An underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device and system

Abstract

The application discloses an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device and system. The device comprises a gas supply device and multiple groups of hydrogen reaction devices connected in parallel with the gas supply device; each hydrogen reaction device comprises a master control valve, a flow controller, an inlet valve group, a core holder, a liquid storage bottle, a sand filling pipe and an outlet valve group; the flow controller can control the outlet flow of the gas supply device; the inlet valve group can control the on-off of the inlets of the core holder, the liquid storage bottle and the sand filling pipe respectively, so as to control the consistency of the pressures in the core holder, the liquid storage bottle and the sand filling pipe; the inlets of the outlet valve group are connected with the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively; and the outlet valve group can control the on-off of the outlets of the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively. The device can synchronously carry out underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments under multiple groups of different reaction conditions, greatly improves the efficiency of the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments, and thus improves the site selection, design, construction and operation efficiency of the underground hydrogen storage library.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground hydrogen storage technology, and in particular to an experimental apparatus and system for underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reactions. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy, as a new energy source that does not rely on fossil fuels, is a clean, low-carbon, and widely applicable renewable energy source with advantages such as abundant reserves, good combustion characteristics, high calorific value, and diverse utilization methods. With the increasing demand for hydrogen energy, the storage capacity of hydrogen also urgently needs to be improved.

[0003] Underground hydrogen storage is a method for large-scale hydrogen storage, offering advantages such as low cost, minimal environmental impact, low land use requirements, and low risk of hydrogen leakage. However, hydrogen is chemically reactive, and the reaction mechanisms with rocks, minerals, or formation water in underground geological structures are not yet fully understood. Reactions with these minerals or water may lead to hydrogen loss, and the resulting new minerals could clog pores or create gas leakage channels, affecting the caprock's sealing. However, the reaction mechanisms of the physicochemical reactions involved in underground hydrogen storage are not documented in any relevant technologies.

[0004] Hydrogen storage in depleted oil and gas fields is a technology that utilizes the underground space of exhausted oil and gas fields for hydrogen storage, particularly suitable for long-term storage needs. Depleted oil and gas fields possess enormous storage capacity and excellent geological sealing. After years of oil and gas extraction, their geological structures have been thoroughly studied and validated, effectively preventing hydrogen leakage. These fields typically have thick caprocks (such as mudstone or salt rock), providing reliable sealing conditions to ensure stable hydrogen storage for years to decades. Furthermore, the infrastructure of depleted oil and gas fields (such as wellheads and pipelines) can be retrofitted, significantly reducing development costs. Due to their large scale, excellent sealing, and high economic efficiency, depleted oil and gas fields are considered an ideal choice for achieving large-scale strategic hydrogen reserves and long-term energy transition, especially suitable for supporting the sustainable development of the future hydrogen economy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To enrich the product range of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental devices and strengthen the research on the physicochemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen with rocks, minerals, and formation water in abandoned oil and gas reservoirs, this invention provides an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device and system.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device, including a gas supply device and multiple hydrogen reaction devices connected in parallel with the gas supply device.

[0007] Each of the hydrogen reaction devices includes a main control valve, a flow controller, an inlet valve assembly, a core holder, a liquid storage bottle, a sand filling pipe, and an outlet valve assembly;

[0008] The inlet of the main control valve is connected to the gas supply device, and the outlet is connected to the flow controller.

[0009] The flow controller is connected to the inlet of the inlet valve group, and the outlet of the inlet valve group is connected to the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively. The flow controller can control the outlet flow of the gas supply device. The inlet valve group can control the opening and closing of the inlets of the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively, so as to control the pressure in the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively.

[0010] The inlet of the outlet valve assembly is connected to the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively; the outlet valve assembly can control the opening and closing of the outlets of the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively;

[0011] The core holder is used to hold the core;

[0012] The storage bottle is used to hold formation water and / or underground crude oil;

[0013] The sand-filling pipe is used to hold core powder or core mineral powder.

[0014] In one or more alternative embodiments, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device further includes a constant temperature explosion-proof box and a hydrogen leakage alarm device;

[0015] Multiple sets of the hydrogen reaction devices and the hydrogen leakage alarm devices are all placed inside the constant temperature explosion-proof box;

[0016] The constant temperature explosion-proof box can adjust the temperature and maintain a constant internal temperature.

[0017] The hydrogen leak alarm device is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the constant temperature explosion-proof box in real time and to issue an alarm when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a preset temperature threshold.

[0018] In one or more alternative embodiments, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device further includes an exhaust system;

[0019] The exhaust device is installed in the constant temperature explosion-proof box and can be connected to the outside of the constant temperature explosion-proof box;

[0020] The hydrogen leak alarm device is connected to the exhaust device, and the hydrogen leak alarm device can send an alarm signal to the exhaust device to control the exhaust device to start.

[0021] In one or more alternative embodiments, the gas supply device includes a gas cylinder and an explosion-proof cabinet;

[0022] The gas cylinder is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet and connected to the air inlet of the main control valve.

[0023] In one or more alternative embodiments, the hydrogen reaction apparatus further includes a ring pressure pump;

[0024] The annular pressure pump is connected to the annular pressure interface of the core holder.

[0025] In one or more alternative embodiments, the hydrogen reaction apparatus further includes a gas recovery pipe;

[0026] The gas recovery pipe is connected to the outlet of the outlet valve assembly.

[0027] In one or more alternative embodiments, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device further includes a pressure monitoring component;

[0028] The pressure monitoring component is connected to the outlet of the main control valve, the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, the sand filling pipe, and the main control valve, respectively, and can monitor the pressure in the outlet of the main control valve, the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe.

[0029] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system, including the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device and the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device described in the first aspect.

[0030] The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device is used to detect the porosity and permeability of rock cores, the composition of formation water, and the composition of rock core powder or rock core mineral powder.

[0031] In one or more alternative embodiments, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device includes a pressure-covered permeameter, a positioning scanning electron microscope, and an X-ray diffractometer;

[0032] The pressure-controlled permeameter is used to detect the porosity and permeability of rock cores;

[0033] The positioning scanning electron microscope is used to scan the rock core at specific points and obtain the composition information of the rock core positioning points;

[0034] The X-ray diffractometer is used to scan core powder or core mineral powder and obtain the composition information of the core powder or core mineral powder.

[0035] In one or more alternative embodiments, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device further includes a liquid chromatograph and a gas chromatograph;

[0036] The liquid chromatograph is used to detect formation water and / or underground crude oil, and to obtain compositional information of formation water and / or underground crude oil.

[0037] The gas chromatograph is used to detect gases and obtain information about their composition.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0039] The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device provided in this invention can inject hydrogen into the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively, to realize the simultaneous reaction of hydrogen or hydrogen-blended natural gas with core, core powder or core mineral powder, formation water and / or underground crude oil. Compared with the prior art, which only conducts hydrogen reaction experiments on the core, this experimental device can comprehensively simulate the reaction process of hydrogen with different substances in the gas storage under different reaction conditions, and can conduct a more comprehensive and effective study on the mechanism of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction. Furthermore, by coordinating the flow controller with the inlet valve group, the flow rate of hydrogen entering different reaction containers can be precisely controlled. This allows for consistent pressure control within the core holder, storage bottle, and sand-filling pipe of the same hydrogen reaction unit. Since multiple hydrogen reaction units are connected in parallel, multiple underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments under different reaction conditions can be carried out simultaneously. This allows for obtaining synchronous reaction results of hydrogen with core, core powder or core mineral powder, formation water, and underground crude oil under different reaction conditions in a short period of time. This significantly improves the efficiency of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments, enabling the rapid acquisition of hydrogen reaction mechanisms within the target gas storage facility and enhancing the efficiency of gas storage facility selection and hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0040] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen reaction device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure label:

[0047] 100. Underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device;

[0048] 1. Gas supply device; 11. Gas cylinder; 12. Explosion-proof cabinet;

[0049] 2. Hydrogen reactor; 21. Main control valve; 22. Flow controller; 23. First switching valve; 24. Core holder; 25. Liquid storage bottle; 26. Sand filling pipe; 27. Second switching valve; 28. Gas recovery pipe;

[0050] 3. Constant temperature explosion-proof box;

[0051] 4. Hydrogen leak alarm device;

[0052] 5. Exhaust system;

[0053] 200. Hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device;

[0054] 201. Overlapping permeameter; 202. Positioning scanning electron microscope; 203. X-ray diffractometer; 204. Liquid chromatograph; 205. Gas chromatograph. Detailed Implementation

[0055] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "far," "near," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0058] The inventors discovered that, due to the long time span of underground hydrogen storage, especially hydrogen storage technology in depleted oil and gas fields, which is often used for hydrogen storage with a time span of several years to decades, the time span of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments is also long in order to accurately simulate the hydrogen storage situation in depleted oil and gas fields, usually requiring more than six months. Furthermore, the existing methods or devices for testing hydrogen storage characteristics in hydrogen storage technologies have certain limitations.

[0059] For example, CN118130342A discloses a device and method for testing the permeability characteristics of surrounding rock in a salt cavern hydrogen storage reservoir, wherein a core holder is used to fill the core. This patent only involves a core holder, and its test results have a large deviation and differ significantly from the actual characteristics.

[0060] CN116448343A discloses a device and method for predicting the leakage pressure of underground hydrogen storage. This invention uses two clamps connected in series to predict the leakage pressure of underground hydrogen storage. The test results of each clamp will affect each other, and the pressure cannot be controlled independently, which leads to deviations in the detection results of leakage prevention or sealing of hydrogen storage.

[0061] CN117129383A discloses a device and method for simulating the hysteresis law of hydrogen-water seepage in hydrogen storage reservoirs. Although this invention can effectively simulate the process of multiple hydrogen injection, storage and extraction cycles in saline aquifers and depleted gas reservoirs, it does not have synchronous reaction testing of core and formation water, which leads to inaccurate detection by a single core holder and cannot effectively study the mechanism of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reactions.

[0062] Therefore, how to utilize experimental devices for underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reactions to study the physicochemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen with rocks, minerals, and formation water in abandoned oil and gas reservoirs, fill the gaps at home and abroad, and provide technical support for underground hydrogen storage has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0063] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide an experimental apparatus and system for underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reactions, which will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This invention provides an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100, referring to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a gas supply device 1 and multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2 connected in parallel with the gas supply device 1.

[0066] Each of the hydrogen reaction devices 2 includes a main control valve 21, a flow controller 22, an inlet valve group, a core holder 24, a liquid storage bottle 25, a sand filling pipe 26, an outlet valve group, and a gas recovery pipe 28;

[0067] The inlet of the main control valve 21 is connected to the gas supply device 1, and the outlet is connected to the flow controller 22;

[0068] The flow controller 22 is connected to the inlet of the inlet valve group, and the outlet of the inlet valve group is connected to the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26, respectively. The flow controller 22 can control the outlet flow of the gas supply device 1. The inlet valve group can control the opening and closing of the inlets of the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26, respectively, so as to control the pressure in the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26, respectively.

[0069] The inlet of the outlet valve group is connected to the core holder 24 and the liquid storage bottle 25 respectively, and the outlet of the outlet valve group is connected to the gas recovery pipe 28; the outlet valve group can control the opening and closing of the outlets of the core holder 24 and the liquid storage bottle 25 respectively.

[0070] The core holder 24 is used to hold the core;

[0071] The storage bottle 25 is used to hold formation water and / or underground crude oil;

[0072] The sand-filling pipe 26 is used to hold core powder or core mineral powder.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen reaction device 2 is used to conduct a synchronous reaction of hydrogen with core, core powder or core mineral powder, formation water, and underground crude oil. The gas supply device 1 is used to provide hydrogen for the reaction within the hydrogen reaction device 2. Specifically, a core holder 24 is used to hold the core, thereby simulating the reaction of hydrogen with the core in the gas storage tank; a liquid storage bottle 25 is used to hold formation water and / or underground crude oil, thereby simulating the reaction of hydrogen with formation water and / or underground crude oil in the gas storage tank; and a sand-filled pipe 26 is used to hold core powder or core mineral powder, thereby simulating the reaction of hydrogen with the core powder or core mineral powder in the gas storage tank. The flow controller 22 is used to control the amount of hydrogen injected into the corresponding hydrogen reaction device 2, and is used in conjunction with the inlet valve group to control the amount of hydrogen injected into the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25, and the sand-filled pipe 26, respectively.

[0074] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the inlet valve assembly may include three first switching valves 23. These three first switching valves 23 are respectively located at the inlet of the core holder 24, the inlet of the storage bottle 25, and the inlet of the sand filling pipe 26. When the corresponding first switching valve 23 is open, hydrogen gas from the gas supply device 1 can be injected into the core holder 24, the storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26. When the corresponding first switching valve 23 is closed, the injection stops. Initially, all three first switching valves 23 can be opened simultaneously to inject hydrogen gas into the core holder 24, the storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26 synchronously. Later, when fine-tuning of the pressure in each container is required, a single first switching valve 23 can be opened or closed individually, and the flow controller 22 can be adjusted to ensure consistent pressure in the core holder 24, the storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26.

[0075] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the outlet valve assembly may include two second switching valves 27, which are respectively located at the outlet of the core holder 24 and the outlet of the storage bottle 25. When the corresponding second switching valve 27 is open, hydrogen gas flows out from the core holder 24 or the storage bottle 25; when the corresponding second switching valve 27 is closed, the flow stops. By opening the second switching valve 27, the gas in the core holder 24 and / or the storage bottle 25 can be discharged, thereby enabling pressure-assisted regulation and hydrogen recovery.

[0076] It should be noted that, through the cooperation of the flow controller 22 and the inlet valve assembly, the gas pressure flowing into one or two of the three components—core holder 24, sand filling pipe 26, and liquid storage bottle 25—can be controlled, as can the total gas pressure flowing into the core holder 24, sand filling pipe 26, and liquid storage bottle 25. For example, if it is necessary to control the gas pressure flowing into the core holder 24, it is only necessary to close the first switch valve 23 at the air inlet of the sand filling pipe 26 and the liquid storage bottle 25 to achieve individual control of the gas pressure flowing into the core holder 24.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, any hydrogen reaction device 2 also includes a gas recovery pipe 28, which is connected to the outlets of two second switching valves 27 respectively, for recovering the gas after the reaction. A hydrogen recovery bag can be used to store the gas at the outlet of the recovery pipe.

[0078] In this embodiment of the invention, since multiple sets of hydrogen reaction devices 2 are set, different reaction conditions can be set, and the reaction can be carried out simultaneously in multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2, thereby saving experimental time and improving the efficiency of gas storage selection. Taking the hydrogen storage pressure condition as the research object as an example, the multiple sets of hydrogen reaction devices 2 can be set to different pressures, the pressure of different containers in each set of hydrogen reaction devices 2 can be kept consistent, and the reaction time of each set of hydrogen reaction devices 2 can be set to be consistent. When the reaction time is up, the changes in hydrogen gas after the reaction and the changes in samples in different containers can be obtained, thereby obtaining the hydrogen reaction mechanism.

[0079] In an optional embodiment, the number of hydrogen reaction devices 2 can be set to 3 to 7 sets to ensure that multiple sets of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments under different reaction conditions can be carried out simultaneously, and to minimize costs as much as possible.

[0080] The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention can inject hydrogen into the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25 and the sand filling pipe 26 respectively, so as to realize the simultaneous reaction of hydrogen or hydrogen-blended natural gas with core, core powder or core mineral powder and formation water and / or underground crude oil. Compared with the prior art, which only conducts hydrogen reaction experiments on core, this experimental device can comprehensively simulate the reaction process of hydrogen with different substances in the gas storage under different reaction conditions, and can conduct a more comprehensive and effective study on the mechanism of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction. Furthermore, by cooperating with the inlet valve group, the flow rate of hydrogen entering different reaction containers can be precisely controlled, thereby ensuring consistent pressure in the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26. Since multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2 are connected in parallel, multiple underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments under different reaction conditions can be carried out simultaneously. The synchronous reaction results of hydrogen with core, core powder or core mineral powder, formation water, and underground crude oil under different reaction conditions can be obtained in a short time, which greatly improves the efficiency of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments, enables the rapid acquisition of hydrogen reaction mechanisms in the target gas storage, and improves the efficiency of gas storage selection and hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0081] In an optional implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 also includes a constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3. The constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3 can regulate the temperature and maintain its own constant temperature. Multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2 are placed inside the constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3, thereby providing a suitable temperature for the hydrogen reaction devices 2 and simulating the temperature conditions inside the gas storage tank.

[0082] In an optional implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 also includes a hydrogen leakage alarm device 4. The hydrogen leakage alarm device 4 monitors the hydrogen concentration in the constant temperature explosion-proof box 3 in real time and alarms when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a preset temperature threshold, thereby effectively preventing hydrogen leakage from causing an explosion and improving the safety of the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100.

[0083] In an optional implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 also includes an exhaust device 5. The exhaust device 5 is installed in the constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3 and can be connected to the outside of the constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3, so as to exhaust the gas inside the constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3 to the outside, prevent the hydrogen concentration inside the constant temperature explosion-proof chamber 3 from being too high, and ensure the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0084] Furthermore, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen leak alarm device 4 is connected to the exhaust device 5. When the hydrogen leak alarm device 4 detects that the hydrogen concentration is higher than the preset concentration threshold, it will sound an alarm and send an alarm signal to the exhaust device 5 to control the exhaust device 5 to start and discharge the gas in the constant temperature explosion-proof box 3, effectively ensuring experimental safety.

[0085] In an optional implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the gas supply device 1 includes a gas cylinder 11 and an explosion-proof cabinet 12. The gas cylinder 11 is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet 12 and connected to the gas inlet of the main control valve 21. When the main control valve 21 is opened, the hydrogen stored in the gas cylinder 11 is injected into the hydrogen reaction device 2. When the main control valve 21 is closed, the injection stops.

[0086] In an optional embodiment, each hydrogen reaction device 2 further includes an annular pressure pump (not shown) connected to the core holder 24. The annular pressure pump applies annular pressure to the core within the core holder 24, and the annular pressure applied to the core by the annular pressure pump must be greater than the axial pressure (i.e., the pressure of the gas flowing into the core holder 24) by 2 MPa to 3 MPa, thereby preventing the injected hydrogen from radially escaping from the core and accurately simulating the real pressure environment of the gas storage facility. The injection of hydrogen into the core holder 24 creates axial pressure on the core, which, combined with the annular pressure applied to the core by the annular pressure pump, effectively simulates the pressure environment within the gas storage facility, ensuring the accuracy of the experimental results of the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction.

[0087] In an optional embodiment, the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 further includes a pressure monitoring component (not shown in the figure). The pressure monitoring component is connected to the outlet of the main control valve 21, the core holder 24, the storage bottle 25, and the sand filling pipe 26, respectively, and can monitor the pressure within these components. Specifically, the pressure monitoring component includes a first pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a second pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a third pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), and a fourth pressure sensor (not shown in the figure). The first pressure sensor is connected to the core holder 24 for real-time monitoring of the pressure within the core holder 24; the second pressure sensor is connected to the storage bottle 25 for real-time monitoring of the pressure within the storage bottle 25; the third pressure sensor is connected to the sand filling pipe 26 for real-time monitoring of the pressure within the sand filling pipe 26; and the fourth pressure sensor is connected to the outlet of the main control valve 21 for real-time monitoring. Through the coordinated action of the pressure monitoring component, the inlet valve group and the flow controller 22, the pressure inside the core holder 24, the liquid storage bottle 25 and the sand filling tube 26 can be controlled to the preset pressure value.

[0088] In one specific embodiment, the core holder 24 can be selected with an internal diameter of 2.5cm, a length of 5cm, a pressure resistance of 70MPa, and a temperature resistance of 120℃. Furthermore, its material is low-carbon steel with hydrogen embrittlement resistance to prevent the core holder 24 itself from reacting with hydrogen.

[0089] In one specific embodiment, the storage bottle 25 can be made of a sealable, hydrogen-embrittle-resistant material, with at least two insertion ports on the cap for inserting a long tube and / or a short tube. Specifically, a set of storage bottles 25 of the hydrogen reaction device 2 can be selected and two short tubes can be inserted, with the bottom ends of both short tubes above the surface of the formation water, and the top ends connected to the corresponding first switch valve 23 and the corresponding second switch valve 27, respectively. Then, a set of storage bottles 25 of the hydrogen reaction device 2 can be selected and long and short tubes can be inserted, with one end of the long tube extending below the surface of the formation water and the other end connected to the corresponding first switch valve 23. One end of the short tube is above the surface of the formation water and the other end is connected to the corresponding second switch valve 27, thereby enabling more accurate testing of the reaction mechanism between formation water and hydrogen.

[0090] In one specific embodiment, the sand-filling tube 26 can be selected with a capacity greater than 50ml, a pressure resistance of 70MPa, a temperature resistance of 120℃, and a low-carbon steel material resistant to hydrogen embrittlement. This ensures that 50g of core powder or core mineral powder can be loaded, preventing hydrogen from reacting with the sand-filling tube 26 itself and improving the accuracy of experimental results.

[0091] In this embodiment of the invention, the specific process of conducting underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments using the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 may include:

[0092] For each hydrogen reaction device 2, a preset pressure value and a preset reaction time are set. For each hydrogen reaction device 2:

[0093] After saturating the core with formation water, place it into the core holder 24;

[0094] Place the core powder or core mineral powder into the sand-filling tube 26;

[0095] Place formation water and / or underground crude oil into storage bottle 25;

[0096] Keep both second switching valves 27 closed;

[0097] Open the three first switch valves 23 and the main control valve 21, and adjust the flow controller 22 to allow the hydrogen in the gas cylinder 11 to enter the core holder 24, the sand filling pipe 26 and the liquid storage bottle 25;

[0098] The pressure monitoring component monitors the pressure in the core holder 24, sand filling tube 26 and liquid storage bottle 25 in real time. It can open or close any of the first switch valves 23 individually, and adjust the flow controller 22 to make the pressure in the core holder 24, sand filling tube 26 and liquid storage bottle 25 reach the corresponding preset pressure value and keep the pressure of the three consistent.

[0099] Once the preset reaction time is reached in each hydrogen reaction unit 2, the reacted core, core powder or core mineral powder, as well as formation water and / or underground crude oil are removed.

[0100] Optionally, taking multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2 as an example, namely a first hydrogen reaction device, a second hydrogen reaction device, and a third hydrogen reaction device, the preset pressure values ​​of the first hydrogen reaction device and the second hydrogen reaction device can be set differently, but the preset reaction time can be set the same. The preset reaction time of the second hydrogen reaction device and the third hydrogen reaction device can be set differently, but the preset pressure value can be the same, so that the influence of pressure and reaction time on the experimental results can be obtained simultaneously.

[0101] Optionally, taking multiple hydrogen reaction devices 2 as an example, namely a first hydrogen reaction device, a second hydrogen reaction device, a third hydrogen reaction device, a fourth hydrogen reaction device, and a fifth hydrogen reaction device, the preset pressure values ​​of the first and second hydrogen reaction devices can be set differently, but the preset reaction time can be set to be the same. The preset reaction time of the second and third hydrogen reaction devices can be set differently, but the preset pressure values ​​can be the same. The preset reaction time and preset pressure values ​​of the fourth and fifth hydrogen reaction devices can both be set to be the same. However, the storage bottle 25 of the fourth hydrogen reaction device uses two short tubes, and the storage bottle 25 of the fifth hydrogen reaction device uses a combination of long and short tubes. This allows for the simultaneous acquisition of the influence of pressure and reaction time on the experimental results, as well as the difference between the reaction of hydrogen on the surface of formation water and the reaction of hydrogen injected below the surface of formation water.

[0102] The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention enables the simultaneous conduct of multiple sets of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments under different reaction conditions through the parallel connection of multiple sets of hydrogen reaction devices 2. This significantly improves the efficiency of underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experiments, thereby enabling the study of the physicochemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen with rocks, minerals, and formation water in abandoned oil and gas reservoirs. This fills a gap in domestic and international research, provides technical support for underground hydrogen storage, and improves the efficiency of gas storage selection and hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system, referring to... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device 100 and the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 described in Example 1;

[0105] The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 is used to detect the porosity and permeability of rock cores, the composition of formation water, and the composition of rock core powder or rock core mineral powder.

[0106] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 includes a pressure-controlled porosimeter 201, which is used to detect the porosity and permeability of the core sample before and after the reaction.

[0107] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 also includes a positioning scanning electron microscope 202, which is used to scan the core samples before and after the reaction, and to obtain the composition information of the core samples before and after the reaction.

[0108] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 3As shown, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 also includes an X-ray diffractometer 203, which is used to scan the core powder or core mineral powder before and after the reaction, and to obtain the composition information of the core powder or core mineral powder before and after the reaction.

[0109] In this embodiment of the invention, reference is made to Figure 3 As shown, the hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 also includes a liquid chromatograph 204 and a gas chromatograph 205. The liquid chromatograph 204 is used to detect the formation water and / or underground crude oil after the reaction, and to obtain the component information of the formation water and / or underground crude oil after the reaction. The gas chromatograph 205 is used to detect the gas recovered by the gas recovery pipe 28, and to obtain the component information of the recovered gas.

[0110] In this embodiment of the invention, the experimental results of the physicochemical reaction of underground hydrogen storage mainly include: the reaction mechanism and reaction rate of hydrogen with formation water, and the reaction mechanism and reaction rate of hydrogen with rock minerals. The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device 200 can obtain the compositional changes of core samples, core powder or core mineral powder, formation water, underground crude oil, and hydrogen, as well as the changes in core porosity and permeability. Combined with reaction time and different reaction conditions, the reaction mechanism and reaction rate of hydrogen with formation water and hydrogen with rock minerals can ultimately be obtained. This enables the study of the physicochemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen with rock minerals and formation water in abandoned oil and gas reservoirs, filling a gap both domestically and internationally, providing technical support for underground hydrogen storage, and improving the efficiency of site selection, design, construction, and operation of underground hydrogen storage facilities.

[0111] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. This disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the invention fall within the scope of the claims of the invention and their equivalents, the invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reactions, characterized in that, It includes a gas supply device and multiple hydrogen reaction devices connected in parallel with the gas supply device; Each of the hydrogen reaction devices includes a main control valve, a flow controller, an inlet valve assembly, a core holder, a liquid storage bottle, a sand filling pipe, and an outlet valve assembly; The inlet of the main control valve is connected to the gas supply device, and the outlet is connected to the flow controller. The flow controller is connected to the inlet of the inlet valve group, and the outlet of the inlet valve group is connected to the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively. The flow controller can control the outlet flow of the gas supply device. The inlet valve group can control the opening and closing of the inlets of the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively, so as to control the pressure in the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe, respectively. The inlet of the outlet valve assembly is connected to the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively; the outlet valve assembly can control the opening and closing of the outlets of the core holder and the liquid storage bottle respectively; The core holder is used to hold the core. The storage bottle is used to hold formation water and / or underground crude oil; The sand-filling pipe is used to hold core powder or core mineral powder.

2. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a constant temperature explosion-proof box and a hydrogen leak alarm device; Multiple sets of the hydrogen reaction devices and the hydrogen leakage alarm devices are all placed inside the constant temperature explosion-proof box; The constant temperature explosion-proof box can adjust the temperature and maintain a constant internal temperature. The hydrogen leak alarm device is used to monitor the hydrogen concentration in the constant temperature explosion-proof box in real time and to issue an alarm when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a preset temperature threshold.

3. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a ventilation system; The exhaust device is installed in the constant temperature explosion-proof box and can be connected to the outside of the constant temperature explosion-proof box; The hydrogen leak alarm device is connected to the exhaust device, and the hydrogen leak alarm device can send an alarm signal to the exhaust device to control the exhaust device to start.

4. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply device includes a gas cylinder and an explosion-proof cabinet; The gas cylinder is placed in the explosion-proof cabinet and connected to the air inlet of the main control valve.

5. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen reaction device also includes a ring pressure pump; The annular pressure pump is connected to the annular pressure interface of the core holder.

6. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen reaction device also includes a gas recovery pipe; The gas recovery pipe is connected to the outlet of the outlet valve assembly.

7. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressure monitoring component; The pressure monitoring component is connected to the outlet of the main control valve, the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, the sand filling pipe, and the main control valve, respectively, and can monitor the pressure in the outlet of the main control valve, the core holder, the liquid storage bottle, and the sand filling pipe.

8. An underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system, characterized in that, Includes the underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental apparatus and hydrogen storage physicochemical detection apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-7; The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device is used to detect the porosity and permeability of rock cores, the composition of formation water, and the composition of rock core powder or rock core mineral powder.

9. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device includes a pressure-covered porosimeter, a positioning scanning electron microscope, and an X-ray diffractometer. The pressure-controlled permeameter is used to detect the porosity and permeability of rock cores; The positioning scanning electron microscope is used to scan the rock core at specific points and obtain the composition information of the rock core positioning points; The X-ray diffractometer is used to scan core powder or core mineral powder and obtain the composition information of the core powder or core mineral powder.

10. The underground hydrogen storage physicochemical reaction experimental system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage physicochemical detection device also includes a liquid chromatograph and a gas chromatograph; The liquid chromatograph is used to detect formation water and / or underground crude oil, and to obtain compositional information of formation water and / or underground crude oil. The gas chromatograph is used to detect gases and obtain information about their composition.

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