A multifunctional intelligent switch device for an electric energy metering box based on internet of things technology

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on the multifunctional intelligent switch equipment of electric energy metering box of internet of things technology, belong to power distribution equipment monitoring field, is the whole transmission chain mechanical state online perception architecture of construction from operation input to execution terminal, through distributed acquisition handle operating torque and angle, movable contact shaft angular displacement and vibration acceleration, terminal impact vibration and auxiliary contact level jump signal, realize the online perception and diagnosis of low-voltage electric energy metering box switch equipment mechanical health state, and same source multi-feature coupling diagnosis and cross-component linkage analysis, same source multi-feature coupling diagnosis is verified by crossing multiple physical quantities in the same detection dimension, avoid false alarm generated by single parameter analysis, cross-component linkage analysis provides second check barrier, when single-dimension diagnosis finds abnormality, cross-dimension linkage analysis further confirms whether the abnormality has spread to the coordination of whole transmission chain, realize the accurate positioning and distinction of multiple mechanical fault modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution equipment monitoring, and more specifically, to a multifunctional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Background Technology

[0002] The power metering box is a terminal device in a low-voltage power distribution system used for power metering, distribution and protection. The switchgear installed inside (such as miniature circuit breakers, molded case circuit breakers and disconnecting switches) undertakes key functions such as circuit on / off control, overload protection and short circuit protection.

[0003] Currently, the status monitoring solutions for power metering box switchgear mainly focus on the monitoring of electrical parameters. For example, Chinese patent CN122052296A discloses a multi-functional intelligent switchgear for metering boxes based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It realizes data interaction with the power operation and maintenance platform through an IoT interaction module. However, it only achieves real-time acquisition and remote transmission of electrical parameters, environmental conditions, and wiring temperature by integrating three-phase current sensors, voltage sensors, leakage current detection sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, and wiring temperature sensors. This conventional monitoring solution effectively solves the problem of traditional switchgear lacking remote control and status awareness.

[0004] However, the above content only focuses on monitoring electrical and environmental parameters, without involving the perception of the mechanical motion characteristics of the switchgear itself. It cannot perform online diagnosis of mechanical performance degradation parameters such as torque changes of the operating handle, rotational smoothness of the moving contact rotation support shaft, bearing impact energy, and cumulative clearance of the transmission chain. It also lacks the ability to perform multi-feature coupling diagnosis and cross-component linkage analysis, making it difficult to effectively predict faults such as switch failure or maloperation caused by mechanical wear, jamming, or reduced contact overtravel. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address practical deficiencies by providing a multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an electricity metering box based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an electricity metering box based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, comprising a switchgear body, a distributed multi-source sensing and acquisition component, and a homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnostic module. The switchgear body includes an insulating shell, a contact action chamber disposed within the insulating shell, a moving contact, an auxiliary contact, a moving contact rotation support shaft, and an operating mechanism. The operating mechanism has an operating handle shaft, and the moving contact rotation support shaft is used to drive the moving contact to perform opening and closing actions within the contact action chamber. The operating handle shaft and the moving contact rotation support shaft form a detachable linkage.

[0007] The distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component includes:

[0008] The contact shaft sensing sub-assembly is used to collect the shaft angular displacement signal and shaft vibration acceleration signal during the rotation of the moving contact rotating support shaft;

[0009] The handle sensor sub-assembly is used to collect the handle operating torque signal and handle rotation angle signal during the rotation of the handle shaft;

[0010] The action timing sensing sub-component is used to collect the mechanical stop impact signal when the moving contact moves to the terminal position during the opening and closing operation, as well as the level transition signal of the auxiliary contact.

[0011] The homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module is connected to the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component, and is used to receive all signals acquired and output by the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component, and respectively:

[0012] Based on the co-originating time sequence correlation of the shaft angular displacement signal and the shaft vibration acceleration signal, the co-originating characteristics of the moving contact shaft are extracted, and the performance diagnosis of the moving contact rotating support shaft and associated transmission is performed accordingly.

[0013] Based on the homogeneous hysteresis correlation between the handle operating torque signal and the handle rotation angle signal, the homogeneous features of the handle are extracted, and the transmission performance of the handle shaft and linkage assembly is diagnosed accordingly.

[0014] Based on the timing correlation between the mechanical stop impact signal and the level transition signal, the common source characteristics of the action timing are extracted, and the contact contact and operating mechanism positioning performance are diagnosed accordingly.

[0015] Furthermore, the contact shaft sensing sub-assembly includes a moving contact rotating support shaft angular displacement sensing module and an acceleration sensing module. The sensing direction of the moving contact rotating support shaft angular displacement sensing module is towards the moving contact rotating support shaft, and it cooperates with a first permanent magnet target pre-installed at the end of the moving contact rotating support shaft to collect the shaft angular displacement signal of the moving contact rotating support shaft in a non-contact manner.

[0016] The sensing surface of the acceleration sensing module is in close contact with the outer wall of the bearing seat of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact, and the vibration acceleration signal of the shaft during the opening and closing operation is acquired through physical contact.

[0017] Furthermore, the handle sensing sub-assembly includes a torque sensing module and a handle shaft angle sensing module. The torque sensing module uses a non-contact magnetoelastic sensing element or a strain resistance thin film element attached to the surface of the operating handle shaft to couple with the operating handle shaft, so as to collect the handle operating torque signal during the manual opening and closing operation in a non-invasive manner. The sensing direction of the handle shaft angle sensing module is towards the operating handle shaft, and it cooperates with the second permanent magnet target pre-installed at the end of the operating handle shaft to collect the handle rotation angle signal in a non-contact manner.

[0018] Furthermore, the action timing sensing sub-component includes a terminal impact vibration sensing module and an auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module; the terminal impact vibration sensing module is installed inside the insulating housing and is used to collect the transient impact vibration waveforms generated when the moving contact impacts the stationary contact in the contact action chamber when it is closed and when it impacts the terminal limit part of the housing when it is open, so as to constitute the mechanical stop impact signal; the auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module is connected in parallel across the two ends of the auxiliary contact and is used to collect the level transition signal of the voltage across the two ends of the auxiliary contact.

[0019] Furthermore, the extraction process of the homologous features of the moving contact axis includes:

[0020] The first derivative of the shaft angular displacement signal with respect to time is obtained to get the angular velocity curve of the moving contact shaft. The variance of the angular velocity values ​​at each time point on the curve is calculated to obtain the shaft rotational smoothness characteristics. The shaft vibration acceleration signal is subjected to spectrum analysis to extract the high-frequency spectrum energy as the bearing impact energy characteristics. The moving contact shaft angular velocity curve and the bearing impact energy characteristics are aligned on the time axis, and the temporal correlation between the two is calculated to obtain the temporal coupling characteristics.

[0021] The shaft rotation smoothness characteristics, bearing impact energy characteristics, and timing coupling characteristics together constitute the moving contact shaft homogeneity characteristics. Within a preset maintenance time, each characteristic in the moving contact shaft homogeneity characteristics is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the moving contact rotation support shaft and associated transmission performance diagnosis are performed accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, the extraction process of the handle homology features includes:

[0023] During a complete opening and closing operation, the handle operating torque signal and handle rotation angle signal in the same manual operation process are aligned on the time axis, and the operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve is constructed with the handle rotation angle as the horizontal axis and the handle operating torque as the vertical axis.

[0024] Calculate the enclosing area of ​​the hysteresis curve to obtain the friction energy dissipation characteristics; divide the operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve into closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment according to the closing and opening action directions, calculate the enclosing area of ​​the corresponding closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment of the hysteresis curve respectively, and use the ratio of the two enclosing areas as the bidirectional action consistency characteristics; calculate the first derivative of the torque with respect to the angle at each point on the hysteresis curve, and use the continuous segment where the absolute value of the derivative is less than the preset slope threshold as the plateau segment, and use the angular span length of the plateau segment as the transmission clearance characteristics;

[0025] The friction energy dissipation characteristics, bidirectional motion consistency characteristics, and transmission clearance characteristics together constitute the handle homogeneous characteristics; each characteristic in the handle homogeneous characteristics is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the transmission performance diagnosis of the handle shaft and linkage assembly is performed based on the comparison results.

[0026] Furthermore, the extraction process of the action temporal homology features includes:

[0027] The first peak amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during the closing action and the time constant required for the vibration energy to decay to 1 / e of the peak value are extracted as contact stiffness characteristics of the contact.

[0028] Extract the transition time of the level transition signal, and calculate the time difference between the transition time and the peak time of the transient impact vibration waveform as the overtravel reduction feature;

[0029] The amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during opening and closing in the same operation is compared to obtain the impact symmetry characteristics of opening and closing.

[0030] The contact stiffness characteristics, overtravel reduction characteristics, and opening / closing impact symmetry characteristics together constitute the same source characteristics of the action sequence; each feature in the same source characteristics of the action sequence is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the contact contact and operating mechanism positioning performance diagnosis is performed according to the comparison results.

[0031] Furthermore, the homologous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module also performs cross-component linkage analysis: based on the cross-component timing correlation and force-displacement mapping relationship between at least two sets of features among the homologous features of the handle, the homologous features of the moving contact shaft, and the homologous features of the action timing, cross-component linkage analysis is performed to diagnose the coordination of the entire transmission chain and the cumulative transmission error between the operating mechanism, the rotating support shaft of the moving contact, and the contact action chamber.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0033] 1. This invention constructs a full-transmission chain mechanical performance monitoring architecture from "operation input → transmission chain → execution terminal" by distributing handle sensing sub-components, contact shaft sensing sub-components, and action timing sensing sub-components to collect the torque and angle of the operating handle shaft, the angular displacement and vibration acceleration of the moving contact rotation support shaft, the terminal impact vibration, and the auxiliary contact level jump signal, respectively. This enables online sensing and diagnosis of the mechanical health status of low-voltage power metering box switchgear.

[0034] 2. This invention also constructs a multi-feature coupling diagnosis based on the same source (time-sequential correlation of multiple physical quantities within the same component) and a cross-component linkage analysis (force-displacement mapping relationship between different components). By jointly evaluating multi-dimensional features such as the operating torque-angle hysteresis curve, the time-sequential coupling degree of angular velocity-vibration energy, and the time difference between auxiliary contact flipping and impact vibration, as well as the collaborative diagnosis of cross-component linkage features such as transmission idle, force-response delay, and transmission ratio, it can accurately distinguish and locate various fault modes such as poor lubrication, component misalignment, bearing wear, reduced contact overtravel, and increased linkage clearance, effectively eliminating false alarms of single parameters and providing a reliable basis for operation and maintenance decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the physical connection between the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component and the main body of the switching device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the principle of the multi-module system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1: This invention discloses a multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an electricity metering box based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 It includes the switchgear body, distributed multi-source sensing acquisition components, as well as the same-source feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module and communication module. The switchgear body is an integrated device in the power metering box that integrates power metering, circuit on / off control and overload protection functions.

[0039] The switchgear body includes an insulating housing, a contact actuation chamber disposed within the insulating housing, a moving contact, an auxiliary contact, a moving contact rotation support shaft, and an operating mechanism. The operating mechanism has an operating handle shaft. The moving contact rotation support shaft is used to drive the moving contact to perform opening and closing actions within the contact actuation chamber. The operating handle shaft forms a detachable linkage with the moving contact rotation support shaft through a linkage assembly of the operating mechanism.

[0040] The distributed multi-source sensing acquisition components are distributed at the corresponding detection positions on the switchgear body in a separate flexible installation structure;

[0041] The distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component includes a contact axis sensing sub-component, a handle sensing sub-component, and an action timing sensing sub-component, specifically:

[0042] The contact shaft sensing sub-assembly includes a moving contact rotation support shaft angular displacement sensing module and an acceleration sensing module;

[0043] The moving contact rotary support shaft angular displacement sensing module uses a magnetic encoder chip based on the giant magnetoresistive or Hall effect principle. It is fixed to the inner wall of the insulating housing via PCB mounting. Its sensing direction is towards the moving contact rotary support shaft, and it cooperates with the first permanent magnet target pre-installed at the end of the moving contact rotary support shaft to collect the shaft angular displacement signal of the moving contact rotary support shaft in a non-contact manner. The shaft angular displacement signal refers to the signal of the angle change over time continuously output by the moving contact rotary support shaft angular displacement sensing module in cooperation with a first permanent magnet target as the moving contact rotary support shaft rotates. The signal itself is an angle value, in degrees or radians.

[0044] The first permanent magnet target uses a radially magnetized cylindrical neodymium magnet with a diameter of 6-10mm and a thickness of 3-5mm. It is fixed to the center of the end of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact by epoxy resin adhesive or thread. It rotates synchronously with the rotating support shaft of the moving contact. The resulting rotating magnetic field is sensed by the angular displacement sensing module of the rotating support shaft of the passive contact and converted into an electrical signal.

[0045] The acceleration sensing module uses a triaxial MEMS capacitive accelerometer chip, which is fixed to the inner wall of the insulating housing by PCB mounting. Its sensing acquisition position corresponds to the bearing seat position of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact. The vibration acceleration signal of the acquisition shaft is transmitted through the physical contact between the insulating housing and the bearing seat of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact.

[0046] The handle sensing sub-assembly includes a torque sensing module and a handle shaft angle sensing module. The torque sensing module uses a non-contact magnetoelastic sensing element or a strain resistance thin film element attached to the surface of the operating handle shaft to couple with the operating handle shaft, so as to collect the handle operating torque signal during the manual opening and closing operation in a non-invasive manner.

[0047] The sensing direction of the handle rotation axis angle sensing module is towards the direction of the operating handle rotation axis, and it cooperates with the second permanent magnet target pre-installed on the end of the operating handle rotation axis to collect the handle rotation angle signal in a non-contact manner. The installation method of the second permanent magnet target is the same as that of the first permanent magnet target, and it is fixed at the center position of the end of the operating handle rotation axis.

[0048] The action timing sensing sub-component includes a terminal impact vibration sensing module and an auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module. The terminal impact vibration sensing module is installed inside the insulating housing and is used to collect the transient impact vibration waveforms generated when the moving contact hits the stationary contact in the contact action chamber when it is closed and when it hits the terminal limit part of the housing when it is open, so as to form a mechanical stop impact signal. The auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module is connected in parallel across the two ends of the auxiliary contact and is used to collect the level transition signal of the voltage across the two ends of the auxiliary contact.

[0049] The multifunctional intelligent switchgear of the power metering box also includes a signal processing circuit board. The signal processing circuit board is connected to the moving contact rotation support shaft angular displacement sensing module, acceleration sensing module, torque sensing module, handle rotation shaft angle sensing module, terminal impact vibration sensing module, and auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module through FPC cables or board-to-board connectors. It is used to amplify, filter, and convert the raw signals of each sensing module to digital monitoring data.

[0050] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 2 The homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module is communicatively connected to the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component via an electrical interface and a single cable. This connection is used to receive all signals acquired and output by the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component and to execute the following steps:

[0051] 1. Based on the co-originating time sequence correlation of shaft angular displacement signal and shaft vibration acceleration signal, extract the co-originating characteristics of the moving contact shaft, and diagnose the bearing wear and transmission jamming performance of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact accordingly.

[0052] The extraction process of homologous features of the moving contact axis includes:

[0053] The first derivative of the shaft angular displacement signal with respect to time is obtained by using the difference method to calculate the ratio of the angular change to the time change between adjacent sampling points, thus obtaining the angular velocity curve of the moving contact shaft. The variance of the angular velocity values ​​at each time point on the curve is calculated to obtain the shaft rotation smoothness characteristic. This shaft rotation smoothness characteristic characterizes the degree of fluctuation of the angular velocity of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact deviating from the average value during rotation. The larger the shaft rotation smoothness characteristic value, the more uneven and less smooth the rotation.

[0054] The shaft vibration acceleration signal is subjected to fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration spectrum. The spectral energy of the preset high frequency band in the vibration spectrum is extracted as the bearing impact energy feature. The bearing impact energy feature characterizes the mechanical impact intensity generated by the bearing when the spindle rotates due to wear or increased clearance.

[0055] Align the moving contact shaft angular velocity curve with the bearing impact energy characteristics on the time axis, calculate the temporal correlation between the two, and obtain the temporal coupling characteristics. Specifically, perform cross-correlation analysis on the moving contact shaft angular velocity curve and the root mean square value sequence of shaft vibration acceleration signal within the same time window during one operation, and take the maximum cross-correlation value as the temporal coupling characteristic.

[0056] The characteristics of shaft rotation smoothness, bearing impact energy, and timing coupling together constitute the homogeneous characteristics of the moving contact shaft. Within a preset holding time, each characteristic of the homogeneous characteristics of the moving contact shaft is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value. Based on the coupling relationship of the comparison results, the performance diagnosis of the moving contact rotating support shaft and associated transmission is performed.

[0057] The specific diagnostic process includes:

[0058] When all three characteristics are normal, the rotating support shaft of the moving contact and the transmission are considered to be in normal condition.

[0059] When only the shaft rotation smoothness characteristics increase, it is judged as an initial sign of transmission jamming, such as jamming of the connecting rod assembly or poor lubrication;

[0060] When only the bearing impact energy characteristics increase, it is determined to be bearing impact wear of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact;

[0061] When the shaft rotation smoothness characteristic increases and the timing coupling characteristic decreases, it is determined to be a sudden change in the transmission clearance of the linkage assembly, such as hinge movement or loosening of the latch.

[0062] When both the shaft rotation smoothness characteristics and the bearing impact energy characteristics increase, it is determined to be a combined fault, that is, transmission jamming accompanied by bearing impact wear.

[0063] When the timing coupling characteristic is less than the historical baseline value, it is determined that the transmission chain gap has increased or elastic deformation has occurred.

[0064] II. Based on the homogeneous hysteresis correlation between the handle operating torque signal and the handle rotation angle signal, extract the handle's homogeneous features, including:

[0065] During a complete opening and closing operation, the handle operating torque signal and handle rotation angle signal in the same manual operation process are aligned on the time axis. With the handle rotation angle as the horizontal axis and the handle operating torque as the vertical axis, an operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve is constructed. The meaning of this hysteresis curve is: the operating handle shaft rotates from the starting angle to the ending angle during the closing stroke (forward path), and then returns from the ending angle to the starting angle during the opening stroke (reverse path). Due to friction, elastic deformation and gaps in the transmission chain, the forward path and the reverse path do not coincide, forming a closed loop curve.

[0066] Calculate the area enclosed by the hysteresis curve to obtain the friction energy consumption characteristic. The friction energy consumption characteristic represents the total friction energy consumption of the transmission chain in one complete operation. The larger the friction energy consumption characteristic value, the greater the frictional resistance of the transmission chain and the lower the mechanical efficiency.

[0067] The operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve is divided into closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment according to the closing and opening action directions. The enclosing area of ​​the corresponding closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment of the hysteresis curve is calculated respectively. The ratio of the two enclosing areas is used as the bidirectional action consistency feature. The bidirectional action consistency feature characterizes the resistance symmetry of the forward and reverse action of the transmission chain. The closer the bidirectional action consistency feature is to 1, the better the bidirectional symmetry and the healthier the mechanism is.

[0068] Calculate the first derivative of the torque with respect to the angle at each point on the hysteresis curve. Take the continuous segment where the absolute value of the derivative is less than the preset slope threshold as the plateau segment. Use the angular span length of the plateau segment as the transmission clearance feature. The transmission clearance feature characterizes the total transmission clearance between the pin and the hole in the transmission chain. The larger the transmission clearance feature value, the larger the transmission clearance.

[0069] Friction energy dissipation characteristics, bidirectional motion consistency characteristics, and transmission clearance characteristics together constitute the common characteristics of the handle; each characteristic in the common characteristics of the handle is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the transmission performance diagnosis of the handle shaft and linkage assembly is performed accordingly.

[0070] The specific diagnostic process includes:

[0071] When all three characteristics are normal, the transmission performance of the operating handle shaft and associated transmission components is determined to be normal.

[0072] When the frictional energy dissipation characteristics increase, it is determined that the frictional resistance of the transmission chain has increased and there is poor lubrication.

[0073] When the bidirectional motion consistency characteristic deviates from its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, it is determined that the operating mechanism has component misalignment, unilateral wear, or assembly eccentricity.

[0074] When the transmission clearance characteristic increases, it is determined that the clearance between the transmission pin and the shaft hole of the connecting rod assembly has increased.

[0075] III. Based on the timing correlation between the mechanical stop impact signal and the level transition signal, extract the common source features of the action timing, specifically including:

[0076] The first peak amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during the closing action and the time constant required for the vibration energy to decay to 1 / e of the peak value are extracted as contact stiffness characteristics of the contact.

[0077] Extract the transition time of the level transition signal, and calculate the time difference between the transition time and the peak time of the transient impact vibration waveform as the overtravel reduction feature;

[0078] The amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during opening and closing in the same operation is compared to obtain the impact symmetry characteristics of opening and closing.

[0079] The contact stiffness characteristics, overtravel reduction characteristics, and opening and closing impact symmetry characteristics together constitute the common characteristics of the action timing. Each characteristic in the common characteristics of the action timing is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value to perform contact contact and operating mechanism positioning performance diagnosis.

[0080] The specific diagnostic content includes:

[0081] When all three characteristics are normal, it is determined that the contact state of the contactor and the positioning performance of the operating mechanism are normal.

[0082] When only the contact stiffness characteristics of the contact point decrease, it is determined to be contact surface ablation or contact spring fatigue;

[0083] When only the overtravel reduction characteristic increases, it is determined that the overtravel reduction is caused by contact wear;

[0084] When the contact stiffness characteristics decrease and the overtravel reduction characteristics increase, it is judged as a combined degradation of severe contact ablation and overtravel reduction.

[0085] When the symmetry characteristic of the opening and closing impact deviates from the reference value, it is determined to be an asymmetry of the opening and closing impact, for example, there is contact welding or abnormality of the opening spring.

[0086] Example 3: The homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module also performs cross-component linkage analysis: Based on the cross-component timing correlation and force-displacement mapping relationship between at least two sets of features among the homogeneous features of the handle, the homogeneous features of the moving contact shaft, and the homogeneous features of the action timing, cross-component linkage analysis is performed to diagnose the coordination and cumulative transmission error of the entire transmission chain between the operating mechanism, the rotating support shaft of the moving contact, and the contact action chamber, specifically:

[0087] Synchronize the handle rotation angle signal and shaft angular displacement signal collected during the same operation process on the time axis, and extract the time difference between the starting moment of the operating handle shaft from rest to the starting moment of rotation and the starting moment of the moving contact rotating support shaft from rest to the starting moment of rotation as the transmission idle travel feature.

[0088] Extract the time difference between the moment when the handle operating torque signal reaches its peak torque and the moment when the transient impact vibration waveform reaches its peak amplitude, as a force-response delay feature;

[0089] The ratio of the total travel of the handle rotation angle signal to the total travel of the shaft angular displacement signal is used as a characteristic of the transmission ratio.

[0090] Transmission backlash characteristics, force-response delay characteristics, and transmission ratio characteristics together constitute cross-component linkage characteristics. Each characteristic in the cross-component linkage characteristics is compared with its corresponding preset linkage diagnostic benchmark value. Based on the coupling relationship of the comparison results, the coordination of the entire transmission chain and the cumulative transmission error between the operating mechanism and the rotating support shaft of the moving contact are diagnosed.

[0091] When all three characteristics are normal, the entire drivetrain is considered to be in good coordination.

[0092] When only the transmission idle characteristic increases, it is determined that the clearance between the transmission chain pin and the shaft hole has increased and the cumulative idle exceeds the limit.

[0093] When only the force-response delay characteristic increases, it is determined that there is elastic deformation or damping abnormality in the transmission chain;

[0094] When only the transmission ratio characteristic deviates from the reference value, it is determined that the geometry of the linkage mechanism has changed;

[0095] When both the transmission idle characteristic and the force-response delay characteristic increase, it is determined to be a composite degradation accompanied by increased transmission chain fit clearance, elastic deformation, or abnormal damping.

[0096] When the transmission idle characteristic increases and the transmission ratio characteristic deviates from the reference value, it is determined to be a composite degradation of the linkage mechanism with wear and changes in geometric dimensions.

[0097] When the force-response delay characteristic increases and the transmission ratio characteristic deviates from the reference value, it is determined to be a composite degradation of abnormal transmission chain elasticity / damping accompanied by changes in geometric dimensions.

[0098] When all three characteristics are abnormal, it is determined that the entire transmission chain is severely degraded and there is a risk of transmission failure.

[0099] The communication module is also used to connect the same feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module with the existing remote monitoring platform, and to upload all the above diagnostic results to the remote monitoring platform through IoT communication, as well as to receive configuration parameters issued by the remote monitoring platform. The remote monitoring platform is an IoT operation and maintenance platform deployed in the cloud, which is used to receive and display diagnostic results, and push early warning information to the operation and maintenance personnel's terminals according to preset early warning rules.

[0100] This solution involves comparisons of various preset values, benchmark values, or thresholds. These parameters are conventional system parameters that can be directly determined or automatically calibrated by those skilled in the art based on equipment models, technical specifications, and conventional engineering experience when implementing this technical solution. They do not constitute the core content of a creative contribution.

[0101] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto; any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concept, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology, characterized in that: The device includes a switchgear body, a distributed multi-source sensing and acquisition component, and a homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnostic module. The switchgear body includes an insulating shell, a contact action chamber disposed within the insulating shell, a moving contact, an auxiliary contact, a moving contact rotation support shaft, and an operating mechanism. The operating mechanism has an operating handle shaft. The moving contact rotation support shaft is used to drive the moving contact to perform opening and closing actions within the contact action chamber. The operating handle shaft and the moving contact rotation support shaft form a detachable linkage. The distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component includes: The contact shaft sensing sub-assembly is used to acquire shaft angular displacement signals and shaft vibration acceleration signals; The handle sensor sub-assembly is used to collect handle operating torque signals and handle rotation angle signals; The action timing sensing sub-component is used to collect the mechanical stop impact signal of the moving contact moving to the terminal position and the level transition signal of the auxiliary contact; The homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module is connected to the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component, and is used to receive all signals acquired and output by the distributed multi-source sensing acquisition component, and respectively: Based on the co-originating time sequence correlation of the shaft angular displacement signal and the shaft vibration acceleration signal, the co-originating characteristics of the moving contact shaft are extracted, and the performance diagnosis of the moving contact rotating support shaft and associated transmission is performed accordingly. Based on the homogeneous hysteresis correlation between the handle operating torque signal and the handle rotation angle signal, the homogeneous features of the handle are extracted, and the transmission performance of the handle shaft and linkage assembly is diagnosed accordingly. Based on the timing correlation between the mechanical stop impact signal and the level transition signal, the common source characteristics of the action timing are extracted, and the contact contact and operating mechanism positioning performance are diagnosed accordingly.

2. The multifunctional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact shaft sensing sub-assembly includes a moving contact rotation support shaft angular displacement sensing module and an acceleration sensing module; The sensing direction of the moving contact rotary support shaft angular displacement sensing module is toward the moving contact rotary support shaft, and it cooperates with the first permanent magnet target pre-installed at the end of the moving contact rotary support shaft to collect the shaft angular displacement signal of the moving contact rotary support shaft in a non-contact manner. The sensing surface of the acceleration sensing module is in close contact with the outer wall of the bearing seat of the rotating support shaft of the moving contact, and the vibration acceleration signal of the shaft during the opening and closing operation is acquired through physical contact.

3. The multifunctional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The handle sensing sub-assembly includes a torque sensing module and a handle shaft angle sensing module. The torque sensing module acquires the handle operating torque signal during the manual opening and closing operation in a non-intrusive manner. The handle shaft angle sensing module senses the direction of the handle shaft and cooperates with a second permanent magnet target pre-installed on the end of the handle shaft to acquire the handle rotation angle signal in a non-contact manner.

4. The multifunctional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: The action timing sensing sub-component includes a terminal impact vibration sensing module and an auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module. The terminal impact vibration sensing module is installed inside an insulating housing and is used to collect the transient impact vibration waveforms generated when the moving contact impacts the stationary contact in the contact action chamber when it is closed and when it impacts the terminal limit part of the housing when it is open, so as to constitute the mechanical stop impact signal. The auxiliary contact voltage acquisition module is connected in parallel across the two ends of the auxiliary contact and is used to collect the level transition signal of the voltage across the two ends of the auxiliary contact.

5. A multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The extraction process of the homologous features of the moving contact axis includes: The first derivative of the shaft angular displacement signal with respect to time is obtained to get the angular velocity curve of the moving contact shaft. The variance of the angular velocity values ​​at each time point on the curve is calculated to obtain the shaft rotational smoothness characteristics. The shaft vibration acceleration signal is subjected to spectrum analysis to extract the high-frequency spectrum energy as the bearing impact energy characteristics. The moving contact shaft angular velocity curve and the bearing impact energy characteristics are aligned on the time axis, and the temporal correlation between the two is calculated to obtain the temporal coupling characteristics. The shaft rotation smoothness characteristics, bearing impact energy characteristics, and timing coupling characteristics together constitute the moving contact shaft homogeneity characteristics. Within a preset maintenance time, each characteristic in the moving contact shaft homogeneity characteristics is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the moving contact rotation support shaft and associated transmission performance diagnosis are performed accordingly.

6. A multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The extraction process of the handle homology features includes: During a complete opening and closing operation, the handle operating torque signal and handle rotation angle signal in the same manual operation process are aligned on the time axis, and the operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve is constructed with the handle rotation angle as the horizontal axis and the handle operating torque as the vertical axis. Calculate the enclosing area of ​​the hysteresis curve to obtain the friction energy dissipation characteristics; divide the operating torque-handle angle hysteresis curve into closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment according to the closing and opening action directions, calculate the enclosing area of ​​the corresponding closing stroke segment and opening stroke segment of the hysteresis curve respectively, and use the ratio of the two enclosing areas as the bidirectional action consistency characteristics; calculate the first derivative of the torque with respect to the angle at each point on the hysteresis curve, and use the continuous segment where the absolute value of the derivative is less than the preset slope threshold as the plateau segment, and use the angular span length of the plateau segment as the transmission clearance characteristics; The friction energy dissipation characteristics, bidirectional motion consistency characteristics, and transmission clearance characteristics together constitute the handle homogeneous characteristics; each characteristic in the handle homogeneous characteristics is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the transmission performance diagnosis of the handle shaft and linkage assembly is performed based on the comparison results.

7. A multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The extraction process of the temporal homology features of the actions includes: The first peak amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during the closing action and the time constant required for the vibration energy to decay to 1 / e of the peak value are extracted as contact stiffness characteristics of the contact. Extract the transition time of the level transition signal, and calculate the time difference between the transition time and the peak time of the transient impact vibration waveform as the overtravel reduction feature; The amplitude of the transient impact vibration waveform during opening and closing in the same operation is compared to obtain the impact symmetry characteristics of opening and closing. The contact stiffness characteristics, overtravel reduction characteristics, and opening / closing impact symmetry characteristics together constitute the same source characteristics of the action sequence; each feature in the same source characteristics of the action sequence is compared with its corresponding preset diagnostic benchmark value, and the contact contact and operating mechanism positioning performance diagnosis is performed according to the comparison results.

8. A multi-functional intelligent switchgear for an energy metering box based on Internet of Things technology as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The homogeneous feature extraction and coupling diagnosis module also performs cross-component linkage analysis: based on the cross-component timing correlation and force-displacement mapping relationship between at least two sets of features among the homogeneous features of the handle, the homogeneous features of the moving contact shaft, and the homogeneous features of the action timing, cross-component linkage analysis is performed to diagnose the coordination of the entire transmission chain and the cumulative transmission error between the operating mechanism, the rotating support shaft of the moving contact, and the contact action chamber.

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