Vehicle battery capacity estimation device and method thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a vehicle battery capacity estimation device and a method thereof. A device capable of improving the accuracy of battery capacity estimation to improve / reduce errors in state of health (SOH) diagnosis includes a voltage measurement device, a current measurement device, and a processor. The processor converts a first battery cell voltage measured after the completion of the initial charge / discharge of the battery into a first SOC, determines a cumulative current amount based on a battery charge / discharge current measured after the measurement of the first battery cell voltage, a battery cell balancing current, and a cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, converts a second battery cell voltage measured after the completion of the secondary charge / discharge of the battery into a second SOC, and determines a battery capacity based on a SOC variation amount corresponding to the first SOC and the second SOC and the cumulative current amount.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0050390, filed on April 17, 2025, with the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to a vehicle battery capacity estimation apparatus and method thereof, and more specifically, to techniques for improving the accuracy of battery capacity estimation to improve the diagnosis of errors in state of health (SOH). Background Technology

[0004] Portable electronic products, such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones, and with the development of electric vehicles, batteries (for energy storage), robots, satellites, etc., are increasingly used / required in various applications, such as for portable electronic products (such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones) and electric vehicles. High-performance batteries capable of repeated charging / discharging are needed.

[0005] Currently commercially available batteries include, for example, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Because they have virtually no memory effect, lithium batteries offer advantages such as more flexible charging / discharging, lower self-discharge rates, and higher energy density.

[0006] Because batteries degrade as they are repeatedly charged or discharged, it is absolutely necessary to estimate their capacity.

[0007] The current capacity compared to the battery's start of life (BOL) can be estimated in real time to estimate the battery's state of health (SOH). Available capacity and energy, etc., can be calculated in response to / based on (e.g., using) the battery's SOH. The remaining battery life can be predicted based on the real-time estimated SOH.

[0008] However, estimating SOH based on the battery's current capacity and current consumption calculated solely using current values ​​measured by a current sensor reduces the accuracy of SOH estimation. Therefore, it may be impossible to accurately predict the battery's available energy and remaining life, and proper battery operation based on available energy / remaining life may not be possible.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure battery capacity to improve the accuracy of SOH estimation and to accurately predict the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0010] The descriptions in this background section are intended only to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission that they correspond to prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The following overview presents a simplified overview of some features. This overview is not exhaustive and is not intended to identify important or key elements.

[0012] Systems, apparatus / devices, and methods for battery capacity estimation are described. A battery management device may include: one or more voltage sensors configured to measure the voltage of each battery cell in a battery; a current sensor configured to measure the current applied to the battery; and processor circuitry configured to: receive from the one or more voltage sensors a first battery cell voltage measured after the completion of a first charge or first discharge of the battery; obtain a first state of charge (SOC) for each battery cell based on the converted first battery cell voltage; determine a cumulative current based on the battery's charging or discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, wherein each of the charging or discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the CMA current consumption is measured after the measurement of the first battery cell voltage; receive from the one or more voltage sensors a second battery cell voltage measured after the completion of a second charge or second discharge of the battery; obtain a second SOC for each battery cell based on the converted second battery cell voltage; determine the battery capacity based on the SOC change corresponding to the first and second SOCs and based on the cumulative current; and control battery usage based on the determined battery capacity.

[0013] A method performed by a battery management device may include: receiving, by a processor circuit of the battery management device, a first battery cell voltage of each battery cell measured after a first charge or first discharge of the battery is completed from one or more voltage sensors; obtaining a first state of charge (SOC) of each battery cell based on the converted first battery cell voltage; determining a cumulative current amount based on the battery's charging or discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the battery cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, wherein each of the charging or discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the CMA current consumption is measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured; receiving, from one or more voltage sensors, a second battery cell voltage of each battery cell measured after a second charge or second discharge of the battery is completed; obtaining a second SOC of each battery cell based on the converted second battery cell voltage; determining a battery capacity based on the SOC change corresponding to the first SOC and the second SOC, and based on the cumulative current amount; and controlling the use of the battery based on the determined battery capacity.

[0014] These and other features and advantages are described in more detail below. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a battery capacity estimation apparatus for estimating the battery capacity in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a vehicle battery capacity estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the battery capacity estimation process of a vehicle battery capacity estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a vehicle battery capacity estimation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the voltage of the first battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the voltage of the second battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of calculating cumulative current according to an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 8 A computing system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0016] In the following, some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary accompanying drawings. When adding reference numerals to components in the various drawings, it should be noted that the same components are indicated by the same numerals, even if they are shown in other drawings. Furthermore, in describing embodiments of the present disclosure, if a detailed description of a well-known feature or function would obscure the essential points of the disclosure, such description will be omitted.

[0017] In describing the components of embodiments of this disclosure, terms such as first, second, "A", "B", (a), (b), etc., may be used. These terms are used only to distinguish one component from another and do not limit the corresponding components, nor are they related to the order or priority of the corresponding components. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Such terms, as defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having the meaning equivalent to their contextual meaning in the relevant field and should not be interpreted as having an ideal or overly formal meaning unless explicitly defined as having an ideal or overly formal meaning in this application.

[0018] For the purposes of this application and claims, the exemplary phrases “at least one: A; B; or C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” are used, which means “at least one A, or at least one B, or at least one C, or any combination of at least one A, at least one B, and at least one C.” Furthermore, as used herein, exemplary phrases such as “A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “at least one of A, B, or C,” etc., may represent each listed item or all possible combinations of listed items. For example, “at least one of A or B” may refer to (1) at least one A; (2) at least one B; or (3) at least one A and at least one B. “One or more” is synonymous with “at least one” herein.

[0019] Expressions such as “including,” “may include,” “contain,” “may contain,” “have,” and “may have” as used herein are intended to indicate the presence of features (e.g., functions, operations, components, etc.) and do not exclude the presence of other additional features. That is, these expressions should be understood as open-ended terms that include the possibility that other examples may be included.

[0020] Unless the context otherwise indicates, the singular expressions used herein may include the meaning of the plural, and this also applies to the singular expressions described in the claims.

[0021] In this disclosure, a "module" or "unit" or one or more control devices (e.g., controllers, control units, etc.) may be implemented as a processor and memory. "Processor" should be broadly interpreted to include general-purpose processors, central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontrollers, state machines, etc. In some contexts, "processor" may refer to application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0022] As used herein, the expression “based on” is intended to describe one or more factors that influence the behavior or action of a determination or decision described in a phrase or sentence that includes the expression, and the expression does not exclude any additional factors that influence the behavior or action of a determination or decision.

[0023] When a component (e.g., a first component) as used herein is described as being “connected” or “coupled” to another component (e.g., a second component), it may mean that the component is not only directly connected or coupled to the other component, but also connected or coupled through yet another component (e.g., a third component).

[0024] Depending on the context, the expression “configured to” as used herein can have meanings such as “set up,” “have the ability to,” “modify to,” “make,” “be able to,” etc. The expression is not limited to the meaning of “specifically designed in hardware.” For example, a processor configured to perform a particular operation can refer to a general-purpose processor capable of performing a particular operation by executing software, or to a special-purpose computer constructed by programming to perform a particular operation.

[0025] In the following text, reference will be made to Figures 1 to 8 The embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating a battery capacity estimation apparatus for estimating the battery capacity in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can estimate the capacity of the battery 100 used in the vehicle 10 (e.g., installed in the vehicle 10).

[0028] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 disclosed herein can calculate battery capacity based on accumulated current. The accumulated current can be determined / calculated based on (e.g., by addition, summation, and / or combination) the charging / discharging current of battery 100, the battery cell balancing current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly (CMA). The battery cell module assembly may include a battery module comprising multiple battery cells (e.g., a battery cell stack).

[0029] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can obtain a first state of charge (SOC) for each battery cell based on the first cell voltage of each battery cell measured after the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is completed. For example, the first cell voltage of each battery cell can be measured after the battery has completed its first charge or discharge. The battery charging / discharging current, battery cell balancing current, and CMA current consumption measured after the first cell voltage are measured can be added together to determine / calculate the cumulative current. A second SOC for each battery cell can be obtained based on the second cell voltage of each battery cell measured after the second charge / discharge of the battery. The battery capacity can be determined / calculated based on the SOC change and cumulative current corresponding to the first and second SOCs.

[0030] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 disclosed herein can check / determine whether the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is complete. If / when the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is complete (based on the completion of the initial charge / discharge), a first battery cell voltage measured after the completion of the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 can be obtained, and the obtained first battery cell voltage can be converted into a first SOC.

[0031] To obtain / determine the first battery cell voltage, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can check whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is completed. The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can obtain and / or receive the first battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed (e.g., from a voltage measuring device / voltage sensor). If the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / when the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, the first battery cell voltage can be measured and / or transmitted (e.g., based on the elapsed time, the first battery cell voltage can be measured and transmitted to the device 200).

[0032] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can obtain the battery charging / discharging current measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured (e.g., based on the measured first battery cell voltage and / or based on the received first battery cell voltage). The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can use the first battery cell voltage to determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current. The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current and CMA current consumption after the time point when the first battery cell voltage was measured (e.g., based on the received first battery cell voltage and / or based on past time), and can add the determined / calculated average charging / discharging current, the determined / calculated battery cell balance current, and the determined / calculated CMA current consumption to determine / calculate the cumulative current.

[0033] In order to determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current at each specific time (or predetermined time) based on the measured battery charging / discharging current.

[0034] When determining / calculating the battery cell balance current, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current based on the average voltage at each specific time, the battery cell balance resistance, and the balance duty cycle.

[0035] When determining / calculating CMA current consumption, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can obtain current consumption values ​​related to the sensor specifications of the voltage measuring device / the current consumption values ​​associated with the sensor specifications, and can determine / calculate CMA current consumption based on the sensor specifications / the current consumption values ​​associated with the sensor specifications and the operating time of the battery management system (BMS). The operating time of the BMS can refer to the time period during which the BMS is in operation.

[0036] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 disclosed herein can check / determine whether the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete. If the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete, or after the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete, or when the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete, a second battery cell voltage measured after the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete can be obtained, and the obtained second battery cell voltage can be converted into a second SOC.

[0037] When obtaining the second battery cell voltage, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can check whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the second charge / discharge of the battery 100 is completed, and can obtain the second battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed (e.g., when the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed).

[0038] Next, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure can determine / calculate the change in SOC based on the first SOC and the second SOC; obtain the initial capacity value of the battery 100; and determine / calculate the battery capacity based on the change in SOC, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value.

[0039] Thus, this technology can determine / calculate battery capacity based on the cumulative current determined / calculated by adding the battery charging / discharging current, battery cell balancing current, and CMA current consumption, thereby accurately measuring battery capacity, improving the accuracy of SOH estimation, and accurately predicting the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a vehicle battery capacity estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 of this disclosure may include a voltage measuring device 210 for measuring the voltage of each battery cell of the battery 100, a current measuring device 220 for measuring the current applied to the battery 100, and a processor 230 for determining / calculating the battery capacity based on the measured voltage and current.

[0042] For example, processor 230 can convert the first battery cell voltage measured after the initial charge / discharge of battery 100 is completed into a first SOC; it can add the battery charging / discharging current, battery cell balancing current, and CMA current consumption (e.g., measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured) to determine / calculate the cumulative current; it can convert the second battery cell voltage measured after the second charge / discharge of battery 100 into a second SOC; and it can determine / calculate the battery capacity based on the SOC change and cumulative current corresponding to the first SOC and the second SOC.

[0043] When converting the first battery cell voltage to the first SOC, the processor 230 can check whether the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is complete. If the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is complete, the processor 230 can obtain the first battery cell voltage measured after the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 is complete from the voltage measuring device 210, and can convert the obtained first battery cell voltage to the first SOC.

[0044] When obtaining the first battery cell voltage, the processor 230 can check whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed since the initial charge / discharge of the battery 100 was completed. If the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, or after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, the processor 230 can obtain the first battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed from the voltage measuring device 210.

[0045] If / when the predetermined stabilization time is approximately 2 hours, the processor 230 can obtain the first battery cell voltage measured after approximately 2 hours from the voltage measuring device 210.

[0046] If / when approximately 2 hours have passed since the predetermined stabilization time, the processor 230 can identify the time elapsed since the battery 100 recovered its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0047] When converting the first battery cell voltage to the first SOC, the processor 230 can check the first SOC of each battery cell based on the first battery cell voltage via a previously stored SOC-OCV table, and can convert the first battery cell voltage to the first SOC.

[0048] When determining / calculating the cumulative current, the processor 230 can obtain / receive the battery charging / discharging current measured after the time point when the first battery cell voltage is measured from the current measuring device 220 to determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current; it can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current and CMA current consumption after the time point when the first battery cell voltage is measured; and it can add the determined / calculated average charging / discharging current, the determined / calculated battery cell balance current, and the determined / calculated CMA current consumption to determine / calculate the cumulative current.

[0049] When determining / calculating the average charging / discharging current, the processor 230 can determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current for each specific time period based on the battery charging / discharging current measured from the current measuring device 220.

[0050] As an example, processor 230 can determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current per second or the average charging / discharging current per 100 ms based on the battery charging / discharging current measured from current measuring device 220.

[0051] When determining / calculating the battery cell balance current, the processor 230 can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current based on the average voltage at each specific time, the battery cell balance resistance, and the balance duty cycle.

[0052] When determining / calculating the battery cell balance current, the processor 230 can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current based on the formula consisting of battery cell balance current = average voltage at a specific time / (battery cell balance resistance × balance duty cycle).

[0053] As an example, the average voltage at a specific time can be the average voltage per second or the average voltage per 100 ms.

[0054] When determining / calculating the battery cell balance current, the processor 230 can determine / calculate the battery cell balance current and simultaneously perform the cell balancing function of the battery 100.

[0055] When determining / calculating CMA current consumption, processor 230 can obtain current consumption values ​​related to the sensor specifications of voltage measurement device 210 and the current consumption values ​​associated with the sensor specifications, and can determine / calculate CMA current consumption based on the sensor specifications and the current consumption values ​​associated with the sensor specifications and the operating time of the battery management system (BMS).

[0056] When determining / calculating CMA current consumption, processor 230 can determine / calculate CMA current consumption based on the formula consisting of CMA current consumption = BMS operating time × current consumption value associated with sensor specification / sensor specification.

[0057] As an example, CMA current consumption may include the current value consumed by the voltage measurement sensor of voltage measurement device 210.

[0058] When converting the second battery cell voltage to the second SOC, the processor 230 can check / determine whether the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete. If the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete, or after the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete, the processor 230 can obtain / receive the second battery cell voltage measured after the secondary charging / discharging of the battery 100 is complete from the voltage measuring device 210, and can convert the second battery cell voltage to the second SOC.

[0059] When obtaining / receiving the second battery cell voltage, the processor 230 can check / determine whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the second charge / discharge of the battery 100 is completed, and can obtain / receive the second battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed from the voltage measuring device 210 (e.g., if the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / when the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed).

[0060] As an example, if / when the predetermined stabilization time is about 2 hours, the processor 230 can obtain the voltage of the second battery cell measured after about 2 hours from the voltage measuring device 210.

[0061] If approximately 2 hours have passed since the scheduled stabilization period, the processor 230 can identify the time elapsed since the battery 100 recovered its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0062] When converting the second battery cell voltage to the second SOC, the processor 230 can check the second SOC of each battery cell based on the second battery cell voltage (e.g., via a stored SOC-OCV table) and can convert the second battery cell voltage to the second SOC.

[0063] When determining / calculating battery capacity, processor 230 can determine / calculate the change in SOC based on a first SOC and a second SOC; can obtain / receive the initial capacity value of battery 100; and can determine / calculate battery capacity based on the change in SOC, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value.

[0064] When determining / calculating battery capacity, processor 230 can base it on the battery capacity [%] = { i / (△SOC×Capacity init )}×100[%]={ i / (|SOC2-SOC1|×Capacity init The formula consisting of ΔSOC × 100[%] is used to determine / calculate battery capacity (where ΔSOC is the change in SOC, SOC1 is the first SOC, SOC2 is the second SOC, and Capacity is the second SOC). init (This is the initial capacity value).

[0065] When determining / calculating the battery capacity, if / when the battery capacity value is greater than 100 (for example, as a result of determining / calculating the battery capacity), the processor 230 may perform a saturation process to bring the battery capacity value greater than 100 down to 100.

[0066] When determining / calculating the battery capacity, and if / when the estimated state of health (SOH) value based on the result of determining / calculating the battery capacity meets the end-of-life (EOL) condition of battery 100 (e.g., less than the battery's EOL threshold), processor 230 may limit the additional use of battery 100. As an example, the EOL condition of battery 100 may include less than about 70%.

[0067] For example, if there is approximately 100 mA of cell balance current and approximately 10 μA of CMA current consumption in a 100 Ah battery, the current consumption of the cell balance current portion and the CMA current consumption portion may not be measurable by the current sensor. If the current of both portions is omitted over a period of approximately 10 hours, it will increase the SOH error by approximately 1%.

[0068] Therefore, this technology can determine / calculate the current consumption of the battery cell balance current portion and the CMA current consumption portion, and can determine / calculate the battery capacity based on the cumulative current amount determined / calculated by adding the battery charging / discharging current, the battery cell balance current and the CMA current consumption to accurately measure the battery capacity, thereby improving the accuracy of SOH estimation and accurately predicting the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0069] Processor 230 can control battery use based on the battery capacity determined as disclosed herein and / or the State of Health (SOH) determined based on the battery capacity disclosed herein. For example, processor 230 can control one or more of the battery's discharge and charge operations based on the battery capacity and / or SOH. For example, processor 230 can limit / reduce / stop / turn off battery charging or discharging based on the battery capacity meeting one or more conditions (such as the EOL condition discussed herein). Processor 230 can adjust / select one or more thresholds for charging or discharging the battery based on the battery capacity and / or SOH (e.g., reducing charge / discharge cycles, etc., if the battery capacity is below a threshold). Processor 230 can control the use of the battery by one or more devices associated with the battery (e.g., powered by the battery) based on the battery capacity and / or SOH. For example, processor 230 can control one or more devices using the battery to stop / reduce battery use and / or switch to battery-saving mode based on the SOH and / or battery capacity meeting one or more conditions (such as the EOL condition). Processor 230 can control (e.g., allow and / or limit) based on the SOH and / or battery capacity.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the battery capacity estimation process of a vehicle battery capacity estimation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can convert the first battery cell voltage measured after the first charge / discharge of the battery into a first SOC (232).

[0072] It can be determined / checked whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the initial charge / discharge of battery 100 is completed. If / when the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, the first battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed can be obtained / received.

[0073] As an example, the predetermined stabilization time can be approximately 2 hours or the time it takes for the battery to recover its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0074] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can check the first SOC of each battery cell based on the first battery cell voltage via a previously stored SOC-OCV table, and can convert the first battery cell voltage into the first SOC.

[0075] The battery charging / discharging current (234) measured after the time point when the first battery cell voltage is measured can be obtained. The battery charging / discharging current can be used to determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current, the battery cell balance current and CMA current consumption after the time point when the first battery cell voltage is measured can be determined / calculated, and the determined / calculated average charging / discharging current, the determined / calculated battery cell balance current and the determined / calculated CMA current consumption can be added to determine / calculate the cumulative current.

[0076] The average charge / discharge current per second or per 100 ms can be determined / calculated based on the measured battery charge / discharge current.

[0077] Furthermore, this disclosure allows for the determination / calculation of the battery cell balance current based on the formula consisting of: battery cell balance current = average voltage at each specific time / (battery cell balance resistance × balance duty cycle).

[0078] Here, the average voltage at a specific time can be the average voltage per second or the average voltage per 100 ms.

[0079] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can determine / calculate the CMA current consumption based on the formula consisting of CMA current consumption = BMS operating time × current consumption value associated with sensor specifications / sensor specifications.

[0080] Here, CMA current consumption may include the current consumed by the voltage measurement sensor.

[0081] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can check whether the secondary charge / discharge of the battery is completed; if the secondary charge / discharge of the battery is completed / after the secondary charge / discharge of the battery is completed / when the secondary charge / discharge of the battery is completed, the second battery cell voltage measured after the secondary charge / discharge of the battery is completed can be obtained, and the obtained second battery cell voltage can be converted into a second SOC (236).

[0082] It can be determined / checked whether a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the battery's second charge / discharge is completed, and if the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed / when the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, the second battery cell voltage measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed can be obtained.

[0083] As an example, the predetermined stabilization time can be approximately 2 hours or the time it takes for the battery to recover its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0084] In addition, the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can check the second SOC of each battery cell based on the second battery cell voltage via a previously stored SOC-OCV table, and can convert the second battery cell voltage into the second SOC.

[0085] The vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can be based on the battery capacity [%] = { i / (△SOC×Capacity init )}×100[%]={ i / (|SOC2-SOC1|×Capacity init The formula consisting of ΔSOC × 100[%] is used to determine / calculate battery capacity (where ΔSOC is the change in SOC, SOC1 is the first SOC, SOC2 is the second SOC, and Capacity is the second SOC). init (This is the initial capacity value) (238).

[0086] If the battery capacity value is greater than 100, a saturation process can be performed on the battery capacity value greater than 100 to set the battery capacity value to 100.

[0087] If the estimated state of health (SOH) value based on the calculated battery capacity is less than the end-of-life (EOL) condition of the battery, the additional use of the battery can be limited (e.g., the disclosed vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200 can limit battery use / reduce battery use by sending one or more signals / instructions to reduce battery use).

[0088] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a vehicle battery capacity estimation method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the voltage of the first battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of obtaining the voltage of the second battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining / calculating the cumulative current according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0089] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, it is possible (e.g., via a vehicle battery capacity estimation device) to check / determine whether the initial charge / discharge of the battery is complete (S110).

[0090] If / when the initial charge / discharge of the battery is completed, (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) the first battery cell voltage measured after the initial charge / discharge of the battery is completed can be received / obtained (S120).

[0091] Here, as Figure 5As shown, after the initial charge / discharge of the battery is completed (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200), it can be checked / determined whether a first stabilization time has been set (S122). If / when a first stabilization time has been set, it can be checked / determined (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) whether the set first stabilization time has passed (S124). If / when the set first stabilization time has passed, it can be obtained / received (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) the first battery cell voltage measured by the voltage sensor after the first stabilization time has passed (S126).

[0092] As an example, the first stabilization time can be about 2 hours or the time it takes for the battery to recover its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0093] The obtained first battery cell voltage can be converted into a first SOC (S130) (e.g., via vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200).

[0094] The first SOC of each battery cell can be checked / determined based on the first battery cell voltage via a previously stored SOC-OCV table, and the first battery cell voltage can be converted into the first SOC (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200).

[0095] The cumulative current can be determined / calculated by adding the battery charging / discharging current, battery cell balancing current and CMA current consumption measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured (e.g., by vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200).

[0096] like Figure 7 As shown, the battery charging / discharging current measured after the time point when the first battery cell voltage is measured can be obtained / received (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) to determine / calculate the average charging / discharging current (S142). After measuring the first battery cell voltage, the battery cell balance current can be determined / calculated (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) (S144). After measuring the first battery cell voltage, the CMA current consumption can be determined / calculated (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) (S146). The average charging / discharging current, the battery cell balance current, and the CMA current consumption can be added / combined to determine / calculate the cumulative current (S148).

[0097] As an example, when determining / calculating the average charging / discharging current (S142), the average charging / discharging current for each specific time period can be determined / calculated based on the measured battery charging / discharging current.

[0098] Furthermore, when determining / calculating the battery cell balance current, the battery cell balance current can be determined / calculated based on the average voltage at each specific time, the battery cell balance resistance, and the balance duty cycle.

[0099] When determining / calculating CMA current consumption, the current consumption value for voltage measurement sensor specifications and CMA current consumption can be determined / calculated based on the current consumption value associated with the voltage measurement sensor specifications and the operating time of the battery management system (BMS).

[0100] It is possible (e.g., via vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) to check / determine whether the secondary charging / discharging of the battery is complete (S150).

[0101] When / if the second charge / discharge of the battery is completed, the second battery cell voltage measured after the second charge / discharge of the battery is completed can be obtained / received (S160).

[0102] like Figure 6 As shown, it can be determined whether a second stabilization time has been set after the battery's second charge / discharge is completed (S162). If a second stabilization time has been set, it can be checked / determined (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) whether the set second stabilization time has passed (S164). If the set second stabilization time has passed, the second battery cell voltage measured by the voltage sensor after the second stabilization time has passed can be obtained / received (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) (S166).

[0103] As an example, the second stabilization time could be approximately 2 hours or the time it takes for the battery to recover its open-circuit voltage (OCV).

[0104] Next, the obtained second battery cell voltage can be converted into a second SOC (S170) (for example, by the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200).

[0105] The second SOC of each battery cell can be checked / determined based on the second battery cell voltage via a previously stored SOC-OCV table, and the second battery cell voltage can be converted into the second SOC.

[0106] The battery capacity can be calculated / determined (e.g., by vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) based on the change in SOC and the cumulative current corresponding to the first SOC and the second SOC (S180).

[0107] The change in SOC can be determined / calculated based on a first SOC and a second SOC (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200). The initial capacity value of the battery can be obtained / received (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200). The battery capacity can be calculated / determined based on the change in SOC, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value (e.g., via the vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200).

[0108] As an example, battery capacity can be based on a formula including battery capacity [%] = { i / (△SOC×Capacity init )}×100[%]={ i / (|SOC2-SOC1|×Capacity init The formula )}×100[%] is used to calculate / determine (here, △SOC is the change in SOC, SOC1 is the first SOC, SOC2 is the second SOC, and Capacity) init (This is the initial capacity value).

[0109] As disclosed herein, battery capacity can be calculated / determined (e.g., via vehicle battery capacity estimation device 200) based on the cumulative current determined / calculated by adding the battery charging / discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the CMA current consumption. This disclosure allows for accurate measurement of battery capacity, thereby improving the accuracy of SOH estimation and accurately predicting the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0110] According to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the automation levels of autonomous vehicles can be classified as follows: At Level 0, the SAE classification corresponds to "No Automation," where the autonomous driving system intervenes only temporarily in emergency situations (e.g., automatic emergency braking) and / or only provides warnings (e.g., blind spot warning, lane departure warning, etc.), and expects the driver to operate the vehicle. At Level 1, the SAE classification corresponds to "Driver Assistance," where the system performs some driving functions (e.g., steering, acceleration, braking, lane centering, adaptive cruise control, etc.) when the driver operates the vehicle in normal operating conditions, and expects the driver to determine the system's operating status and / or timing, perform other driving functions, and handle (e.g., resolve) emergency situations. At Level 2, the SAE classification corresponds to "Partial Automation," where the system performs steering, acceleration, and / or braking under driver supervision, and expects the driver to determine the system's operating status and / or timing, perform other driving functions, and handle (e.g., resolve) emergency situations. At Level 3 of Automated Driving, the SAE classification standard can correspond to "Conditional Automation," where the system drives the vehicle under limited conditions (e.g., performing driving functions such as steering, acceleration, and / or braking), but when the required conditions are not met, it transfers driving control to the driver, expecting the driver to determine the system's operating state and / or timing, and to take over control in emergency situations without performing other vehicle operations (e.g., steering, acceleration, and / or braking). At Level 4 of Automated Driving, the SAE classification standard can correspond to "High Automation," where the system performs all driving functions and expects the driver to control the vehicle only in emergency situations. At Level 5 of Automated Driving, the SAE classification standard can correspond to "Full Automation," where the system performs all driving functions without any assistance from the driver, including in emergency situations, and expects the driver to perform any driving functions other than determining the system's operating state.

[0111] While this disclosure applies the SAE classification standard to autonomous driving classification, other classification methods and / or algorithms can be used in one or more configurations described herein. One or more features associated with autonomous driving control can be activated based on configured autonomous driving control settings (e.g., based on at least one of autonomous driving classification, selection of the vehicle's autonomous driving level, etc.). Based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), the operation of the vehicle can be controlled.

[0112] Vehicle control can include various operational controls associated with the vehicle (e.g., autonomous driving control, sensor control, braking control, braking time control, acceleration control, acceleration rate of change control, warning time control, forward collision warning time control, etc.). For example, based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), one or more auxiliary devices (e.g., engine braking, exhaust braking, hydraulic decelerator, electric decelerator, regenerative braking, etc.) can also be controlled.

[0113] For example, based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), one or more communication devices (e.g., modems, network adapters, radio transceivers, antennas, etc., capable of communicating via one or more wired or wireless communication protocols such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth, Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G New Radio (NR), Vehicle to Everything (V2X), etc.) can also be controlled.

[0114] For example, based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), minimum risk maneuvering (MRM) operations can also be controlled. Minimum risk maneuvering operations (e.g., minimum risk maneuvering, lowest risk maneuvering) can be vehicle maneuvers aimed at minimizing (e.g., reducing) the risk of collisions with surrounding vehicles to achieve a reduced (e.g., minimum) risk state. Minimum risk maneuvering can be an operation activated during autonomous driving when the driver is unable to respond to an intervention request. During minimum risk maneuvering, one or more processors in the vehicle can control the duration of the vehicle's driving operations. For example, based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), bias driving operations can also be controlled.

[0115] The driving control unit can perform offset driving control. To perform offset driving, the driving control unit controls the vehicle to travel within the lane by maintaining a lateral distance between the vehicle's center position and the lane center. For example, the driving control unit can control the vehicle to remain within the lane, but not in the lane center. The driving control unit can identify or determine a target lateral distance for offset driving control. For example, the target lateral distance may include an intentionally adjusted lateral distance that the vehicle can maintain from a reference point (such as the center of the lane or another vehicle) during maneuvers such as lane changes. This adjustment can be made to improve the vehicle's stability, safety, and / or performance under changing driving conditions. For example, during lane changes, taking into account factors such as vehicle speed, road conditions, and / or the presence of obstacles, the driving control system can offset the lateral distance to maintain a safer clearance from adjacent vehicles. For example, based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.), one or more sensors (e.g., IMU sensors, cameras, LiDAR, RADAR, blind spot monitoring sensors, lane departure warning sensors, parking sensors, light sensors, rain sensors, traction control sensors, anti-lock braking system sensors, tire pressure monitoring sensors, seat belt sensors, airbag sensors, fuel sensors, emission sensors, throttle position sensors, inverters, converters, motor controllers, power distribution units, high-voltage wiring and connectors, auxiliary power modules, charging interfaces, etc.) can also be controlled.

[0116] Operational control for autonomous driving of a vehicle can include various driving controls of the vehicle by the vehicle control unit (e.g., acceleration, deceleration, steering control, gear shifting control, braking system control, traction control, stability control, cruise control, lane keeping assist control, collision avoidance system control, emergency braking assist control, traffic sign recognition control, adaptive headlight control, etc.). Autonomous driving activation / deactivation can also be controlled based on one or more features described herein (e.g., battery cell capacity estimation, battery cell management, etc.).

[0117] The driving control unit can perform autonomous driving level control (e.g., change the level of autonomous driving, change the required user attention, etc.) or cause the deactivation of autonomous driving operation. For example, by changing the required user attention, the driver can be instructed to place his / her hands on the steering wheel more frequently (e.g., at least once within a threshold time period (e.g., 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.)). By changing the required user attention, the driver can be instructed to look forward more frequently (e.g., at least once within a threshold time period (e.g., 5 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.)). By changing the level of autonomous driving, one or more video contents may not be displayed on the vehicle's displays.

[0118] Figure 8 A computing system for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0119] refer to Figure 8 The computing system 1000 may include at least one processor 1100, a memory 1300, a user interface input device 1400, a user interface output device 1500, a storage device 1600, and a network interface 1700 interconnected via a bus 1200. The user interface (e.g., the user interface input device 1400 / user interface output device 1500, etc.) can be a device through which a human user can interact with the device. The user interface may include input interfaces capable of receiving input from a human user (e.g., the user interface input device 1400) and / or output interfaces capable of outputting data or information to a human user. Input interfaces may include, for example, buttons, knobs, toggle switches, switches, dial pads, sliders, keyboards, touchscreens, microphones, cameras, wheels, pedals, levers, etc. Output interfaces (e.g., the user interface output device 1500) may include, for example, lights, lamps, indicators, screens, displays, consoles, dashboards, instrument panels, speakers, etc.

[0120] Processor 1100 may include one or more processors (e.g., central processing unit (CPU) and / or semiconductor devices) that process instructions stored in memory 1300 and / or storage device 1600. For example, processor 1100 may include a processor, microprocessor, graphics processing unit, logic circuitry, application-specific circuitry, application-specific integrated circuit, programmable logic array, field-programmable gate array, controller, microcontroller, and / or other suitable hardware. Memory 1300 and / or storage device 1600 may include various types of volatile or non-volatile storage media, such as one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media, such as random access memory, read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, flash memory / other memory devices, data registry, database, and / or other suitable hardware. One or more storage type media may include any or all of the tangible memory or associated modules of a computer, processor, etc., such as various semiconductor memories, tape drives, disk drives, etc., which can provide non-transitory storage for software programming at any time. For example, memory 1300 may include read-only memory (ROM) 1310 and random access memory (RAM) 1320.

[0121] Therefore, the operation of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this specification can be directly implemented using hardware modules, software modules, or a combination of hardware and software modules that can be executed by processor 1100. Software modules can reside on storage media such as RAM, flash memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, and CD-ROMs (i.e., memory 1300 and / or storage device 1600).

[0122] The storage medium can be coupled to the processor 1100. The processor 1100 can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium can be integrated with the processor 1100. The processor and storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC can reside within the user terminal. In another case, the processor and storage medium can reside as separate components in the user terminal.

[0123] This disclosure provides a vehicle battery capacity estimation device and method. The vehicle battery capacity estimation device is used to calculate the battery capacity based on the cumulative current determined / calculated by summing the battery charging / discharging current, the battery cell balance current and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly (CMA) to accurately measure the battery capacity, thereby improving the accuracy of SOH estimation and accurately predicting the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0124] The technical problems to be solved by this disclosure are not limited to those described above, and any other technical problems not mentioned herein will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

[0125] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle battery capacity estimation device may include: a voltage measuring device for measuring the voltage of each battery cell in the battery; a current measuring device for measuring the current applied to the battery; and a processor for determining the battery capacity based on the measured voltage and the measured current. The processor may convert a first battery cell voltage measured after the initial charge / discharge of the battery into a first State of Charge (SOC); may determine a cumulative current based on the battery charge / discharge current, the battery cell balancing current, and the battery cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, each of which is measured after the first battery cell voltage; may convert a second battery cell voltage measured after a second charge / discharge of the battery into a second SOC; and may determine the battery capacity based on the SOC change and cumulative current corresponding to the first and second SOCs.

[0126] In the example, the processor can calculate the average charge / discharge current by receiving the battery charge / discharge current measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured from the current measuring device; it can calculate the battery cell balance current and CMA current consumption after the first battery cell voltage is measured; and it can calculate the cumulative current by adding the determined / calculated average charge / discharge current, the determined / calculated battery cell balance current, and the determined / calculated CMA current consumption.

[0127] In the example, the processor can calculate the average charging / discharging current over a predetermined period of time based on the battery charging / discharging current measured by a current measuring device.

[0128] In the example, the processor can calculate the battery cell balancing current based on the average voltage over a predetermined period of time, the battery cell balancing resistance, and the balancing duty cycle.

[0129] In the example, the processor can obtain the current consumption value for the sensor specifications of the voltage measurement device, and can calculate the CMA current consumption based on the current consumption value for the sensor specifications and the runtime of the battery management system (BMS).

[0130] In the example, the processor can calculate the change in SOC based on the first SOC and the second SOC; obtain the initial capacity value of the battery; and calculate the battery capacity based on the change in SOC, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value.

[0131] A battery capacity estimation method for a vehicle battery capacity estimation device may include: converting a first battery cell voltage measured after the initial charge / discharge of the battery into a first SOC; determining a cumulative current based on the battery charging / discharging current, the battery cell balancing current, and the battery cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, each of which is measured after the first battery cell voltage is measured; converting a second battery cell voltage measured after the second charge / discharge of the battery into a second SOC, and determining the battery capacity based on the SOC change and cumulative current corresponding to the first and second SOCs.

[0132] This technology can determine / calculate battery capacity based on the cumulative current amount determined / calculated by adding the battery charging / discharging current, battery cell balancing current, and battery cell module assembly (CMA) current consumption, thereby accurately measuring battery capacity, improving the accuracy of SOH estimation, and accurately predicting the battery's available energy and remaining life.

[0133] In addition, various effects that can be directly or indirectly determined through this disclosure may be provided.

[0134] While this disclosure has been described above with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings, it is not limited thereto. Various modifications and alterations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure as claimed in the appended claims.

[0135] Therefore, the embodiments described herein are not intended to limit the technical spirit of this disclosure, but are provided for illustrative purposes only. The scope of this disclosure should be interpreted based on the appended claims, and all technical concepts within the scope of the claims should be included within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery management device, comprising: One or more voltage sensors are configured to measure the voltage of each battery cell in the battery; A current sensor is configured to measure the current applied to the battery; as well as The processor circuitry is configured as follows: Receive the first cell voltage of each battery cell after the first charge or first discharge of the battery is completed from the one or more voltage sensors; Based on the conversion of the voltage of the first battery cell, the first state of charge of each battery cell is obtained; The cumulative current is determined based on the charging or discharging current of the battery, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly, wherein each of the charging or discharging current, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly is measured after the voltage of the first battery cell is measured. Receive the second cell voltage of each battery cell from the one or more voltage sensors after the second charge or second discharge of the battery is completed; Based on the conversion of the second battery cell voltage, the second state of charge of each battery cell is obtained; The battery capacity is determined based on the change in state of charge corresponding to the first and second states of charge, and based on the accumulated current. The use of the battery is controlled based on the determined battery capacity.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: Based on the determination that the first charge or first discharge of the battery has been completed, the first battery cell voltage, measured after the completion of the first charge or first discharge of the battery, is received from the one or more voltage sensors; and The received voltage of the first battery cell is converted into the first state of charge, wherein the battery is a battery in a vehicle.

3. The battery management device according to claim 2, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: Further, based on determining that a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the completion of the first charge or first discharge of the battery, the voltage of the first battery cell measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed is received from the one or more voltage sensors.

4. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: The average charging current or average discharging current is determined based on the charging current or discharging current measured by the current sensor after measuring the voltage of the first battery cell. After measuring the voltage of the first battery cell, the balance current of the battery cell and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly are determined; and The cumulative current is determined based on the sum of the average charging current or average discharging current, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module components.

5. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: The average charging current or the average discharging current per predetermined time is determined based on the charging current or discharging current measured by the current sensor.

6. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: The battery cell balance current is further determined based on the average voltage over a predetermined period of time, the battery cell balance resistance, and the balance duty cycle.

7. The battery management device according to claim 4, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: Obtain the current consumption value of the one or more voltage sensors; and The current consumption of the battery cell module is determined based on the current consumption value and the operating time of the battery management system.

8. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: Based on the determination that the second charge or second discharge of the battery has been completed, the voltage of the second battery cell, measured after the completion of the second charge or second discharge of the battery, is received from the one or more voltage sensors; and The received voltage of the second battery cell is converted into the second state of charge.

9. The battery management device according to claim 8, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: Based on determining that a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the completion of the second charge or second discharge of the battery, the voltage of the second battery cell, measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, is received from the one or more voltage sensors.

10. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor circuit is configured as follows: The change in state of charge is determined based on the first state of charge and the second state of charge. Obtain the initial capacity value of the battery; and The battery capacity is determined based on the change in state of charge, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value.

11. A method performed by a battery management device, the method comprising: The processor circuit of the battery management device receives, from one or more voltage sensors, the first battery cell voltage of each battery cell after the first charge or first discharge of the battery is completed; Based on the conversion of the voltage of the first battery cell, the first state of charge of each battery cell is obtained; The cumulative current is determined based on the charging or discharging current of the battery, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly, wherein each of the charging or discharging current, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly is measured after the voltage of the first battery cell is measured. Receive the second cell voltage of each battery cell from the one or more voltage sensors after the second charge or second discharge of the battery is completed; Based on the conversion of the second battery cell voltage, the second state of charge of each battery cell is obtained; The battery capacity is determined based on the change in state of charge corresponding to the first and second states of charge, and based on the accumulated current. The use of the battery is controlled based on the determined battery capacity.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The process of obtaining the first state of charge of each battery cell includes: Based on determining that the first charge or first discharge of the battery has been completed, the first battery cell voltage, measured after the completion of the first charge or first discharge of the battery, is received from the one or more voltage sensors; and The voltage of the first battery cell is converted to the first state of charge.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, Receiving the voltage of the first battery cell includes: Further, based on determining that a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the completion of the first charge or first discharge of the battery, the voltage of the first battery cell measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed is received from the one or more voltage sensors.

14. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Determining the cumulative current includes: The average charging current or average discharging current is determined based on the charging current or discharging current measured by a current sensor after the voltage of the first battery cell is measured. After measuring the voltage of the first battery cell, the balance current of the battery cell and the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly are determined; and The cumulative current is determined based on the sum of the average charging current or average discharging current, the battery cell balance current, and the current consumption of the battery cell module components.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, Determining the average charging current or average discharging current includes: The average charging current or the average discharging current per predetermined time is determined based on the charging current or discharging current measured by the current sensor.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein, The battery cell balance current is further determined based on the average voltage over a predetermined time, the battery cell balance resistance, and the balance duty cycle.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein, Determining the current consumption of the battery cell module assembly includes: Obtain the current consumption value of the one or more voltage sensors; and The current consumption of the battery cell module is determined based on the current consumption value and the operating time of the battery management system.

18. The method according to claim 11, wherein, The process of obtaining the second state of charge for each battery cell includes: Based on the determination that the second charge or second discharge of the battery has been completed, the second battery cell voltage, measured after the completion of the second charge or second discharge of the battery, is received from the one or more voltage sensors; and The voltage of the second battery cell is converted to the second state of charge.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein, Receiving the voltage of the second battery cell includes: Based on determining that a predetermined stabilization time has elapsed after the completion of the second charge or second discharge of the battery, the voltage of the second battery cell, measured after the predetermined stabilization time has elapsed, is received from the one or more voltage sensors.

20. The method according to claim 11, wherein, Determining the battery capacity includes: The change in state of charge is determined based on the first state of charge and the second state of charge. Obtain the initial capacity value of the battery; and The battery capacity is determined based on the change in state of charge, the accumulated current, and the initial capacity value.

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