Battery cell testing method and apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a battery cell testing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium, which realizes accurate control of consistency difference type, degree and proportion by configuring test differences in the battery cell based on difference configuration data. Then, the small battery cells with differences are connected in parallel to form a test module simulating a target battery cell, which truly restores the actual state of different areas in the large battery cell working in parallel. Finally, test data is obtained through performance testing, and difference boundary data is determined based on the test data, so as to accurately calibrate the maximum allowed consistency difference boundary that guarantees the performance requirements of the battery cell. The method can calibrate the difference boundary data that guarantees the performance requirements of the battery cell, realize the breakthrough from qualitative judgment to quantitative definition, provide a scientific basis for the formulation of battery cell manufacturing standards and battery system design standards, and reduce the safety and life risk of the battery cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of performance testing technology, and in particular to a cell testing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] As the new energy industry continues to demand higher energy density from battery systems, power battery cells are rapidly developing towards larger capacity and larger size. In the energy storage field, the capacity of a single cell has exceeded 1000Ah, and in the new energy vehicle field, it has reached 300Ah or even 400Ah. Due to the influence of the production process and usage conditions, there will be inconsistencies within the cells, which can affect cell lifespan and safety.

[0003] Inconsistency variation refers to deviations in the uniformity and consistency of key parameters within a battery cell during manufacturing and use. Inconsistency variations within the cell lead to uneven current distribution, causing localized overcurrent in areas of low resistance. This accelerates the degradation of active materials in these areas, resulting in a rapid decline in the overall cell lifespan. More seriously, overcurrent areas are prone to increased polarization, leading to localized high temperatures. If these temperatures exceed the cell's safety limits, they can induce dangerous reactions such as lithium plating and electrolyte decomposition, potentially causing thermal runaway, fire, and other safety incidents.

[0004] Currently, although the industry has recognized the importance of consistency to cell performance, it is limited by research methods and cannot accurately define the boundary conditions of consistency differences. This results in a lack of scientific basis for the formulation of cell manufacturing standards and battery system design standards, posing risks to cell safety and lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this disclosure provides a cell testing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a cell testing method, the method comprising: Based on the differential configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first-capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. In response to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained; Based on the test module, cell performance is tested to obtain test data; Based on the test data, the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell are determined.

[0007] In some embodiments, the test differences include at least one of the following types: Production variations include deviations in cell electrode coating thickness, deviations in cell active material loading, or defects in cell electrodes. Differences in usage conditions, including deviations in cell operating temperature or cell assembly preload; The coupling difference between production differences and differences in usage conditions.

[0008] In some embodiments, the production differences are configured in the following ways: By controlling the parameters of the coating equipment, the electrode coating thickness of the first capacity battery cell is made to deviate from the first standard value by a first target percentage; or, By adjusting the amount of active material coating, the active material loading of the first capacity cell is made to deviate from the second standard value by a second target percentage; or, The first capacity cell is fabricated using an electrode containing the target defect.

[0009] In some embodiments, the differences in usage conditions are configured in the following ways: The operating temperature of the target first-capacity battery cell is controlled by a temperature control device to prevent deviation from the target temperature value of other first-capacity battery cells; or... By adjusting the clamps, the deviation between the preload force on the target first capacity battery cell and the target pressure value generated by other first capacity battery cells is controlled.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of connecting the at least two first-capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell includes: The capacity ratio of the at least two first-capacity cells is determined based on the capacity ratio of different regions inside the target cell. The test module is formed by controlling at least two first-capacity cells to be connected in parallel according to the capacity ratio, and connecting current sensors in series in the branch circuit of each first-capacity cell and arranging temperature sensors on or near the surface of each first-capacity cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of performing cell performance testing based on the test module to obtain test data includes: Electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing were performed on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module. The test module is subjected to security performance testing, and the critical condition data when a security risk is triggered is recorded.

[0012] In some embodiments, performing electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first-capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module includes: The current sensor collects the branch current data of each first capacity cell during the charging and discharging process, and the temperature sensor collects the temperature data of each first capacity cell. Electrochemical performance tests were performed on the test module, and the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention rate, and internal resistance change data of the test module were recorded. The test module is subjected to cyclic aging test, and the cycle life data of the test module is recorded.

[0013] In some embodiments, determining the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data includes: Based on the test data, the correlation between the test differences and cell performance is determined; Based on the test data and the correlation, difference boundary data that meet the performance requirements of the target battery cell are obtained.

[0014] In some embodiments, the test data includes branch test data for each first capacity cell and overall performance data for the test module; The step of determining the correlation between the test differences and cell performance based on the test data includes: Based on the branch test data of each first capacity cell, a first quantitative relationship is obtained between the test difference and the unevenness of the branch current distribution of each first capacity cell. Based on the overall performance data of the test module, a second quantitative relationship between the test difference and the cycle life decay rate of the test module, and a third quantitative relationship between the test difference and the safety performance threshold of the test module are obtained.

[0015] In some embodiments, obtaining the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data and the correlation includes: Based on the first quantization relationship, the second quantization relationship, and the third quantization relationship, the difference boundary data is obtained under the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a battery cell testing apparatus, the apparatus comprising: A configuration module is used to configure test differences in at least two first-capacity cells based on difference configuration data, wherein the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. A module is obtained in response to connecting at least two first capacity cells in parallel after configuring the test differences to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell; The testing module is used to perform cell performance testing based on the testing module and obtain test data; The determination module is used to determine the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data.

[0017] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide an electronic device, including: Memory; Processor; and Computer programs; The computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0018] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, the computer program being executed by a processor to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0019] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the cell testing method described above.

[0020] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure also provide a vehicle or robot, including: a memory; a processor; and a computer program; wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the cell testing method described above.

[0021] The battery cell testing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium provided in this disclosure achieve precise control over the type, degree, and proportion of consistency differences by configuring test differences into the battery cell based on difference configuration data. Then, small battery cells with these differences are connected in parallel to form a test module simulating the target battery cell, realistically replicating the actual state of parallel operation of different regions within a large battery cell. Finally, test data is obtained through performance testing, and difference boundary data is determined based on this data, thereby accurately calibrating the maximum permissible consistency difference boundary to ensure battery cell performance requirements. This method can calibrate the difference boundary data to ensure battery cell performance requirements, achieving a breakthrough from qualitative judgment to quantitative definition. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery cell testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 A flowchart of a cell testing method provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 3 A flowchart of a cell testing method provided in another embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a battery cell parallel test bench provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cell testing device provided in the embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure, the solutions disclosed herein will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0026] Numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this disclosure, but this disclosure may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some, and not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0027] This disclosure provides a method for testing battery cells, which will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a battery cell testing method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The method can be applied to electronic devices, specifically terminals. Terminals may include vehicles or robots. This method can be applied to scenarios involving testing battery cells, as well as scenarios involving determining the difference boundary data of battery cells. It is understood that the battery cell testing method provided in this disclosure can also be applied to other scenarios.

[0029] The following is about Figure 1 The cell testing methods shown are introduced below. The specific steps included in this method are as follows: S101. Based on the difference configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell.

[0030] In this step, at least two first-capacity cells are pre-prepared. Using a target 300Ah cell as a baseline, and employing the exact same material system (positive electrode material, negative electrode material, separator, electrolyte) and core design (electrode size ratio, winding process), three 100Ah small cells (i.e., the first-capacity cells) can be prepared in parallel for simulation, or six 50Ah small cells can be prepared in parallel for simulation. The purpose of this is to simulate different regions within the large cell using small cells. The total capacity of these parallel small cells is 300Ah, matching the target cell. Through pre-set difference configuration data, which can include the type and degree of difference, and which small cells are involved, consistency differences are introduced into each small cell. For example, the configuration data can specify that cell A introduces a 5% coating thickness deviation to simulate production differences (or manufacturing differences), and that cell B's operating temperature is 3°C higher than cell C to simulate differences in usage conditions. This step achieves precise and quantitative control over consistency differences.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery cell parallel test bench provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, 1 is the charge / discharge test equipment; 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 represent first-capacity cells with different test differences; 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 represent Hall sensors for testing the branch current of different first-capacity cells; 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 represent temperature sensors for testing the temperature of different first-capacity cells; 5 is a clamp for adding preload to the first-capacity cells.

[0032] In some embodiments, the test differences include at least one of the following types: manufacturing differences, including deviations in the coating thickness of the cell electrode, deviations in the loading of active material in the cell, or defects in the cell electrode; differences in usage conditions, including deviations in the cell operating temperature or deviations in the cell assembly preload; and coupling differences between manufacturing differences and differences in usage conditions. Optionally, the defect types of the cell electrode may include foreign particles, electrode breakage and wrinkles, electrode bending, diaphragm pores, poor electrode tab welding, etc., and may also include other defect types, which are not specifically limited here.

[0033] In this embodiment, production variation is used to characterize parameter differences that occur during the cell manufacturing process. For example, deviations in electrode coating thickness (e.g., the coating thickness of cell A is 5% thicker than the standard), deviations in active material loading (e.g., the loading of cell B is 3% less than the standard), and defects such as pinholes or missing coatings on the electrodes.

[0034] Differences in usage conditions are used to characterize the differences that arise during the use of battery cells due to variations in environment and stress. Examples include operating temperature deviations (such as using a temperature control device to ensure that the temperature of battery cell C is always 5°C higher than that of battery cell D) and assembly preload deviations (such as using a clamp to ensure that the pressure on battery cell E is 20N greater than that on battery cell F).

[0035] Coupled differences are used to characterize the simultaneous introduction of production differences and usage condition differences. For example, for a battery cell that already has a 5% coating deviation, an additional 3°C temperature deviation is applied, and the combined effect of these two differences is studied.

[0036] This embodiment clarifies the types of test differences that can be studied, covering the two main sources of consistency differences throughout the entire lifecycle of the battery cell. Production differences correspond to inherent differences formed during the battery cell manufacturing process, such as uneven coating, load deviations, and electrode defects; these are direct manifestations of production consistency. Usage condition differences correspond to differences caused by environmental variations in actual application, such as temperature deviations due to uneven heat dissipation in different areas, and preload deviations due to uneven assembly stress. Coupled differences study the synergistic effects when two types of differences coexist, more closely reflecting real-world scenarios. By clearly classifying test differences, this method can systematically study the impact of various consistency differences on battery cell performance, providing targeted control guidelines for both the manufacturing and application ends.

[0037] In some embodiments, the production differences are configured in the following ways: 1) By controlling the parameters of the coating equipment, the electrode coating thickness of the first capacity battery cell is made to deviate from the first standard value by a first target percentage; or, In this step, for example, the standard coating thickness, i.e., the first standard value, is 100 μm, and the first target percentage can be 5%, without limitation. If it is desired to introduce a deviation of ±5%, the coating thickness of the electrode of the first capacity cell can be controlled at 105 μm (+5%) or 95 μm (-5%) by adjusting the coating head gap.

[0038] 2) By adjusting the amount of active material coating, the active material loading of the first capacity cell deviates from the second standard value by a second target percentage; or, In this step, for example, the standard areal density, i.e., the second standard value, is 300 g / m², and the second target percentage can be 3%, without limitation. If it is desired to introduce a deviation of ±3%, the coating slurry supply rate can be adjusted so that the areal density of the first capacity cell is controlled at 309 g / m² (+3%) or 291 g / m² (-3%).

[0039] 3) The first capacity cell is made using an electrode containing the target defect.

[0040] In this embodiment, for example, during the electrode preparation process, pinholes of a predetermined size and number are artificially created, or the defective electrode is used to make a first capacity cell to simulate the situation where the electrode has defects.

[0041] This embodiment details the configuration methods for production variances, providing operable and precisely controllable technical means. By directly controlling coating equipment parameters (such as adjusting the coating gap and coating speed) to generate a preset percentage thickness deviation, variances caused by coating process fluctuations can be simulated. By adjusting the amount of active material coated (such as controlling the coating surface density) to generate a loading deviation, variances caused by uneven material distribution can be simulated. Using electrode sheets containing target defects (such as pinholes and missing coatings) can simulate defects in the electrode manufacturing process. These configuration methods can be tailored to the required type and degree of production consistency variance according to research needs, laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative research.

[0042] In some embodiments, the differences in usage conditions are configured in the following ways: 1) The deviation of the operating temperature of the target first-capacity battery cell from the target temperature value is controlled by a temperature control device; or, In this step, for example, such as Figure 4 As shown, the test module consists of battery cells A, B, and C connected in parallel. A heating element attached to the surface of battery cell A ensures its temperature is always 5°C higher than that of cells B and C (the target temperature deviation is set to +5°C). A thermoelectric cooler attached to the surface of battery cell C ensures its temperature is always 3°C lower than that of cells A and B (the target temperature deviation is set to -3°C).

[0043] 2) By adjusting the clamps, the deviation of the preload force on the target first capacity cell from the target pressure value generated by other first capacity cells is controlled.

[0044] In this step, for example, the three cells of the test module are fixed by clamps. By adjusting the clamp bolts at the corresponding position of cell B, the preload force on cell B is made 20N greater than that on cells A and C (the target pressure deviation is set to +20N).

[0045] This embodiment specifies the configuration methods for different usage conditions and provides a technical means to dynamically apply these differences during testing. By independently controlling the temperature of individual small cells using temperature control devices (such as heating elements or cooling fans), a preset temperature difference is created between them and other small cells, accurately simulating uneven heat dissipation in different areas within the cell. By adjusting the clamps (such as adjustable pressure clamps) to apply different preloads to individual small cells, the stress differences caused by assembly stress or uneven expansion in different areas within the cell can be simulated. These configuration methods make the application of different usage conditions flexible and controllable, and can be adjusted in real time during testing, facilitating the study of the effects under different operating conditions.

[0046] S102, in response to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained.

[0047] In this step, such as Figure 4 As shown, at least two first-capacity cells can be connected in parallel. In response to configuring the test differences, the electronic device connects the at least two first-capacity cells in parallel to obtain a complete test module. This test module simulates the target cell in terms of electrical characteristics.

[0048] S103. Perform cell performance testing based on the test module to obtain test data.

[0049] In this step, after obtaining the test module, cell performance testing will be conducted based on the test module to obtain test data. Specifically, a series of electrochemical performance tests will be performed on the test module, including conventional charge-discharge tests, cycle aging tests, and safety performance tests (such as overcharge, over-discharge, and high-temperature tests), etc., and various data generated during the process will be collected, such as branch current, module capacity, internal resistance, temperature, etc.

[0050] S104. Based on the test data, determine the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell.

[0051] In this step, the electronic device can determine the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data. Specifically, by comprehensively analyzing the test data, it is determined at what level of consistency difference will significantly affect the battery cell's lifespan (e.g., the number of cycles falls below a threshold) or trigger safety risks (e.g., lithium plating or thermal runaway). This critical value is the difference boundary data, which represents the maximum allowable consistency difference while ensuring the battery cell's performance requirements. This can be referred to as Example 1.

[0052] This disclosure achieves precise control over the type, degree, and proportion of consistency differences by configuring test differences into the battery cell based on difference configuration data. Then, small battery cells with these differences are connected in parallel to form a test module simulating the target battery cell, realistically replicating the actual state of different regions operating in parallel within a large battery cell. Finally, test data is obtained through performance testing, and difference boundary data is determined based on this data, thereby accurately calibrating the maximum permissible consistency difference boundary to ensure battery cell performance requirements. This method calibrates the difference boundary data to ensure battery cell performance requirements, achieving a breakthrough from qualitative judgment to quantitative definition.

[0053] Figure 2 Here is a flowchart of a cell testing method provided in another embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S201. Based on the difference configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell.

[0054] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S201 and S101 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] S202. Determine the capacity ratio of the at least two first capacity cells based on the capacity ratio of different regions inside the target cell.

[0056] In this step, the capacity ratio of the at least two first-capacity cells can be determined based on the capacity ratio of different regions within the target cell. For example, if the target cell has three regions with a capacity ratio of 2:1:1, then the capacity ratio is determined to be 2:1:1. In this case, small cells with a capacity ratio of 2:1:1 should be selected or prepared, such as one 200mAh small cell and two 100mAh small cells.

[0057] S203. Control the at least two first capacity cells to be connected in parallel according to the capacity ratio, and connect current sensors in series in the branch circuit of each first capacity cell, and arrange temperature sensors on or near the surface of each first capacity cell to form the test module.

[0058] In this step, at least two first-capacity cells are connected in parallel according to the stated capacity ratio. A Hall current sensor is connected in series on the branch conductor of cell A to measure the current flowing through cell A; similarly, sensors are also connected in series on the branches of cells B and C. A temperature sensor, such as a thermocouple, is attached to the surface of the outer casing of cell A to measure the temperature of cell A; similarly, thermocouples are also attached to the surfaces of cells B and C.

[0059] This embodiment determines the capacity ratio of the first-capacity battery cell based on the capacity proportion of different regions inside the target battery cell, enabling the test module to more realistically simulate the internal structure of a large battery cell. Current sensors are connected in series in each branch to achieve independent, real-time monitoring of the current in each simulated region, which is crucial for quantitatively analyzing uneven current distribution. Temperature sensors are placed on the surface of each battery cell to achieve real-time monitoring of local temperatures, providing data for analyzing thermal risks and thus providing the hardware foundation for subsequently obtaining high-precision, multi-dimensional test data. This can be referred to as Embodiment 2.

[0060] In some embodiments, Figure 2 Steps S202 and S203 shown can be used as Figure 1 One specific implementation of step S102 shown.

[0061] S204. Perform electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module.

[0062] In this step, the electronic device can perform electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first-capacity cell and overall performance data for the test module. Optionally, such as... Figure 4 As shown, for example, there are three branches: branch A, branch B, and branch C. The branch test data includes the branch current I. A I B I C Temperature T of each cell A T B T C Overall performance data can include charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention, internal resistance variation, and cycle life data.

[0063] S205. Perform a security performance test on the test module and record the critical condition data when a security risk is triggered.

[0064] In this step, the test module undergoes a safety performance test, and the critical condition data when a safety risk is triggered is recorded. Specifically, the test module is subjected to an overcharge test (e.g., continuously charging at a 1C current until the voltage exceeds the upper limit). During this process, the voltage, temperature, and appearance changes of each cell are closely monitored. The time, voltage, temperature, and current data of each branch are recorded when lithium plating first occurs (judged by an abnormal voltage plateau), leakage, smoke, or a sharp rise in temperature (the starting point of thermal runaway). These are the "critical condition data".

[0065] This embodiment obtains data reflecting the "health state" of the battery cell through electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing, such as the current of each branch (reflecting current distribution), module capacity and internal resistance (reflecting overall performance), and cycle life (reflecting durability). Through safety performance testing, data reflecting the "limit state" of the battery cell can be obtained, such as the critical conditions for triggering lithium plating and thermal runaway (temperature, voltage, degree of difference, etc.). These two types of test data complement each other, forming a complete data chain for assessing the impact of consistency differences, providing comprehensive data support for finally calibrating the difference boundary that guarantees lifespan without triggering safety risks. This can be referred to as Example 3.

[0066] In some embodiments, Figure 2 Steps S204 and S205 shown can be used as Figure 1 A specific implementation of step S103 shown.

[0067] S206. Based on the test data, determine the correlation between the test differences and the cell performance.

[0068] In this step, the electronic device can determine the correlation between the test differences and the cell performance based on the test data. For example, multiple sets of tests were conducted, each using different coating deviation values ​​(0%, ±3%, ±5%, ±8%). By comparing the test data from each set, a curve can be fitted to reveal the relationship between the absolute value of the coating deviation and the cycle life decay rate. For example, it was found that when the deviation was ≤3%, the life decay was not significantly different from the unbiased group; when the deviation reached 5%, the life decay accelerated by 10%; when the deviation reached 8%, the life decay accelerated by 30% and signs of overheating appeared.

[0069] S207. Based on the test data and the correlation, obtain the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target cell.

[0070] In this step, based on the test data and the correlation, the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target cell can be obtained. Specifically, if the target performance requirement is "cycle life degradation not exceeding 20%" and "no safety risk," according to the above correlation, the boundary value of the coating deviation can be determined to be within ±5% (because at 5%, a degradation of 10% meets the requirement and is risk-free; while at 8%, a degradation of 30% and an overheating risk do not meet the requirement). This ±5% is the difference boundary data of the coating deviation.

[0071] This embodiment establishes a correlation between "test differences" and "cell performance." This is not a simple one-to-one relationship, but rather a pattern revealed through data analysis, such as "how much does the cycle life decrease with each 1% increase in coating deviation" or "the safety risk increases significantly when the temperature deviation exceeds 5°C." Then, based on preset "target cell performance requirements" (e.g., cycle life ≥ 1000 cycles, no thermal runaway), and combining the above correlation, the maximum allowable difference value to meet these requirements is deduced, i.e., the difference boundary data. This achieves a complete logical closed loop from observation of phenomena to discovery of patterns and then to boundary definition. This can be referred to as Embodiment 4.

[0072] In some embodiments, Figure 2 Steps S206 and S207 shown can be used as Figure 1 A specific implementation of step S104 shown.

[0073] This disclosure embodiment configures test differences in at least two first-capacity cells based on differential configuration data. The total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. The capacity ratio of the at least two first-capacity cells is determined according to the capacity proportion of different regions within the target cell. The at least two first-capacity cells are connected in parallel according to the capacity ratio. A current sensor is connected in series in the branch circuit of each first-capacity cell, and a temperature sensor is arranged on or near the surface of each first-capacity cell to form the test module. Further, electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing are performed on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first-capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module. Safety performance testing is performed on the test module, and critical condition data for triggering safety risks are recorded. Based on the test data, the correlation between the test differences and cell performance is determined. Based on the test data and the correlation, difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target cell is obtained. Compared to the prior art, this disclosure embodiment divides performance testing into two main categories: electrochemical performance and cycle aging testing, and safety performance testing. This hierarchical testing design comprehensively covers both lifespan and safety, enabling the assessment of both the long-term impact of consistency differences on the conventional performance degradation of battery cells and their triggering boundaries for cell safety under abnormal operating conditions. Furthermore, it establishes correlations first, and then determines boundaries based on these relationships. This logic transforms experimental results into quantitative standards with engineering application value, achieving a leap from qualitative observation to quantitative calibration, and allowing research findings to directly guide the formulation of cell manufacturing tolerances and system design parameters.

[0074] Figure 3 Here is a flowchart of a cell testing method provided in another embodiment of this disclosure, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps: S301. Based on the difference configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell.

[0075] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S301 and S101 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] S302, in response to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained.

[0077] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S302 and S102 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] S303. The branch current data of each first capacity cell during the charging and discharging process is collected by a current sensor, and the temperature data of each first capacity cell is collected by a temperature sensor.

[0079] In this step, during each charge-discharge cycle, the branch current I of cells A, B, and C is recorded at a sampling rate of 1Hz. A (t), I B (t), I C (t). By analyzing these data, it can be discovered, for example, whether the current of cell A, which has coating deviations, is abnormally high at the end of charging. The temperature T of each cell is recorded simultaneously. A (t), T B (t), T C (t). It can be determined whether the high current of cell A is accompanied by an increase in temperature.

[0080] S304. Perform electrochemical performance testing on the test module and record the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention rate, and internal resistance change data of the test module.

[0081] In this step, the electrochemical performance of the test module is tested, and the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention, and internal resistance changes are recorded. For example, after 50 cycles, a standard capacity calibration is performed, and the current capacity Q is recorded. n The ratio of the current internal resistance to the initial capacity Q0 (capacity retention rate); simultaneously record the current internal resistance R. n The ratio of the internal resistance to the initial internal resistance R0 (internal resistance growth rate); calculate the charge / discharge energy ratio to obtain the charge / discharge efficiency.

[0082] S305. Perform a cyclic aging test on the test module and record the cycle life data of the test module.

[0083] In this step, the test module undergoes a cyclic aging test, and the cycle life data of the test module is recorded. Specifically, the cycle is continued until the capacity retention rate drops to 80%, and the total number of cycles N is recorded, which is the cycle life data.

[0084] This embodiment collects test data through experiments. Branch current and temperature data provide dynamic information at the microscopic level, revealing the distribution of current and heat within the cell, and serving as direct evidence for analyzing performance degradation caused by differences. Charge-discharge efficiency, capacity retention, and internal resistance changes provide macroscopic state information, reflecting the evolution of the cell's overall health. Cycle life data provides the final evaluation index for long-term durability. These data corroborate each other, forming a complete data chain from test differences to performance degradation, laying the foundation for subsequent quantitative analysis. This can be referred to as Example 5.

[0085] S306. Perform a security performance test on the test module and record the critical condition data when a security risk is triggered.

[0086] Specifically, the implementation process and principle of S306 and S205 are the same, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] S307. Based on the branch test data of each first capacity cell, obtain the first quantitative relationship between the test difference and the unevenness of the branch current distribution of each first capacity cell.

[0088] In this step, an index for current distribution non-uniformity is defined, such as the standard deviation of the current in each branch or the ratio of the maximum current to the average current. By analyzing the non-uniformity data under different degrees of difference, the first quantitative relationship is obtained: Non-uniformity = f(type of difference, degree of difference). For example, it was found that for every 1% increase in coating deviation, the current non-uniformity increases by 2%.

[0089] S308. Based on the overall performance data of the test module, obtain a second quantitative relationship between the test difference and the cycle life decay rate of the test module, and a third quantitative relationship between the test difference and the safety performance threshold of the test module.

[0090] In this step, cycle life data is correlated with the degree of difference. For example, a second quantitative relationship is established: cycle life decay rate = g(difference type, difference degree). It may be found that temperature deviation has a greater impact on life than coating deviation. At the same time, the critical conditions that trigger risks in safety testing (such as critical temperature and critical voltage) are correlated with the degree of difference to obtain a third quantitative relationship. For example, it is found that when the coating deviation exceeds 6%, the probability of thermal runaway of the module in overcharge testing increases significantly.

[0091] This embodiment establishes a quantitative relationship between test differences and cell performance, systematically studying the impact of different types and degrees of consistency differences on cell lifespan and safety. The first quantitative relationship establishes a direct link between differences and current distribution non-uniformity, revealing how differences lead to localized overcurrent. The second quantitative relationship establishes a link between differences and lifespan degradation, revealing how current non-uniformity accelerates aging. The third quantitative relationship establishes a link between differences and safety thresholds, revealing how current non-uniformity reduces safety margins. By decomposing these three quantitative relationships, the influencing mechanisms can be analyzed layer by layer, making the final determined difference boundary data more scientific and interpretable. This can be referred to as Example 6.

[0092] S309. Based on the first quantization relationship, the second quantization relationship, and the third quantization relationship, the difference boundary data is obtained under the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks.

[0093] In this step, based on the first, second, and third quantification relationships, the difference boundary data is obtained under the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks. For example, the target requirements are "cycle life ≥ 1000 cycles" and "no thermal runaway during overcharge testing". Through the first and second quantification relationships, it is calculated that to meet the life ≥ 1000 cycles, the coating deviation must be ≤ ±7%; through the first and third quantification relationships, it is calculated that to meet the requirement of no thermal runaway during overcharge testing, the coating deviation must be ≤ ±5%. Taking the intersection of the two (a more stringent condition), the final difference boundary data is determined to be coating deviation ≤ ±5%. This boundary value simultaneously meets the requirements of life and safety. Obtaining the difference boundary data through multiple quantification relationships lays the foundation for subsequent multi-objective optimization of the difference boundary. The determined difference boundary data has direct application value and can be used to formulate cell incoming material inspection standards, process control standards, and battery system design specifications. This can be referred to as Example 7.

[0094] This embodiment of the disclosure configures test differences in at least two first-capacity cells based on differential configuration data. The total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. In response to connecting the at least two first-capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained. Then, current sensors are used to collect branch current data of each first-capacity cell during charging and discharging, and temperature sensors are used to collect temperature data of each first-capacity cell. Electrochemical performance tests are performed on the test module, recording the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention rate, and internal resistance change data. Cyclic aging tests are then performed on the test module, recording the cycle life data. Furthermore, safety performance testing is performed on the test module, and critical condition data for triggering safety risks are recorded. Based on the branch test data of each first-capacity cell, a first quantitative relationship between the test difference and the non-uniformity of branch current distribution of each first-capacity cell is obtained. Based on the overall performance data of the test module, a second quantitative relationship between the test difference and the cycle life decay rate of the test module, and a third quantitative relationship between the test difference and the safety performance threshold of the test module are obtained. Then, based on the first, second, and third quantitative relationships, the difference boundary data is obtained under the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks. Through this method, the embodiments of this disclosure further refine the method for establishing correlations, establishing quantitative relationships between test differences and non-uniformity of branch current distribution, cycle life decay rate, and safety performance threshold. This multi-dimensional quantification method allows researchers to clearly distinguish the degree and mechanism of influence of consistency differences on different performance indicators, laying the foundation for subsequent multi-objective optimization of difference boundaries. The determined difference boundary data has direct application value and can be used to formulate cell incoming inspection standards, process control standards, and battery system design specifications.

[0095] It should be noted that the cell testing methods involved in the above embodiments may include at least one of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3, Embodiment 4, Embodiment 5, Embodiment 6, and Embodiment 7. For example, Embodiment 1 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+3 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+3+4 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+3+4+5 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+3+4+5+6 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+3+4+5+6+7 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+4 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+4 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+5 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+2+5 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, Embodiment 1+4+5 can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and Embodiment 1+2+3+5 can be implemented as an independent embodiment. Examples 1, 5, and 6 can be implemented as independent embodiments, as can examples 1, 2, 5, and 6, as well as examples 1, 4, 5, and 6, and examples 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, and examples 1, 5, and 7 can be implemented as independent embodiments. These examples are merely illustrative and not exhaustive; further examples will not be provided here.

[0096] The following is also described in this disclosure: 1. Definitions of abbreviations and key terms Power battery cell: refers to a basic energy storage unit composed of components such as positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, separator and shell, which can realize the mutual conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. It is the core energy supply component of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems and other equipment.

[0097] Cell cycle life: refers to the number of charge-discharge cycles that a power battery cell can maintain within a set threshold range for its key electrochemical properties such as capacity and internal resistance under specified charge-discharge regimes and environmental conditions; when the cell performance degrades to below the threshold, it is determined that the cycle life has ended.

[0098] Cell safety: refers to the ability of a power battery cell to avoid dangerous events such as thermal runaway, fire, explosion, leakage, and excessive release of toxic and harmful gases under normal use and abnormal operating conditions (such as overcharging, over-discharging, high temperature, collision, internal short circuit, etc.).

[0099] Consistency: refers to the uniformity and consistency of key parameters of power battery cells during manufacturing and use. It is mainly divided into two categories: 1) Production consistency: refers to the parameter differences formed during the cell manufacturing process, including the uniformity of electrode coating, the uniformity of electrode thickness, the uniformity of active material loading, the uniformity of separator pore size distribution, and the accuracy of cell winding / stacking, etc. The core is reflected in the differences in the internal structure and material distribution of the cell; 2) Consistency of usage conditions: refers to the differences in the environment and stress of the cell during actual application, including temperature differences in different areas of the cell, and differences in pre-tightening force during assembly and use, etc.

[0100] Current density: refers to the current intensity passing through a unit area of ​​electrode. It is a key parameter reflecting the current distribution state inside the cell. Its uniformity directly affects the charging and discharging efficiency, life decay rate and safety performance of the cell. Abnormally high current density can easily lead to problems such as local overheating and lithium plating in the cell.

[0101] 2. The core of this invention adopts the experimental research method of "large cell segmentation simulation". By disassembling a large-capacity target cell into smaller cells with precise differential control, and combining differentiated design with parallel testing, it achieves precise research on the impact of consistency differences on cell lifespan and safety. The specific technical solution includes four core steps: test preparation, differential introduction, parallel testing, and performance evaluation, as detailed below: 2.1 Experimental Preparation: Small Cell Fabrication Based on the target research's commercially available high-capacity battery cells (such as 300Ah, 400Ah, and 1000Ah cells), multiple small-capacity cores are prepared using the exact same design scheme (including electrode materials, separator materials, electrolyte formulation, electrode size ratio, winding / stacking process parameters, etc.) and material system. Each small-capacity core is then packaged into an independent pouch cell, ensuring that all parameters are identical except for subsequent differences. The number and capacity of each small cell can be set according to research needs. The core requirement is that the small cells possess precise controllability in terms of production consistency and usage conditions, and that the total capacity and overall electrochemical characteristics of multiple small cells connected in parallel match the target high-capacity battery cell.

[0102] 2.2 Introduction of Differences: Consistent Difference Design Based on the research objectives, different types and degrees of consistency differences were precisely introduced into the fabricated pouch cells, specifically through three introduction methods: (1) Introduction of production consistency differences: For some small cells, a predetermined degree of manufacturing defects or parameter differences are precisely introduced during the manufacturing process. For example, the electrode coating equipment is controlled so that the electrode coating thickness deviation of a specific small cell reaches a predetermined value (such as ±5%, ±8%); the active material loading is adjusted to form a loading difference; electrodes with defects such as pinholes and missing coatings are prepared and then made into small cells. In this way, the degree of production consistency differences and the proportion of small cells involved can be precisely controlled.

[0103] (2) Introduction of consistency of usage conditions: For some or all small cells, design different usage environments and stress conditions, such as: using temperature control devices to make the working temperature of a specific small cell deviate from that of other small cells to a preset value (such as ±3℃, ±5℃); by adjusting the assembly fixtures, make the preload of a specific small cell deviate from that of other small cells to a preset value (such as ±10N, ±20N).

[0104] (3) Coupling difference introduction: Simultaneously introduce production consistency difference and usage condition consistency difference into small cells. For example, for small cells with coating deviation, apply preset temperature deviation or pre-tightening force deviation at the same time, and study the effect of the coupling effect of the two differences on the cell performance.

[0105] 2.3 Parallel Testing: Electrochemical Performance and Current Distribution Testing Small, pouch cells with varying consistency will be introduced and assembled in parallel according to a preset Ah capacity ratio (e.g., 1:1:1, 2:1:1, etc., simulating the capacity proportions of different regions within a large-capacity cell), forming a test module that simulates the internal structure of a large-capacity cell. A series of electrochemical performance tests will be conducted on this test module, with core test contents including: (1) Branch current acquisition: A high-precision Hall sensor is connected in series in the branch circuit of each small cell to collect the branch current data of each small cell in real time during the charging and discharging process. The actual current distribution status of each “simulated area” under different consistency differences is accurately obtained, and it is determined whether the local current exceeds the design threshold. The quantitative relationship between consistency differences and uneven current distribution is analyzed.

[0106] (2) Basic electrochemical performance test: Test the basic parameters of the module such as charge and discharge efficiency, internal resistance change, and capacity retention rate, and study the influence of consistency differences on these parameters.

[0107] (3) Safety performance test: The test module is subjected to abnormal working conditions such as overcharge, over-discharge, and high temperature cycling. The module is observed to see if there are safety problems such as lithium plating, leakage, and thermal runaway. The critical value of consistency difference that triggers safety risks is recorded.

[0108] 2.4 Performance Evaluation: Lifespan and Safety Impact Analysis Long-term cyclic aging tests were conducted on the test modules, continuously cycling according to the standard charge-discharge regime until the cell capacity decayed to a set threshold (e.g., 80% of the initial capacity), and cycle life data was recorded. Combining branch current data collected by Hall sensors, basic electrochemical performance data, and safety performance test results, the following were comprehensively analyzed: ① The impact of different degrees and proportions of production consistency differences on the local current distribution, cycle life, and safety performance of the cell; ② The impact of different degrees and proportions of usage condition consistency differences on the above performance; ③ The synergistic effect of manufacturing and usage condition coupling differences. Finally, based on the analysis results, the minimum consistency difference boundary that does not affect cell life and safety was determined.

[0109] 3. Key technical points and advantages of this invention (1) Research idea of ​​“large cell segmentation simulation”: By preparing small cells with the same core design and materials as the target large cell, the complex problem of internal consistency difference of large cell is transformed into the problem of difference between small cells that can be precisely controlled, so as to achieve precise control over the degree and proportion of consistency difference, and lay the foundation for quantitative research.

[0110] (2) Flexible design and coupling research of multiple types of differences: Production consistency differences and usage condition consistency differences can be introduced independently, or the two differences can be introduced in a coupled manner. This can fully cover the complex scenarios of consistency differences in practical applications and break through the limitations of existing technologies in studying the synergistic effects of multiple factors.

[0111] (3) Precise quantitative monitoring of branch current: By connecting Hall sensors in series in each small cell branch, local current distribution data under different consistency differences are captured in real time, and a direct correlation between consistency differences and local overcurrent is established, providing accurate data support for the root cause analysis of life decay and safety risks.

[0112] (4) Boundary calibration based on test data: Through long-term cyclic testing and abnormal working condition testing, combined with multi-dimensional data comprehensive analysis, the minimum consistency difference boundary for ensuring lifespan and safety is directly calibrated, achieving a breakthrough from "qualitative judgment" to "quantitative definition".

[0113] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell testing apparatus provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. The battery cell testing apparatus can be an electronic device as described in the above embodiments, or it can be a component or assembly within that electronic device. The battery cell testing apparatus provided in this embodiment can execute the processing flow provided in the battery cell testing method embodiments, such as... Figure 5As shown, the cell testing device 40 includes: a configuration module 41, an acquisition module 42, a testing module 43, and a determination module 44; wherein, the configuration module 41 is used to configure test differences in at least two first-capacity cells based on difference configuration data, and the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell; the acquisition module 42 is used to connect the at least two first-capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell; the testing module 43 is used to perform cell performance testing based on the test module to obtain test data; and the determination module 44 is used to determine difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target cell based on the test data.

[0114] Optionally, the test differences include at least one of the following types: production differences, including deviations in cell electrode coating thickness, deviations in cell active material loading, or defects in cell electrodes; differences in usage conditions, including deviations in cell operating temperature or cell assembly preload; and coupled differences between production differences and usage condition differences.

[0115] Optionally, the production variation can be configured in the following ways: by controlling the coating equipment parameters to make the electrode coating thickness of the first capacity cell deviate from the first standard value by a first target percentage; or by adjusting the amount of active material coating to make the active material loading of the first capacity cell deviate from the second standard value by a second target percentage; or by using electrodes containing target defects to manufacture the first capacity cell.

[0116] Optionally, the difference in usage conditions can be configured in the following ways: by controlling the working temperature of the target first capacity battery cell to deviate from the target temperature value of other first capacity battery cells through a temperature control device; or by adjusting the clamps to control the preload force on the target first capacity battery cell to deviate from the target pressure value of other first capacity battery cells.

[0117] Optionally, when the obtaining module 42 responds to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell, it is specifically used to: determine the capacity ratio of the at least two first capacity cells according to the capacity ratio of different regions inside the target cell; control the at least two first capacity cells to be connected in parallel according to the capacity ratio, and connect current sensors in series in the branch circuit of each first capacity cell and arrange temperature sensors on or near the surface of each first capacity cell to form the test module.

[0118] Optionally, when the test module 43 performs cell performance testing based on the test module and obtains test data, it is specifically used for: performing electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing on the test module to obtain branch test data of each first capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module; and performing safety performance testing on the test module to record critical condition data when a safety risk is triggered.

[0119] Optionally, when the test module 43 performs electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module, it is specifically used to: collect branch current data of each first capacity cell during charging and discharging using a current sensor, and simultaneously collect temperature data of each first capacity cell using a temperature sensor; perform electrochemical performance testing on the test module and record the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention rate, and internal resistance change data of the test module; and perform cycle aging testing on the test module and record the cycle life data of the test module.

[0120] Optionally, when the determining module 44 determines the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data, it is specifically used to: determine the correlation between the test difference and the battery cell performance based on the test data; and obtain the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data and the correlation.

[0121] Optionally, the test data includes branch test data for each first-capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module; when the determining module 44 determines the correlation between the test difference and cell performance based on the test data, it is specifically used to: obtain a first quantitative relationship between the test difference and the non-uniformity of branch current distribution of each first-capacity cell based on the branch test data of each first-capacity cell; and obtain a second quantitative relationship between the test difference and the cycle life decay rate of the test module, and a third quantitative relationship between the test difference and the safety performance threshold of the test module, based on the overall performance data of the test module.

[0122] Optionally, when the determining module 44 obtains the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data and the correlation relationship, it is specifically used to: obtain the difference boundary data based on the first quantization relationship, the second quantization relationship and the third quantization relationship, on the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks.

[0123] Figure 5The cell testing device shown in the embodiment can be used to execute the technical solution of the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be repeated here.

[0124] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. See below for details. Figure 6 It shows a schematic diagram of a structure suitable for implementing the electronic device 600 in the embodiments of this disclosure. Figure 6 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0125] like Figure 6 As shown, the electronic device 600 may include a processing device (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from a storage device 608 into a random access memory (RAM) 603 to implement the cell testing method as described in the embodiments of this disclosure. The RAM 603 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 600. The processing device 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0126] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 605: input devices 606 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 607 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; storage devices 608 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 609. Communication device 609 allows electronic device 600 to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 6 An electronic device 600 with various devices is shown; however, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or possess all of the devices shown. More or fewer devices may be implemented or possessed alternatively.

[0127] In particular, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of this disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts, thereby implementing the cell testing method as described above. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 609, or installed from a storage device 608, or installed from a ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 601, it performs the functions defined in the methods of embodiments of this disclosure.

[0128] It should be noted that the computer-readable medium described in this disclosure can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example,—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In this disclosure, a computer-readable signal medium can include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical fibers, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0129] Additionally, this disclosure also provides a vehicle or robot, including: a memory; a processor; and a computer program; wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the cell testing method described above.

[0130] In some implementations, clients and servers can communicate using any currently known or future-developed network protocol such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and can interconnect with digital data communication (e.g., communication networks) of any form or medium. Examples of communication networks include local area networks (“LANs”), wide area networks (“WANs”), the Internet (e.g., the Internet of Things), and peer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad hoc peer-to-peer networks), as well as any currently known or future-developed networks.

[0131] The aforementioned computer-readable medium may be included in the aforementioned electronic device; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0132] The aforementioned computer-readable medium carries one or more programs that, when executed by the electronic device, cause the electronic device to: Based on the differential configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first-capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. In response to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained; Based on the test module, cell performance is tested to obtain test data; Based on the test data, the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell are determined.

[0133] Optionally, when one or more of the above-described procedures are executed by the electronic device, the electronic device may also perform other steps described in the above embodiments.

[0134] Computer program code for performing the operations of this disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including but not limited to object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0135] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0136] The units described in the embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in software or hardware. The names of the units are not, in some cases, intended to limit the specific unit.

[0137] The functions described above in this document can be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, exemplary types of hardware logic components that can be used, without limitation, include: field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), and so on.

[0138] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0139] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features disclosed in this disclosure that have similar functions.

[0140] Furthermore, while the operations are described in a specific order, this should not be construed as requiring these operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order. In certain environments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, while several specific implementation details are included in the above discussion, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments.

[0141] Although the subject matter has been described using language specific to structural features and / or methodological logic, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are merely illustrative examples of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. A method for testing battery cells, characterized in that, The method includes: Based on the differential configuration data, test differences are configured in at least two first-capacity cells respectively, and the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. In response to connecting the at least two first capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel, a test module for simulating the target cell is obtained; Based on the test module, cell performance is tested to obtain test data; Based on the test data, the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test differences include at least one of the following types: Production variations include deviations in cell electrode coating thickness, deviations in cell active material loading, or defects in cell electrodes. Differences in usage conditions, including deviations in cell operating temperature or cell assembly preload; The coupling difference between production differences and differences in usage conditions.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The production variances are configured in the following ways: By controlling the parameters of the coating equipment, the electrode coating thickness of the first capacity battery cell is made to deviate from the first standard value by a first target percentage; or, By adjusting the amount of active material coating, the active material loading of the first capacity cell is made to deviate from the second standard value by a second target percentage; or, The first capacity cell is fabricated using an electrode containing the target defect.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The differences in usage conditions are configured in the following ways: The operating temperature of the target first-capacity battery cell is controlled by a temperature control device to prevent deviation from the target temperature value of other first-capacity battery cells; or... By adjusting the clamps, the deviation between the preload force on the target first capacity battery cell and the target pressure value generated by other first capacity battery cells is controlled.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The response to connecting at least two first-capacity cells configured with the test differences in parallel to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell includes: The capacity ratio of the at least two first-capacity cells is determined based on the capacity ratio of different regions inside the target cell. The test module is formed by controlling at least two first-capacity cells to be connected in parallel according to the capacity ratio, and connecting current sensors in series in the branch circuit of each first-capacity cell and arranging temperature sensors on or near the surface of each first-capacity cell.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The cell performance test based on the test module, to obtain test data, includes: Electrochemical performance testing and cycle aging testing were performed on the test module to obtain branch test data for each first capacity cell and overall performance data of the test module. The test module is subjected to security performance testing, and the critical condition data when a security risk is triggered is recorded.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electrochemical performance test and cycle aging test of the test module are performed to obtain the branch test data of each first capacity cell and the overall performance data of the test module, including: The current sensor collects the branch current data of each first capacity cell during the charging and discharging process, and the temperature sensor collects the temperature data of each first capacity cell. Electrochemical performance tests were performed on the test module, and the charge / discharge efficiency, capacity retention rate, and internal resistance change data of the test module were recorded. The test module is subjected to cyclic aging test, and the cycle life data of the test module is recorded.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The step of determining the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data includes: Based on the test data, the correlation between the test differences and cell performance is determined; Based on the test data and the correlation, difference boundary data that meet the performance requirements of the target battery cell are obtained.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test data includes branch test data for each first-capacity cell and overall performance data for the test module; The step of determining the correlation between the test differences and cell performance based on the test data includes: Based on the branch test data of each first capacity cell, a first quantitative relationship is obtained between the test difference and the unevenness of the branch current distribution of each first capacity cell. Based on the overall performance data of the test module, a second quantitative relationship between the test difference and the cycle life decay rate of the test module, and a third quantitative relationship between the test difference and the safety performance threshold of the test module are obtained.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data and the correlation includes: Based on the first quantization relationship, the second quantization relationship, and the third quantization relationship, the difference boundary data is obtained under the premise of ensuring that the cycle life of the test module meets the target requirements and does not trigger safety risks.

11. A battery cell testing device, characterized in that, The device includes: A configuration module is used to configure test differences in at least two first-capacity cells based on difference configuration data, wherein the total capacity of the at least two first-capacity cells connected in parallel matches the target cell. A module is obtained in response to connecting at least two first capacity cells in parallel after configuring the test differences to obtain a test module for simulating the target cell; The testing module is used to perform cell performance testing based on the testing module and obtain test data; The determination module is used to determine the difference boundary data that meets the performance requirements of the target battery cell based on the test data.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory; processor; as well as Computer programs; The computer program is stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

13. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-10.

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