A sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and a detection method

Abstract

The application aims at solving the technical problems of poor anti-interference ability, difficulty in realizing high signal-to-noise ratio and low sensitivity of the existing detection device, and provides a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and a detection method, which comprises a recoil proton target chamber, a neutron conversion target, a threshold limiting component, an ultrafast inorganic scintillation film, a light transmission assembly, a sub-nanosecond photoelectric assembly and a shielding component. The recoil proton target chamber is a sealed vacuum chamber, which comprises a main chamber and target legs in communication with the main chamber and arranged at a certain angle with the main chamber. The neutron conversion target is arranged on the central axis of the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber and perpendicular to the central axis of the main chamber, and the intersection point of the center of the neutron conversion target and the central axis of each target leg is coincident. The threshold limiting component, the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film, the light transmission assembly and the sub-nanosecond photoelectric assembly are sequentially arranged on each target leg. The system time response of the application can reach sub-nanosecond level, and the neutron sensitivity adjustment range is more than six orders of magnitude.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a radiation field detection device, specifically to a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Obtaining high-precision neutron radiation field information is crucial for diagnosing the state of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). By analyzing parameters such as the intensity, time spectrum, and energy spectrum of the neutron radiation field, multidimensional state monitoring and physical process description of the device can be achieved. Inertial confinement fusion processes are extremely rapid, often lasting less than sub-nanoseconds. Therefore, only when the time resolution of the neutron detection system is less than 1 ns and the leading-edge timing accuracy reaches tens of picoseconds can the operational history of the ICF device be effectively reconstructed experimentally, and its theoretical design and parameters verified.

[0003] The recoil proton method is one of the more common methods in pulsed neutron measurement. This method detects neutrons by measuring the recoil protons generated by the reaction of neutrons with a polyethylene conversion target. Currently, the detection devices used in recoil proton target chambers for pulsed neutron measurement are mainly divided into two categories: one is energy-harvesting detection devices based on semiconductors such as Si and SiC; the other is current-collecting detection devices represented by coaxial Faraday cages. Both types of detectors have different problems, specifically in the following aspects:

[0004] 1) Energy harvesting detection devices based on semiconductors such as Si and SiC typically have detector time responses above 7 ns, which cannot guarantee responses in the sub-nanosecond range. Due to the characteristics of the semiconductor detectors they use, attempting to compress the response time by reducing the detector area and thickness inevitably sacrifices sensitivity, detection efficiency, and linear output range.

[0005] 2) Collector-type detectors, such as coaxial Faraday cages, can only indirectly provide information on the intensity of neutrons induced by charged particles, making it difficult to obtain more information about the radiation field, such as the neutron energy spectrum. When applied to recoil proton target chambers, the sensitivity of these detectors is as low as... The following methods are far from meeting the measurement requirements of existing pulsed neutron sources. Furthermore, the signals collected by collector-type detectors must be combined with the time-of-flight period to obtain the neutron energy spectrum, which requires a sufficient distance between the detector and the target, further amplifying its low sensitivity. Other ultrafast neutron detectors with time responses of tens of picoseconds, such as CVD diamond detectors and neutron streak tubes, are limited by factors such as sensitivity and harsh operating conditions, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of large dynamic range, strong anti-interference capability, and high n / γ resolution for pulsed neutron measurements in complex radiation field environments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problems of existing detection devices being unable to achieve sub-nanosecond time response and having low sensitivity. This invention proposes a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and method, which utilizes an ultrafast inorganic scintillation thin film and a sub-nanosecond photoelectric component to detect recoil protons. The system time response can reach the sub-nanosecond level, and the neutron sensitivity adjustment range exceeds 6 orders of magnitude.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device is characterized by comprising a recoil proton target chamber, a neutron conversion target, and shielding components.

[0009] The recoil proton target chamber includes a main chamber and at least two target legs communicating with the main chamber, wherein the central axis of each target leg is distributed at an angle relative to the central axis of the main chamber;

[0010] The neutron conversion target is positioned on the central axis of the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber and is perpendicular to the central axis of the main chamber. The center of the neutron conversion target is located at the intersection of the central axes of each of the target legs. The neutron conversion target interacts with the pulsed neutron beam entering the recoil proton target chamber to generate recoil protons, which are transmitted along the central axes of each target leg.

[0011] Along the transmission path of recoil protons in each of the target legs, a threshold-limiting beam component, an ultrafast inorganic scintillation film, an optical transmission component, and a sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component are sequentially arranged; the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film is coaxially bonded to the threshold-limiting beam component; the optical transmission component is used to transmit the optical signal generated by the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film to the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component; the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; the shielding component is a sleeve with shielding function, which is sleeved on the outside of the optical transmission component and the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component.

[0012] Furthermore, the threshold-limiting beam component and the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film are disposed inside the target leg; one end of the optical transmission component is embedded inside the target leg, and the other end is located outside the target leg.

[0013] Furthermore, the threshold beam limiting component is located at the end of the target leg away from the main chamber; the optical transmission component is located on the outside of the target leg.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical transmission component includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a light guide medium block, and a light cone arranged sequentially along the optical path; the large-diameter end of the light cone faces the light guide medium block, and the small-diameter end is used for coupling with a sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component.

[0015] Furthermore, the angle between the target leg and the main chamber in the recoil proton target chamber is 35°~60°.

[0016] Furthermore, the neutron conversion target is a polyethylene film with a diameter of 20 mm to 100 mm and a thickness of 10 μm to 100 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the threshold limiting beam component is a thin metal sheet structure with a central groove on it. The diameter of the central groove is 20mm to 100mm, and is less than or equal to the diameter of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film.

[0018] Furthermore, the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film is a sub-nanosecond fast-response inorganic scintillation film, made of zinc oxide or gallium nitride, with a thickness of 0.05mm~1mm and a diameter of 20mm~100mm.

[0019] Furthermore, the distance between the center of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film and the neutron conversion target is 10mm~500mm.

[0020] A sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection method, characterized by the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: After collimation, the pulsed neutron beam enters the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber and interacts with the neutron conversion target to produce recoil protons.

[0022] Step 2: The recoil protons are transmitted along the central axis of each target leg in the recoil proton target chamber, and are subjected to energy thresholding and beam limiting screening by the thresholding and beam limiting components on each target leg;

[0023] Step 3: Recoil protons, after being screened by energy card threshold and beam limiting, are incident on the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film to excite and generate an ultrafast scintillation light signal;

[0024] Step 4: The ultrafast scintillation light signal enters the light transmission component, is focused by the light transmission component, and is then incident on the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component to be converted into a sub-nanosecond-level electrical signal;

[0025] Step 5: The sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component outputs the sub-nanosecond electrical signal to an external measuring device for recording and analysis, thus completing the detection of the neutron radiation field.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] 1. The present invention proposes a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and method, which uses an ultrafast inorganic scintillation thin film and a sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component as a proton detection device, realizing neutron radiation field diagnosis on a sub-nanosecond timescale, improving the anti-interference capability, signal-to-noise ratio and radiation tolerance of the recoil proton target chamber, expanding the detection efficiency and sensitivity range of the recoil proton target chamber, and enhancing the adaptability of the recoil proton method to complex radiation fields;

[0028] 2. The present invention proposes a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device and detection method, which effectively overcomes the problem that the system response time slows down as the device area increases when using semiconductor detectors to measure in traditional recoil proton target chambers. It can improve the receiving efficiency of recoil protons without affecting the system response time through a larger area of ​​scintillation film, and can realize state monitoring on the sub-nanosecond time scale.

[0029] 3. The present invention proposes a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device, which can achieve sensitivity adjustment in six orders of magnitude by setting different sub-nanosecond photoelectric components, optical transmission components, scintillation film and neutron conversion target thickness and spacing, etc. It can efficiently customize the detection device for different beam intensities in actual scenarios, and provides strong support for its application in the field of nuclear radiation detection. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an embodiment of the sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the optical transmission component structure of a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the optical transmission component of the sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device of the present invention;

[0034] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0035] 1-Recoil proton target chamber, 2-Neutron conversion target, 3-Cathode-limiting beam component, 4-Ultrafast inorganic scintillation film, 5-Optical transmission component, 6-Sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component, 7-Shielding component. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device proposed in this invention mainly consists of a recoil proton target chamber 1, a neutron conversion target 2, a threshold-limiting beam component 3, an ultrafast inorganic scintillation thin film 4, an optical transmission component 5, a sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component 6, and a shielding component 7. The connection relationship and structure of each component are as follows:

[0038] The recoil proton target chamber 1 is a sealed vacuum chamber, including a main chamber and at least two target legs connected to the main chamber. The central axes of each target leg are distributed at an angle relative to the central axis of the main chamber. The neutron conversion target 2 is installed on the central axis of the main chamber and is placed in a position perpendicular to the main axis. Its center is completely coincident with the intersection point of the central axes of the two target legs, ensuring that the recoil protons generated after the interaction between the neutron and the conversion target can be uniformly shot towards each target leg. The axial extension directions of each target leg do not coincide with each other, so as to achieve simultaneous detection from multiple angles.

[0039] Each target leg is sequentially equipped with a threshold-limiting beam component 3, an ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4, an optical transmission component 5, and a sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component 6 along the neutron transmission direction. The ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 is coaxially attached to the threshold-limiting beam component 3 to ensure that the received recoil protons have a consistent incident angle. The optical transmission component 5 is arranged along the central axis of the target leg, and its core function is to efficiently transmit the optical signal generated by the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 to the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component 6.

[0040] Two typical configurations for the target leg: First, the threshold-limiting beam component 3 and the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 are entirely housed inside the vacuum cavity of the target leg, while the optical transmission component 5 is partially embedded within the target leg, with its frontmost point (the end closest to the scintillation film) located outside the end of the target leg. This structure utilizes the target leg wall to provide excellent mechanical protection and vacuum maintenance for the fragile optical film and the front optical path. Second, the threshold-limiting beam component 3 is directly located at the end of the target leg furthest from the main chamber (i.e., entirely at the end of the target leg). The optical transmission component 5 is entirely located outside the target leg, without interfering with the cavity inside. This structure facilitates the rapid assembly, disassembly, and modular replacement of the optical transmission component 5 and the optoelectronic component 6. In practical applications, each target leg can independently choose either of the above configurations.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the light transmission component 5 includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a light guide medium block, and a light cone arranged sequentially along the light transmission direction. The convex and concave lenses form a lens pair to initially focus and correct aberrations in the diverging light generated by the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4, and guide the beam into the light guide medium block for transmission. Subsequently, the beam enters the light cone, which is a conical structure with a large diameter at the front and a small diameter at the rear. The large-diameter end faces the convex lens, and the small-diameter end is used for coupling with the photosensitive surface (such as a photocathode) of the sub-nanosecond photoelectric component 6. Since the light signal emitted by the scintillation film often has a large scattering angle, the above-described "lens group + light guide + light cone" structure can greatly improve the light collection efficiency, ensuring that weak light signals can enter the photoelectric conversion element with low loss.

[0042] The sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component 6 is installed at the output end of the optical transmission component 5 to convert the received optical signal into a detectable and recordable electrical signal. A shielding component 7 surrounds the optical transmission component 5 and the sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component 6 to shield against external interference and improve the detection signal-to-noise ratio. The vacuum sealing requirement can be achieved in two ways: when the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 is located inside the recoil proton target chamber 1, the lens in the optical transmission component 5 must simultaneously perform the vacuum sealing function of the target chamber; when the threshold-limiting beam component 3 is located outside the recoil proton target chamber 1, this component can simultaneously ensure the vacuum sealing of the target chamber.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the arrangement of the optical transmission component 5 can be flexibly adjusted according to actual detection requirements: its overall structure can be coaxial with the target leg of the recoil proton target chamber 1; if the sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component 6 requires additional shielding protection, the optical path can also be appropriately deflected to adapt to the shielding design. Meanwhile, the vacuum sealing requirement can be achieved in the following two ways: when the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 is located inside the recoil proton target chamber 1, any component in the optical transmission component 5, such as the glass window, lens, or fiber cluster, must simultaneously perform the vacuum sealing function of the target chamber; when the threshold-limiting beam component 3 is located outside the recoil proton target chamber 1, this component can simultaneously ensure the vacuum sealing of the target chamber.

[0044] To improve the system's time response performance, this embodiment employs three optimized designs: First, the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 is placed near the neutron conversion target 2, effectively shortening the transport distance of recoil protons from generation to energy deposition and reducing time-of-flight dispersion caused by proton energy differences; second, a thinner neutron conversion target 2 is selected to reduce the energy difference between protons generated at different depths from the conversion target; and third, the characteristics of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 are utilized to ensure that protons of different energies are converted into light for transmission, avoiding additional time dispersion. Furthermore, the light transmission component 5 can deflect and focus the light generated by the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4, causing the sub-nanosecond-level photoelectric component 6 to deviate from the target leg axis, reducing background interference caused by direct radiation from the neutron conversion target 2. The positional flexibility of the sub-nanosecond-level photoelectric component 6 further enriches the design concept of the shielding component 7, reducing the overall shielding difficulty of the system.

[0045] The specific parameter settings for this embodiment are as follows:

[0046] The front and rear windows of the target chamber are sealed with a titanium film with a diameter of 80 mm and a thickness of 100 μm, and the vacuum degree inside the chamber is controlled at about 1×10⁻³ Pa.

[0047] Target leg angle: In the recoil proton target chamber 1, the angle between the central axis of the target leg and the central axis of the main chamber is set to 35°~60°. Within this angle range, the emission distribution density of recoil protons is high and the geometric optical path is easy to arrange. A more preferred implementation angle is 35°.

[0048] The neutron conversion target 2 uses a polyethylene (PE) film as the conversion material. It is circular in shape, with a diameter of 20 mm to 100 mm and a thickness controlled between 10 μm and 100 μm. Polyethylene has a high hydrogen content, which significantly increases the probability of interaction with neutrons, thereby generating more recoil protons. A preferred design uses a 30 mm diameter, 100 μm thick polyethylene film, suspended and fixed to the center of the main chamber by metal wires.

[0049] The threshold-limiting beam device 3 adopts a thin metal sheet structure, preferably an aluminum sheet, with a central groove having a diameter of 20mm~100mm and a depth of 850μm~995μm. Preferably, this invention uses an aluminum sheet with a diameter of 30mm, a total thickness of 1mm, and a groove depth of 850μm as the threshold-limiting beam component 3. In sub-nanosecond scintillation neutron radiation detection scenarios, the energy of high-energy recoil protons from targets in the field can generally reach 5MeV and above. Recoil protons in this energy range can stably penetrate the thin aluminum layer in the groove and be incident on the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 for detection. Meanwhile, low-energy stray recoil protons and particles deviating from the central beam are intercepted, simultaneously achieving a low-energy particle threshold filtering function.

[0050] The ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 uses a sub-nanosecond fast-response inorganic scintillation film, specifically zinc oxide (ZnO) or gallium nitride (GaN). Its thickness is 0.05 mm to 1 mm, and its diameter is 20 mm to 100 mm. Inorganic scintillation materials have extremely short fluorescence decay times, which can meet the sub-nanosecond time response requirements. A preferred option is a ZnO:Ga single-crystal film with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 0.05 mm, whose emission decay time is approximately 0.7 ns.

[0051] The sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component 6 uses a phototube with a time response of less than 0.5 ns. Testing showed that the system's sensitivity to 14 MeV neutrons is close to 10-10. -19 With a total time response of less than 1 ns (C·cm²), it can be applied to pulsed neutron measurements in related experiments.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment, the following measures can be taken to reduce the neutron sensitivity of the system: the thickness of the neutron conversion target 2 is reduced to 10 μm, and the distance between the neutron conversion target 2 and the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 is increased to 500 mm, thereby reducing the proton flux density by two orders of magnitude.

[0053] The optical transmission component 5 is configured to implement divergence control of flickering emission, and is equipped with a light limiting hole (the aperture is reduced from 40mm to 2mm) and a light shield (the light transmittance is reduced to 1% or less). The above structural combination can attenuate the optical signal by 5 to 6 orders of magnitude.

[0054] Furthermore, the scintillation emission can be focused by configuring the optical transmission component 5, while the thickness of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4 can be increased to 1 mm. The two work together to enhance the optical signal by about one order of magnitude.

[0055] By combining the above-mentioned signal attenuation and signal enhancement control methods, this system can achieve a dynamic adjustment range of more than six orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the sub-nanosecond photoelectric component 6 is replaced with a hybrid phototube with signal gain (gain value ranging from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻¹⁰). 3 Photomultiplier tubes with or higher gain (gain range 10) 4 ~10 6 This can further broaden the signal conditioning range of the system.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection method, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: The pulsed neutron beam is collimated and directed into the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber 1, bombarding the neutron conversion target 2 located on the central axis of the main chamber. The neutron conversion target 2 interacts with the neutrons, generating recoil protons that scatter in all directions. Some of these recoil protons move along the central axis of each target leg. Step 2: The recoil protons entering each target leg first pass through the threshold-limiting beam confinement component 3. Spatial confinement is achieved through the central groove on the metal sheet, and its physical structure simultaneously filters the proton energy using a cutoff threshold, eliminating stray particles whose energy does not meet the preset requirements. Step 3: The qualified recoil protons continue to propagate and are incident on the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film 4. The recoil protons ionize and excite the film material, causing the film molecules to de-excite, thereby generating an optical signal. Due to the use of sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation material, the rise time and decay of this optical signal are extremely fast, maintaining a very high time correlation with the original pulsed neutron beam. Step 4: The ultrafast scintillation light signal enters the light transmission component 5 in the form of diverging light. Guided by its internal convex and concave lenses, it passes through the light-guiding medium block and is finally focused into a small-aperture beam by the light cone, smoothly incident on the photosensitive surface of the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component 6. The optoelectronic component receives photons and generates photoelectrons, which are internally multiplied and amplified, ultimately outputting a sub-nanosecond-level electrical signal. During this process, the shielding component 7 effectively isolates ambient radiation, ensuring low-noise output of the electrical signal. Step 5: The sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component 6 outputs the converted sub-nanosecond-level electrical signal to external measuring equipment (such as a high-speed oscilloscope or digitizer). The external measuring equipment performs data sampling, recording, and waveform analysis, thereby achieving high-precision detection of the energy, flux, and time characteristics of the pulsed neutron radiation field.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device, characterized in that: It includes a recoil proton target chamber (1), a neutron conversion target (2), and a shielding component (7); The recoil proton target chamber (1) includes a main chamber and at least two target legs communicating with the main chamber, wherein the central axis of each target leg is distributed at an angle relative to the central axis of the main chamber; The neutron conversion target (2) is located on the central axis of the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber (1) and is perpendicular to the central axis of the main chamber. The center of the neutron conversion target (2) is located at the intersection of the central axes of each target leg. The neutron conversion target (2) interacts with the pulsed neutron beam entering the recoil proton target chamber (1) to generate recoil protons, which are transmitted along the central axes of each target leg. Along the transmission path of recoil protons in each of the target legs, a threshold-limiting beam component (3), an ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4), an optical transmission component (5), and a sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component (6) are sequentially arranged; the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) is coaxially attached to the threshold-limiting beam component (3); the optical transmission component (5) is used to transmit the optical signal generated by the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) to the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component (6); the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component (6) is used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; the shielding component (7) is a sleeve with shielding function, which is sleeved on the outside of the optical transmission component (5) and the sub-nanosecond-level optoelectronic component (6).

2. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshold limiting beam component (3) and the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) are disposed inside the target leg; one end of the optical transmission component (5) is embedded inside the target leg, and the other end is located outside the target leg.

3. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threshold limiting beam component (3) is located at the end of the target leg away from the main chamber; the optical transmission component (5) is located on the outside of the target leg.

4. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The optical transmission component (5) includes a convex lens, a concave lens, a light guide medium block, and a light cone arranged sequentially along the optical path; the large-diameter end of the light cone faces the light guide medium block, and the small-diameter end is used to couple with the sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component (6).

5. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angle between the target leg and the main chamber in the recoil proton target chamber (1) is 35°~60°.

6. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The neutron conversion target (2) is a polyethylene film with a diameter of 20 mm to 100 mm and a thickness of 10 μm to 100 μm.

7. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The threshold limiting beam component (3) is a metal sheet structure with a central groove. The diameter of the central groove is 20mm~100mm and is less than or equal to the diameter of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4).

8. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) is a sub-nanosecond fast-response inorganic scintillation film, made of zinc oxide or gallium nitride, with a thickness of 0.05mm~1mm and a diameter of 20mm~100mm.

9. The sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The distance between the center of the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) and the neutron conversion target (2) is 10 mm to 500 mm.

10. A method for detecting sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation fields, based on the sub-nanosecond inorganic scintillation neutron radiation field detection device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: After collimation, the pulsed neutron beam enters the main chamber of the recoil proton target chamber (1) and interacts with the neutron conversion target (2) to generate recoil protons; Step 2: The recoil protons are transmitted along the central axis of each target leg of the recoil proton target chamber (1), and are subjected to energy thresholding and beam limiting screening by the thresholding and beam limiting components (3) on each target leg; Step 3: Recoil protons, after being screened by energy card threshold and beam limiting, are incident on the ultrafast inorganic scintillation film (4) to generate an ultrafast scintillation light signal; Step 4: The ultrafast scintillation light signal enters the light transmission component (5), is focused by the light transmission component (5), and is incident on the sub-nanosecond-level photoelectric component (6) to be converted into a sub-nanosecond-level electrical signal; Step 5: The sub-nanosecond optoelectronic component (6) outputs the sub-nanosecond electrical signal to an external measuring device for recording and analysis, thus completing the detection of the neutron radiation field.

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