Display device, mapping method of luminance values, and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a display device, a brightness value mapping method and a vehicle. The display device can be applied to an intelligent cockpit. The display device comprises a display panel provided with a plurality of physical pixels, a lenticular lens provided on the light exit side of the display panel and comprising a plurality of parallel arranged cylindrical lenses, and a processing module electrically connected with the display panel and configured to map the brightness value of each virtual pixel to the physical pixel after weighting processing of the brightness value of each virtual pixel corresponding to the same physical pixel according to the spatial overlap area proportion of the virtual pixels on the physical pixel. Thus, the on-demand distribution of the physical pixel brightness information can be realized. While the brightness details of each pixel are retained, the view point crosstalk is effectively inhibited and the edge imaging quality is improved, so that the multi-view naked eye three-dimensional display effect with high restoration and low crosstalk is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display device, a method for mapping brightness values, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of display technology, users have placed higher demands on the quality of image presentation. Naked-eye 3D display technology, which provides viewers with a stereoscopic visual experience without the need for auxiliary equipment such as polarized glasses or shutter glasses, has become a research hotspot in the field of 3D display.

[0003] In related technologies, naked-eye 3D display devices are not only prone to crosstalk between different viewpoints, but also exhibit jagged artifacts or grid textures at the edges of the projected image, resulting in harsh image transitions, rough visual effects, and seriously impairing display quality and viewing comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a display device with a more reliable structure, which can not only preserve the brightness details of each physical pixel on the display panel and prevent defects such as rasterization or jagged stripes at the edges of the screen, but also avoid crosstalk between different viewpoints.

[0005] The present invention further proposes a method for mapping brightness values.

[0006] The present invention further proposes a vehicle.

[0007] The display device according to the present invention includes: a display panel having a plurality of physical pixels for emitting light carrying image information; a lenticular lens grating disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel and including a plurality of parallel cylindrical lenses for splitting the light emitted by the display panel to form a plurality of virtual pixels belonging to different viewpoints; and a processing module electrically connected to the display panel and configured to weight and map the brightness values ​​of each virtual pixel to the physical pixel based on the spatial overlap area ratio of the multiple virtual pixels corresponding to the same physical pixel on the physical pixel.

[0008] Therefore, by electrically connecting the processing module to the display panel and configuring it to weight the brightness values ​​of each virtual pixel and map them to the physical pixel based on the spatial overlap area ratio of multiple virtual pixels corresponding to the same physical pixel on the physical pixel, the brightness information of the physical pixel can be allocated on demand. While preserving the brightness details of each pixel, it effectively suppresses viewpoint crosstalk and improves edge imaging quality, thereby achieving a high-fidelity, low-crosstalk multi-viewpoint naked-eye 3D display effect.

[0009] In some examples of the present invention, the orthographic projection of a single physical pixel in a first direction and the orthographic projection of the corresponding virtual pixel in the first direction do not completely coincide, the first direction being perpendicular to the display panel.

[0010] In some examples of the present invention, the length of the physical pixel extends in a second direction, at least a portion of the plurality of physical pixels are arranged in a third direction, the length of the virtual pixel is inclined relative to the second direction toward the third direction, at least a portion of the plurality of virtual pixels are arranged in a third direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and both the second direction and the third direction are parallel to each other with respect to the display panel.

[0011] In some examples of the present invention, the cylindrical lens in the cylindrical grating includes a planar base and an arcuate protrusion. The planar base is fitted to the light-emitting side of the display panel, and the arcuate protrusion is disposed on the side of the planar base away from the display panel and protrudes in a direction away from the display panel.

[0012] In some examples of the present invention, the display device further includes a detector electrically connected to the processing module, and the detector is respectively configured to correspond to the lenticular grating and the display panel.

[0013] The brightness value mapping method according to the embodiments of the present invention is applicable to the display device described above and includes the following steps: obtaining the original brightness value of each physical pixel on the display panel; calculating the overlapping area ratio of different virtual pixel projections under the same physical pixel; performing a nonlinear weighted operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels corresponding to a single physical pixel to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel; mapping the output brightness value to the corresponding virtual pixel and outputting it to the display panel to realize multi-viewpoint display.

[0014] In some examples of the present invention, the step of performing a nonlinear weighted calculation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels corresponding to a single physical pixel to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel includes: normalizing the overlap area ratio of each virtual pixel to obtain a normalized weight coefficient; and performing a nonlinear weighted average calculation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels corresponding to a single physical pixel based on the original brightness value of each physical pixel and the normalized weight coefficient to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel.

[0015] In some examples of the present invention, before the step of obtaining the original brightness value of each physical pixel on the display panel, the method further includes: matching the grating period, lenticular curvature and tilt angle of the lenticular grating according to the pixel size of the display panel and the number of target viewpoints.

[0016] In some examples of the present invention, before the step of performing a nonlinear weighted average calculation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels corresponding to a single physical pixel based on the original brightness value of each physical pixel and the normalized weight coefficient to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel, the method further includes: performing a nonlinear weighted average processing on the normalized weight coefficient using one of the following algorithms: power nonlinear weighted average, sigmoid nonlinear weighted average, exponential nonlinear weighted average, piecewise nonlinear weighting, etc., to optimize the normalized weight coefficient and obtain the nonlinear weight coefficient.

[0017] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the display device described above; or, a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the brightness value mapping method described above.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of physical pixels on a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of virtual pixels on a lenticular grating according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lenticular lens grating bonded to the display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the area mapping relationship between physical pixels and virtual pixels according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the area mapping relationship between physical pixels and virtual pixels according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structural layout of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of a brightness value mapping method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a brightness value mapping method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a first brightness value mapping method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart of a second brightness value mapping method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a graph showing the normalized light intensity variation relationship of each viewpoint under different viewing angles in a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure label: 100. Display device; 10. Display panel; 101. Physical pixel; 102. Light source; 103. Light-emitting side; 20. Cylindrical grating; 201. Cylindrical lens; 202. Virtual pixel; 203. Planar substrate; 204. Curved protrusion; 30. Reflector; 40. Windshield. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0022] The following is for reference. Figures 1-12 A method for mapping brightness values ​​to a display device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described, and the method for mapping brightness values ​​can be applied to the display device 100.

[0023] Combination Figures 1-7As shown, the display device 100 according to the present invention mainly includes: a display panel 10, a lenticular lens grating 20, and a processing module. The display panel 10 has a plurality of physical pixels 101 for emitting light rays 102 carrying image information; the lenticular lens grating 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side 103 of the display panel 10 and includes a plurality of parallel cylindrical lenses 201, which are used to split the light rays 102 emitted by the display panel 10 to form a plurality of virtual pixels 202 belonging to different viewpoints; the processing module is electrically connected to the display panel 10 and configured to weight the brightness values ​​of each virtual pixel 202 according to the spatial overlap area ratio of the plurality of virtual pixels 202 corresponding to the same physical pixel 101 on the physical pixel 101, and then map the weighted values ​​to the physical pixel 101.

[0024] Specifically, the display panel 10 is provided with a plurality of physical pixels 101, which together form a physical pixel 101 array. The physical pixel 101 array can receive image data signals output by the corresponding driving circuit and adjust the light emission intensity of each physical pixel 101 according to the signal, thereby emitting light rays 102 with information such as color and brightness. These light rays 102 can reproduce the color and brightness distribution of the target image in space, providing the lenticular lens grating 20 with incident light rays 102 containing complete color and brightness information.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the display panel 10 includes, but is not limited to, liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light-emitting diode display (OLED), Mini-LED display, and Micro-LED display.

[0026] Furthermore, the lenticular lens grating 20 is disposed on the light-emitting side 103 of the display panel 10 to receive the light 102 emitted by the display panel 10. The multiple parallel cylindrical lenses 201 in the lenticular lens grating 20 can split the light 102 emitted by the display panel 10 to form multiple virtual pixels 202 belonging to different viewpoints, thereby projecting images from different viewpoints to different positions in space, so that the human eye can see different images from different angles, realizing naked-eye 3D imaging.

[0027] Furthermore, the projection of each physical pixel 101 in the first direction can simultaneously form an overlapping area with the projection of multiple virtual pixels 202 in the first direction. The processing module can calculate the overlapping area ratio of the projections of each virtual pixel 202 corresponding to the same physical pixel 101 along the first direction, and normalize the area ratio of the projections of each virtual pixel 202 to obtain normalized weight coefficients, providing reliable input for subsequent weighted calculations.

[0028] In a first embodiment of the present invention, the normalized weight coefficient is used as the non-linear weighting coefficient, and the corresponding formula is used to perform a non-linear weighted average operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101.

[0029] In this way, by accurately identifying the spatial area correspondence between virtual pixel 202 and physical pixel 101, and relying on the proportion of the overlapping projection area of ​​virtual pixel 202 and physical pixel 101 in the first direction to allocate brightness, a reasonable mapping of the brightness information of physical pixel 101 can be achieved from both spatial distribution and numerical calculation dimensions. This can reduce crosstalk of light 102 between viewpoints from the bottom layer and specifically solve the problem of stereoscopic imaging crosstalk.

[0030] In a second embodiment of the present invention, one of the following algorithms is used to perform nonlinear weighted averaging on the normalized weight coefficients to optimize the normalized weight coefficients and obtain nonlinear weight coefficients. Then, the nonlinear weight coefficients are used as nonlinear weighting coefficients and substituted into the corresponding formula to perform nonlinear weighted averaging on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101.

[0031] In this way, by performing a non-linear weighted average calculation on the proportion of the projected overlap area of ​​virtual pixels 202 and physical pixels 101 in the first direction, and then allocating brightness based on the optimized non-linear weight coefficients, and mapping it to the corresponding raster virtual pixels 202, the output brightness corresponding to areas with smaller projected overlap areas can be reduced, while higher weights can be assigned to areas with larger projected overlap areas. This suppresses viewpoint crosstalk in edge areas and makes the image in edge areas smoother, preventing defects such as rasterization or jagged stripes in edge areas. Based on this, on-demand allocation of brightness information of physical pixels 101 can be achieved, preserving the brightness details of each pixel while avoiding brightness superposition and crosstalk problems caused by spatial non-overlap.

[0032] Moreover, this application relies solely on software algorithms to reduce crosstalk and optimize the display effect of the display device 100. It does not require additional hardware such as LCD panels or camera acquisition components. Furthermore, the computational load is moderate and will not result in excessive computing power consumption. It can simplify the overall structure and reduce hardware production costs while retaining the imaging advantages of the lenticular lens grating 20. It is also convenient for retrofitting existing display devices and facilitating mass production.

[0033] Furthermore, the processing module is electrically connected to the display panel 10. The processing module can receive the raw brightness data of each physical pixel 101 on the display panel 10, and combine it with the normalized weight coefficient or optimized nonlinear weight coefficient obtained by its own calculation to perform a nonlinear weighted average calculation on the brightness value of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101, so as to obtain the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101. Then, the processing module generates a drive control signal for the display panel 10 based on the brightness value and sends it to the display panel 10, so that each physical pixel 101 of the display panel 10 emits light according to the brightness value obtained by the nonlinear weighted average calculation, and projects the light 102 carrying image information onto the preset viewing area, thereby achieving a high-fidelity, low-crosstalk multi-viewpoint three-dimensional display effect.

[0034] Therefore, by electrically connecting the processing module to the display panel 10 and configuring it to weight the brightness values ​​of each virtual pixel 202 and map them to the physical pixel 101 according to the spatial overlap area ratio of multiple virtual pixels 202 corresponding to the same physical pixel 101 on the physical pixel 101, the brightness information of the physical pixel 101 can be allocated on demand. While preserving the brightness details of each pixel, it effectively suppresses viewpoint crosstalk and improves edge imaging quality, thereby achieving a high-fidelity, low-crosstalk multi-viewpoint naked-eye 3D display effect.

[0035] Combination Figures 4-6 As shown, the orthographic projection of a single physical pixel 101 in the first direction and the orthographic projection of the corresponding virtual pixel 202 in the first direction do not completely overlap, and the first direction is perpendicular to the display panel 10.

[0036] Specifically, the light 102 emitted by the physical pixel 101 is refracted by the cylindrical lens, and the emission direction is deflected to form multiple spatially separated viewpoint areas on the light-emitting side 103 of the display panel 10. This allows viewers in different viewpoint areas to receive light 102 from different physical pixels 101, thereby creating parallax and achieving a stereoscopic display effect.

[0037] Furthermore, by controlling the projection position relationship between physical pixel 101 and virtual pixel 202 in the direction perpendicular to the display panel 10, a preset offset exists between their projections in this direction. This allows the virtual pixel 202 and physical pixel 101 to be set relatively tilted. This not only ensures that the imaging area corresponding to each viewpoint spatially spans multiple physical sub-pixels of different colors, preventing a single viewpoint from being dominated by a sub-pixel of only one primary color, thus missing the other two primary colors, but also ensures that each viewpoint can effectively acquire the light intensity information of the three primary colors (red, green, and blue) for accurate color reproduction. Moreover, it prevents resolution imbalance in the second and third directions from causing image blurring or distortion, thereby balancing the effective display resolution in these two orthogonal directions and presenting a more natural and comfortable visual experience. In addition, it can form a regular and staggered pixel arrangement to optimize pixel signal allocation logic, providing hardware-level structural support for the stable operation of subsequent pixel mapping algorithms.

[0038] Combination Figures 1-4 As shown, the length of the physical pixel 101 extends in the second direction, and at least a portion of the plurality of physical pixels 101 are arranged in the third direction. The length of the virtual pixel 202 is inclined relative to the second direction toward the third direction, and at least a portion of the plurality of virtual pixels 202 are arranged in the third direction. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, and both the second direction and the third direction are parallel to each other with respect to the display panel 10.

[0039] Specifically, by tilting the virtual pixel 202 relative to the physical pixel 101, this not only ensures that the imaging area corresponding to each viewpoint spatially spans multiple physical sub-pixels of different colors, preventing a single viewpoint from being dominated by sub-pixels of a single primary color and missing the remaining two primary colors, thus ensuring that each viewpoint can effectively acquire the light intensity information of the three primary colors of red, green, and blue, achieving accurate color reproduction, but also prevents resolution imbalance in the second and third orthogonal directions from causing image blurring or distortion, thereby balancing the effective display resolution in these two orthogonal directions and presenting a more natural and comfortable visual experience. Furthermore, it can form a regular and staggered pixel arrangement to optimize pixel signal allocation logic, providing hardware-level structural support for the stable operation of subsequent pixel mapping algorithms.

[0040] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the cylindrical lens 201 in the cylindrical lens grating 20 includes a planar base 203 and an arc-shaped protrusion 204. The planar base 203 is attached to the light-emitting side 103 of the display panel 10, and the arc-shaped protrusion 204 is disposed on the side of the planar base 203 away from the display panel 10 and protrudes in a direction away from the display panel 10.

[0041] Specifically, the planar substrate 203 is fully fitted to the surface of the light-emitting side 103 of the display panel 10. This not only eliminates the air gap between the lenticular lens grating 20 and the display panel 10, improving the assembly accuracy and stability between the two, but also reduces the reflection loss and stray light generated when the light 102 passes through different media interfaces, improving the transmission efficiency of the pixel light 102 and avoiding the attenuation of screen brightness. Furthermore, the arc-shaped protrusion 204 can form a continuous and smooth refractive surface, which can orderly split and deflect the light 102 emitted from the display panel 10, control the emission angle of the light 102 of different physical pixels 101, and, together with the tilted and staggered pixel structure, divide the independent viewpoints that do not interfere with each other, reduce the crosstalk of light 102 between different viewpoints, and weaken the problems of ghosting, blurring or distortion that are prone to occur in stereoscopic images.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present invention, the arcuate protrusion 204 is semi-cylindrical.

[0043] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the display device 100 also includes a detector, which is electrically connected to the processing module. The detector is respectively set with the lenticular grating 20 and the display panel 10.

[0044] Specifically, the lenticular lens grating 20 and the display panel 10 cannot be perfectly aligned in actual assembly. By using a detector, the actual assembly position of the lenticular lens grating 20 and the display panel 10 can be detected, thereby obtaining the offset of the lenticular lens grating 20 relative to the initial assembly position of the display panel 10.

[0045] Furthermore, the detector is electrically connected to the processing module. The detector can transmit the collected position data or the processed position offset to the processing module so that the processing module can perform a non-linear weighted average calculation on the brightness value of the virtual pixel 202.

[0046] Combination Figure 7 As shown, the display device 100 also includes a reflector 30, which is spaced apart on the side of the lenticular grating 20 away from the display panel 10. The reflector 30 is adapted to receive the light 102 emitted through the lenticular grating 20 and reflect the light 102 outward.

[0047] Specifically, by arranging reflectors 30 at intervals on the outer side of the cylindrical lens grating 20, the stereoscopic imaging light 102 after being refracted and split by the cylindrical lens grating 20 can be focused, regulated, and guided twice, so that the multi-angle beam emitted from the cylindrical lens grating 20 can be directed to a more suitable viewing area, while reducing light energy loss and improving the overall brightness of the image.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reflector 30 is a concave mirror. This allows the curved light-gathering properties of the concave mirror to converge, collect, and reflect the light rays 102 refracted and split by the cylindrical grating 20. This not only forms a magnified real or virtual image but also concentrates and disperses the light beam, improving the brightness and clarity of the image.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present invention, the reflector 30 includes a primary reflector 30 and a secondary reflector 30. The primary reflector 30 is disposed on the light-emitting side 103 of the lenticular lens grating 20 and is used to receive the light 102 emitted from the lenticular lens grating 20 and reflect it to the secondary reflector 30. The secondary reflector 30 is disposed on the light-emitting side 103 of the primary reflector 30 and is used to receive the light 102 reflected by the primary reflector 30 and reflect it again to guide the light 102 to a preset viewing area. When both the primary reflector 30 and the secondary reflector 30 are concave mirrors, their curvatures can be adjusted as needed. By matching the curvature values ​​and mirror sizes of the two sets of concave mirrors, the beam convergence, imaging magnification ratio, and effective viewing distance can be flexibly controlled to adapt to devices of different sizes and installation spaces.

[0050] The display device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to a smart cockpit, which can be applied to a vehicle. Specifically, the light 102 output by the lenticular lens grating 20, after being reflected and controlled by the reflector 30, can be projected onto the windshield 40 of the vehicle, thereby forming virtual images with parallax at the left and right eye positions of the driver and passengers, respectively, to achieve a natural and stable naked-eye three-dimensional display effect.

[0051] Combination Figure 8 As shown, the brightness value mapping method according to the present invention is applicable to the above-described display device 100 and may mainly include the following steps: obtaining the original brightness value of each physical pixel 101 on the display panel 10; calculating the overlapping area ratio of different virtual pixels 202 projected under the same physical pixel 101; performing a nonlinear weighted operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101; mapping the output brightness value to the corresponding virtual pixel 202 and outputting it to the display panel 10 to realize multi-viewpoint display.

[0052] Specifically, the original brightness values ​​of each physical pixel 101 on the display panel 10 are collected, and the original brightness values ​​are subjected to noise reduction processing to eliminate abnormal data introduced by noise, ambient light and hardware sampling errors. Then, normalization processing is performed to uniformly map the original brightness values ​​of each physical pixel 101 to a preset dynamic range, ensuring the accuracy and consistency of the original brightness values ​​and providing reliable data support for subsequent weighted calculations.

[0053] Furthermore, the processing module calibrates the spatial mapping relationship between the lenticular lens grating 20 and the display panel 10 at the pixel level, and simultaneously calculates the percentage of overlapping area of ​​different virtual pixels 202 projected along the first direction under the same physical pixel 101. This percentage of overlapping area is used as the proportion in which the brightness value of the physical pixel 101 is allocated to each virtual viewing angle.

[0054] Furthermore, the original brightness value of the physical pixel 101 is mapped to its corresponding virtual pixel 202, and the brightness value mapped to each virtual pixel 202 is obtained. Then, weights are assigned based on the proportion of overlapping area of ​​different virtual pixels 202 projected along the first direction under the same physical pixel 101, and a non-linear weighted operation is performed on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101. Subsequently, the output brightness value is mapped to the corresponding virtual pixel 202 and output to the display panel 10 to realize multi-viewpoint display.

[0055] In this way, by using the proportion of the overlapping area of ​​the virtual pixel 202 and the physical pixel 101 projected in the first direction as the weight for nonlinear weighted calculation, the brightness of the physical pixel 101 is compensated and redistributed to obtain the final output brightness value of each physical pixel 101. The output brightness value is then mapped and output accordingly. This allows for a reasonable mapping of the brightness information of the physical pixel 101 from both spatial distribution and numerical calculation dimensions. It can also cut off the conditions for crosstalk between viewpoints from the underlying optical path logic, forming a root-cause and targeted suppression effect on the crosstalk problem. As a result, the brightness of the image or picture output by the display device 100 is more uniform at each viewpoint, effectively improving visual comfort.

[0056] Combination Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the steps for performing a non-linear weighted average operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101 include: normalizing the overlap area ratio of each virtual pixel 202 to obtain a normalized weight coefficient; and performing a non-linear weighted average operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 based on the original brightness value of each physical pixel 101 and the normalized weight coefficient to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101.

[0057] Specifically, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the projection of a single physical pixel 101 in the first direction simultaneously forms an overlapping area with the projections of two virtual pixels 202 in the first direction. The two virtual pixels 202 are defined as the first virtual pixel 202 and the second virtual pixel 202, respectively. The area of ​​a single physical pixel 101 is set to S, the overlapping area of ​​the projection of the first virtual pixel 202 in the first direction and the projection of the physical pixel 101 in the first direction is S1, and the area ratio of the overlapping area to the area of ​​the single physical pixel 101 is K1. Then K1 = S1 / S. The overlapping area of ​​the projection of the second virtual pixel 202 in the first direction and the projection of the physical pixel 101 in the first direction is S2. The area ratio of the overlapping area to the area of ​​a single physical pixel 101 is K2. Then K2 = S2 / S. Then, K1 and K2 are normalized to obtain the normalized weight coefficients. 1 and 2, then 1 and 2. Satisfies the normalization condition: 1+ 2 = 1.

[0058] In a second embodiment of the present invention, the projection of a single physical pixel 101 in the first direction can simultaneously form an overlapping area with the projections of three virtual pixels 202 in the first direction.

[0059] In other embodiments of the present invention, the projection of a single physical pixel 101 in the first direction may simultaneously form an overlapping area with the projection of four or more virtual pixels 202 in the first direction.

[0060] Furthermore, the original brightness value of physical pixel 101 is mapped to its corresponding virtual pixel 202, and the brightness value of each virtual pixel 202 is obtained. Then, using the normalized weight coefficient mentioned above as the non-linear weighting coefficient, the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 are non-linearly weighted based on the following formula 1 to obtain the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101.

[0061] Formula 1 is:

[0062] It should be noted that Formula 1 Represents the nonlinear weighting coefficients. This indicates the brightness of virtual pixel 202. This represents the final output brightness value corresponding to each physical pixel 101.

[0063] In this way, the spatial area correspondence between virtual pixel 202 and physical pixel 101 can be accurately established. Then, the normalized result of the proportion of the overlapping area of ​​their projections can be used as the weight for nonlinear weighted calculation to compensate and redistribute the brightness of physical pixel 101. The brightness information of physical pixel 101 can be reasonably mapped from both spatial distribution and numerical calculation dimensions. This can cut off the conditions for crosstalk between viewpoints from the underlying optical path logic, and form a root-cause and targeted suppression effect on the crosstalk problem.

[0064] Furthermore, the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101 after nonlinear weighted averaging is precisely mapped to the corresponding virtual pixel 202 through the lenticular lens grating 20, thus completing the transmission of brightness information between the physical pixel 101 and the virtual pixel 202. By synchronously controlling the display panel 10 and the lenticular lens grating 20 to coordinate imaging, a real-time display image can be output, realizing naked-eye 3D imaging.

[0065] The image source can be generated by Equation 2, which implements multi-viewpoint mapping. Equation 2 is:

[0066] It should be noted that (x, y) in Formula 2 represents spatial coordinates, and k_off represents the offset of the lenticular lens grating 20 relative to the initial assembly position of the display panel 10. X represents the raster slope, and X represents the number of physical pixels covered by a single lenticular lens. This represents the number of viewpoints, where N represents the viewpoint corresponding to that spatial location. Each viewpoint is illuminated sequentially according to Formula 2, meaning each viewpoint is set to a white image and the other viewpoints are set to black images, and their light intensity is measured at different angles.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, the number of viewpoints is set to 8, and the grating tilt angle is set to arctan(1 / 3). Therefore, according to the pixel mapping rule proposed by the present invention, normalized light intensity variation curves for each viewpoint under different viewing angles can be obtained, such as... Figure 12 As shown in the figure, it can be observed that the brightness value mapping method in this application can reduce crosstalk between different viewpoints.

[0068] Combination Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, before the step of obtaining the original brightness value of each physical pixel 101 on the display panel 10, the method further includes: matching the grating period, lenticular curvature and tilt angle of the lenticular lens grating 20 according to the pixel size and target viewpoint number of the display panel 10.

[0069] Specifically, based on the pixel size and target number of viewpoints of the display panel 10, the grating period, lenticular curvature, and tilt angle of the lenticular lens 20 are matched and designed. By reasonably matching the grating period and lenticular curvature, a single cylindrical lens 201 can cover an appropriate number of physical pixels 101, and the divergence of the light 102 emitted by the physical pixels 101 can be controlled. This makes the spatial distribution of multiple viewpoints more reasonable, preventing the viewpoints from being too scattered, resulting in a narrow effective viewing range, and preventing the viewpoints from being too crowded, resulting in crosstalk. This ensures that the lenticular lens 20 can directionally refract the light 102 emitted by the pixel array on the display panel 10 to different positions in space, forming a multi-viewpoint naked-eye 3D effect. At the same time, by adjusting the tilt angle of the lenticular lens 20, the vertical and horizontal resolution balance of the virtual pixels 202 can be ensured, and the distribution of the overlapping area of ​​the projection of each virtual pixel 202 can be regulated, laying the hardware foundation for the mapping of physical pixels 101 and virtual pixels 202.

[0070] In some embodiments of the present invention, combined with Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, before the step of performing a nonlinear weighted average operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 based on the original brightness value and normalized weight coefficient of each physical pixel 101 to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101, the method further includes: using one of the following algorithms, such as power-law nonlinear weighted average, sigmoid nonlinear weighted average, exponential nonlinear weighted average, and piecewise nonlinear weighted average, to perform nonlinear weighted average processing on the normalized weight coefficient, so as to optimize the normalized weight coefficient and obtain the nonlinear weight coefficient.

[0071] Specifically, after the lenticular lens grating 20 is set to be tilted relative to the display panel 10, the light emitted by each physical pixel 101 on the display panel 10 will enter multiple virtual pixels 202. The overlapping area ratio of each virtual pixel 202 matching the same physical pixel 101 projected along the first direction is normalized to obtain the normalized weight coefficient. 1 and After step 2, one of the following algorithms can be used to perform a nonlinear weighted average on the normalized weight coefficients: power-law nonlinear weighted average, sigmoid-type nonlinear weighted average, exponential nonlinear weighted average, or piecewise nonlinear weighted average. This optimizes the normalized weight coefficients and thus calculates the nonlinear weight coefficients. Then, based on the original brightness value of each physical pixel 101 and the nonlinear weighting coefficient, a nonlinear weighted average calculation is performed on the brightness value of all virtual pixels 202 corresponding to a single physical pixel 101 to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel 101. This can further reduce the output brightness corresponding to areas with smaller projection overlap areas, while assigning higher weights to areas with larger projection overlap areas, thereby suppressing viewpoint crosstalk in edge areas and preventing defects such as rasterization or jagged stripes, making the transition at the edge of the image smoother.

[0072] Specifically, the formula for calculating the power-law nonlinear weighted average is as follows:

[0073] Here, the power 'p' is an adjustment parameter, which can take any real number greater than 0. When p is greater than 1, it strengthens large weights and suppresses small weights; that is, the weight of target viewpoints with large area ratios is amplified, while the weight of non-target viewpoints with small area ratios is compressed, resulting in strong crosstalk suppression. When p is greater than 0 and less than 1, it weakens large weights and increases small weights, making the weight distribution smoother and suppressing moiré patterns caused by brightness jumps, suitable for scenarios with uneven sub-pixel segmentation at raster edges. When p equals 1, it degenerates into a linear weighted average, making the calculation simpler.

[0074] Specifically, the formula for calculating the Sigmoid-type nonlinear weighted average is as follows:

[0075] Where α is the sensitivity parameter, and it is greater than 0. The larger α is, the steeper the curve, and When the value is around 0.5, the area ratio changes more sensitively and the differentiation is stronger; the smaller α is, the flatter the curve is and the better the smoothing effect.

[0076] Specifically, the formula for calculating the exponential nonlinear weighted average is as follows:

[0077] in, This indicates the enhancement parameter. The exponential function allows for a gentle increase in weights for small area ratios and a slow convergence in weights for large area ratios. It offers higher smoothness than power-law nonlinear weighted averages and avoids excessive amplification of small weights that could lead to increased crosstalk, thus balancing crosstalk suppression and brightness smoothing. In practical engineering applications, the exponential term can be implemented using a lookup table.

[0078] Specifically, the formula for calculating the piecewise nonlinear weighted average is as follows:

[0079] Where a, b, and c are fitting coefficients, which can be adjusted based on optical simulation or measured brightness. The piecewise nonlinear weighted averaging scheme comprehensively considers small area ratio filtering, medium area ratio quadratic smoothing, and large area ratio linear enhancement, taking into account crosstalk suppression, moiré optimization, and computational complexity.

[0080] Combination Figures 8-11 As shown, before the step of normalizing the overlap area ratio of each virtual pixel 202 to obtain the normalized weight coefficient, the method further includes: obtaining the initial assembly offset and grating slope of the display panel 10 and the lenticular lens grating 20.

[0081] Specifically, by incorporating the initial assembly offset of the display panel 10 and the lenticular lens 20, as well as the grating slope of the lenticular lens 20, into the spatial mapping calibration range, the pixel projection offset state caused by the actual assembly and the tilted grating can be accurately obtained. This allows for the precise calculation of the actual projection overlap area ratio between the physical pixel 101 and each virtual pixel 202, avoiding the neglect of weight calculation errors caused by assembly deviations and grating tilt, and ensuring that the obtained normalized weight coefficients more closely match the actual beam splitting path. Furthermore, the initial assembly offset of the display panel 10 and the lenticular lens 20 can also provide data support for subsequent multi-viewpoint mapping calculations, i.e., Formula 2.

[0082] The vehicle according to the present invention includes: the display device 100 described above; or, a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the brightness value mapping method described above.

[0083] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0084] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0085] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display device, characterized in that, include: The display panel (10) is provided with multiple physical pixels (101) for emitting light (102) carrying image information. A cylindrical lens grating (20) is disposed on the light-emitting side (103) of the display panel (10) and includes a plurality of parallel cylindrical lenses (201). The cylindrical lenses (201) are used to split the light (102) emitted by the display panel (10) to form a plurality of virtual pixels (202) belonging to different viewpoints. The processing module is electrically connected to the display panel (10) and is configured to map the brightness value of each virtual pixel (202) to the physical pixel (101) after weighting the virtual pixel (202) based on the spatial overlap area ratio of multiple virtual pixels (202) corresponding to the same physical pixel (101).

2. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of a single physical pixel (101) in a first direction and the orthographic projection of the corresponding virtual pixel (202) in the first direction do not completely overlap, the first direction being perpendicular to the display panel (10).

3. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the physical pixel (101) extends in the second direction, and at least a portion of the plurality of physical pixels (101) are arranged in the third direction. The length of the virtual pixel (202) is inclined to the side of the third direction relative to the second direction. At least a portion of the plurality of virtual pixels (202) are arranged in the third direction. The second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. Both the second direction and the third direction are parallel to each other with the display panel (10).

4. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical lens (201) in the cylindrical grating (20) includes a planar base (203) and an arc-shaped protrusion (204). The planar base (203) is attached to the light-emitting side (103) of the display panel (10). The arc-shaped protrusion (204) is located on the side of the planar base (203) away from the display panel (10) and protrudes in a direction away from the display panel (10).

5. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a detector, which is electrically connected to the processing module, and the detector is respectively set to correspond to the lenticular grating (20) and the display panel (10).

6. A method for mapping brightness values, applicable to the display device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain the original brightness value of each physical pixel (101) on the display panel (10); Calculate the percentage of overlapping area of ​​different virtual pixels (202) projected under the same physical pixel (101); A non-linear weighted operation is performed on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels (202) corresponding to a single physical pixel (101) to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel (101); The output brightness value is mapped to the corresponding virtual pixel (202) and output to the display panel (10) to achieve multi-viewpoint display.

7. The brightness value mapping method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of performing a non-linear weighted calculation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels (202) corresponding to a single physical pixel (101) to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel (101) includes: The overlap area ratio of each virtual pixel (202) is normalized to obtain the normalized weight coefficient; The output brightness value of each physical pixel (101) is obtained by performing a non-linear weighted average operation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels (202) corresponding to a single physical pixel (101) based on the original brightness value and normalized weight coefficient of each physical pixel (101).

8. The brightness value mapping method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes, prior to the step of obtaining the original brightness values ​​of each physical pixel (101) on the display panel (10): Based on the pixel size and target viewpoint number of the display panel (10), the grating period, lenticular curvature and tilt angle of the lenticular grating (20) are matched and designed.

9. The method for mapping brightness values ​​according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before the step of performing a non-linear weighted average calculation on the brightness values ​​of all virtual pixels (202) corresponding to a single physical pixel (101) based on the original brightness value and normalized weight coefficient of each physical pixel (101) to obtain the output brightness value of each physical pixel (101), the method further includes: One of the following algorithms is used to perform nonlinear weighted averaging on the normalized weight coefficients: power-law nonlinear weighted averaging, sigmoid nonlinear weighted averaging, exponential nonlinear weighted averaging, and piecewise nonlinear weighting. This optimizes the normalized weight coefficients and yields nonlinear weight coefficients.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes: the display device according to any one of claims 1-5; Alternatively, a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method for mapping brightness values ​​according to any one of claims 6-9.

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