3D display panel

Abstract

A 3D display panel. The 3D display panel comprises an array substrate and a counter substrate arranged oppositely, a liquid crystal layer arranged between the array substrate and the counter substrate, and a light adjusting element located on a side of the counter substrate away from the array substrate; the 3D display panel further comprises a scattering layer located on a side of the light adjusting element close to the counter substrate, the scattering layer comprising scattering particles; a display area of the 3D display panel comprises an opaque area and a transparent area, and the haze of the part of the scattering layer located in the opaque area is different from the haze of the part of the scattering layer located in the transparent area. The scattering layer homogenizes the light before the light adjusting element performs viewpoint separation, thereby reducing the brightness difference of the light field entering the light adjusting element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and more specifically to a 3D display panel. Background Technology

[0002] Glasses-free 3D display technology uses periodically distributed lenticular gratings and other dimming elements to direct light from different parallax images onto different viewing areas, thus achieving stereoscopic display without the need for glasses. However, the black matrix, metal traces, via arrays, touch grids, and electrode patterns in 3D display panels are typically periodic. When the frequency of these structures is close to or has a harmonic relationship with the frequency of the dimming elements, frequency aliasing can easily occur, forming periodic bright and dark stripes. Furthermore, different periodic structures may interact with each other, resulting in multi-order periodic moiré patterns, including coarse and fine moiré patterns.

[0003] Furthermore, to mitigate periodic patterns, display panels may employ structures such as multi-slit electrodes. However, such structures can introduce variations in film thickness, leading to uneven light transmittance. When light fields with varying brightness pass through the dimming element, they create brightness contrast moiré patterns.

[0004] While external diffusion films can homogenize brightness, they can easily disrupt the directionality of light required for 3D displays, increase crosstalk between the left and right eyes, and also increase product thickness. Therefore, how to reduce multi-order periodic moiré patterns and brightness contrast moiré patterns without significantly affecting the 3D viewpoint separation effect remains a pressing problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and proposes a 3D display panel.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a 3D display panel, comprising an array substrate and a cell substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the cell substrate, and a dimming element located on the side of the cell substrate facing away from the array substrate; the 3D display panel further comprises a scattering layer located on the side of the dimming element near the cell substrate, the scattering layer comprising scattering particles.

[0007] The display area of ​​the 3D display panel includes a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area, and the haze of the portion of the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area are different.

[0008] In some embodiments, the cell substrate includes a first substrate and a color filter layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the scattering layer is located between the first substrate and the color filter layer.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cell substrate includes a first substrate and a color filter layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the color filter layer includes a plurality of color resists, the color resists being doped with the scattering particles, and the color filter layer is reused as the scattering layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the scattering particles and the refractive index of the color resist is between 0.03 and 0.25.

[0011] In some embodiments, the cell substrate includes a first substrate and a first planarization layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the first planarization layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the first planarization layer is reused as the scattering layer.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cell substrate includes a first substrate and a first alignment layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the first alignment layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the first alignment layer is reused as the scattering layer.

[0013] In some embodiments, the array substrate includes a second substrate and a second alignment layer located on the side of the second substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the second alignment layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the second alignment layer is reused as the scattering layer.

[0014] In some embodiments, the array substrate includes a second substrate and a second planarization layer located on the side of the second substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the second planarization layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the second planarization layer is reused as the scattering layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the haze difference between the portion of the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area is between 0.1% and 50%.

[0016] In some embodiments, the scattering layer satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0017] The particle size of the scattering particles in the shading area of ​​the scattering layer is different from that in the light-transmitting area.

[0018] The concentration of scattering particles in the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area is different from the concentration of scattering particles located in the light-transmitting area.

[0019] The refractive index of the scattering particles in the shading region of the scattering layer is different from that in the light-transmitting region.

[0020] In some embodiments, the scattering layer satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0021] The particle size of the scattering particles in the shading region of the scattering layer is smaller than that in the light-transmitting region.

[0022] The concentration of scattering particles in the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area is lower than the concentration of scattering particles located in the light-transmitting area.

[0023] The refractive index of the scattering particles located in the light-shielding region of the scattering layer is smaller than that of the scattering particles located in the light-transmitting region.

[0024] In some embodiments, the scattering layer includes multiple scattering sub-layers arranged sequentially along the light emission direction, and the haze of the multiple scattering sub-layers is different.

[0025] In some embodiments, the multiple scattering sublayers satisfy one of the following conditions:

[0026] The scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers have different particle sizes;

[0027] The concentrations of scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers are different;

[0028] The scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers have different refractive indices.

[0029] In some embodiments, the multiple scattering sublayers satisfy one of the following conditions:

[0030] The particle size of the scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction;

[0031] The concentration of scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction;

[0032] The refractive index of the scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction.

[0033] In some embodiments, the scattering particle includes a core and a shell enclosing the core, the core being made of a silicon-based compound and the shell being made of an organic polymer.

[0034] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the core is less than that of the outer shell.

[0035] In some embodiments, the scattering particles are non-spherical in shape.

[0036] In some embodiments, the scattering layer further includes at least one of the following particles: light-converting particles, light-absorbing particles, and photochromic particles.

[0037] Other objects and features of this invention will become clear from reading the specification, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the complete film layer of the 3D display panel in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the scattering particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 14This is a flowchart of a 3D display panel fabrication method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 15 This is a flowchart of a 3D display panel fabrication method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0055] 100. Dimming element; 101. Glass substrate; 102. Transparent adhesive layer;

[0056] 200, Cell substrate; 210, First substrate; 220, Color filter layer; 221, Color resist; 221a, Red color resist; 221b, Green color resist; 221c, Blue color resist; 222, Black matrix; 230, First planarization layer; 240, First alignment layer;

[0057] 300. Liquid crystal layer; 310. Spacer;

[0058] 400, Array substrate; 410, Second substrate; 420, Gate insulating layer; 421, Gate; 422, Poly; 430, Second planarization layer; 431, SD; 440, Transparent electrode layer; 450, Second alignment layer;

[0059] 500, Scattering layer; 510, Scattering particles; 511, Core; 512, Outer shell.

[0060] 600. Backlight. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0064] It should be understood that when a layer or element is referred to as being on another layer or substrate, it can mean that the layer or element is directly on the other layer or substrate, or that there is an intermediate layer between the layer or element and the other layer or substrate.

[0065] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. Thus, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0066] A 3D display device includes a 3D display panel and a backlight, the backlight being configured to provide light to the display panel. The 3D display panel includes an array substrate and a cell substrate disposed opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the cell substrate. In some examples, the array substrate includes a second substrate and thin-film transistors located on the side of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal layer, as well as other circuitry for driving sub-pixel units of the display panel to display, i.e., pixel driving circuitry. The cell substrate includes a first substrate and a color filter layer located on the side of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. The color filter layer includes color resists for filtering the light emitted by each sub-pixel unit so that the corresponding sub-pixel unit displays a corresponding color; the color filter layer includes a plurality of color resists arranged in an array. However, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and the present invention does not limit the location of the color filter layer. In some embodiments, the color filter layer is disposed on the cell substrate, which may be the color filter substrate; in other embodiments, the color filter layer is disposed on the array substrate to form a COA structure in which the color filter layer is integrated into the array substrate. In the case of a COA structure, the cell substrate may not have a color filter layer. In some examples, both the first substrate and the second substrate can be glass substrates. The following embodiments of the present invention are described with a color filter layer disposed on a cell substrate.

[0067] The cell substrate 200 includes a first alignment layer 240, a first planarization layer 230, a color filter layer 220, and a first substrate 210 sequentially disposed along the light emission direction. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 12 The first alignment layer 240 is used to initially align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 30 so that the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a preset direction. The first planarization layer 230 is used to cover and planarize the surface steps formed by the color filter layer 220, so as to provide a relatively flat bearing surface for the first alignment layer 240. The color filter layer 220 is used to filter the light passing through the liquid crystal layer to form emitted light of different colors. The first substrate 210 is used to support and carry the first alignment layer 240, the first planarization layer 230 and the color filter layer 220.

[0068] The array substrate 400 includes a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, and a second substrate 410 sequentially disposed along the light emission direction. (See also...) Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 10 , Figure 12The second alignment layer 450 is used to initially align the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 300 and, in conjunction with the first alignment layer 240, defines the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules. The transparent electrode layer 440 is used to receive driving signals and form an electric field to drive the liquid crystal molecules to deflect. The second planarization layer 430 is used to cover the circuit structure in the array substrate 400 and planarize its surface, providing a flat supporting surface for the transparent electrode layer 440 and the second alignment layer 450. The gate insulating layer 420 is used to insulate the gate from the active layer or other conductive structures to ensure the normal operation of the thin-film transistor. The second substrate 410 is used to support and carry the various film layers and circuit structures in the array substrate 400.

[0069] Schematic, see Figure 1 One embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D display panel, which includes an array substrate 400 and a cell substrate 200 disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the array substrate 400 and the cell substrate 200, and a dimming element 100 located on the side of the cell substrate 200 away from the array substrate 400.

[0070] The dimming element 100 is used to adjust the direction of light emitted from different positions on the cell substrate 200, so that the light corresponding to different images is directed to different viewpoint areas, thereby allowing the observer's left and right eyes to receive different images. Optionally, the dimming element 100 may include any one of a lenticular lens grating, a slit grating, or a switchable liquid crystal grating.

[0071] Optionally, when the dimming element 100 is a lenticular lens grating, the lens pitch of the lenticular lens grating is between 10 μm and 500 μm, the radius of curvature is between 5 μm and 200 μm, the lens thickness is between 5 μm and 300 μm, the diameter is between 5 μm and 200 μm, the arch height is between 1 μm and 50 μm, the focal length is between 50 μm and 5000 μm, and the refractive index is between 1.4 and 1.7.

[0072] At least one of the black matrix 222, scan lines, data lines, thin-film transistors, pixel electrodes, common electrodes, and touch electrodes in a 3D display panel can block, absorb, reflect, or refract light, resulting in different light transmittance at different locations on the 3D display panel. When the dimming element periodically distributes the aforementioned non-uniform light field, it may cause originally inconspicuous brightness differences to appear as bright and dark stripes that are perceptible to the human eye, thus producing brightness moiré patterns.

[0073] To address the aforementioned moiré pattern issue, the 3D display panel of this embodiment further includes a scattering layer 500 located on the side of the dimming element 100 near the substrate 200. The scattering layer 500 includes scattering particles 510. The display area of ​​the 3D display panel includes a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area. The haze of the portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area are different.

[0074] In this embodiment, the haze of the portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area are different to reduce the brightness difference between the light-transmitting and light-shielding areas and suppress the brightness contrast moiré formed by the periodic spectral splitting effect of the dimming element 100. The portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-transmitting area has relatively high haze so that at least part of the forward-propagating light in the light-transmitting area diffuses in the surrounding direction, thereby reducing the forward emission brightness of the light-transmitting area. The portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-shielding area has relatively low haze to reduce further attenuation of the transmitted light in the light-shielding area.

[0075] Optionally, the spacing between the dimming element 100 and the scattering layer 500 is between 0 μm and 1000 μm.

[0076] This embodiment does not limit the position of the scattering layer 500. The scattering layer 500 can be located between the dimming element 100 and the cell substrate 200, or it can be integrated into an existing film layer in the cell substrate 200 or the array substrate 400. That is to say, the scattering layer 500 can be a separately disposed film layer, or it can be formed by reusing the color filter layer 220, the planarization layer, or the alignment layer.

[0077] In this embodiment, the scattering layer 500 is disposed on the side of the dimming element 100 near the substrate 200. The scattering layer 500 homogenizes the light before the dimming element 100 performs viewpoint separation, thereby reducing the brightness difference of the light field entering the dimming element 100. The dimming element 100 then performs viewpoint distribution on the homogenized light field, which can reduce brightness moiré while maintaining the 3D display function.

[0078] It should be noted that the scattering layer 500 in this embodiment is located on the light-incident side of the dimming element 100, rather than on the light-outceasing side after the dimming element 100 has completed viewpoint allocation. This can reduce the damage of scattering to the already formed viewpoint beam and is beneficial to balancing the light field homogenization effect and the 3D viewpoint separation effect.

[0079] Regarding the location of the scattering layer 500, six implementation methods are provided below. Each implementation method can be used individually or in combination.

[0080] Example 1

[0081] In this embodiment, see Figure 1The cell substrate 200 includes a first substrate 210 and a color filter layer 220 located on the side of the first substrate 210 near the liquid crystal layer 300. The scattering layer 500 is located as an independent film layer between the first substrate 210 and the color filter layer 220.

[0082] Optionally, the first substrate 210 can be made of glass. A scattering layer 500 is formed on the side of the first substrate 210 facing the liquid crystal layer 300, and a color filter layer 220 is formed on the side of the scattering layer 500 away from the first substrate 210. The color filter layer 220 may include a plurality of red color filters 221a, a plurality of green color filters 221b, and a plurality of blue color filters 221c, and may also include a black matrix 222 disposed between adjacent color filters 221, the black matrix 222 being opaque.

[0083] See Figure 1 Schematic, the dimming element 100, the first substrate 210, the scattering layer 500, the color filter layer 220, the liquid crystal layer 300, the array substrate 400, and the backlight 600 are arranged in sequence.

[0084] Schematic, the concentration of scattering particles 510 is between 0.01 wt% and 30 wt%, and the particle size of scattering particles 510 is between 20 nm and 5 μm. The haze of the scattering layer 500 is between 0.1% and 30%, the transmittance is between 70% and 95%, and the thickness is between 0.1 μm and 10 μm.

[0085] Specifically, see Figure 2 The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0086] Example 2

[0087] In this embodiment, see Figure 3 The cell substrate 200 includes a first substrate 210 and a color filter layer 220 located on the side of the first substrate 210 near the liquid crystal layer 300. The color filter layer 220 includes a plurality of color resists 221, and the color resists 221 are doped with scattering particles 510. The color filter layer 220 is reused as a scattering layer 500, so that the color filter layer 220 has both color filtering and scattering functions. It is not necessary to set an additional scattering layer 500 in the cell substrate 200, which helps to reduce the number of film layers in the display panel and the thickness of the display panel.

[0088] Optionally, the absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the scattering particle 510 and the refractive index of the color resist 221 is between 0.03 and 0.25.

[0089] When the refractive index difference is too small (<0.03), the scattering particles 510 and the color resist 221 are nearly optically matched, and the interface's effect on adjusting the direction of light propagation is weak, making it difficult to achieve sufficient brightness homogenization. When the refractive index difference is too large (>0.25), the scattering effect may be too strong, potentially reducing the effective transmitted light. In this embodiment, the absolute value of the refractive index difference is between 0.03 and 0.25, which is beneficial for balancing light field homogenization and display transmittance.

[0090] Specifically, see Figure 4 The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] In this embodiment, see Figure 5 The cell substrate 200 includes a first substrate 210 and a first planarization layer 230 located on the side of the first substrate 210 near the liquid crystal layer 300. The first planarization layer 230 is doped with scattering particles 510 and is reused as a scattering layer 500. The first planarization layer 230 simultaneously performs surface planarization and optical scattering functions, improving the surface flatness and light emission uniformity of the cell substrate 200 without adding an independent film layer.

[0093] Optionally, the cell substrate 200 further includes a color filter layer 220 disposed on the side of the first substrate 210 near the liquid crystal layer 300. A first planarization layer 230 covers the color filter layer 220 to cover the surface steps formed by the color resist 221 and the black matrix 222 in the color filter layer 220, providing a relatively flat bearing surface for the subsequently formed first alignment layer 240. The first planarization layer 230 is located on the light-incident side of the color filter layer 220, which can avoid direct interference with the exposure and development process of the color resist 221. At the same time, it is located on the light-incident side of the dimming element 100, which can homogenize the filtered light before the viewpoint is allocated.

[0094] Specifically, see Figure 6The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] In this embodiment, see Figure 7 The cell substrate 200 includes a first substrate 210 and a first alignment layer 240 located on the side of the first substrate 210 near the liquid crystal layer 300; the first alignment layer 240 is doped with scattering particles 510 and the first alignment layer 240 is reused as a scattering layer 500.

[0097] The first alignment layer 240 is used to define the initial alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 300. By using scattering particles 510 with small particle size and uniform distribution, the light emitted from different positions can be moderately diffused laterally while maintaining the alignment function of the liquid crystal.

[0098] Optionally, the thickness of the first alignment layer 240 is between 80 nm and 150 nm, and the particle size of the scattering particles 510 is between 0.01 μm and 0.1 μm. The particle size of the scattering particles 510 is smaller than the thickness of the first alignment layer 240, which helps to reduce liquid crystal alignment defects caused by the scattering particles 510 protruding significantly from the surface of the first alignment layer 240.

[0099] Specifically, see Figure 8 The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0100] Example 5

[0101] In this embodiment, see Figure 9 The array substrate 400 includes a second substrate 410 and a second alignment layer 450 located on the side of the second substrate 410 near the liquid crystal layer 300; the second alignment layer 450 is doped with scattering particles 510 and the second alignment layer 450 is reused as a scattering layer 500.

[0102] The second alignment layer 450 is disposed between the transparent electrode layer 440 and the liquid crystal layer 300 in the array substrate 400. It can homogenize the light field after passing through the transparent electrode layer 440, making the light distribution entering the liquid crystal layer 300 more uniform. The second alignment layer 450 also defines the initial orientation of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0103] Optionally, the thickness of the second alignment layer 450 is between 80 nm and 150 nm, and the particle size of the scattering particles 510 is between 0.01 μm and 0.1 μm.

[0104] Specifically, see Figure 10 The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0105] Example 6

[0106] In this embodiment, see Figure 11 The array substrate 400 includes a second substrate 410 and a second planarization layer 430 located on the side of the second substrate 410 near the liquid crystal layer 300; the second planarization layer 430 is doped with scattering particles 510 and the second planarization layer 430 is reused as a scattering layer 500.

[0107] The second planarization layer 430 covers the gate insulating layer 420, which includes Gate 421 and Poly 422. The second planarization layer 430 also provides a relatively flat carrier surface for the transparent electrode layer 440. The second planarization layer 430 includes SD 431, where SD includes the source and drain.

[0108] Optionally, the thickness of the second planarization layer 430 is between 1.5 μm and 4 μm, and the concentration of scattering particles 510 is between 2 wt% and 20 wt%.

[0109] Specifically, see Figure 12 The 3D display device includes a dimming element 100, a glass substrate 101, a transparent adhesive layer 102, a first substrate 210, a scattering layer 500, a color filter layer 220, a first planarization layer 230, a first alignment layer 240, a liquid crystal layer 300, a second alignment layer 450, a transparent electrode layer 440, a second planarization layer 430, a gate insulating layer 420, a second substrate 410, and a backlight 600, which are stacked sequentially.

[0110] It should be noted that, without affecting the original function of each film layer, the scattering layer 500 can be reused in at least one film layer of the cell substrate 200 and the array substrate 400.

[0111] In some embodiments, the display area of ​​the 3D display panel includes a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area. The light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area can be distinguished by obtaining a brightness contrast distribution map of the display panel through optical simulation or actual measurement. The light-shielding area may be the location of the black matrix 222, spacer 310, Gate 421, Poly 422, SD 431, or the location of scan lines, data lines, thin-film transistors, or metal touch electrodes (not shown in the figure). The light-transmitting area may be the location of the color resist 221. In this embodiment, the light-shielding area is not limited to a region with zero light transmittance, but may also include a low-transmittance region with light transmittance significantly lower than that of the color resist 221.

[0112] Optionally, the haze difference between the portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area is between 0.1% and 50%. The haze difference between different portions of the scattering layer 500 can be achieved by changing the particle size, concentration, or refractive index of the scattering particles 510.

[0113] In the first embodiment, the particle size of the scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding area of ​​the scattering layer 500 is different from that in the light-transmitting area.

[0114] Preferably, the particle size of the scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding region of the scattering layer 500 is smaller than that in the light-transmitting region.

[0115] In the second embodiment, the concentration of scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding area of ​​the scattering layer 500 is different from the concentration of scattering particles 510 in the light-transmitting area.

[0116] Preferably, the concentration of scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding portion of the scattering layer 500 is lower than the concentration of scattering particles 510 in the light-transmitting portion. The higher the concentration of scattering particles 510, the more scattering interfaces are formed per unit volume, and the higher the probability of light interacting with the scattering particles 510.

[0117] In the third embodiment, the refractive index of the scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding region of the scattering layer 500 is different from that in the light-transmitting region.

[0118] Preferably, the refractive index of the scattering particles 510 in the light-shielding region of the scattering layer 500 is smaller than that in the light-transmitting region.

[0119] In addition to the fact that different parts of the same scattering layer 500 may have different haze, in some other embodiments, the scattering layer 500 includes multiple scattering sub-layers arranged sequentially along the light emission direction, and the haze of the multiple scattering sub-layers is different.

[0120] Alternatively, multiple scattering sublayers may use the same scattering substrate but have different scattering particles 510, or they may use different scattering substrates.

[0121] Optionally, the multiple scattering sublayers satisfy one of the following conditions: the particle size of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers is different; the concentration of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers is different; or the refractive index of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers is different.

[0122] Optionally, the haze of the multilayer scattering sublayer decreases along the light emission direction. The scattering sublayer closer to the array substrate can have higher haze to adequately homogenize brightness differences. The scattering sublayer closer to the dimming element can have lower haze to reduce excessive angular spread of light before it enters the dimming element.

[0123] Preferably, the multilayer scattering sublayer satisfies one of the following conditions: the particle size of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction; the concentration of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction; and the refractive index of the scattering particles 510 in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction.

[0124] Since the fabrication process of the substrate 200 may involve high-temperature baking (typically 200°C to 250°C), the scattering particles 510 need to possess excellent temperature resistance and chemical stability. For high-temperature adaptability, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 13 In this embodiment, the scattering particle 510 includes a core 511 and a shell 512 enclosing the core 511. The core 511 is made of a silicon-based compound to achieve high temperature resistance. The shell 512 is made of an organic polymer, which can improve the compatibility between the scattering particle 510 and the color resist 221 or other multilayer films, and reduce the aggregation of the scattering particle 510 in the coating liquid. The shell 512 encloses the core 511, and can also isolate and protect the surface of the core 511.

[0125] Optionally, the particle size of the scattering particles 510 in the core 511 is between 100 nm and 3 μm, and the thickness of the outer shell 512 is between 10 nm and 200 nm.

[0126] Optionally, the silicon-based compound can be an inorganic oxide. Indicatively, the core 511 is made of at least one of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, and zirconium oxide.

[0127] Schematic illustration: the outdoor unit polymer includes at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, silicone resin or polyacrylate.

[0128] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the core 511 is less than that of the shell 512. A first optical interface is formed between the core 511 and the shell 512, and a second optical interface is formed between the shell 512 and the scattering substrate, so that when light passes through the core-shell scattering particle 510, it can be refracted and scattered at multiple refractive index interfaces.

[0129] The core-shell shaped scattering particles 510 can be applied to any one of the aforementioned independent scattering layer 500, color filter layer 220, first planarization layer 230, first alignment layer 240, second alignment layer 450 and second planarization layer 430.

[0130] In some embodiments, the scattering particles 510 are non-spherical in shape. Schematic, the scattering particles 510 may be ellipsoidal, rod-shaped, fibrous, or sheet-like.

[0131] Optionally, the non-spherical scattering particle 510 has a major axis and a minor axis, and the aspect ratio of the scattering particle 510 is between 1.5:1 and 10:1.

[0132] Optionally, the scattering particles 510 are oriented along a first direction, and the angle between the long axis of the scattering particles 510 and the plane of the array substrate 400 is no greater than 15°, so that the long axis of the scattering particles 510 is approximately parallel to the plane of the array substrate 400, thereby reducing the unintended out-of-plane scattering caused by the obvious tilting of the scattering particles 510. The first direction is parallel to the plane of the array substrate 400.

[0133] In some embodiments, the scattering layer 500 further includes at least one of the following particles: light-converting particles, light-absorbing particles, and photochromic particles.

[0134] Optionally, the concentration of light-converting particles is between 0.1 wt% and 5 wt%. The scattering particles 510 can change the propagation direction of light and extend the actual propagation path of some light rays in the scattering layer 500. With the increased propagation path, the probability of light interacting with the light-converting particles increases. In this embodiment, the scattering particles 510 and the light-converting particles work together to simultaneously adjust the spatial and spectral distribution of the emitted light.

[0135] In one embodiment, the scattering particles 510 and the light conversion particles are spaced apart to reduce direct contact between the light conversion particles and reduce the aggregation of the light conversion particles.

[0136] In another embodiment, the light-converting particles encapsulate the scattering particles 510.

[0137] In another embodiment, the scattering layer 500 contains both independently dispersed light conversion particles and light conversion particles that are wrapped around the scattering particles 510.

[0138] Optionally, the light conversion particles include at least one of quantum dots, fluorescent dyes, or rare-earth upconversion nanoparticles.

[0139] Schematic representation: Quantum dots have a particle size between 2 nm and 20 nm. Rare earth upconversion nanoparticles have a particle size between 10 nm and 100 nm.

[0140] Optionally, light-absorbing particles can be disposed in the portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-transmitting area to absorb some of the excessive light, thereby further reducing brightness contrast.

[0141] Optionally, the concentration of light-absorbing particles is between 0.05 wt% and 3 wt%.

[0142] Optionally, the particle size of the light-absorbing particles is between 20 nm and 1 μm, and the extinction coefficient is between 0.1 Lg. -1 cm -1 Up to 10Lg -1 cm -1 between.

[0143] Optionally, the concentration of photochromic particles is between 0.05 wt% and 3 wt%. When exposed to light of a predetermined wavelength or intensity, the molecular structure or energy level state of the photochromic particles undergoes a reversible change, thereby altering the absorption spectrum and transmittance. When the incident light intensity is high, the absorption capacity of the photochromic particles can be enhanced, thus suppressing local overbrightness and stray light; when the incident light intensity decreases, the photochromic particles return to a higher transmittance state, thereby reducing light loss during dark or low-brightness displays.

[0144] In some embodiments, the method for manufacturing a 3D display panel includes steps S1401 to S1405.

[0145] Step S1401: Provide a dimming element 100. The dimming element 100 is used to adjust the direction of the light emitted from the cell substrate 200, so that the light carrying different parallax images is directed to different viewing areas. The dimming element 100 can be a lenticular grating, a slit grating, a liquid crystal grating, or other optical structures that can achieve viewpoint separation.

[0146] The dimming element 100 has a first side facing the substrate 200 and a second side away from the first side. A subsequently formed scattering layer 500 is located on the first side of the dimming element 100, causing light emitted from the display panel to first pass through the scattering layer 500 for brightness homogenization before entering the dimming element 100 for direction adjustment. This reduces the damage to already formed beams from different viewpoints caused by scattering.

[0147] Step S1402: Prepare a scattering layer coating solution containing scattering particles 510.

[0148] The scattering layer coating liquid may include a scattering substrate material and scattering particles 510 dispersed in the scattering substrate material. To enable the scattering layer coating liquid to form a pattern through exposure and development, the scattering substrate material may be a positive or negative photosensitive resin. The concentration of the scattering particles 510 may be from 0.1 wt% to 30 wt%, and the viscosity of the scattering layer coating liquid may be from 1 cP to 50 cP.

[0149] Schematic, the scattering substrate material is a negative photosensitive acrylic resin. The scattering layer coating liquid may also include at least one of a photoinitiator, a crosslinking monomer, a dispersant, a leveling agent, and a solvent. The dispersant is used to reduce the aggregation of scattering particles 510 in the coating liquid, the leveling agent is used to improve the spreading performance of the coating liquid on the surface of the dimming element 100, and the photoinitiator and crosslinking monomer are used to cause the scattering substrate material to crosslink and cure during exposure.

[0150] Schematic representation: The scattering particle 510 includes a core 511 and a shell 512 covering the core 511. The core 511 can be a spherical structure with a particle size of 2 μm, a refractive index of 1.46, and made of silicon dioxide. The shell 512 can be a polymethyl methacrylate shell with a thickness of 200 nm and a refractive index of 1.49, thereby forming SiO2. 2 @PMMA core-shell scattering particle 510.

[0151] Step S1403: Apply the scattering layer coating liquid to the side of the dimming element 100 near the substrate 200, and cure the scattering layer coating liquid to form the scattering layer 500.

[0152] The scattering layer coating liquid is applied to the first side of the dimming element 100. The coating method may include at least one of inkjet printing, spin coating, slot coating, spraying, roller coating, or blade coating.

[0153] Optionally, light transmittance distribution data at different locations on the display panel can be obtained in advance. The light-shielding area and the light-transmitting area are determined based on the light transmittance distribution data, and the pattern of the scattering layer 500 is obtained accordingly. The portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-transmitting area can have higher haze, while the portion of the scattering layer 500 located in the light-shielding area can have lower haze, thereby reducing the brightness difference between different areas.

[0154] After the scattering layer coating liquid is applied to the dimming element 100, the scattering layer coating liquid is pre-baked. Pre-baking is used to remove at least some of the solvent from the coating liquid, improve the shape stability of the coating, and reduce coating flow or pattern deformation during exposure. Indicatively, the pre-baking temperature can be 90°C.

[0155] After pre-baking, the scattering layer coating liquid is exposed. During the exposure process, a mask with a preset light transmission pattern can be used. The light transmission pattern of the mask can be based on the light transmittance distribution data of the display panel, so that different positions in the scattering layer 500 have different exposure doses.

[0156] After exposure, the scattering layer coating solution is developed. For negative photosensitive scattering substrate materials, the exposed areas undergo cross-linking and are retained after development, while the insufficiently exposed areas are removed during development; for positive photosensitive scattering substrate materials, the exposed areas are removed during development, while the unexposed areas are retained.

[0157] By exposure and development, a patterned scattering layer 500 can be formed in the form of stripes, grids, islands, dot matrix, or continuous gradients. Different regions in the patterned scattering layer 500 can have different levels of haze.

[0158] In some embodiments, two or more different concentrations of scattering layer coating liquid can be used for multiple coatings. For example, a low concentration can be applied to the entire surface first, and then a high concentration can be selectively applied to the positions corresponding to the light-transmitting areas.

[0159] After development, the patterned scattering layer 500 undergoes a main baking process. Indicatively, the main baking temperature can be 230°C, and the main baking time can be, for example, 30 minutes. This main baking process is performed before the dimming element 100 is assembled with the cell substrate 200, thus avoiding the impact of high temperatures on the liquid crystal material, sealant, and other temperature-sensitive structures.

[0160] Step S1404: The array substrate 400 and the cell substrate 200 are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 300 is formed between the array substrate 400 and the cell substrate 200 to form a liquid crystal display panel.

[0161] The scattering layer 500 first compensates for the brightness differences in different areas, and the dimming element 100 then distributes the homogenized light to different viewing areas, thereby reducing the bright and dark stripes formed by the periodic beam splitting effect of the dimming element 100.

[0162] In other embodiments, this application also provides another method for fabricating a 3D display panel. This method forms a scattering layer 500 by coating and curing a scattering layer coating liquid on the side of the dimming element 100 facing the substrate 200, without the need for exposure and development.

[0163] Specifically, the method for preparing a 3D display panel includes steps S1501 to S1504.

[0164] Step S1501: Provide a dimming element 100.

[0165] Step S1502: Prepare a scattering layer coating liquid containing scattering particles 510. The scattering layer coating liquid includes a scattering matrix and scattering particles 510 dispersed in the scattering matrix. The material of the scattering matrix can be a thermosetting resin, a UV-curable resin, a photothermal composite curing resin, or other materials capable of forming a transparent curing film.

[0166] Step S1503: Apply the scattering layer coating liquid to the side of the dimming element 100 near the substrate 200, and cure the scattering layer coating liquid to form the scattering layer 500.

[0167] Alternatively, the coating method may include spin coating, slot coating, inkjet printing, roller coating, spray coating, or blade coating.

[0168] The scattering particles 510 are non-spherical particles, such as rod-shaped, ellipsoidal, fibrous, or sheet-like particles. During the coating process, the shear force generated by the flow of the coating liquid can be used to align the long axis of the non-spherical scattering particles 510 along a predetermined direction.

[0169] Optionally, the curing method may include thermosetting, ultraviolet curing, or photothermal composite curing. The curing conditions can be determined based on the temperature resistance of the dimming element 100 and the curing characteristics of the scattering substrate material.

[0170] Step S1504: The array substrate 400 and the cell substrate 200 are arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is formed between the array substrate 400 and the cell substrate 200.

[0171] The scattering layer 500 is located on the side of the dimming element 100 close to the substrate 200. Before entering the dimming element 100, the light passes through the scattering layer 500, which homogenizes the light field. The dimming element 100 then separates the light at different viewpoints.

[0172] Compared to patterning methods that require exposure and development, the coating and curing method in this embodiment can reduce the requirements for the heat resistance of the scattering particles 510 by using ultraviolet light curing or low-temperature thermal curing.

[0173] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 3D display panel, comprising an array substrate and a counter substrate disposed opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the counter substrate, and a dimming element located on the side of the counter substrate facing away from the array substrate; wherein, The 3D display panel also includes a scattering layer located on the side of the dimming element near the substrate, the scattering layer comprising scattering particles; The display area of ​​the 3D display panel includes a light-shielding area and a light-transmitting area, and the haze of the portion of the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area are different.

2. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The cell substrate includes a first substrate and a color filter layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the scattering layer is located between the first substrate and the color filter layer.

3. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The cell substrate includes a first substrate and a color filter layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the color filter layer includes a plurality of color resists, the color resists being doped with the scattering particles, and the color filter layer is reused as the scattering layer.

4. The 3D display panel according to claim 3, wherein, The absolute value of the difference between the refractive index of the scattering particles and the refractive index of the color resist is between 0.03 and 0.

25.

5. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The cell substrate includes a first substrate and a first planarization layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the first planarization layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the first planarization layer is reused as the scattering layer.

6. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The cell substrate includes a first substrate and a first alignment layer located on the side of the first substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the first alignment layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the first alignment layer is reused as the scattering layer.

7. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The array substrate includes a second substrate and a second alignment layer located on the side of the second substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the second alignment layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the second alignment layer is reused as the scattering layer.

8. The 3D display panel according to claim 1, wherein, The array substrate includes a second substrate and a second planarization layer located on the side of the second substrate near the liquid crystal layer; the second planarization layer is doped with the scattering particles, and the second planarization layer is reused as the scattering layer.

9. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The haze difference between the portion of the scattering layer located in the shading area and the portion located in the light-transmitting area is between 0.1% and 50%.

10. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering layer satisfies one of the following conditions: The particle size of the scattering particles in the shading area of ​​the scattering layer is different from that in the light-transmitting area. The concentration of scattering particles in the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area is different from the concentration of scattering particles located in the light-transmitting area. The refractive index of the scattering particles in the shading region of the scattering layer is different from that in the light-transmitting region.

11. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering layer satisfies one of the following conditions: The particle size of the scattering particles in the shading region of the scattering layer is smaller than that in the light-transmitting region. The concentration of scattering particles in the scattering layer located in the light-shielding area is lower than the concentration of scattering particles located in the light-transmitting area. The refractive index of the scattering particles located in the light-shielding region of the scattering layer is smaller than that of the scattering particles located in the light-transmitting region.

12. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering layer comprises multiple scattering sub-layers arranged sequentially along the light emission direction, and the haze of the multiple scattering sub-layers is different.

13. The 3D display panel according to claim 12, wherein, The multilayer scattering sublayers satisfy one of the following conditions: The scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers have different particle sizes; The concentrations of scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers are different; The scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers have different refractive indices.

14. The 3D display panel according to claim 12, wherein, The multilayer scattering sublayers satisfy one of the following conditions: The particle size of the scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction; The concentration of scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction; The refractive index of the scattering particles in the multiple scattering sublayers decreases along the light emission direction.

15. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering particle includes a core and a shell enclosing the core. The core is made of a silicon-based compound, and the shell is made of an organic polymer.

16. The 3D display panel according to claim 15, wherein, The refractive index of the core is less than that of the outer shell.

17. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering particles are non-spherical in shape.

18. The 3D display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The scattering layer also includes at least one of the following particles: light-converting particles, light-absorbing particles, and photochromic particles.

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