A digital twin basin runoff and confluence calculation unit topology construction method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610682219.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
AI Technical Summary
但在相关技术文献中，没有提出预报拓扑构建方法、技术步骤以及表现形式等，更无提供参考案例，使预报拓扑构建成为制约“四预”系统建设的关键因素
1、本发明从流域或水系预报节点出发，将全流域产汇流计算单元拓扑图构建分割为n个产汇流计算单元的拓扑图构建，相邻产汇流单元之间通过输入、输出建立逻辑联系，使复杂问题简单化，并且从上游到下游、从支流到干流形成了完整的逻辑闭环，达到解决复杂技术问题的目的。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and confluence calculation unit. Background Technology
[0002] The "Four-Prediction" system for water conservancy operations is a crucial component of smart water conservancy construction and serves as the starting point and ultimate goal of digital twin watershed development. The "Basic Technical Requirements for the 'Four-Prediction' System for Water Conservancy Operations (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Technical Requirements") outlines requirements for constructing a runoff generation and confluence calculation topology. The runoff generation and confluence calculation unit topology is the core and key technology for the construction of the "Four-Prediction" system, serving as the prerequisite and foundation for flood forecasting system development, and determining the system's rationality, practicality, and effectiveness. However, relevant technical literature lacks information on forecast topology construction methods, technical steps, and presentation formats, and provides no reference cases, making forecast topology construction a key factor restricting the construction of the "Four-Prediction" system. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a digital twin watershed runoff generation and confluence calculation unit topology construction method that is theoretically sound, improves forecast accuracy, and is highly practical.
[0004] The technical solution of this invention is: 1. Technical approach: ① The construction of topological foundational elements for runoff generation and confluence calculation units includes methods for constructing forecast node elements and runoff generation and confluence calculation unit elements. The forecast node element construction method covers methods for determining flood forecast nodes, naming forecast nodes, coding forecast nodes, and selecting forecast elements. The runoff generation and confluence calculation unit element construction method covers methods for dividing runoff generation and confluence calculation units, naming and coding runoff generation and confluence calculation units, and comparing and coding calculation models. ② Based on the constructed methodology, according to the methods for determining flood forecast nodes, naming forecast nodes, coding forecast nodes, and selecting forecast elements, forecast nodes are determined, named, coded, and forecast elements are determined. According to the methods for dividing runoff generation and confluence calculation units, naming and coding runoff generation and confluence calculation units, and comparing and coding calculation models, runoff generation and confluence calculation unit division, naming, coding, and model comparison and coding are carried out. ③Based on the construction of the topological elements of the runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, and in accordance with the method for drawing the topological map of the runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, draw the topological map of the runoff generation and runoff calculation unit for the entire watershed.
[0005] 2. Method for constructing the basic elements of the topology of the generation and merging calculation unit: 2.1 Method for constructing flood forecast node elements: Methods for determining flood forecast nodes: 1) Large and medium-sized reservoirs within the basin should be used as forecasting nodes, while small reservoirs should be used as flood forecasting nodes depending on their importance for flood control; 2) For river dam projects, those without supporting hydrological stations and operating smoothly during the flood season may not be considered as forecast nodes; all other cases shall be considered as forecast nodes. 3) Flood detention areas within the basin should be used as forecasting nodes; 4) Whether cross-river sections of major national infrastructure projects should be designated as forecast nodes will be determined based on their flood control standards and importance; 5) National basic hydrological stations should be used as forecasting nodes; 6) Important river sections for flood control can be used as forecasting nodes.
[0006] Forecast node naming method: The forecast nodes for reservoir projects are named after the reservoir projects. The forecast nodes for river dam projects are named after the river dam project itself. The forecast nodes for flood detention areas are named after the flood detention area projects. Forecasting nodes for national basic hydrological stations are named after the hydrological stations. The forecast nodes for cross-river sections of major national infrastructure projects are named after the cross-river projects.
[0007] Flood forecast node coding method: 1) Forecast nodes use 10-bit numeric or character encoding; 2) The first 4 digits of the code represent the river identifier. Taking Henan Province as an example, the main river identifiers are shown in Table 2-1.
[0008] 3) The 5th and 6th digits are the provincial administrative region code, such as "41" for Henan Province; 4) The 7th to 9th digits are the forecast node sequence code, with values between "001" and "999"; 5) The 10th bit is the extension code, which takes values from 0 to 9. 0 represents the current forecast node identifier, and 1 to 9 represent the sequence code of newly added forecast nodes in future work; 6) The coding order is downstream first, then upstream, and main stream first, then tributary.
[0009] Table 2-1 Identifiers for Rivers in Henan Province
[0010] Note: The first two characters CJ represent the Yangtze River Basin, HA represents the Huai River Basin, HU represents the Yellow River Basin, and HH represents the Hai River Basin.
[0011] Method for determining forecast elements and their correlation with adjacent forecast nodes: 1) The flood forecasting nodes of reservoir projects should determine the flood forecasting elements of each flood forecasting node according to their actual flood control scheduling needs, including the inflow flood process, inflow peak flow, time of occurrence of inflow peak flow, total inflow flood volume, and the highest water level of the reservoir, corresponding water storage, time of occurrence of the highest water level, outflow flood process, maximum outflow flow, and total outflow flood volume under certain scheduling conditions. 2) The flood forecasting elements for each flood forecasting node of the dam should be determined according to the scheduling and operation mode and flood control needs. These elements include the inflow flood process, peak flow, peak flow time, total inflow flood volume, and the highest water level, corresponding water storage, highest water level time, dam discharge process, maximum discharge flow, and total discharge flood volume under certain scheduling conditions. 3) Flood forecasting elements for flood detention area forecast nodes include flood diversion flow process, total flood diversion volume, inflow process between sections, total inflow between sections, water loss in flood detention area, highest water level, maximum water storage, water recession process, and water recession time. 4) Flood forecasting elements at hydrological station forecasting nodes include flood process, peak flow, peak water level, peak occurrence time, total flood volume, duration exceeding warning level, and duration exceeding guaranteed level. 5) Flood forecasting elements for major infrastructure cross-river sections include flood process, peak flow, peak water level, and peak occurrence time; 6) Based on the upstream and downstream relationship of the forecast node, establish the correlation between adjacent series forecast nodes. The flood forecast elements output by the upstream adjacent series forecast nodes are the forecast model input of the downstream forecast nodes.
[0012] 5) Form a table of flood forecast node elements in the basin, including the name, code, forecast elements, and relationships of the flood forecast node. See Table 2-2 for a sample table.
[0013] Table 2-2 Forecast Node Elements Table for the ××× Basin
[0014] 2.2 Method for constructing elements of the flow generation and confluence calculation unit: 2.2.1 Method for dividing the calculation unit of the flow generation and merging: The upstream catchment area of a forecast node without a forecast node is divided into a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, i.e., an independent runoff generation and runoff calculation unit.
[0015] The catchment area between the downstream forecast node and the upstream adjacent forecast node is divided into a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, namely the interval runoff generation and runoff calculation unit.
[0016] For river network areas with bidirectional drainage where the upstream and downstream relationships are unclear, the catchment area between adjacent tandem forecast nodes is divided into a single runoff generation and runoff calculation unit.
[0017] For the methods of dividing series and parallel forecast nodes and generation / conversion calculation units, please refer to the following case. Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 The method is as follows: A, B, C, and D are forecast nodes. B and A, C and A, and D and A are connected in series and are adjacent forecast nodes. B and C, C and D, and D and B are connected in parallel. Figure 2 In this study, the watershed above forecast node A is treated as an independent runoff generation and confluence calculation unit. Figure 3 In the calculation unit, the catchment area between B and the adjacent forecast node A is a unit for calculating the runoff generation and runoff, which includes the river channel from B to A and the catchment area between B and A. Figure 4 In this study, the catchment area between forecast nodes B, C, D and A is divided into an interval runoff calculation unit, which includes the river channels from B to A, C to A, and D to A, and the interval watershed between B, C, D and A.
[0018] 2.2.2 Naming and Coding Method for Generation and Convergence Calculation Units: (1) Naming of the production flow calculation unit: 1) The principle is to enable people and machines to intuitively establish a mental connection with physical objects through the names of the production and confluence computing units, so as to facilitate identification, consultation and decision-making; 2) For independent runoff generation and confluence calculation units, the naming rule is: forecast node name + "above watershed"; 3) For interval-based flow generation and confluence calculation units, the naming rule is: downstream forecast node name + "." + upstream adjacent forecast node name; 4) When there are multiple upstream adjacent forecast nodes, separate them with "."; 5) Example, in Figure 4 In the diagram, A, B, C, and D are the names of the forecast nodes. Therefore, the name of the flow generation and confluence calculation unit for this interval is ABCD. The forecast results for node A can only be calculated after the forecast results for nodes B, C, and D have been calculated.
[0019] Coding method for generation and merging calculation unit: 1) The coding of independent runoff generation and confluence calculation units adopts the same coding as that of forecast nodes; 2) The coding of the inter-regional runoff generation and confluence calculation unit adopts the downstream forecast node code + "." + the upstream adjacent tandem forecast node code; 3) When there are multiple upstream adjacent serial nodes, the code of the interval generation and confluence calculation unit adopts the downstream forecast node code followed by the codes of all upstream adjacent forecast nodes, separated by "."; 4) Example, in Figure 4 In this context, assuming a, b, c, and d are the codes for forecast nodes A, B, C, and D respectively, then the code for the production and confluence calculation unit ABCD is: abcd.
[0020] 2.2.3 Comparison and Coding Methods for Computational Models: (1) Comparison of calculation models: The comparison and selection of forecasting methods is carried out using the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit as the object; Models with a qualification rate of over 75% for forecasting runoff depth and peak flow in at least 30 flood events are required as a mandatory method. Forecasting models or forecasting schemes that have been officially published and released by water administrative departments at all levels are mandatory methods. Forecasting models or forecasting schemes that have been reviewed and approved by experts in accordance with the "Technical Regulations for the Construction of Flood Forecasting Models (Trial)" issued by the Ministry of Water Resources shall be the mandatory selection method. After long-term testing of operational forecasts, models or forecasting schemes with good forecasting performance can be considered as alternative methods. For new flood forecasting methods, if they are compatible with the climate characteristics, runoff characteristics, hydrogeological conditions, topographic features, and data availability of the region where the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit is located, the forecasting method can be used as a trial method. To improve forecast accuracy, the forecasting methods of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit should be diversified.
[0021] (2) Model coding method: In order to enable the storage, identification, retrieval and sharing of forecast models, the forecast models need to be encoded. The encoding structure is: production and confluence calculation unit code + "." + 2-digit sequence code.
[0022] Example: by Figure 2 and Figure 4 For example, the basin runoff generation and concentration calculation methods adopt the Xin'anjiang model (XAJ model), the rainfall-runoff model (API model), and other models. The river runoff calculation adopts the Muskingan method, the river runoff unit line, the upstream and downstream correlation curves, and other models. The model codes are shown in Table 2-3 below.
[0023] Table 2-3 Example of coding for the generation and confluence calculation unit model
[0024] 2.2.3 Elements of the Generation and Confluence Calculation Unit The elements of the production and confluence calculation unit include the name of the production and confluence calculation unit, the code, the name of the calculation model, the model code, etc., and should be filled in Table 2-4 to support the construction of the topology diagram.
[0025] Table 2-4 Element Table of Calculation Unit for Flow Convergence
[0026] 3. Method for drawing the topology diagram of the current generation and merging calculation unit: (1) Draw a topology diagram of each runoff generation and runoff calculation unit. All the topology diagrams of runoff generation and runoff calculation units are arranged according to their internal connections and order to form a complete set of runoff generation and runoff calculation unit topology diagrams for the watershed. (2) When drawing, draw the topology diagram of the production and confluence calculation unit one by one from upstream to downstream, taking the production and confluence calculation unit as the object; (3) The topology diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit is arranged from upstream to downstream, first the tributaries and then the main stream, and the names of the main stream and tributaries are marked in the diagram title; (4) When drawing, a dashed outer frame is used to represent the range of the topology diagram of the production and confluence calculation unit. A text box is used on the upper border of the outer frame to indicate the production and confluence calculation unit described in the topology diagram of the production and confluence calculation unit. (5) When drawing, use text boxes to label input, model algorithm, scheduling method, output results, and continuation explanation, and use directional lines to represent logical order or process; (5) When drawing, the topology diagram of the production and confluence calculation unit must include text boxes for the names of the upstream production and confluence calculation units and the names of the downstream production and confluence calculation units.
[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Starting from the watershed or river system forecast node, this invention divides the topology of the whole watershed runoff generation and confluence calculation unit into the topology of n runoff generation and confluence calculation units. The adjacent runoff generation and confluence units establish logical connections through input and output, simplifying complex problems. Furthermore, a complete logical closed loop is formed from upstream to downstream and from tributaries to the main stream, thus achieving the goal of solving complex technical problems.
[0028] 2. This invention reveals the integrated forecasting and scheduling characteristics of a watershed from tributaries to the main stream and from upstream to downstream by using forecasting nodes → runoff generation and confluence calculation units → forecasting models → correlation relationships. It clarifies the forecasting and scheduling calculation logic and process, and provides important technical support for the construction of digital twin watershed software.
[0029] 3. The method for constructing topological elements of the production and confluence calculation unit, drawing topological diagrams, and implementation cases proposed in this invention have original characteristics and have important application value in the construction of new quality productivity in digital twin watersheds.
[0030] 4. This invention proposes a topology construction method system for digital twin watershed generation and confluence calculation units, which solves the key technical problems in the construction process of digital twin watersheds.
[0031] 5. This invention has a sound theoretical basis, improves forecast accuracy, and is highly practical. It can be used in the construction of "four forecasts" business systems such as digital twin watersheds and digital twin projects. It is easy to promote and implement and has good economic benefits. Attached Figure Description
[0032] Figure 1 A technical roadmap for constructing the topology of watershed runoff generation and confluence computing units; Figure 2 This is one of the schematic diagrams of river systems and forecast nodes; Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the river system and forecast nodes; Figure 4 This is the third schematic diagram of the river system and forecast nodes; Figure 5 Topological diagram of runoff generation and confluence calculation units in the watershed above Tanshan Reservoir; Figure 6 Topological diagram of runoff generation and confluence calculation units in the watershed above Kangshan Reservoir; Figure 7 Topological diagram of runoff generation and confluence calculation units in the watershed above Shimantan Reservoir; Figure 8 Topology diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for Tiangang Reservoir and Shimantan Reservoir; Figure 9 Topological diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for Yangzhuang Flood Detention Area, Tiangang Reservoir, Tanshan Reservoir, and Kangshan Reservoir; Figure 10 Topology diagram of runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for the Yangzhuang flood detention area at the Guili Hydrological Station; Figure 11 Topological diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit of the Guili Hydrological Station in the Laowangpo flood detention area; Figure 12 Topological diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for Wugouying Hydrological Station, Guili Hydrological Station, and Laowangpo Flood Detention Area; Figure 13 Topology diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for Miaowan Hydrological Station and Wugouying Hydrological Station; Figure 14 This is a topology diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit for the Xincai Hydrological Station and Miaowan Hydrological Station. Detailed Implementation
[0033] Example: See Figures 5-14 . I. Basic Information about the River Basin:
[0034] The Hongru River system is a first-order tributary on the left bank of the Huai River basin, with the vast majority of its catchment area located within Zhumadian City, Henan Province. The Xiaohong River is a first-order tributary of the Hongru River system and a second-order tributary of the Huai River basin. It originates in the Funiu Mountains of Wugang City, Henan Province, flowing through Wugang, Wuyang, Xiping, Shangcai, Pingyu, and Xincai counties (cities), before joining the main stream of the Hongru River at Bantai. The Xiaohong River has a main stream length of 251 km and a drainage area of 4287 km². 2 The basin contains one large reservoir (Shimantan), three medium-sized reservoirs (Tiangang, Tanshan, and Kangshan), and two flood detention areas (Yangzhuang and Laowangpo). There are currently six national basic hydrological stations, from upstream to downstream: Shimantan, Yangzhuang, Guili, Wugouying, Miaowan, and Xincai. II. Forecast Nodes
[0035] Based on actual flood control needs, a total of 10 forecasting nodes have been set up in this water system, from top to bottom: Shimantan Reservoir, Tiangang Reservoir, Tanshan Reservoir, Kangshan Reservoir, Yangzhuang Flood Detention Area, Guili Hydrological Station, Laowangpo Flood Detention Area, Wugouying Hydrological Station, Miaowan Hydrological Station, and Xincai Hydrological Station.
[0036] The names, codes, forecast elements, and relationships of each forecast node are shown in Table 4-1.
[0037] Table 4-1 Forecast Element Table for Xiaohonghe River System Forecast Nodes III. Flow Calculation Unit:
[0038] There is a one-to-one correspondence between the runoff generation and runoff calculation units and the forecast nodes. There are a total of 10 runoff generation and runoff calculation units in this river system, which are, from top to bottom, the basin above Shimantan Reservoir, Tiangang Reservoir, Shimantan Reservoir, the basin above Tanshan Reservoir, the basin above Kangshan Reservoir, Yangzhuang Flood Detention Area, Tiangang Reservoir, Tanshan Reservoir, Kangshan Reservoir, Guili Hydrological Station, Yangzhuang Flood Detention Area, Laowangpo Flood Detention Area, Guili Hydrological Station, Wugouying Hydrological Station, Guili Hydrological Station, Laowangpo Flood Detention Area, Miaowan Hydrological Station, Wugouying Hydrological Station, Xincai Hydrological Station, and Miaowan Hydrological Station.
[0039] The elements of the runoff generation and runoff calculation unit in the Xiaohong River Basin are shown in Table 4-2.
[0040] Table 4-2 Elements of Each Runoff Calculation Unit in the Xiaohonghe River System
[0041] IV. Topology diagram of the Xiaohong River runoff generation and confluence calculation unit:
[0042] The forecast topology map includes forecast nodes, runoff generation and runoff calculation units, forecast models, inputs and outputs, calculation processes for runoff generation and runoff calculation units, calculation processes for the entire basin forecast, and related relationships for the Xiaohong River system. The Xiaohong River runoff generation and runoff calculation unit topology map is shown below. Figures 5 to 14 The XAJ model in the diagram represents the Xin'anjiang model.
[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications made based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for constructing the topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit, comprising the following steps: (1) Constructing forecast node elements: a. By analyzing the flood forecasting needs of the river network, water system, water conservancy projects and hydrological stations in the physical watershed, all flood forecasting nodes on the watershed surface are identified; b. Name and code each flood forecast node to ensure that there is no duplication within or outside the basin; c. Determine the forecast elements and the relationship between adjacent forecast nodes. Based on the upstream and downstream location of the forecast nodes, establish the relationship between adjacent series forecast nodes. The flood forecast element output of the upstream adjacent series forecast nodes is the forecast model input of the downstream forecast nodes. d. Create a table of flood forecast node elements for the watershed, including the name, code, forecast elements, and relationships of the flood forecast nodes; (2) Constructing the elements of the production and confluence calculation unit: a. Dividing the runoff generation and runoff calculation units: The upstream catchment area of a watershed upstream of a forecast node without a forecast node is divided into a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, i.e., an independent runoff generation and runoff calculation unit; The catchment area between a downstream forecast node and an adjacent upstream series forecast node is divided into a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, i.e., an interval runoff generation and runoff calculation unit; For river network areas with bidirectional drainage where the upstream and downstream relationship is unclear, the catchment area between adjacent series forecast nodes is divided into a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit. b. Name and code each runoff generation and confluence calculation unit to ensure that there is no duplication within or outside the watershed; c. Select a computational model and encode it; d. Create a production flow calculation unit element table, including the production flow calculation unit name, code, calculation model name, and model code; (3) Draw the topology diagram of the generation and confluence calculation unit: For each runoff generation and runoff calculation unit, a runoff generation and runoff calculation unit topology diagram is drawn. All the runoff generation and runoff calculation unit topology diagrams are arranged in sequence according to their relationships to form a complete runoff generation and runoff calculation unit topology diagram of the watershed.
2. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (3), during the drawing process, the topology diagram of each production and confluence calculation unit is drawn one by one from upstream to downstream, taking the production and confluence calculation unit as the object; The topology diagram of the runoff generation and confluence calculation unit is arranged from upstream to downstream, with tributaries first and then the main stream.
3. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (3), when drawing, a dashed outer frame is used to represent the range of the production and confluence computing unit topology diagram. A text box is used on the upper border of the outer frame to indicate the name of the production and confluence computing unit described in the topology diagram. When drawing, a text box is used to label the input, model algorithm, scheduling method, output results, and continuation explanation, etc., and a directional line is used to represent the logical order or process. When drawing, the production and confluence computing unit topology diagram must include a text box containing the name of the upstream production and confluence computing unit and the name of the downstream production and confluence computing unit.
4. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (2), the naming method for the generation and merging calculation unit is as follows: 1) The principle is to enable people and machines to intuitively establish a mental connection with physical objects through the names of the production and confluence computing units, so as to facilitate identification, consultation and decision-making; 2) For independent runoff generation and confluence calculation units, the naming rule is: forecast node name + "above watershed"; 3) For interval generation and confluence calculation units, the naming rule is: downstream forecast node name + "". + upstream adjacent forecast node name; 4) When there are multiple upstream adjacent forecast nodes, use "." to separate them.
5. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (2), the encoding method for the generation and merging calculation unit is as follows: 1) The coding of independent runoff generation and confluence calculation units adopts the same coding as that of forecast nodes; 2) The coding of the inter-regional runoff generation and confluence calculation unit adopts the downstream forecast node code + "." + the upstream adjacent tandem forecast node code; 3) When there are multiple upstream adjacent serial nodes, the coding of the interval generation and confluence calculation unit adopts the downstream forecast node coding followed by the coding of all upstream adjacent forecast nodes, separated by ".".
6. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the calculation model encoding method is: generation and confluence calculation unit encoding + "" + 2-bit sequence code.
7. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (1), the method for determining the flood forecast node is as follows: Large and medium-sized reservoirs within the basin should be used as forecasting nodes, while small reservoirs should be used as flood forecasting nodes depending on their importance for flood control. For river dam projects, those without supporting hydrological stations and operating smoothly during the flood season can be excluded from the forecasting nodes; all other cases should be considered as forecasting nodes. Flood detention areas within the basin should be used as forecasting nodes; Whether a cross-river section of a major national infrastructure project should be used as a forecasting node depends on its flood control standards and importance. National basic hydrological stations should be used as forecasting nodes; Important river sections for flood control should be used as forecasting nodes.
8. The method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (1), the naming method for forecast nodes is as follows: The forecast nodes for reservoir projects are named after the reservoir projects. The forecast nodes for river dam projects are named after the river dam project itself. The forecast nodes for flood detention areas are named after the flood detention area projects. Forecasting nodes for national basic hydrological stations are named after the hydrological stations. The forecast nodes for cross-river sections of major national infrastructure projects are named after the cross-river projects.
9. A method for constructing a topology of a digital twin watershed runoff generation and merging computational unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: in In step (1), the coding method for the flood forecast node is as follows: Forecast nodes use 10-digit or character encoding; The first four digits of the code represent the river identifier; The 5th and 6th digits represent the provincial administrative region code; The 7th to 9th digits are the prediction node sequence code, with values between "001" and "999"; The 10th bit is the extension code, which takes values from 0 to 9. 0 represents the current forecast node, and 1 to 9 represent the sequence code of newly added forecast nodes in future work. 6) The coding order is downstream first, then upstream, and main stream first, then tributary.