Disclosed are a method and system for optimizing the anti-icing design of a bionic umbrella-shaped structure of a disc-type suspension porcelain insulator.

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of insulators, and discloses a disc-shaped suspension type porcelain insulator bionic umbrella structure anti-icing optimization design method and system.The method comprises the following steps: constructing a wetting gradient coating with gradually increased water contact angles from a root to a brim on an insulator umbrella surface; dividing the umbrella surface into a plurality of concentric ring belts, embedding fluorescent pigments with non-overlapping emission wavelengths in each ring belt, judging an icing area by scanning fluorescent spectrum changes through an optical probe, inverting the icing thickness of each ring belt according to fluorescent intensity attenuation, and independently determining heating parameters according to the thickness grade; controlling a laser to emit laser to the corresponding ring belt, heating a shape memory polymer film to make it produce directional deformation, and utilizing a pushing force to destroy ice layer adhesion; and re-scanning and evaluating the deicing effect after heating, and correcting subsequent heating parameters.The application realizes self-sensing, graded deicing and closed-loop optimization of icing, and improves the anti-icing capacity of the insulator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of insulator technology, specifically to an optimized design method and system for anti-icing of disc-type suspension porcelain insulators with biomimetic umbrella-shaped structures. Background Technology

[0002] Disc-type suspension porcelain insulators are common equipment in high-voltage transmission lines. In cold and humid regions or high-altitude mountainous areas, once the umbrella surface is covered with ice, it can easily cause ice flashover, threatening the safe operation of the power grid. To solve the icing problem, researchers have developed technologies such as superhydrophobic coatings. However, the wettability of these coatings is relatively uniform, making it difficult to achieve differentiated water repellency for different locations on the umbrella surface. Water droplets tend to remain on the umbrella surface and nucleate, resulting in a less than ideal passive anti-icing effect.

[0003] Currently, ice accumulation monitoring mainly relies on image recognition or manual inspection. Both of these methods have time lag issues and are difficult to guarantee accuracy. They often cannot accurately locate ice areas or quantify ice thickness in the early stages of ice accumulation, resulting in a lack of targeted de-icing measures.

[0004] In the de-icing process, most current methods use uniform heating or mechanical de-icing. This approach cannot be graded according to the actual degree of icing, which can easily lead to energy waste or incomplete de-icing. More importantly, existing de-icing solutions lack a closed-loop confirmation mechanism for effectiveness and lack parameter optimization methods. The long-term economic efficiency and reliability of these solutions need further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a method and system for optimizing the anti-icing design of a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides a method for optimizing the anti-icing design of a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Construct a wetting gradient coating on the upper surface of the insulator umbrella surface, with the water contact angle gradually increasing from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge;

[0008] Step 2: Divide the umbrella surface radially into multiple concentric rings, embed fluorescent pigments with non-overlapping emission wavelengths into the coating of each ring, scan the changes in the fluorescence spectrum of the umbrella surface using a non-contact optical probe, and determine the icing area based on the changes in fluorescence intensity of each ring.

[0009] Step 3: Based on the fluorescence intensity decay of each ring, the icing thickness of each ring is inverted, and the icing state of each ring is divided into multiple levels according to the thickness. The corresponding heating parameters are determined independently according to the level to which each ring belongs.

[0010] Step 4: Based on the heating parameters determined in Step 3, control the laser installed on the tower to emit laser light to the corresponding ring, heat the shape memory polymer film installed under the coating, causing it to undergo directional deformation, and use the thrust generated by the deformation to break the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating interface.

[0011] Step 5: After the heating action in Step 4 is completed, the fluorescence spectrum of each ring zone is scanned again through the optical probe. The de-icing effect is evaluated based on the scanning results, and the subsequent heating parameters are adjusted according to the evaluation results.

[0012] Secondly, the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure anti-icing optimization design system for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators provided in this application includes a data acquisition layer and an execution layer. The data acquisition layer and the execution layer interact with each other through an industrial fieldbus and share the same main control unit and power management module.

[0013] The acquisition layer includes:

[0014] The optical excitation module is used to emit ultraviolet light to excite the emission characteristic spectra of the fluorescent pigments in each ring on the umbrella surface of the insulator;

[0015] The spectral acquisition module receives the fluorescence emission signals returned from each ring, decomposes the mixed light signal into intensity values ​​of the characteristic wavelengths corresponding to the i-th ring, converts them into digital signals, and displays the measured fluorescence intensity values ​​of each ring. The results are output to the icing factor calculation module and the thickness inversion module, respectively.

[0016] The icing factor calculation module is used to receive the measured fluorescence intensity values ​​of each ring output by the spectral acquisition module. It also reads the fluorescence intensity reference values ​​of each annulus in its dry state stored in the non-volatile memory. Based on the measured fluorescence intensity value of the i-th ring... and the benchmark value Calculate the icing factor of the i-th ring. The icing factor The icing factor is compared with a preset threshold to determine the icing ring zone. The icing ring number is output to the thickness inversion module;

[0017] The thickness inversion module is used to receive the icing factors of each annulus output by the icing factor calculation module. The icing ring numbers are then read from the read-only memory, along with the pre-calibrated absorption and scattering coefficients of each ring, based on the icing factor. The absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient are used to invert the thickness of the i-th ring ice layer. Calculate the spatial coverage correction factor And the thickness of the ice layer in the i-th ring The corrected icing thickness is obtained by making adjustments. The icing levels are classified according to a preset grading threshold, and the independent laser power of the i-th ring is calculated. and heating time This will include the ring number and laser power. and heating time The control command frames are output to the execution layer via the industrial fieldbus;

[0018] The feedback evaluation module receives the execution completion status flag returned by the execution layer, triggers the optical excitation module and the spectral acquisition module to perform a secondary scan after the heating action is completed, receives the measured fluorescence intensity value output by the spectral acquisition module during the secondary scan, and calculates the residual ice content evaluation factor of the i-th ring based on the secondary scan data. The de-icing effect is determined, and the compensation heating parameters or parameter correction commands are output to the execution layer, along with the feature vectors of each ring. Write to the database;

[0019] The execution layer includes:

[0020] The instruction parsing module is used to receive control instruction frames sent by the acquisition layer via the industrial fieldbus, and after verification, extract the ring number and laser power of each ring from the control instruction frame. and heating time The laser power Mapped to drive current value, heating time The values ​​are mapped to timer counts, stored in the corresponding driver registers, and the driver parameters for each channel are output to the laser driver module.

[0021] The laser driving module is used to receive the driving current values ​​and heating duration count values ​​of each channel output by the instruction parsing module, drive the corresponding laser to output laser to each ring, heat the shape memory polymer film set under the coating, so as to cause it to produce directional deformation, and return an execution completion status flag to the feedback evaluation module of the acquisition layer after the heating is completed.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. The present invention constructs a wetting gradient coating on the umbrella surface with a continuously increasing water contact angle from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge, so that water droplets automatically roll off to the umbrella edge under the action of gradient driving force, reducing the retention of water droplets on the umbrella surface in the early stage of icing and improving the passive anti-icing capability of the insulator umbrella surface.

[0024] 2. This invention divides the umbrella surface into multiple concentric rings and embeds fluorescent pigments with non-overlapping emission wavelengths. It uses a non-contact optical probe to scan changes in the fluorescence spectrum to locate the icing area. At the same time, it inverts the icing thickness of each ring by the attenuation of the fluorescence signal, providing a sensing basis for differentiated de-icing.

[0025] 3. This invention classifies ice layers into grades based on differences in ice thickness and independently determines heating parameters. It uses laser heating to generate directional deformation in a shape memory polymer film, and utilizes the deformation thrust to break the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating interface, thus achieving graded and on-demand active de-icing.

[0026] 4. This invention rescans the fluorescence spectrum after heating and de-icing, determines the de-icing effect through the residual ice amount assessment factor, and corrects the subsequent heating parameters accordingly. At the same time, it achieves adaptive adjustment based on the feature vector of multiple de-icing records, gradually reducing energy consumption while ensuring the de-icing effect. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position and scanning method of the optical probe of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, uses the biomimetic umbrella structure of a disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulator as an example to provide a detailed description of the anti-icing optimization design method and system for the biomimetic umbrella structure of a disc-shaped suspension porcelain insulator provided in this application.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] See appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown, this application provides an optimized design method for anti-icing of a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure for a disc-type suspension porcelain insulator, the method comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Construct a wetting gradient coating on the upper surface of the insulator umbrella surface, with the water contact angle gradually increasing from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge. This design aims to use the driving force generated by the contact angle gradient to make water droplets roll off automatically, thus achieving a self-repellent water function.

[0035] Specifically, in step one, a superhydrophobic coating is prepared by combining fluorosilane-modified SiO2 nanoparticles with organic resin; the fluorosilane-modified SiO2 nanoparticles provide a rough structure at the micro-nano scale, and the organic resin acts as a binder to ensure the adhesion between the coating and the surface of the insulator; by controlling the concentration of fluorosilane to increase linearly from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge, multiple concentration gradients (e.g., 6) are achieved, thereby forming a continuous wetting gradient in the radial direction of the umbrella surface;

[0036] Among them, the contact angle θ at the umbrella root root For the hydrophobic range (e.g., 100°-120°), the contact angle θ at the umbrella edge edge It is in the superhydrophobic range (e.g., 150°-160°), and the contact angle from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge gradually increases radially; the coating surface has a lotus leaf-like micro-nano binary composite rough structure, which is composed of micron-sized protrusions and nano-sized particles, which can capture the air layer and further reduce the contact area between water droplets and the surface.

[0037] The driving force F of a water droplet on a surface with a contact angle gradient 驱 for:

[0038] ;

[0039] Where γ is the surface tension coefficient of water (e.g., γ = 0.072 N / m at 0℃), r drop Let r be the contact radius of the water droplet (e.g., r can be taken as r). drop =2×10 -3 m), where m is the contact angle gradient, and θavg is the average contact angle;

[0040] As an example calculation: take θ root ≈110°, θ edge ≈155° then θ avg ≈132°, substituting the values ​​from the example above into the formula, we get F. 驱 ≈-4.7×10 -6 N, with a negative sign, indicates that the driving force is directed towards the edge of the umbrella; this driving force can drive water droplets to roll from the base of the umbrella towards the edge, thus achieving a self-driving water function.

[0041] Step 2: By embedding fluorescent pigments with different emission wavelengths into the umbrella surface, and using an optical probe to non-contactly scan changes in the fluorescence spectrum, the precise location of the icing area is achieved, thus building a sensing capability;

[0042] Specifically, in step two, the umbrella surface is divided radially into N equidistant concentric rings, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3 (preferably N=6), and the width of each ring is Δr=W / N (where W is the effective diameter of the umbrella surface). Each ring's superhydrophobic coating incorporates insulating inorganic fluorescent pigments with different emission wavelengths. The emission wavelengths of each ring do not overlap in the visible light band and have sufficient spectral spacing to allow for differentiation by a miniature fiber optic spectrometer. The fluorescent pigments are rare-earth-doped aluminate or silicate phosphors. Rare-earth-doped phosphors possess excellent chemical stability, long fluorescence lifetime, and strong weather resistance, enabling them to maintain fluorescence properties for extended periods even in harsh environments.

[0043] See appendix Figure 3 As shown, a non-contact optical probe is installed at the crossarm of the tower. The optical probe includes a UV-LED excitation source and a miniature fiber optic spectrometer. The UV-LED excitation source emits ultraviolet light to excite the characteristic emission spectra of each ring of fluorescent pigment. The miniature fiber optic spectrometer receives the returned fluorescence signal and decomposes it into the intensity value of the corresponding characteristic wavelength of each ring. The optical probe automatically scans the fluorescence spectrum of the umbrella surface once every set time to realize real-time monitoring of the icing status.

[0044] It should be noted that, preferably, the optical probe window can be equipped with a transparent conductive heating film (ITO film) and a temperature and humidity sensor. When the ambient temperature is below 2°C and the relative humidity is above 80%, the heating defrost will be automatically activated to ensure that the window lens is always transparent under freezing rain and snow conditions, and to avoid the probe itself freezing and causing monitoring failure.

[0045] Define the icing factor Λ of the i-th ring. i for:

[0046] ;

[0047] in, The reference value for fluorescence intensity of the i-th ring when ice-free is given. This represents the measured fluorescence intensity value after icing; when Λ i When the value is >5%, the i-th ring is determined to be icy. This threshold value takes into account both the environmental noise and measurement error of the fluorescence signal, and can effectively avoid misjudgment.

[0048] Step 3: By analyzing the attenuation characteristics of the ice layer on the fluorescence emission light, the ice thickness is inverted, and differentiated de-icing strategies are triggered according to the thickness level to achieve graded execution;

[0049] Specifically, in step three, the attenuation of fluorescence emission by the ice layer follows a modified Beer-Lambert law:

[0050] ;

[0051] in, The effective absorption coefficient (in meters) of the fluorescence wavelength corresponding to the i-th ring in the ice layer. -1 ), α sca Scattering coefficient caused by microbubbles and grain boundaries in the ice layer (unit: m) -1 ), The ice thickness of the i-th ring (in meters);

[0052] The icing thickness of the i-th ring is obtained by inversion:

[0053] ;

[0054] Based on the calculation The icing status of each ring zone is divided into three levels (the grading thresholds can be adjusted according to actual working conditions, with mild icing <0.5mm, moderate icing 0.5-2.0mm, and severe icing ≥2.0mm being preferred):

[0055] When h ice When the ice layer thickness is less than 0.5 mm, it is classified as Level I (mild). At this time, only the ice layer is recorded and an early warning is issued. The lowest power preheating mode (P=P0×0.5, t=t0×0.3) is activated so that the ice layer interface melts slightly. The water-driving force generated by the wetting gradient coating in step one will drive away the melted ice water, thereby achieving synergistic de-icing without relying on a single water-driving effect.

[0056] When 0.5mm≤h ice When the thickness is less than 2.0mm, it is classified as Level II (moderate). In this case, step four, SMP top crack de-icing, is initiated. , The values ​​of the heating parameters;

[0057] When h ice When the thickness is ≥2.0mm, it is classified as Level III (severe). In this case, step four, SMP top crack de-icing, is initiated. , At the same time, report to the operations and maintenance department;

[0058] The heating parameters of each ring are adaptively corrected according to the following formula:

[0059] ;

[0060] Wherein, P0 and t0 are the reference heating parameters, preferably P0=2.0W and t0=60s:

[0061] ,

[0062] ;

[0063] Each ring zone is calculated independently, without affecting each other, and executes independently; this design ensures that each ring zone can obtain the optimal de-icing parameters according to its own icing state, avoiding energy waste or incomplete de-icing caused by uniform parameters;

[0064] Introducing a spatial coverage correction factor :

[0065] ;

[0066] in, Let β be the proportion of the icing area of ​​the i-th ring, and β be a correction coefficient (dimensionless, preferably 2.5-3.5).

[0067] The icing thickness has been corrected to:

[0068] .

[0069] Step 4: The shape memory polymer film is induced to undergo directional deformation by laser heating, and the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating interface is broken by mechanical thrust, so as to achieve efficient de-icing.

[0070] Specifically, in step four, a low-temperature triggered shape memory polyurethane (SMP) film is added beneath the superhydrophobic coating, with a film thickness of, for example, 50 μm; the SMP is doped with, for example, 5 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a photothermal conversion agent, whereby the carbon nanotubes can absorb near-infrared laser light and convert it into heat energy; the SMP deformation recovery temperature T... tr =5℃, meaning that when the temperature rises above 5℃, the SMP returns to the preset shape;

[0071] It should be noted that a silane coupling agent transition layer is coated between the shape memory polyurethane (SMP) film and the ceramic insulator substrate, and between the shape memory polyurethane (SMP) film and the superhydrophobic coating, so that the SMP deformation stress can be effectively transferred to the ice layer interface; thus meeting the requirements for long-term outdoor operation.

[0072] Six sets of addressable near-infrared laser diodes (LDs) with a laser wavelength of 980nm are installed on the tower. Each set is independently aligned with a ring and executed according to the differentiated parameters output in step three. Each set of laser diodes can be independently controlled to achieve precise heating of a specific ring and avoid affecting other rings.

[0073] The pushing stress σ generated by SMP due to heating act for:

[0074] ;

[0075] Among them, E SMP =10MPa is the elastic modulus of SMP, ε act =30% is the deformation recovery rate, η有效 =30% is the effective work coefficient;

[0076] Adhesion stress τ of ice on superhydrophobic coating surface adh ≈0.1-0.3MPa, σ act =0.9MPa≫τ adh The interface fracture is reliable; this design ensures that the thrust generated by the SMP can reliably break the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating, achieving rapid de-icing.

[0077] Step 5: Evaluate the de-icing effect through a second scan, and adjust the heating parameters based on the evaluation results to achieve continuous optimization of the de-icing strategy;

[0078] Specifically, after the heating action in step four is completed, there is a delay for a certain period of time (e.g., t). delay =30s, waiting for thermal equilibrium reconstruction), the optical probe from step two scans the fluorescence intensity of each zone again, and calculates the residual ice amount assessment factor Φ. i :

[0079] ;

[0080] The closed-loop correction logic is as follows:

[0081] When 0 < Φi ≤ 1, the de-icing is deemed qualified. At this time, the heating parameters are recorded as valid parameters and stored in the database.

[0082] When Φ i >1 indicates insufficient defrosting; in this case, additional compensating heating should be added proportionally. ;in, The compensation coefficient is preferably 1.2. Set the upper limit of the laser's rated safe power (preferably 3.0W); if the upper limit is exceeded, proceed as follows: Execute the command and report a power saturation warning to prevent equipment overheating and damage;

[0083] When 0.4 < Φ i If the value is less than 0.7, it is considered excellent for de-icing. At this point, the optimal parameter is recorded as the basis for adaptive down-adjustment (see the adaptive learning mechanism below).

[0084] When Φ i ≤0.4 indicates either excessive de-icing or insufficient icing. In this case, the annulus is considered to have minimal actual icing or be overheated. Record this as a high-energy-consumption case, pause adaptive down-adjustment of the annulus, and extend the next scan interval to three times the standard interval to avoid ineffective heating. Wait until the next normal heating and de-icing cycle before proceeding. i When the value falls within the range of (0.4, 0.7) or [0, 1], the adaptive downsampling qualification of that ring is restored.

[0085] Adaptive learning: Record the feature vector after the kth de-icing of the i-th ring:

[0086] ;

[0087] When M consecutive records are made (preferably M=3), Φ i ∈ (0.4, 0.7) and When the values ​​are similar, the heating parameters of the ring belt will be automatically reduced. This can be done using the following formula:

[0088] ;

[0089] Wherein, ε is the down-adjustment coefficient (dimensionless, preferably ε=0.90);

[0090] Accordingly, when Φ is repeated twice i When the value is >1 (insufficient de-icing), the heating parameter of the belt ring will be automatically increased. This can be done using the following formula:

[0091] ;

[0092] in, To adjust the coefficient (dimensionless, preferred) =1.10); if Φ recovers 3 times consecutively after adjustment. i If the optimal state is ∈ (0.4, 0.7), then the adjustment is allowed to be lowered again, forming a two-way adaptive adjustment to avoid unidirectional drift of system parameters;

[0093] This adaptive learning mechanism can continuously optimize heating parameters based on historical de-icing data, gradually reducing energy consumption while ensuring de-icing effect. At the same time, it can cope with sudden changes in severe icing conditions through an adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the system has reliable adaptive capabilities under various operating conditions.

[0094] This embodiment provides a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure anti-icing optimization design method for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators, which can realize the functions of self-sensing, self-water driving, self-de-icing and self-optimization of ice accretion on the insulator umbrella surface. It effectively solves the technical problems of poor adaptability of single uniform coating, lag in ice accretion detection and lack of graded response in de-icing strategy in existing anti-icing technologies, and significantly improves the operational reliability of high-voltage transmission lines in cold and humid areas and high-altitude mountainous areas.

[0095] Example 2

[0096] See appendix Figure 4 As shown in Embodiment 1, this application also provides an anti-icing optimization design system for a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of a disc-type suspension porcelain insulator. The system is divided into a data acquisition layer and an execution layer, which interact with each other via an industrial fieldbus and share the same main control unit and power management module.

[0097] The acquisition layer is responsible for the entire process of optical signal acquisition, data processing, icing localization, thickness grading, effect evaluation, and adaptive learning; the acquisition subsystem includes the following modules:

[0098] The optical excitation module emits ultraviolet light to excite the characteristic emission spectra of each ring-shaped fluorescent pigment. For example, a UV-LED light source with a center wavelength of 365nm can be used. This module includes a UV-LED light source and a matching driving circuit, with the light spot covering the entire umbrella surface. The UV-LED light source is installed at the crossarm of the tower, with the top view angle aligned with the insulator umbrella surface, and uniform illumination is achieved through an optical lens group. The driving circuit adopts a constant current driving mode to ensure stable output power of the light source.

[0099] The spectral acquisition module receives the fluorescence emission signals returned from each ring zone, decomposes the mixed light signal into the intensity values ​​of the characteristic wavelengths corresponding to each ring zone, and converts them into digital signals. It should be noted that this module includes a receiving lens group, a miniature fiber optic spectrometer, and a 16-bit ADC. The receiving lens group collects the fluorescence signals returned from the umbrella surface, transmits them through optical fiber to the spectrometer for spectral processing, and the ADC converts the analog signals into digital signals for subsequent processing.

[0100] The icing factor calculation module reads the baseline values ​​of fluorescence intensity of each annulus in the dry state from the non-volatile memory. The measured fluorescence intensity of each ring zone is received from the spectral acquisition module. ,implement Calculate the icing factor for each circumference, and use Λ i The icing factor is compared with a preset threshold (preferably 5%) and outputs a set of icing ring numbers. It should be noted that this module is based on the STM32H7 main control chip, uses 32-bit floating-point arithmetic, and has 6 independent comparison channels. The icing factor calculation module compares the fluorescence intensity changes of each ring in real time. When the icing factor of a certain ring exceeds the set threshold, it is determined that the ring has been iced and the icing ring number is recorded.

[0101] The thickness inversion module receives the Λ output from the icing factor calculation module. i And the ring number, read the pre-calibrated absorption coefficient of each ring from the ROM. With scattering coefficient ;implement Inverting ice thickness, performing Spatial coverage correction is performed to obtain The system is divided into levels I / II / III according to preset grading thresholds (preferably 0.5mm and 2.0mm), and then executed. Calculate the independent optimal heating parameters for each ring, encode the heating parameters into control command frames (including ring number i, power P, and time t), and send them to the execution layer via RS-485 / Modbus bus;

[0102] feedback evaluation module, configured to delay for several seconds or several minutes to re-trigger the optical excitation module and the spectrum acquisition module for secondary scanning after the execution layer completes the heating action and returns an execution completion status flag, and receive the ice coating factor of the secondary scanning , execute to calculate the residual ice amount evaluation factor of each annular zone, according to Φ i to determine that deicing is qualified (0<Φ i ≤1) / insufficient (Φ i >1) / excellent (0.4<Φ i <0.7); when Φ i >1, calculate the compensation heating parameter and send it to the execution layer; when M consecutive records (preferably M=3) are similar, automatically execute to lower the heating parameter of the corresponding annular zone; write the feature vector into the database, and upload the ice coating history curve to the operation and maintenance center via 4G communication.

[0103] The execution layer is responsible for receiving the heating control instruction issued by the acquisition layer, parsing the instruction into power parameters and time parameters corresponding to each annular zone, driving the corresponding laser diode to output near-infrared laser, inducing the SMP film to generate directional deformation to crack the ice layer; the execution subsystem includes the following modules:

[0104] instruction parsing module, configured to receive the control instruction frame sent by the acquisition layer through the RS-485 / Modbus bus, extract the annular zone number i and laser power of each annular zone from the data frame after CRC check , heating time ; map the power value to the driving current value of the corresponding laser diode through a pre-calibrated curve, map the time value to the timer count value, and store them in 6 sets of driving registers; it should be noted that the instruction parsing module ensures the completeness and correctness of the control instruction, and the CRC check can detect errors in the data transmission process;

[0105] laser driving module, configured to respectively drive 6 sets of 980nm laser diodes according to the driving current value of each channel and the heating duration count value stored in the driving register by the instruction parsing module; each set of laser diodes has an independently adjustable power of 0.5-3.0W, is equipped with an independent timing switch, and the light spot is expanded to D=10cm (uniformity>85%) through the beam expanding lens group; it should be noted that the laser driving module is in one-to-one correspondence with each annular zone, and realizes fixed-point heating of the SMP film of a specific annular zone by controlling the laser output; this module includes a hardware-level safety interlock protection, which cuts off all laser diodes with a response time of <50ms when an abnormality is detected, so as to ensure system safety; after the heating is completed, return an execution completion status flag to the acquisition layer.

[0106] This embodiment provides a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure anti-icing optimization design system for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators. The system utilizes a data acquisition layer to perform optical signal acquisition, icing location, thickness inversion, parameter calculation, and effect evaluation. An execution layer handles command parsing and laser driving. The acquisition and execution layers interact via an RS-485 / Modbus bus, sharing a main control unit and power management module for coordinated control. The system can automatically trigger corresponding de-icing strategies based on the icing status and continuously optimize heating parameters based on the de-icing effect, achieving fully automated processing of insulator umbrella surface icing.

[0107] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and systems can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some communication interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely specific implementations of this application, used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. The protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features, within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. All should be covered within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An optimized design method for anti-icing of a biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of a disc-type suspension porcelain insulator, characterized in that... The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct a wetting gradient coating on the upper surface of the insulator umbrella surface, with the water contact angle gradually increasing from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge; Step 2: Divide the umbrella surface radially into multiple concentric rings, embed fluorescent pigments with non-overlapping emission wavelengths into the coating of each ring, scan the changes in the fluorescence spectrum of the umbrella surface using a non-contact optical probe, and determine the icing area based on the changes in fluorescence intensity of each ring. Step 3: Based on the fluorescence intensity decay of each ring, the icing thickness of each ring is inverted, and the icing state of each ring is divided into multiple levels according to the thickness. The corresponding heating parameters are determined independently according to the level to which each ring belongs. Step 4: Based on the heating parameters determined in Step 3, control the laser installed on the tower to emit laser light to the corresponding ring, heat the shape memory polymer film installed under the coating, causing it to undergo directional deformation, and use the thrust generated by the deformation to break the adhesion between the ice layer and the coating interface. Step 5: After the heating action in Step 4 is completed, the fluorescence spectrum of each ring zone is scanned again through the optical probe. The de-icing effect is evaluated based on the scanning results, and the subsequent heating parameters are adjusted according to the evaluation results.

2. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one: the wetting gradient coating is a superhydrophobic coating prepared by combining fluorosilane-modified silica nanoparticles and organic resin. The fluorosilane-modified silica nanoparticles provide a micro-nano scale rough structure, and the organic resin acts as a binder. The wetting gradient coating is formed by controlling the fluorosilane concentration to increase linearly from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge. The contact angle at the umbrella root... For the hydrophobic region, the contact angle at the umbrella edge Within the superhydrophobic range, the contact angle from the umbrella root to the umbrella edge gradually increases radially.

3. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step two: the umbrella surface is divided radially into N concentric rings at equal intervals, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 3. Each ring has the same width, and the emission wavelength corresponding to the i-th ring does not overlap with the other rings in the visible light band and has a distinguishable interval. ; The optical probe includes an ultraviolet light-emitting diode excitation source and a miniature fiber optic spectrometer. The ultraviolet light-emitting diode excitation source emits ultraviolet light to excite each of the ring-shaped fluorescent pigments to emit characteristic spectra. The miniature fiber optic spectrometer receives the returned fluorescence signal and decomposes it into the intensity value of the characteristic wavelength corresponding to the i-th ring-shaped pigment.

4. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step two, the method for determining the icing area is as follows: define the icing factor of the i-th ring. The icing factor Based on the baseline value of fluorescence intensity of the i-th ring under ice-free conditions Compared with the measured fluorescence intensity value after icing Calculated; when the icing factor When the value exceeds a preset threshold, it is determined that the i-th ring is icing.

5. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step three: the inversion of the ice thickness is based on the reference value of the fluorescence intensity of the i-th ring when there is no ice. Measured fluorescence intensity value after icing The effective absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient of the corresponding wavelength of the i-th ring in the ice layer are calculated to obtain the ice thickness of the i-th ring. ; The ice thickness of each of the aforementioned annular zones They are divided into multiple levels in ascending order, with each level corresponding to different heating power and heating time.

6. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step three, a spatial coverage correction factor is also calculated based on the proportion of the icing area of ​​the i-th ring zone. The ice thickness of the i-th ring Divided by the aforementioned spatial coverage correction factor The corrected icing thickness was obtained. And based on the corrected icing thickness Determine the heating parameters; the heating parameters of the i-th ring include laser power. and heating time Each circumference is calculated independently and does not affect the others.

7. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step four: the shape memory polymer film is a low-temperature triggered shape memory polyurethane film, and carbon nanotubes are doped into the film as a photothermal conversion agent; the laser is a near-infrared laser diode, and each group of laser diodes is independently aligned with one of the rings, according to the laser power of the i-th ring determined in step three. and heating time Independent control output; the pushing stress generated by the shape memory polymer film after heating is greater than the adhesion stress at the interface between the ice layer and the coating.

8. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step five, the method for evaluating the de-icing effect is as follows: calculate the residual ice amount evaluation factor for the i-th ring. The residual ice assessment factor Calculated based on the icing factor after heating and the preset threshold icing factor; When the residual ice volume assessment factor When the temperature is within the preset acceptable range, the de-icing is deemed acceptable and the heating parameters for this test are recorded as valid parameters; when the residual ice quantity assessment factor... When the temperature exceeds the preset acceptable range, the de-icing is deemed insufficient, and additional compensatory heating is applied proportionally. The compensatory heating parameters include compensatory power. ; When the residual ice volume assessment factor When the value is within the preset excellent judgment range, the de-icing is judged as excellent and the optimal parameters are recorded.

9. The anti-icing optimization design method for the biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure of the disc-type suspension porcelain insulator according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step five also includes adaptive learning: recording the feature vector of the i-th ring after the k-th de-icing operation. The feature vector Includes the icing factor of the kth time. Corrected icing thickness Laser power Heating time and residual ice volume assessment factors ; When the residual ice volume assessment factor is recorded multiple times consecutively Ice thickness within the preset excellent judgment range and after correction When the values ​​are similar, the heating parameters of the ring are automatically lowered; when the residual ice quantity assessment factor is used repeatedly... When the temperature exceeds the preset acceptable range, the heating parameters of the ring belt will be automatically increased.

10. A biomimetic umbrella-shaped structure anti-icing optimized design system for disc-type suspension porcelain insulators, characterized in that: For performing the method as described in any one of claims 1-9, the system includes an acquisition layer and an execution layer, wherein the acquisition layer and the execution layer interact with each other via an industrial fieldbus and share the same main control unit and power management module; The acquisition layer includes: The optical excitation module is used to emit ultraviolet light to excite the emission characteristic spectra of the fluorescent pigments in each ring on the insulator umbrella surface; The spectral acquisition module receives the fluorescence emission signals returned from each ring, decomposes the mixed light signal into intensity values ​​of the characteristic wavelengths corresponding to the i-th ring, converts them into digital signals, and displays the measured fluorescence intensity values ​​of each ring. The results are output to the icing factor calculation module and the thickness inversion module, respectively. The icing factor calculation module is used to receive the measured fluorescence intensity values ​​of each ring output by the spectral acquisition module. It also reads the fluorescence intensity reference values ​​of each annulus in its dry state stored in the non-volatile memory. Based on the measured fluorescence intensity value of the i-th ring... and the benchmark value Calculate the icing factor of the i-th ring. The icing factor The icing factor is compared with a preset threshold to determine the icing ring zone. The icing ring number is output to the thickness inversion module; The thickness inversion module is used to receive the icing factors of each annulus output by the icing factor calculation module. The icing ring numbers are then read from the read-only memory, along with the pre-calibrated absorption and scattering coefficients of each ring, based on the icing factor. The absorption coefficient and the scattering coefficient are used to invert the thickness of the i-th ring ice layer. Calculate the spatial coverage correction factor And the thickness of the ice layer in the i-th ring The corrected icing thickness is obtained by making adjustments. The icing levels are classified according to a preset grading threshold, and the independent laser power of the i-th ring is calculated. and heating time This will include the ring number and laser power. and heating time The control command frames are output to the execution layer via the industrial fieldbus; The feedback evaluation module receives the execution completion status flag returned by the execution layer, triggers the optical excitation module and the spectral acquisition module to perform a secondary scan after the heating action is completed, receives the measured fluorescence intensity value output by the spectral acquisition module during the secondary scan, and calculates the residual ice content evaluation factor of the i-th ring based on the secondary scan data. The de-icing effect is determined, and the compensation heating parameters or parameter correction commands are output to the execution layer, along with the feature vectors of each ring. Write to the database; The execution layer includes: The instruction parsing module is used to receive control instruction frames sent by the acquisition layer via the industrial fieldbus, and after verification, extract the ring number and laser power of each ring from the control instruction frame. and heating time The laser power Mapped to drive current value, heating time The values ​​are mapped to timer counts, stored in the corresponding driver registers, and the driver parameters for each channel are output to the laser driver module. The laser driving module is used to receive the driving current values ​​and heating duration count values ​​of each channel output by the instruction parsing module, drive the corresponding laser to output laser to each ring, heat the shape memory polymer film set under the coating, so as to cause it to produce directional deformation, and return an execution completion status flag to the feedback evaluation module of the acquisition layer after the heating is completed.

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