A method and system for accounting for GHG emissions of a whole life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of for HPR1000 nuclear power plant whole life cycle GHG emission accounting method and system, belong to energy emission technical field, including: determining the accounting system boundary of HPR1000 nuclear power plant whole life cycle;Establish carbon emission accounting model of each link of HPR1000 nuclear power plant whole life cycle;According to the carbon emission accounting model of each link, construction period carbon emission, operation period carbon emission and decommissioning period carbon emission are calculated respectively;According to construction period carbon emission, operation period carbon emission and decommissioning period carbon emission, the total amount of carbon emission of HPR1000 nuclear power plant whole life cycle is calculated;According to the total amount of carbon emission of HPR1000 nuclear power plant whole life cycle, the net emission reduction capacity of HPR1000 nuclear power plant is evaluated.The application can objectively, complete evaluation nuclear power plant whole life cycle carbon emission and net emission reduction capacity, provides data support for nuclear power technology design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy emission technology, and more specifically to a method and system for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant. Background Technology

[0002] The power sector accounts for nearly 40% of global carbon emissions from energy activities, making its low-carbon transition crucial for addressing climate change and achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As a reliable baseload power source, nuclear power plays a vital role in achieving net-zero GHG emissions. Third-generation nuclear power is currently the most mature and advanced nuclear power technology and is the main nuclear power technology for large-scale deployment in China and globally in the future. HPR1000 is a third-generation nuclear power technology with completely independent intellectual property rights in China, meeting the highest international safety standards and being one of the most widely accepted third-generation nuclear power technologies in the current global nuclear power market. Research indicates that more advanced third-generation nuclear power technologies possess greater GHG emission reduction capabilities. The advancements in safety and sophistication of HPR1000 make it possible to improve the net GHG emission reduction capabilities of nuclear power.

[0003] However, no research has yet been reported on the full life-cycle GHG emissions and net emission reduction capabilities of the HPR1000 during its construction, operation, and decommissioning. In fact, research on nuclear power GHG emissions yields significantly different results due to variations in the nuclear power technologies used, data sources, carbon accounting methods, and accounting boundaries. Therefore, simply applying the life-cycle carbon emission results from a limited number of internationally available third-generation nuclear power technologies is not applicable to the HPR1000.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a method and system for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of HPR1000 nuclear power plants is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and system for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, which clarifies the carbon emission intensity and net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on emissions and power generation during the construction and operation phases.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant includes:

[0008] Determine the accounting system boundary for the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, which is divided into three phases: construction, operation, and decommissioning.

[0009] Establish carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant;

[0010] Based on the carbon emission accounting models for each stage, the carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period are calculated separately.

[0011] The total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle are calculated based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period.

[0012] The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant is assessed based on the total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle.

[0013] Preferably, a carbon emission accounting model is established for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, specifically including:

[0014] Obtain the production input information of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle;

[0015] Based on the aforementioned production input information, carbon emission items for each stage are identified;

[0016] The carbon emission sources for each carbon emission project are determined based on the aforementioned carbon emission projects;

[0017] Based on the aforementioned carbon emission sources, carbon emission accounting models are constructed for each stage.

[0018] Preferably, the carbon emission items during the construction period include: vegetation loss in the early stage of construction, road construction, consumption of building and installation materials, equipment manufacturing, fossil fuel and electricity consumption, and personnel activities during the construction period;

[0019] The carbon emission expression for vegetation loss during the early construction phase is:

[0020] CE vg =∑VA i ×CD i ;

[0021] Among them, VA i For the area of ​​vegetation type i, CD i Carbon density of type i vegetation;

[0022] The carbon emission expression for road construction is:

[0023] CE rd =CE rd1 +CE rd2 +CE rd3 +CE rd4 ;

[0024] Among them, CE rd1Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road subbase construction rd2 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road base construction rd3 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road surface layer construction rd4 Carbon emissions from minor road construction projects;

[0025] The carbon emission formula for material consumption and equipment manufacturing in building installation engineering is as follows:

[0026] CE bm =∑EF mj ×MQC mj ×10 -6 ;

[0027] Among them, EF mj For the carbon emission factor of building installation material j, MQC mj This refers to the consumption of building and installation materials during the construction period.

[0028] Carbon emission formula for fossil fuel and electricity consumption:

[0029] CE fe =(∑EF) fk ×FQC k +EF e ×EQC)×10 -6 ;

[0030] Among them, EF fk Carbon emission factor for fossil fuel k; FQC k The amount of fossil fuel k consumed; EF e The carbon emission factor of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located; EQC is the electricity consumption of the nuclear power plant's building and installation engineering.

[0031] Carbon emission expression for human activities during the construction period:

[0032] CE pc =EF p ×PQC×10 -6 ;

[0033] Among them, EF p Carbon emission factors for the production and daily life of people in the location of the nuclear power plant construction project; PQC is the number of person-years invested by the owner, construction unit and general contractor during the construction period.

[0034] Carbon emission expression for equipment manufacturing consumption:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, (E_lc) (1×42) E represents the carbon emission vector across the entire lifecycle of all sectors.(1×42) For carbon emission intensity vector, This is the diagonal matrix of the equipment manufacturing cost matrix; (IA) -1 It is the Leontief inverse matrix;

[0037] The carbon emission accounting model for the construction period is as follows:

[0038] CEC = CE vg +CE rd +CE bm +CE em +CE fe +CE pc ;

[0039] Among them, CE ca Carbon emissions from the consumption of chemical reagents, CE wt Carbon emissions from water consumption, CE po Carbon emissions and CE emissions from the living conditions of on-site personnel er Carbon emissions generated from equipment replacement.

[0040] Preferably, the carbon emission items during the operation period include: consumption of chemical reagents, water resources, nuclear fuel consumption, purchased electricity, equipment replacement, and carbon emissions from the production and daily life of on-site personnel;

[0041] The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of chemical reagents are expressed as follows:

[0042] CE ca =EF cl ×QCA l ;

[0043] Among them, EF cl The carbon emission factor of chemical reagent l, QCA l This represents the amount of chemical reagent L consumed.

[0044] The carbon emissions generated by water consumption are expressed as follows:

[0045] CEwt=EF wt ×QWT;

[0046] Among them, EF wt QWT represents the carbon emission factor of water resources, and QWT represents the amount of water resources consumed.

[0047] The carbon emissions from nuclear fuel consumption are expressed as follows:

[0048] CE nf =EF nf ×EGO×10 -6 ;

[0049] Among them, EF nfEGO is the carbon emission factor of nuclear fuel, and EGO is the amount of electricity generated by nuclear power.

[0050] The carbon emissions from purchased electricity are expressed as follows:

[0051] CE el =EF el ×EQO×10 -6 ;

[0052] Among them, EF el The carbon emission factor of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located is EQO, which is the electricity purchased by the nuclear power plant during its operation.

[0053] The carbon emission formula for the production and living conditions of on-site personnel during the operation period is as follows:

[0054] CE po =EF p ×PQO;

[0055] Among them, EF p The carbon emission factor is the production and living carbon factor of the people in the location of the nuclear power plant construction project; PQO is the number of person-years stationed at the nuclear power plant during the operation period.

[0056] The carbon emission expression for equipment replacement is:

[0057]

[0058] The carbon emission accounting model for the operation period is as follows:

[0059] CEO = CE ca +CE wt +CE nf +CE el +CE po +CE er .

[0060] Preferably, the carbon emission projects during the decommissioning period include: decontamination, dismantling, waste treatment and disposal, and final site cleanup; the carbon emission accounting model during the decommissioning period is as follows:

[0061] CED = CE dc +CE dm +CE wd +CE cl ;

[0062] CED represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, and CE represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. dc Carbon emissions from decontamination, CE dm Carbon emissions and CE emissions from dismantling wd Carbon emissions and CE emissions from waste treatment and disposal cl Carbon emissions resulting from the final cleanup of the factory site.

[0063] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle is: CE = CEC + CEO + CED; where CEC is the carbon emissions during the construction period, CEO is the carbon emissions during the operation period, and CED is the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period.

[0064] Preferably, the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant is assessed based on its total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle, specifically including:

[0065] Use the formula EGO=EH×TP×η×(1-7.4%)×60×10 3 Calculate the total on-grid power generation of the HPR1000 unit during its operation period; where EH is the annual utilization hours of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, TP is the core thermal power, and η is the thermal efficiency;

[0066] Using the formula EMG = EGO × EF c ×10 -9 Calculate the total CO2 emission reductions over a 60-year operating period;

[0067] EMG represents the total CO2 emission reduction from replacing coal-fired power generation with nuclear power over a 60-year operating period; EF c Carbon emission factors for coal-fired power plants;

[0068] The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant was calculated using the formula NEM = EMG – CE, where NEM = EMG – CE.

[0069] Preferably, calculating the carbon emissions from road construction based on the aforementioned expression further includes:

[0070] Using the formula CE rd1 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of the pavement subbase; where EF rb LR represents the carbon emission factor during the construction of the pavement subbase; WB represents the road length and the roadbed width.

[0071] Using the formula CE rd2 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of road base courses;

[0072] Using the formula CE rd3 =EF rs ×LR×WB×TH×10 -6 Calculate carbon emissions caused by pavement surface layer construction; EF rs TH represents the carbon emission factor of concrete pavement surface construction, where TH is the sum of the thickness of the subbase, subgrade, and pavement.

[0073] Using the formula CE rd4 =EF rp ×LR×10 -9 Calculate carbon emissions from minor road construction projects, EF rp Carbon emission factors for sporadic construction projects.

[0074] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0075] Based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the total electricity generated during the nuclear power plant operation period, calculate the unit carbon emission intensity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant:

[0076] Using the formula UCE = (CEC + CEO)10 9 Carbon intensity over the lifecycle of the / EGO computer group.

[0077] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a GHG emission accounting system for the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant, comprising:

[0078] The accounting system boundary delineation unit is used to determine the accounting system boundary of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle. The accounting system boundary is divided into three phases: construction phase, operation phase, and decommissioning phase.

[0079] The model building unit establishes carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant.

[0080] The accounting unit calculates carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period, respectively, based on the carbon emission accounting model for each stage.

[0081] The aggregation unit is used to calculate the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period.

[0082] An assessment unit is used to assess the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on the total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle.

[0083] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, this invention discloses a method and system for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant. By establishing a carbon emission calculation model for the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on the specific emission sources in the three accounting stages of construction, operation, and decommissioning, the difficulty and time of carbon emission calculation for the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant are reduced, and the uncertainty of the calculation results is reduced. Based on the actual construction and operation data of HPR1000, the carbon emissions and net emission reduction capabilities of the nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle are studied objectively and completely, providing data support for nuclear power technology design and a reference for environmental assessment. Attached Figure Description

[0084] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0085] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the HPR1000 nuclear power plant full life-cycle GHG emission accounting framework and method provided by this invention;

[0086] Figure 2 A detailed framework diagram of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant full life cycle GHG emission accounting method provided by the present invention;

[0087] Figure 3 A framework diagram of the system provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0088] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] This invention discloses a method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant, such as... Figures 1-2 As shown, it includes:

[0090] The accounting system boundary for the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant was determined, and the accounting system boundary was divided into three phases: construction, operation, and decommissioning.

[0091] Establish carbon emission accounting models for all stages of the entire life cycle of HPR1000 nuclear power plants; the carbon emission accounting models are constructed based on the LCCA-HPR1000 model;

[0092] Based on the carbon emission accounting models for each stage, the carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period are calculated separately.

[0093] The total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle are calculated based on carbon emissions during the construction, operation, and decommissioning periods.

[0094] The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant is assessed based on its total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle. The carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of the coal-fired power energy chain, considering raw coal production, transportation, and power generation, are compared with the total carbon emissions over the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 during its construction and operation phases. This difference represents the net emission reduction capacity per unit of electricity generated by the HPR1000 in replacing coal-fired power generation.

[0095] Preferably, a carbon emission accounting model is established for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, specifically including:

[0096] Obtain production input information for the entire lifecycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant;

[0097] Based on production input information, identify carbon emission items at each stage;

[0098] Identify the carbon emission sources for each carbon emission project based on the carbon emission projects;

[0099] Carbon emission accounting models are constructed for each stage based on carbon emission sources.

[0100] Preferred carbon emission items during the construction period include: pre-construction site vegetation loss, road construction, building and installation material consumption, equipment manufacturing, fossil fuel and electricity consumption, and personnel activities during the construction period;

[0101] The carbon emission expression for vegetation loss during the early construction phase is:

[0102] CE vg =∑VA i ×CD i ;

[0103] Among them, VA i Let CD be the area (ha) of vegetation type i. i Carbon density of vegetation type i (tCO) 2e / ha);

[0104] The carbon emission expression for road construction is:

[0105] CE rd =CE rd1 +CE rd2 +CE rd3 +CE rd4 ;

[0106] Among them, CE rd1 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road subbase construction rd2 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road base construction rd3 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road surface layer construction rd4 Carbon emissions from minor road construction projects;

[0107] The carbon emission formula for material consumption and equipment manufacturing in building installation engineering is as follows:

[0108] CE bm =∑EF mj ×MQC mj ×10 -6 ;

[0109] Among them, EF mj Carbon emission factor (kg CO) of main material j 2e / t), MQC mj The consumption (t) of major building and installation materials during the construction period;

[0110] Carbon emission formula for fossil fuel and electricity consumption:

[0111] CE fe =(∑EF fk ×FQC k +EF e ×EQC)×10 -6 ;

[0112] Among them, EF fk Carbon emission factor (kg CO) of fossil fuel k 2e / t); FQC k The amount of fossil fuel k consumed (t); EF e Carbon emission factor (kg CO) of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located 2e / kWh); EQC is the electrical energy consumption (kWh) of nuclear power plant construction and installation engineering;

[0113] Carbon emission expression for human activities during the construction period:

[0114] CE pc =EF p ×PQC×10 -6 ;

[0115] Among them, EFp Carbon emission factors for production and daily life of people in the area where the nuclear power plant construction project is located; PQC is the number of person-years (person-years) invested by the owner, construction unit and general contractor during the construction period;

[0116] Carbon emission expression for equipment manufacturing consumption:

[0117]

[0118] Among them, (E_lc) (1×42) E represents the carbon emission vector across the entire lifecycle of all sectors. (1×42) For carbon emission intensity vector, This is the diagonal matrix of the equipment manufacturing cost matrix; (IA) -1 It is the Leontief inverse matrix;

[0119] Based on the input-output model (IO-LCA) of the entire life cycle, using the formula A method for calculating carbon emissions from the manufacturing of equipment for the nuclear island, conventional island, and BOP (Balance of Plant) engineering in nuclear power plants is established, specifically including:

[0120] Using formula e i =(e_d) i ×(x i ) -1 Calculate carbon emission intensity (kg / 10,000 yuan);

[0121] Using formula E (1×42) =[e1 e2 … e i … e 42 Calculate the carbon emission intensity vector;

[0122] This is the diagonal matrix of the equipment manufacturing cost matrix;

[0123] Among them, (E_lc) (1×42) For the carbon emission vector of all sectors throughout their entire life cycle; e i Carbon emission intensity (kg / 10,000 yuan) for input and output sectors within the province; (e_d) i Direct carbon emissions (kg CO) of sector i 2e );x i E represents the department's total output value (in ten thousand yuan). (1×42) The carbon emission intensity vector for 42 input-output sectors; c i The equipment manufacturing cost (in ten thousand yuan) for department i.

[0124] Specifically, nuclear power plant equipment can be divided into five categories: general equipment, special equipment, electrical equipment, communication equipment, and instrumentation equipment.

[0125] The carbon emission accounting model during the construction period is as follows:

[0126] CEC = CE vg +CE rd +CE bm +CE em +CE fe +CE pc ;

[0127] Among them, CE ca Carbon emissions from the consumption of chemical reagents, CE wt Carbon emissions from water consumption, CE po Carbon emissions and CE emissions from the lives of on-site personnel er Carbon emissions from equipment replacement.

[0128] Preferred carbon emission items during the operation period include: consumption of chemical reagents, water consumption, nuclear fuel consumption, purchased electricity, equipment replacement, and carbon emissions from the production and living of on-site personnel;

[0129] The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of chemical reagents are expressed as follows:

[0130] CE ca =EF cl ×QCAl;

[0131] Among them, EF cl The carbon emission factor of chemical reagent l, QCA l This represents the amount of chemical reagent L consumed.

[0132] The carbon emissions generated by water consumption are expressed as follows:

[0133] CE wt =EF wt ×QWT;

[0134] Among them, EF wt QWT represents the carbon emission factor of water resources, and QWT represents the amount of water resources consumed.

[0135] The carbon emissions from nuclear fuel consumption are expressed as follows:

[0136] CE nf＝ EF nf ×EGO×10 -6 ;

[0137] Among them, EF nf The carbon emission factor of nuclear fuel (kg CO) 2e / MWh), EGO is the amount of electricity generated by nuclear power (MWh);

[0138] The carbon emissions from purchased electricity are expressed as follows:

[0139] CE el =EF el ×EQO×10 -6 ;

[0140] Among them, EF el Carbon emission factor (kg CO) of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located 2e / kWh), where EQO is the amount of electricity purchased by the nuclear power plant during its operation period (kWh);

[0141] The carbon emission formula for the production and living conditions of on-site personnel during the operation period is as follows:

[0142] CE po =EF p ×PQO;

[0143] Among them, EF p The carbon emission factor is the production and living carbon factor of the people in the location of the nuclear power plant construction project; PQO is the number of person-years stationed at the nuclear power plant during the operation period.

[0144] The carbon emission expression for equipment replacement is:

[0145]

[0146] The carbon emission accounting model during the operation period is as follows:

[0147] CEO = CE ca +CE wt +CE nf +CE el +CE po +CE er .

[0148] Preferably, decommissioning carbon emission projects include: decontamination, dismantling, waste treatment and disposal, and final site cleanup; the carbon emission accounting model for the decommissioning period is as follows:

[0149] CED = CE dc +CE dm +CE wd +CE cl ;

[0150] CED represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, and CE represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. dc Carbon emissions from decontamination, CE dm Carbon emissions and CE emissions from dismantling wd Carbon emissions and CE emissions from waste treatment and disposal cl Carbon emissions resulting from the final cleanup of the factory site.

[0151] Preferably, the formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle is: CE = CEC + CEO + CED; where CEC is the carbon emissions during the construction period, CEO is the carbon emissions during the operation period, and CED is the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period.

[0152] Preferably, the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant is assessed based on the total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle, specifically including:

[0153] Based on the main design parameters of the third-generation nuclear power unit HPR1000, the annual power generation after the two units have been operating stably is calculated, and then the carbon emissions per unit of power generation over the entire life cycle are calculated using the formula EGO=EH×TP×η×(1-7.4%)×60×10. 3 Calculate the total on-grid power generation of the HPR1000 unit during its operation period; where EH is the annual utilization hours of HPR1000, 7000-8000h; TP is the core thermal power, 3180MW; η is the thermal efficiency, 38%; and the plant power consumption rate is 7.4%.

[0154] Using the formula EMG = EGO × EF c ×10 -9 Calculate the total CO2 emission reductions over a 60-year operating period; EF c The carbon emission factor for coal-fired power generation is 898.77g CO. 2e / kWh;

[0155] EMG represents the total CO2 emission reduction from replacing coal-fired power generation with nuclear power over a 60-year operating period; EF c Carbon emission factors for coal-fired power plants;

[0156] The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant was calculated using the formula NEM = EMG – CE.

[0157] Preferably, calculating road construction carbon emissions based on the road construction carbon emission expression also includes:

[0158] Using the formula CE rd1 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of the pavement subbase; where EF rb Carbon emission factor (kg CO) of road subbase construction 2e / m 2 ); LR is the road length (m); WB is the roadbed width (m)

[0159] Using the formula CE rd2 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of road base courses;

[0160] Using the formula CE rd3 =EF rs ×LR×WB×TH×10 -6 Calculate carbon emissions caused by pavement surface layer construction; EF rs Carbon emission factor (kg CO) for concrete pavement surface construction 2e / m 3 ); TH represents the total thickness (m) of the subbase, roadbed, and pavement.

[0161] Using the formula CE rd4 =EF rp ×LR×10 -9 Calculate carbon emissions from minor road construction projects, EF rc Carbon emission factor (kg CO) for sporadic construction projects 2e / km).

[0162] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0163] Based on carbon emissions during the construction phase, carbon emissions during the operation phase, and total electricity generation during the nuclear power plant operation phase, calculate the unit carbon emission intensity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant:

[0164] Using the formula UCE = (CEC + CEO)10 9 Carbon intensity over the lifecycle of the EGO computing group (gCO) 2e / kWh).

[0165] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a GHG emission accounting system for the entire life cycle of HPR1000 nuclear power plants, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes:

[0166] The accounting system boundary delineation unit is used to determine the accounting system boundary of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle. The accounting system boundary is divided into three phases: construction phase, operation phase, and decommissioning phase.

[0167] The model building unit establishes carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant.

[0168] The accounting unit calculates carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period, respectively, based on the carbon emission accounting model for each stage.

[0169] The aggregation unit is used to calculate the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle based on carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period.

[0170] The assessment unit is used to assess the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on the total carbon emissions throughout the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant.

[0171] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0172] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant, characterized in that, include: Determine the accounting system boundary for the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, which is divided into three phases: construction, operation, and decommissioning. Establish carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant; Based on the carbon emission accounting models for each stage, the carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period are calculated separately. The total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle are calculated based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period. The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant is assessed based on the total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle.

2. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Establish carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, specifically including: Obtain the production input information of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle; Based on the aforementioned production input information, carbon emission items for each stage are identified; The carbon emission sources for each carbon emission project are determined based on the aforementioned carbon emission projects; Based on the aforementioned carbon emission sources, carbon emission accounting models are constructed for each stage.

3. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission items during the construction period include: pre-construction site vegetation loss, road construction, building and installation material consumption, equipment manufacturing, fossil fuel and electricity consumption, and personnel activities during the construction period; The carbon emission expression for vegetation loss during the early construction phase is: THIS vg <∑VA i ×CD i ; Among them, VA i For the area of ​​vegetation type i, CD i Carbon density of type i vegetation; The carbon emission expression for road construction is: WHAT rd =EC rd1 +CE rd2 +CE rd3 +CE rd4 ; Among them, CE rd1 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road subbase construction rd2 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road base construction rd3 Carbon emissions and CE emissions caused by road surface layer construction rd4 Carbon emissions from minor road construction projects; The carbon emission formula for material consumption and equipment manufacturing in building installation engineering is as follows: THIS bm =∑EF mj ×MQC mj ×10 -6 ; Among them, EF mj For the carbon emission factor of building installation material j, MQC mj This refers to the consumption of building and installation materials during the construction period. Carbon emission formula for fossil fuel and electricity consumption: WHAT fe =(∑EF fk ×FQC k +EF e ×EQC)×10 -6 ; Among them, EF fk Carbon emission factor for fossil fuel k; FQC k The amount of fossil fuel k consumed; EF e The carbon emission factor of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located; EQC is the electricity consumption of the nuclear power plant's building and installation engineering. Carbon emission expression for human activities during the construction period: WHAT pc =EF p ×PQC×10 -6 ; Among them, EF p Carbon emission factors for the production and daily life of people in the location of the nuclear power plant construction project; PQC is the number of person-years invested by the owner, construction unit and general contractor during the construction period. Carbon emission expression for equipment manufacturing consumption: Among them, (E_lc) (1×42) E represents the carbon emission vector across the entire lifecycle of all sectors. (1×42) For carbon emission intensity vector, This is the diagonal matrix of the equipment manufacturing cost matrix; (IA) -1 It is the Leontief inverse matrix; The carbon emission accounting model for the construction period is as follows: CEC=EC vg +CE rd +CE bm +CE em +CE fe +CE pc 。 4. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carbon emission items during the operation period include: consumption of chemical reagents, water resources, nuclear fuel, purchased electricity, equipment replacement, and carbon emissions from the production and daily life of on-site personnel. The carbon emissions generated by the consumption of chemical reagents are expressed as follows: WHAT ca =EF cl ×QCA l ; Among them, EF cl The carbon emission factor of chemical reagent l, QCA l This represents the amount of chemical reagent L consumed. The carbon emissions generated by water consumption are expressed as follows: WHAT wt =EF wt ×QWT; Among them, EF wt QWT represents the carbon emission factor of water resources, and QWT represents the amount of water resources consumed. The carbon emissions from nuclear fuel consumption are expressed as follows: WHAT nf =EF nf ×EGO×10 -6 ; Among them, EF nf EGO is the carbon emission factor of nuclear fuel, and EGO is the amount of electricity generated by nuclear power. The carbon emissions from purchased electricity are expressed as follows: WHAT el =EF el ×EQO×10 -6 ; Among them, EF el The carbon emission factor of the power grid where the nuclear power plant is located is EQO, which is the electricity purchased by the nuclear power plant during its operation. The carbon emission formula for the production and living conditions of on-site personnel during the operation period is as follows: WHAT po =EF p ×PQO; Among them, EF p Carbon emission factors for the production and daily life of people at the location of the nuclear power plant construction project; PQO is the number of person-years stationed at the nuclear power plant during the operation period. The carbon emission expression for equipment replacement is: The carbon emission accounting model for the operation period is as follows: CEO=CE ca +CE wt +CE nf +CE el +CE po +CE er ; Among them, CE ca Carbon emissions from the consumption of chemical reagents, CE wt Carbon emissions from water consumption, CE po Carbon emissions and CE emissions from the living conditions of on-site personnel er Used for carbon emissions generated during equipment replacement.

5. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon emission projects during the decommissioning period include: decontamination, dismantling, waste treatment and disposal, and final site cleanup; the carbon emission accounting model for the decommissioning period is as follows: CED=EC dc +CE dm +CE wd +CE cl ; CED represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of nuclear power plants, and CE represents the carbon emissions from the decommissioning of dc Carbon emissions from decontamination, CE dm Carbon emissions and CE emissions from dismantling wd Carbon emissions and CE emissions from waste treatment and disposal cl Carbon emissions resulting from the final cleanup of the factory site.

6. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle is: CE = CEC + CEO + CED; where CEC is the carbon emissions during the construction period, CEO is the carbon emissions during the operation period, and CED is the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period.

7. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 6, characterized in that, Assess the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on its total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle, specifically including: Use the formula EGO=EH×TP×η×(1-7.4%)×60×10 3 Calculate the total on-grid power generation of the HPR1000 unit during its operation period; where EH is the annual utilization hours of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant, TP is the core thermal power, and η is the thermal efficiency. Using the formula EMG = EGO × EF c ×10 -9 Calculate the total CO2 emission reductions over a 60-year operating period; EMG represents the total CO2 emission reduction from replacing coal-fired power generation with nuclear power over a 60-year operating period; EF c Carbon emission factors for coal-fired power plants; The net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant was calculated using the formula NEM = EMG – CE, where NEM = EMG – CE.

8. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that, Calculating carbon emissions from road construction based on the aforementioned expression also includes: Using the formula CE rd1 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of the pavement subbase; where EF rb The carbon emission factor for the construction of the pavement subbase is LR, where LR is the road length and WB is the roadbed width. Using the formula CE rd2 =EF rb ×LR×WB×10 -6 Calculate the carbon emissions caused by the construction of road base courses; Using the formula CE rd3 =EF rs ×LR×WB×TH×10 -6 Calculate carbon emissions caused by pavement surface layer construction; EF rs TH represents the carbon emission factor of concrete pavement surface construction, where TH is the sum of the thickness of the subbase, subgrade, and pavement. Using the formula CE rd4 =EF rp ×LR×10 -9 Calculate carbon emissions from minor road construction projects, EF rp Carbon emission factors for sporadic construction projects.

9. The method for calculating GHG emissions throughout the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the total electricity generated during the nuclear power plant operation period, calculate the unit carbon emission intensity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant: Using the formula UCE = (CEC + CEO)10 9 Carbon intensity over the lifecycle of the / EGO computer group.

10. A GHG emission accounting system for the entire life cycle of an HPR1000 nuclear power plant, characterized in that, include: The accounting system boundary delineation unit is used to determine the accounting system boundary of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle. The accounting system boundary is divided into three phases: construction phase, operation phase, and decommissioning phase. The model building unit establishes carbon emission accounting models for each stage of the entire life cycle of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant. The accounting unit calculates carbon emissions during the construction period, operation period, and decommissioning period, respectively, based on the carbon emission accounting model for each stage. The aggregation unit is used to calculate the total carbon emissions of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant throughout its entire life cycle based on the carbon emissions during the construction period, the carbon emissions during the operation period, and the carbon emissions during the decommissioning period. An assessment unit is used to assess the net emission reduction capacity of the HPR1000 nuclear power plant based on the total carbon emissions throughout its entire life cycle.

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