Intelligent lead-acid battery pack

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of intelligent lead-acid battery group, and the application relates to the technical field of lead-acid battery;Including: shell, temperature sensing component, heat exchange pipeline, temperature regulating mechanism, opening degree adjusting component, temperature sensor, the present application can realize the accurate temperature control of lead-acid battery partition, both can be according to battery upper, middle, lower each area temperature self-adapting regulation cold air opening degree, avoid local overheating, can also be in low temperature environment as needed distribution hot air, solve the problem of uneven local heating, effectively improve battery performance, prolong service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lead-acid battery technology, and more particularly to an intelligent lead-acid battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-acid batteries are widely used in stationary power supply scenarios such as stationary energy storage and backup power. These batteries are installed statically and without vibration, resulting in an uneven temperature distribution under heat dissipation and heating conditions. When a stationary lead-acid battery is normally discharged, the electrochemical reaction is more concentrated in the lower part due to the stratification of the electrolyte by gravity, and the temperature distribution is typically highest in the lower part, followed by the middle part, and lowest in the upper part.

[0003] Under heat dissipation conditions, changes in load and electrical state during actual operation can disrupt the above distribution: during sudden high-current discharge, the current density in the middle of the plate increases and the heat generation increases dramatically, which can cause the temperature in the middle to be higher than that in the lower and upper parts; when the upper terminal has poor contact, the top heats up in a concentrated manner, which can lead to an abnormal condition where the temperature in the upper part is higher than that in the middle and lower parts; traditional overall cooling methods cannot achieve precise heat dissipation in zones, which can easily cause local overheating and uneven temperature, accelerating battery aging.

[0004] Under heating conditions, the battery itself does not generate enough heat in low-temperature environments, resulting in a significant decrease in performance. Due to the uneven heat distribution of lead-acid batteries, traditional uniform heating cannot achieve precise temperature control in different zones, which can easily lead to problems such as insufficient or excessive heating in certain areas, affecting the performance and lifespan of lead-acid batteries.

[0005] To address these issues, we designed an intelligent lead-acid battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above issues and overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent lead-acid battery pack. By dividing the lead-acid battery into three regions—upper, middle, and lower—the temperature of each region can be independently adjusted. During operation, the cooling or heating airflow supplied to each region is redistributed based on their respective actual temperatures. The airflow supply ratio is flexibly adjusted according to the temperature conditions of different regions, thereby achieving rapid local temperature regulation of the lead-acid battery and ensuring that the temperature of each region remains within a suitable range, thus guaranteeing the performance and lifespan of the lead-acid battery.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A smart lead-acid battery pack includes a casing, a temperature sensing component, a heat exchange pipe, a temperature regulating mechanism, an opening degree regulating component, and a temperature sensor. Two sets of lead-acid batteries are installed in the inner cavity of the outer casing; multiple heat exchange pipes are arranged on the front and rear sides of the lead-acid batteries, dividing the front and rear sides of the lead-acid batteries into upper, middle and lower parts; multiple temperature sensing components are respectively installed on the upper, middle and lower sides of the lead-acid batteries; the temperature adjustment mechanism is connected to each heat exchange pipe, and adjusting the temperature adjustment mechanism can generate hot air or cold air. Multiple temperature sensing components are used to sense the temperature of the upper, middle, and lower parts, thereby performing mechanical actions. The temperature sensing components drive the opening adjustment components to move, thereby adjusting the flow rate of temperature-controlled gas output by the temperature regulation mechanism to each heat exchange pipe. The temperature sensor starts working after the lead-acid battery has been discharging for a certain period of time to monitor the temperature value of the lead-acid battery.

[0008] In one embodiment, the upper surface of the housing is sealed and covered by a top cover; the top cover is equipped with two terminals, which are electrically connected to the lead-acid battery, and the side wall of the housing has multiple air vents.

[0009] In one embodiment, several baffles are evenly arranged in the internal cavity of the heat exchange pipe; the heat exchange pipe adopts a through-type structure with air inlet at one end and air outlet at the other end.

[0010] In one embodiment, the temperature sensor is installed inside the heat exchange pipe corresponding to the lower part of the lead-acid battery; the temperature sensor presets three sets of temperature control thresholds, namely a first temperature threshold, a second temperature threshold, and a third temperature threshold, and the three sets of thresholds work together with the microcontroller to achieve hierarchical control; wherein, the first temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism to generate hot air; the second temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism to generate cold air; and the third temperature threshold is used to turn off the temperature regulating mechanism.

[0011] In one embodiment, the temperature sensing component comprises a housing, an upper piston, a lower piston, a shape memory metal spring, and a connecting rod; both ends of the housing are fixedly connected to heat exchange pipes on both sides; the upper piston and the lower piston are both disposed in the internal cavity of the housing, maintaining a preset distance between them, and the cavity formed by this distance is filled with heat transfer oil; the upper piston is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod passes through the housing and extends into the interior of the temperature regulating mechanism, and the end of the connecting rod is equipped with an opening adjustment component; a spring is arranged around the outside of the connecting rod located inside the housing, and the two ends of the spring abut against the upper piston and the inner wall of the housing, respectively; the lower end face of the lower piston is rotatably connected to a limiting mechanism through a circular shaft, and the limiting mechanism is fixedly connected to one end of the shape memory metal spring.

[0012] In one embodiment, the housing is made of aluminum; air vents are provided at the upper and lower ends of the housing; a first groove and a second groove are also provided at one end of the housing, wherein the second groove is an inverted L-shaped structure.

[0013] In one embodiment, the limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate, a rotating ring, and a transmission plate; the limiting plate is rotatably connected to a circular shaft, and a second slider on the side wall of the limiting plate meshes with a second sliding groove; a rectangular shaft is connected to the limiting plate, and the rotating ring is nested on the rectangular shaft; an inclined transmission groove is formed on the wall of the rotating ring, and a torsion spring is provided between the rotating ring and the transmission plate; a first slider on the side wall of the transmission plate meshes with a first sliding groove, and a connecting column on the transmission plate meshes in the transmission groove; both ends of the memory metal spring are fixedly connected to the end faces of the transmission plate and the housing, respectively; the stress of the memory metal spring is greater than the sum of the stresses of the spring and the torsion spring.

[0014] In one embodiment, the temperature regulating mechanism includes a duct, a fan, and a semiconductor temperature control chip; the duct is fixedly installed on one side of the housing, and the fan and the semiconductor temperature control chip are assembled inside the duct; one end of the housing has multiple first openings and multiple second openings, and a single first opening and a single second opening form a group, which are respectively connected to the corresponding heat exchange pipes through connecting pipes; a protrusion is provided on one side of the middle of the first opening, and an excess discharge port is also provided on the duct, and a baffle is provided at the front end of the excess discharge port along the airflow direction.

[0015] In one embodiment, a plurality of opening adjustment components are respectively disposed on one side of the corresponding first opening; the opening adjustment component includes a first sealing plate, a second sealing plate and a spring rod; the second sealing plate is fixedly connected to a connecting rod, the first sealing plate and the second sealing plate are slidably engaged, and a spring rod is connected between the two; the first sealing plate has a first connecting port, and the second sealing plate has a second connecting port; the first connecting port and the second connecting port are staggered.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention achieves precise cooling of lead-acid batteries in different zones to avoid local overheating. In response to the problem of uneven temperature distribution and local overheating of static lead-acid batteries, the opening degree of the cold air can be adaptively adjusted according to the temperature of the upper, middle and lower areas of the battery through heat exchange pipes, temperature sensing components and opening degree adjustment components, so as to realize the distribution of air volume as needed and precise heat dissipation, effectively improve the uneven temperature phenomenon, inhibit battery aging and extend service life.

[0017] (2) This invention realizes zoned adaptive heating in low-temperature environments, improving battery performance and lifespan; by utilizing the characteristic of shape memory metal springs that deform with temperature, the opening of hot air in each area is adjusted differently to supply heat as needed, solving the problem of insufficient or excessive local heating in traditional overall heating, ensuring battery performance under low-temperature conditions, and improving stability and lifespan. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger tube structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature sensing component structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shell structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature regulation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the duct 41 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the opening adjustment component structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the movement of the lower piston and the upper piston in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the movement of the limiting component of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the opening adjustment component of the present invention blocking the first opening and the second opening; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the movement of opening the second opening according to the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the piston movement below in this invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the opening adjustment component of the present invention blocking the first opening.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 11. Top cover; 12. Polar post; 13. Air outlet; 2. Temperature sensing component; 21. Housing; 22. Upper piston; 23. Lower piston; 24. Limiting plate; 25. Memory metal spring; 26. Rotating ring; 27. Transmission plate; 20. Connecting rod; 211. First slide groove; 212. Second slide groove; 221. Spring; 231. Circular shaft; 241. Second slider; 242. Rectangular shaft; 261. Transmission groove; 271. First slider; 272. 1. Linkage column; 3. Heat exchange pipe; 31. Baffle; 4. Temperature regulation mechanism; 41. Air duct; 42. Fan; 43. Semiconductor temperature control chip; 44. First opening; 45. Second opening; 46. Connecting pipe; 411. Baffle; 412. Excess discharge port; 441. Protrusion; 5. Opening adjustment assembly; 51. First sealing plate; 52. Second sealing plate; 53. Spring rod; 511. First connecting port; 521. Second connecting port; 6. Temperature sensor; 100. Lead-acid battery. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 The present invention discloses an intelligent lead-acid battery pack, comprising: a shell 1, a temperature sensing component 2, a heat exchange pipe 3, a temperature regulating mechanism 4, an opening degree regulating component 5, and a temperature sensor 6. Please see Figure 1-3 Two sets of lead-acid batteries 100 are installed in the inner cavity of the outer casing 1. The upper end of the outer casing 1 is sealed and covered by the upper cover 11 to protect the two sets of lead-acid batteries 100. Two terminals 12 are mounted on the upper cover 11, and the two terminals are electrically connected to the lead-acid batteries 100. Multiple air outlets 13 are opened on the side wall of the outer casing 1. Multiple heat exchange pipes 3 are arranged on the front and rear heat dissipation surfaces of the lead-acid battery 100, dividing the front and rear surfaces of the lead-acid battery 100 into three areas: upper, middle and lower. The heat exchange pipes 3 are used to exchange heat with the lead-acid battery 100 to achieve temperature control of the battery. The reason for choosing to regulate the temperature of the front and rear surfaces of the lead-acid battery 100 is as follows: the core heat-generating component inside the lead-acid battery 100 is the electrode plate assembly, which is arranged parallel to the front and rear surfaces of the battery. The heat generated by the battery during operation is mainly conducted outward through the front and rear casings. Therefore, the front and rear surfaces are the main heat dissipation surfaces of the lead-acid battery 100. The left and right sides of the lead-acid battery 100 have smaller surface areas and good internal thermal conductivity, allowing the side temperatures to quickly equalize with the front and rear main heat dissipation surfaces. Based on this, regulating the temperature of only the front and rear surfaces of the lead-acid battery 100 is sufficient to meet the overall temperature control requirements of the battery. Furthermore, multiple temperature sensing components 2 are installed at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the sides of the lead-acid battery 100 to independently sense the temperature of the upper, middle, and lower parts of the battery. During temperature detection, the detection results of the temperature sensing components 2 are not affected by the temperature conduction through the heat exchange pipes 3. Please see Figure 2-3The heat exchange pipe 3 has several baffles 31 evenly arranged in its internal cavity. The baffles 31 guide and block the airflow in an orderly manner, which can effectively prolong the flow path of the airflow inside the heat exchange pipe 3, thereby increasing the contact time and heat exchange area between the airflow and the pipe wall of the heat exchange pipe 3, fully improving the heat exchange efficiency between the airflow and the lead-acid battery 100, and significantly enhancing the overall heat exchange effect. The heat exchange pipe 3 adopts a through-type structure with one end for air inlet and one end for air outlet. The air inlet end is used to receive the temperature-controlled airflow, and the air outlet end corresponds one-to-one with the air outlet 13 preset on the side wall of the outer shell 1, so that the airflow after heat exchange can be smoothly discharged to the outside. At the same time, the air inlets of multiple heat exchange pipes 3 are connected to the temperature adjustment mechanism 4 through the connecting pipe 46, so that the temperature-controlled airflow can be delivered to each heat exchange pipe 3 to achieve temperature control of the lead-acid battery 100. Please see Figure 3 Temperature sensor 6 is installed inside the heat exchange pipe 3 at the lower part of lead-acid battery 100. The placement of temperature sensor 6 in the lower area for temperature detection is mainly based on the working characteristics of lead-acid battery 100: Under the conditions of discharge operation and low temperature environment, due to the concentration distribution difference caused by the gravity of the electrolyte, the electrochemical reaction in the lower area of ​​lead-acid battery 100 is more intense and concentrated, the heat generation density is higher, and the temperature is relatively higher. It is the core area where the battery is most prone to overheating. Therefore, the temperature at this location can truly reflect the extreme thermal state of lead-acid battery 100 as a whole. The temperature sensor 6 presets three sets of temperature control thresholds, namely a first temperature threshold, a second temperature threshold, and a third temperature threshold. The three sets of thresholds work together with the microcontroller to achieve graded temperature control. The first temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism 4 to generate hot air; the second temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism 4 to generate cold air; and the third temperature threshold is used to turn off the temperature regulating mechanism 4 and stop the temperature control operation. For example, the first temperature threshold is set to 15 degrees Celsius, the second temperature threshold is set to 30 degrees Celsius, and the third temperature threshold is set to 25 degrees Celsius. Please see Figure 4The temperature sensing component 2 consists of a housing 21, an upper piston 22, a lower piston 23, a memory metal spring 25, and a connecting rod 20. Both ends of the housing 21 are fixedly connected to the heat exchange pipes 3 on both sides. The upper piston 22 and lower piston 23 are both located within the internal cavity of the housing 21, maintaining a preset distance between them. The cavity formed by this distance is filled with heat-conducting oil. The upper piston 22 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 20, and the other end of the connecting rod 20 passes through the housing 21 and extends into the interior of the temperature regulating mechanism 4, with an opening adjustment component 5 mounted at this end. A spring 221 is arranged around the outside of the rod inside the housing 21. The two ends of the spring 221 abut against the upper piston 22 and the inner wall of the housing 21, respectively. Its function is to provide a reset driving force after the upper piston 22 completes the displacement action, pushing the upper piston 22 back to the initial position. The lower end face of the lower piston 23 is rotatably connected to the limiting mechanism through the circular shaft 231. The limiting mechanism is fixedly connected to one end of the memory metal spring 25. Through the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the memory metal spring 25, the limiting mechanism is used to achieve adaptive adjustment of the position of the lower piston 23. When the local temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 reaches the first temperature threshold, the memory metal spring 25 deforms and is in a fully extended state. Specifically, when the local temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 is below 15 degrees Celsius, the memory metal spring 25 gradually contracts as the temperature decreases, exhibiting a semi-extended state. When the local temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 is in the range of 1 degree Celsius to 15 degrees Celsius, the length of the memory metal spring 25 is adaptively and linearly adjusted with the real-time change of temperature, realizing linkage with temperature changes. The heat-conducting oil is a liquid medium with a high coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent thermal conductivity. Its volume expands as the temperature rises and contracts as the temperature falls, and the expansion amount increases continuously with increasing temperature. When the local temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 reaches or exceeds the second temperature threshold, the heat-conducting oil undergoes significant volume expansion due to heating, pushing the upper piston 22 to move axially, thereby completing the temperature sensing and mechanical driving action; when the local temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 drops, the volume of the heat-conducting oil contracts accordingly, and the upper piston 22 returns to its initial position under the action of the spring 221. Please see Figure 5 The housing 21 is made of aluminum material, which has excellent thermal conductivity and can quickly conduct the heat of the lead-acid battery 100 to the internal heat-conducting oil and memory metal spring 25. The upper and lower ends of the housing 21 are respectively provided with air outlets to ensure the smooth movement of the upper piston 22 and the lower piston 23. One end of the housing 21 is also provided with a first sliding groove 211 and a second sliding groove 212, wherein the second sliding groove 212 is an inverted L-shaped structure. Please see Figure 6The function of the limiting mechanism is to limit the lower piston 23 when it rises to its maximum moving distance, preventing the heat transfer oil from expanding and pushing the lower piston 23 downward, thus avoiding affecting the effective rising height of the upper piston 22. The limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate 24, a rotating ring 26, and a transmission plate 27. The limiting plate 24 is rotatably connected to the circular shaft 231, and the second slider 241 on the side wall of the limiting plate 24 meshes with the second slide groove 212. In the initial state, the second slider 241 is located in the vertical section of the second slide groove 212. A rectangular shaft 242 is connected to the limiting plate 24, and the rotating ring 26 is nested on the rectangular shaft 242. The wall of ring 26 has an inclined transmission groove 261. A torsion spring (not shown in the figure) is provided between the rotating ring 26 and the transmission plate 27. The first slider 271 on the side wall of the transmission plate 27 meshes with the first slide groove 211. The transmission plate 27 is provided with a connecting post 272, which extends into and meshes with the transmission groove 261. In the initial state, the connecting post 272 is located at the downward inclined end of the transmission groove 261. The two ends of the memory metal spring 25 are fixedly connected to the end faces of the transmission plate 27 and the housing 21, respectively. The stress of the memory metal spring 25 is greater than the sum of the stresses of the spring 221 and the torsion spring. Please see Figure 10 When the temperature reaches the first temperature threshold, the memory metal spring 25 fully extends, thereby pushing the upper piston 22, lower piston 23, connecting rod 20, limiting mechanism, and heat transfer oil to move as a whole. When the second slider 241 of the limiting plate 24 moves to the end of the vertical section of the second slide groove 212, under the reset action of the torsion spring, it drives the rotating ring 26 to rotate together with the limiting plate 24, so that the second slider 241 enters the horizontal section of the second slide groove 212. At this time, the lower piston 23 reaches its maximum stroke, completing the limiting of the lower piston 23; at the same time, the linkage column 272 moves to the inclined upward end of the transmission groove 261. Please see Figure 11 When the temperature is lower than the first temperature threshold, the memory metal spring 25 contracts and resets, pulling the upper piston 22, lower piston 23, connecting rod 20, limiting mechanism and heat transfer oil back to their original positions. Before this process, the linkage column 272 and the transmission groove 261 cooperate to drive the rotating ring 26 and the limiting plate 24 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the second slider 241 returns to the vertical section of the second slide groove 212, releasing the limiting constraint on the lower piston 23, and at the same time storing torque in the torsion spring. Please see Figure 7-8The temperature regulating mechanism 4 includes a duct 41, a fan 42, and a semiconductor temperature control chip 43. The duct 41 is fixedly installed on one side of the outer casing 1, and the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 are assembled inside the duct 41. One end of the outer casing 1 is provided with a plurality of first openings 44 and a plurality of second openings 45. A single first opening 44 and a single second opening 45 form a group, which are respectively connected to the corresponding heat exchange pipes 3 through a connecting pipe 46. The second opening 45 is arranged on one side of the first opening 44. A protrusion 441 is provided on one side of the middle of the first opening 44. An excess discharge port 412 is also provided on the duct 41, and a baffle 411 is provided at the front end of the excess discharge port 412 along the airflow direction. The semiconductor temperature control chip 43 is a semiconductor refrigeration chip that uses the Peltier effect to regulate temperature. By changing the direction of the current, it can switch between cooling and heating modes. When the current flows in the forward direction, one side of the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 absorbs heat and cools down, and the airflow passing through this side forms cold air to dissipate heat from the lead-acid battery. When the current flows in the reverse direction, the heat exchange surface of the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 switches to heat release and heat rise, and the airflow passing through this side forms warm air to heat the lead-acid battery 100. The switching method of the current flow direction is as follows: the microcontroller controls the direction of the current flowing into the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 through a circuit commutator. After the lead-acid battery 100 has been discharging for a period of time, its internal temperature gradually stabilizes. At this time, the temperature sensor 6 enters the working state. The temperature sensor 6 monitors the temperature of the lead-acid battery 100. When the detected battery temperature is greater than or equal to 30 degrees Celsius, the system starts the heat dissipation mode. The microcontroller controls the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 to turn on, and through the circuit commutator, the hot end of the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 is placed inside the air duct 41. The semiconductor temperature control chip 43 cools the airflow, thereby achieving heat dissipation and cooling of the lead-acid battery 100. When the temperature drops to 25 degrees Celsius, the temperature sensor 6 turns off the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 through the microcontroller, stopping the heat dissipation operation. When the detected battery temperature is less than or equal to 15 degrees Celsius, the system starts the heating mode. Temperature sensor 6 controls the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 to start via the microcontroller, and through the circuit commutator, the hot end of the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 is placed inside the air duct 41. The semiconductor temperature control chip 43 heats the airflow and raises the temperature of the lead-acid battery 100. When the temperature rises back to 25 degrees Celsius, temperature sensor 6 shuts down the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 via the microcontroller, completing the heating control. The design air volume of the fan 42 is greater than the air volume required for the overall heat dissipation and heating of the lead-acid battery 100. Under normal conditions, excess cold or hot air is discharged outward through the excess discharge port 412. When the opening of the first opening 44 or the second opening 45 changes due to temperature changes in the upper, middle and lower areas, the air volume discharged from the excess discharge port 412 is reduced accordingly. The saved air volume is compensated to the first opening 44 or the second opening 45 with an expanded opening, thereby improving the temperature regulation capability of that area. At the same time, it ensures that the air volume of the other first openings 44 or the second opening 45 remains stable, avoiding the reduction of the air volume of the other first openings 44 or the second opening 45 due to the increased opening and air volume of a certain first opening 44 or the second opening 45, which would affect the temperature regulation effect of other areas of the lead-acid battery 100. Please see Figure 9 Multiple opening adjustment components 5 are respectively disposed on one side of the corresponding first opening 44; each opening adjustment component 5 includes a first sealing plate 51, a second sealing plate 52 and a spring rod 53; the second sealing plate 52 is fixedly connected to the connecting rod 20, the first sealing plate 51 and the second sealing plate 52 are slidably engaged, and the spring rod 53 is connected between the two; the first sealing plate 51 has a first connecting port 511, and the second sealing plate 52 has a second connecting port 521; in the initial state, the first connecting port 511 and the second connecting port 521 are interleaved and not connected to each other.

[0022] Working principle of this invention: Please see Figure 12 When the lead-acid battery 100 is discharging, if its temperature is higher than the first temperature threshold, the memory metal spring 25 pushes the upper piston 22, lower piston 23, connecting rod 20, limiting mechanism and heat transfer oil to move as a whole; when the lower piston 23 reaches the maximum stroke, the limiting plate 24 limits it, the connecting rod 20 pushes the opening adjustment component 5 to move, and the protrusion 441 forms a blocking position.

[0023] After the lead-acid battery 100 has been discharging for a period of time, the temperature sensor 6 enters the working state. When the battery temperature is detected to be greater than or equal to 30 degrees, the system starts the heat dissipation mode. The microcontroller controls the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 to turn on. The semiconductor temperature control chip 43 cools the airflow. The cold air is sent into multiple heat exchange pipes 3 through multiple connecting pipes 46 to achieve graded heat dissipation of the lead-acid battery 100.

[0024] like Figure 13As shown, when the lead-acid battery 100 experiences a sudden high-current discharge, the current density in the middle of the plates increases and the heat generation increases sharply. The temperature in the middle region of the lead-acid battery 100 rises rapidly in a short time, causing significant volume expansion of the internal heat-conducting oil. This pushes the upper piston 22 and connecting rod 20 to move further. The connecting rod 20 drives the second sealing plate 52 to move, connecting the first connecting port 511, the second connecting port 521, and the second opening 45, thereby increasing the supply of cold air to the middle region of the lead-acid battery 100 and improving the local heat dissipation effect. The opening size between the first connecting port 511, the second connecting port 521, and the second opening 45 is determined by the expansion of the heat-conducting oil, i.e., by the temperature of the middle region of the lead-acid battery 100. The higher the temperature, the larger the opening size between the corresponding openings.

[0025] like Figure 14-15 As shown, due to the low ambient temperature, the overall temperature of the lead-acid battery 100 cannot reach the first temperature threshold during discharge. At this time, the shape memory metal spring 25 is in a semi-extended state; the connecting rod 20 partially blocks the first opening 44 through the first sealing plate 51, but does not reach the middle of the first opening 44. The lower the temperature, the smaller the extension length of the shape memory metal spring 25, that is, the smaller the blocking area of ​​the first opening 44 by the first sealing plate 51, and the larger the opening of the first opening 44, so as to supply the corresponding air volume according to the temperature requirements of different areas of the lead-acid battery 100.

[0026] After the lead-acid battery 100 has been discharging for a period of time, the temperature sensor 6 monitors the battery temperature in real time. When the battery temperature is detected to be less than or equal to 15 degrees Celsius, the system starts the heating mode. The temperature sensor 6 controls the fan 42 and the semiconductor temperature control chip 43 to start through the microcontroller. The semiconductor temperature control chip 43 heats the airflow. The hot air is sent into multiple heat exchange pipes 3 through multiple connecting pipes 46 to achieve graded heating of the lead-acid battery 100.

Claims

1. A smart lead-acid battery pack, comprising: The outer shell (1), temperature sensing component (2), heat exchange pipe (3), temperature regulating mechanism (4), opening adjustment component (5), and temperature sensor (6) are characterized in that: two sets of lead-acid batteries (100) are installed in the inner cavity of the outer shell (1); multiple heat exchange pipes (3) are arranged on the front and rear sides of the two sets of lead-acid batteries (100), dividing the front and rear sides of the two sets of lead-acid batteries (100) into upper, middle and lower parts; multiple temperature sensing components (2) are respectively installed on the upper, middle and lower sides of the two sets of lead-acid batteries (100); the temperature regulating mechanism (4) is connected to each heat exchange pipe (3); the temperature regulating mechanism (4) can generate hot air or cold air. Multiple temperature sensing components (2) are used to sense the temperature of the upper, middle and lower parts, thereby performing mechanical actions. The temperature sensing components (2) drive the opening adjustment component (5) to move, so as to adjust the temperature control mechanism (4) to the temperature control gas flow rate output to each heat exchange pipe (3). The temperature sensor (6) starts working after the lead-acid battery (100) has been discharging for a certain period of time, in order to monitor the temperature value of the lead-acid battery (100).

2. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the outer casing (1) is sealed and covered by the upper cover (11); two pole posts (12) are mounted on the upper cover (11), and the two pole posts (12) are electrically connected to the lead-acid battery (100). Multiple air outlets (13) are opened on the side wall of the outer casing (1).

3. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange pipe (3) has several baffles (31) evenly arranged in its internal cavity; the heat exchange pipe (3) adopts a through structure with air inlet at one end and air outlet at the other end.

4. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor (6) is installed inside the heat exchange pipe (3) corresponding to the lower part of the lead-acid battery (100); the temperature sensor (6) presets three sets of temperature control thresholds, namely the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold and the third temperature threshold, and the three sets of thresholds work together with the microcontroller to achieve hierarchical control; wherein, the first temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism (4) to generate hot air; the second temperature threshold is used to control the temperature regulating mechanism (4) to generate cold air; and the third temperature threshold is used to turn off the temperature regulating mechanism (4).

5. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensing component (2) consists of a housing (21), an upper piston (22), a lower piston (23), a memory metal spring (221) (25), and a connecting rod (20); both ends of the housing (21) are fixedly connected to the heat exchange pipes (3) on both sides; the upper piston (22) and the lower piston (23) are both located in the internal cavity of the housing (21), and a preset distance is maintained between them. The cavity formed by this distance is filled with heat-conducting oil; one end of the upper piston (22) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (20), and the connecting rod (20) The other end passes through the housing (21) and extends into the interior of the temperature regulating mechanism (4), and the end is equipped with an opening adjustment component (5); the connecting rod (20) is located inside the housing (21) and a spring (221) is arranged around the outside of the rod body. The two ends of the spring (221) abut against the upper piston (22) and the inner wall of the housing (21) respectively; the lower end face of the lower piston (23) is rotatably connected to the limiting mechanism through a circular shaft (231), and the limiting mechanism is fixedly connected to one end of the memory metal spring (221) (25).

6. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The housing (21) is made of aluminum material; air outlets are provided at the upper and lower ends of the housing (21); a first groove (211) and a second groove (212) are provided at one end of the housing (21), wherein the second groove (212) is an inverted L-shaped structure.

7. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limiting mechanism includes a limiting plate (24), a rotating ring (26), and a transmission plate (27); the limiting plate (24) is rotatably connected to a circular shaft (231), and the second slider (241) on the side wall of the limiting plate (24) meshes with the second slide groove (212); a rectangular shaft (242) is connected to the limiting plate (24), and the rotating ring (26) is nested on the rectangular shaft (242). The wall of the rotating ring (26) is provided with an inclined transmission groove (261), and the rotating ring (26) and the transmission plate (27) are connected to each other. 7) A torsion spring (221) is provided between them; the first slider (271) on the side wall of the transmission plate (27) meshes with the first slide groove (211), and the connecting column (272) on the transmission plate (27) meshes in the transmission groove (261); the two ends of the memory metal spring (221) (25) are fixedly connected to the end faces of the transmission plate (27) and the housing (21) respectively; the stress of the memory metal spring (221) (25) is greater than the sum of the stresses of the spring (221) and the torsion spring (221).

8. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature regulating mechanism (4) includes a duct (41), a fan (42), and a semiconductor temperature control chip (43); the duct (41) is fixedly installed on one side of the outer shell (1), and the fan (42) and the semiconductor temperature control chip (43) are installed inside the duct (41); one end of the outer shell (1) is provided with a plurality of first openings (44) and a plurality of second openings (45), and a single first opening (44) and a single second opening (45) form a group, which are respectively connected to the corresponding heat exchange pipe (3) through a connecting pipe (46); a protrusion (441) is provided on one side of the middle part of the first opening (44), and a surplus discharge port (412) is also provided on the duct (41), and a baffle (411) is provided at the front end of the surplus discharge port (412) along the airflow direction.

9. The intelligent lead-acid battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple opening adjustment components (5) are respectively disposed on one side of the corresponding first opening (44); the opening adjustment component (5) includes a first sealing plate (51), a second sealing plate (52) and a spring rod (53); the second sealing plate (52) is fixedly connected to the connecting rod (20), the first sealing plate (51) and the second sealing plate (52) are slidably engaged, and the two are connected by a spring rod (53); the first sealing plate (51) is provided with a first connecting port (511), and the second sealing plate (52) is provided with a second connecting port (521); the first connecting port (511) and the second connecting port (521) are interleaved.

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