A multi-mode battery thermal management device with high and low temperature adaptive switching

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-mode battery thermal management device capable of high and low temperature self-adaptive switching. A shielding plate is movably arranged at the top end of the upper cover shell. A lower shielding plate is movably arranged below the top plate. Side wind plates for closing side wind inlets are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side in the battery pack shell. A temperature detection structure is arranged in the battery pack shell. The temperature detection structure is arranged in the lower cover shell. A transmission rod is rotatably arranged in the lower cover shell through a bearing. The transmission rod is connected with the temperature detection structure. A jacking piece and two symmetrical rotary pieces are arranged on the transmission rod. The two rotary pieces are respectively connected with the two side wind plates. The jacking piece is connected with the shielding plate and the lower shielding plate. The three modes of low-temperature airtight heat preservation and preheating, normal-temperature micro-ventilation and high-temperature forced convection heat dissipation are automatically realized to realize self-adaptive switching without electric control. In the low-temperature mode, the whole cabin is sealed and heat is locked. In the high-temperature mode, the whole air duct is in convection heat dissipation. In the normal-temperature mode, micro-ventilation is maintained to keep constant temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management, and more particularly to a multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive switching between high and low temperatures. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, power batteries suffer from reduced charge / discharge performance, shortened cycle life, and decreased safety in low-temperature environments, while they are prone to thermal runaway risks in high-temperature environments. Therefore, battery thermal management devices have become a core component for ensuring the reliable operation of power batteries. Existing battery thermal management devices mostly employ single modes such as air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pumps, or phase change cooling, requiring the use of electronic control components such as temperature sensors, controllers, and actuators to achieve temperature regulation. Existing thermal management systems heavily rely on electronic control units and sensors. Under harsh conditions such as alternating high and low temperatures, high humidity, and strong electromagnetic interference, sensor failures, controller crashes, and valve jamming occur frequently, resulting in insufficient system stability and reliability, making it difficult to meet the long-term usage requirements of off-road vehicle batteries used in outdoor energy storage, construction machinery, and material handling equipment. Furthermore, most devices only have single heat dissipation or auxiliary heating functions and cannot adaptively switch between low-temperature preheating, ambient temperature constant temperature, and high-temperature heat dissipation based on the actual battery temperature. Therefore, a multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching was designed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention proposes a multi-mode battery thermal management device that adaptively switches between high and low temperatures, which solves the problem of being unable to achieve adaptive switching between low-temperature preheating, room temperature constant temperature, and high-temperature heat dissipation based on the actual battery temperature.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive switching between high and low temperatures includes a battery pack housing. Multiple linearly distributed side vents are provided at both ends of the battery pack housing. A base plate is installed below the battery pack housing, and a lower cover is fixed below the base plate. A top plate is installed on the top of the battery pack housing, and an upper cover is fixed above the top plate. Multiple linearly distributed exhaust vents are provided on the upper cover. Multiple linearly distributed air outlets and connecting ports are provided on the top plate. A connecting plate is installed above the connecting ports. Multiple phase change heat storage modules are also installed above the top plate. Each phase change heat storage module is a heat-conducting aluminum plate encapsulated plate structure, internally filled with a high latent heat phase change paraffin composite material, with microchannel heat-conducting ribs on the plate surface, and a phase change temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. A baffle plate is movably installed at the top of the upper cover, and a lower baffle plate is movably installed below the top plate. Side air vents for sealing the side air vents are installed on the left and right sides of the battery pack housing. A temperature detection structure is installed inside the battery pack housing, and the lower part of the temperature detection structure is placed inside the lower cover. A transmission rod is rotatably installed inside the lower cover via a bearing. The transmission rod is connected to the temperature detection structure. A lifting component and two symmetrically distributed rotating components are provided on the transmission rod. The two rotating components are respectively connected to the two side air vents. The lifting component is connected to the baffle plate and the lower baffle plate.

[0005] Preferably, multiple swing rods are rotatably mounted on both the front and rear sides of the baffle via pivot pins. The end of the swing rod away from the baffle is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover via pivot pins. A drive plate is rotatably mounted on the left end of the baffle via pivot pins. The end of the drive plate away from the baffle is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover via pivot pins. Both the baffle and the lower baffle swing up and down via pivot pins on the end away from the baffle as the axis and via the swing rods. The structure and installation method of the baffle and the lower baffle are the same. The upper surface of the baffle and the lower baffle is provided with a rectangular sealing gasket. When the baffle and the lower baffle move to block the air, they can abut against the top of the upper cover and the lower surface of the top plate, respectively. This can ensure that the airflow will not diffuse and leak through the gaps, which is beneficial for the heat preservation of the internal battery pack in low temperature environments.

[0006] Preferably, the baffle plate has multiple linearly distributed connecting holes running through it from top to bottom. The number and size of the connecting holes are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents. The number and size of the connecting holes on the lower baffle plate are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents. The exhaust vents and exhaust vents have the same structure. The plate between two adjacent connecting holes on the baffle plate forms a baffle portion. The size of the baffle portion is larger than the size of the exhaust vent. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is within or below the set temperature range, the baffle can block the exhaust vent and the lower baffle can block the air outlet, thereby forming a sealed structure inside the battery pack casing and thus keeping the inside of the battery pack casing warm. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is higher than the set temperature, the baffle and lower baffle are deflected downward by the swing rod under the action of the lifting component, thereby exposing the air vent and exhaust vent, which, together with the side air vent, form convection and quickly dissipate the internal heat.

[0007] Preferably, the temperature detection structure includes a rotating rod rotatably mounted below the base plate via a bearing. The upper end of the rotating rod passes through the base plate and is located inside the battery pack housing. A bimetallic temperature sensing element is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating rod. One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element is fixed to the rotating rod. A heat-conducting shell is sleeved on the outside of the bimetallic temperature sensing element. One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element is fixed inside the heat-conducting shell. The bimetallic temperature sensing element is a bimetallic spiral with equal pitch. The heat inside the battery pack housing is transferred to the bimetallic temperature sensing element through the heat-conducting shell. At high temperatures, the bimetallic temperature sensing element will expand, causing the rotating rod to rotate in the forward direction. At low temperatures, it will contract, causing the rotating rod to rotate in the reverse direction. The lower end of the rotating rod is fixed with a worm gear, and a worm wheel is installed on the transmission rod. The worm wheel is connected to the worm gear, and the transmission ratio between the worm wheel and the worm gear is 1 / N. This can amplify the tiny input torque of the bimetallic temperature sensing element by tens or hundreds of times, thereby easily driving the rotation of the transmission rod.

[0008] Preferably, the top plate has a straight opening extending downwards through the bottom plate. The lifting component includes a rotating wheel fixed on a transmission rod. The rotating wheel has a lifting protrusion occupying half of the rotating wheel. A lifting rod is slidably inserted into the straight opening. The lower end of the lifting rod is positioned below the bottom plate and contacts the lifting protrusion. A lower pressure ring is fixed to the lower end of the lifting rod. A lower pressure spring is sleeved below the lifting rod. The two ends of the lower pressure spring abut against the lower surface of the bottom plate and the upper surface of the lower pressure ring, respectively. A linear groove is provided inside the linear opening, and a linear slider is provided on the outer surface of the lifting rod. The linear slider slides up and down and is inserted into the linear groove.

[0009] Preferably, the drive plate has an inclined drive groove, the height of the drive groove near the drive plate is lower than the height of the drive groove away from the drive plate, and the lifting rod is provided with two drive rollers, which are slidably inserted into the drive grooves on the drive plates of the baffle plate and the lower baffle plate respectively. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack housing is not higher than the maximum set temperature, the bottom end of the lifting rod contacts the lifting protrusion, the baffle plate abuts against the top of the upper cover to block the exhaust vent, and the lower baffle plate abuts against the lower surface of the top plate to block the exhaust vent, thereby forming a sealed structure inside the battery pack housing, thus keeping the inside of the battery pack housing warm. When the internal temperature of the battery pack casing is higher than the maximum set temperature, the baffle and the lower baffle are deflected downwards by the shaft pin at the end away from the baffle, exposing the air vent and exhaust vent, thereby forming convection with the side air vent and quickly dissipating the internal heat. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is lower than the set minimum temperature, the baffle plate abuts against the top of the upper cover to block the exhaust vent, and the lower baffle plate abuts against the lower surface of the top plate to block the exhaust vent.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating component includes a rotating wheel fixed on a transmission rod, the upper part of the rotating wheel protruding to form a rotating protrusion, a circular hole formed through the bottom plate, a deflecting rod slidably inserted into the circular hole, the bottom end of the deflecting rod being below the bottom plate and fixed with a pressure ring, a pressure spring sleeved below the deflecting rod, the upper and lower ends of the pressure spring abutting against the pressure ring and the bottom plate respectively, the bottom end of the deflecting rod contacting the rotating wheel, a guide groove provided in the circular hole, a guide block provided on the outer surface of the deflecting rod, and the guide block slidably inserted into the guide groove. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack casing is not higher than the maximum set temperature, the bottom of the deflection rod is in contact with the surface of the rotating wheel and not with the rotating protrusion. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is higher than the maximum set temperature, the bottom of the deflection rod contacts the surface of the rotating wheel, but does not contact the rotating protrusion. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is lower than the set minimum temperature, the bottom of the deflection rod contacts the rotating protrusion but not the surface of the rotating wheel.

[0011] Preferably, deflection plates are rotatably mounted on both the upper and lower ends of the side air vent via pivot pins. A deflection sleeve is fixed below the end of the deflection plate away from the side air vent. The upper part of the deflection sleeve is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the battery pack housing via pivot pins. A rectangular sealing gasket is provided on the side surface of the side air vent facing the inner wall of the battery pack housing. The side air vent swings back and forth about the deflection sleeve as the axis and through the deflection plate. During the swinging process, it will move away from the inner wall of the battery pack housing and then stick to the inner wall again, thus blocking the side air vent. The side air vents are provided with multiple linearly distributed side air vents. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack housing is within or above the set temperature range, the side air vents on the side air vents coincide with the side air openings to allow for normal airflow. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing is below the set temperature, the side air vents block the side air openings to ensure that the internal temperature is not lost.

[0012] Preferably, the deflection sleeve has an insertion groove below it, and the inner wall of the insertion groove has two sets of spiral grooves arranged in an annular array. The deflection rod is provided with a deflection roller, the upper end of the deflection rod is inserted into the insertion groove, and the deflection roller is placed in the spiral groove. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing is lower than the set minimum temperature, the side air vents abut against the inner wall of the battery pack casing, and at the same time, the side air vents block the side air vents to ensure that the internal temperature does not leak out. When the temperature inside the battery pack casing exceeds the set minimum temperature, the side air vents on the side air panel coincide with the side air inlet, ensuring normal airflow.

[0013] Preferably, a sealed cavity is formed between the top plate and the upper cover through a partition, and the phase change heat storage module is located in the sealed cavity. The top plate has connecting openings on both the left and right sides, which are used to connect the sealed cavity with the inside of the battery pack housing so that the temperature of the heat storage module can be transferred to the inside of the battery pack housing. A connecting plate is mounted on the top plate through a hinge, with the hinge located on the side away from the side air vent. The connecting plate is located above the connecting opening to block it. The connecting plate is counterweighted so that it can seal the connecting opening under its own weight. A pushing block is fixed below the connecting plate. The pushing block passes through the connecting opening and is located inside the battery pack housing. The lower surface of the pushing block is designed with a slope, which is a pushing slope. A pushing rod is provided on the side air vent. When the side air panel moves to block the side air vent, the push rod moves along with it and comes into contact with the push inclined surface, thereby causing the connecting plate to be lifted. At this time, the side air panel and the blocking plate form a sealed structure inside the entire battery pack housing, preventing heat from spreading outwards. The heat in the phase change heat storage module can be transferred to the bottom through the connecting port to provide auxiliary heating for the battery pack, so as to facilitate rapid temperature rise. The side air holes on the side air plate coincide with the side air inlets, so that when the airflow is flowing, the connecting plate can block the connecting opening under its own weight, ensuring that heat is not lost with the airflow.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention uses the battery pack casing as the mounting carrier. Relying on the expansion, torsion, contraction, and reset actions of the bimetallic temperature sensing element in the temperature detection structure as it changes with temperature, a linkage mechanism consisting of a worm gear, worm wheel, transmission rod, lifting component, and rotating component drives the shielding plate, lower shielding plate, side air vents, and connecting plate to move synchronously. This automatically achieves non-electrically controlled adaptive switching between three modes: low-temperature sealed heat preservation and preheating, normal-temperature micro-ventilation, and high-temperature forced convection heat dissipation. At low temperatures, the entire chamber is sealed and heat is locked; at high temperatures, the entire air duct is used for convection heat dissipation; and at normal temperatures, micro-ventilation and constant temperature are maintained. The temperature control accuracy is high, and the temperature field uniformity is good, significantly improving the battery's low-temperature performance and high-temperature safety. At the same time, it completes the heat storage and directional release of the phase change heat storage module.

[0015] 2. This invention integrates the phase change heat storage module with the connecting plate and side air vent. When the system is sealed at low temperatures, the connecting port is automatically opened, allowing the heat released by the phase change heat storage module to circulate back within the closed cavity, efficiently preheating the battery. When the system is ventilated at normal or high temperatures, the connecting port is automatically closed to prevent the phase change heat from being lost with the airflow. This achieves full controllability of the heat storage, heat release, and heat lock-in process, significantly improving the utilization rate of phase change materials and reducing energy consumption.

[0016] 3. By adopting a fitted and sealed design for the baffle, lower baffle, and side air vents, the side air vents, air outlets, and exhaust vents are simultaneously closed at low temperatures to form a fully enclosed heat-insulating cavity. This effectively prevents heat loss through gaps and convection, improves preheating speed and heat preservation capacity, enhances the battery's low-temperature charging and discharging performance, and inhibits lithium plating and capacity decay. At high temperatures, the side air vents, air outlets, and exhaust vents are simultaneously and fully opened to form a strong convection heat dissipation channel with side entry and top exit. Combined with the swing opening structure of the baffle and lower baffle, the wind resistance is low and the flow area is large, which can quickly remove battery heat, avoid heat accumulation, and reduce the risk of battery thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of a multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the battery pack housing, including the upper and lower covers. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A bottom view; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A bottom view of the battery pack casing before the base plate is installed; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack casing; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature detection structure, shielding plate, upper shielding plate, transmission rod, and side air plate under normal temperature conditions. Figure 7 for Figure 6 Exploded view of the medium-temperature detection structure and the rotating structure; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle lifting component, the baffle plate, and the lower baffle plate; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Exploded view of the rotating structure and deflection sleeve; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the opening of the baffle, upper baffle, and side air vents under high temperature conditions. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the closure of the baffle, upper baffle, and side air vents, as well as the opening of the connecting plate for preheating under low-temperature conditions.

[0018] Numbering on the map: 1. Battery pack casing; 11. Side vent; 12. Top plate; 121. Air outlet; 122. Connecting port; 13. Bottom plate; 14. Lower cover; 2. Lower cover; 3. Upper casing; 31. Exhaust vent; 4. Baffle plate; 41. Connecting hole; 42. Swing rod; 43. Drive plate; 431. Drive slot; 5. Phase change thermal storage module; 6. Temperature detection structure; 61. Rotating rod; 62. Heat-conducting shell; 63. Worm gear; 64. Bimetallic temperature sensing element; 7. Transmission rod; 701. Worm gear; 71. Lifting component; 711. Rotating wheel; 712. Lifting protrusion; 713. Lifting rod; 714. Lower pressure spring; 715. Lower pressure ring; 716. Drive roller; 72. Rotating component; 721. Rotating wheel; 722. Rotating protrusion; 723. Deflection rod; 724. Pressure spring; 725. Deflection roller; 726. Pressure ring; 8. Side air vane; 81. Side air vent; 82. Push rod; 83. Deflector plate; 84. Deflector sleeve; 841. Spiral groove; 9. Connecting plate; 91. Pushing block. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 11 A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive switching between high and low temperatures includes a battery pack housing 1. Multiple linearly distributed side vents 11 are provided at both ends of the battery pack housing 1. A base plate 13 is installed below the battery pack housing 1. A lower cover 2 is fixed below the base plate 13. A top plate 12 is installed on the top of the battery pack housing 1. An upper cover 3 is fixed above the top plate 12. Multiple linearly distributed exhaust vents 31 are provided on the upper cover 3. Multiple linearly distributed air outlets 121 and a connecting port 122 are provided on the top plate 12. A connecting plate 9 is installed above the connecting port 122. Multiple phase change heat storage modules 5 are also installed above the top plate 12. The phase change heat storage module 5 is a heat-conducting aluminum plate encapsulated plate structure, filled with high latent heat phase change paraffin composite material, with microchannel heat-conducting ribs on the plate surface, and the phase change temperature is 25 degrees Celsius. A baffle plate 4 is movably installed at the top of the upper cover 3, and a lower baffle plate 14 is movably installed below the top plate 12. Side air plates 8 for sealing the side air vents 11 are installed on the left and right sides of the battery pack housing 1. A temperature detection structure 6 is installed inside the battery pack housing 1. The temperature detection structure 6 is placed inside the lower cover 2. A transmission rod 7 is rotatably installed inside the lower cover 2 through a bearing. The transmission rod 7 is connected to the temperature detection structure 6. A lifting component 71 and two symmetrically distributed rotating components 72 are provided on the transmission rod 7. The two rotating components 72 are connected to the two side air plates 8 respectively. The lifting component 71 is connected to the baffle plate 4 and the lower baffle plate 14.

[0021] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 8 Multiple swing rods 42 are rotatably mounted on both the front and rear sides of the baffle plate 4 via pivot pins. The end of the swing rod 42 away from the baffle plate 4 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover 3 via pivot pins. A drive plate 43 is rotatably mounted on the left end of the baffle plate 4 via pivot pins. The end of the drive plate 43 away from the baffle plate 4 is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover 3 via pivot pins. Both the baffle plate 4 and the lower baffle plate 14 swing up and down via pivot pins on the end away from the baffle plate 4 and the swing rods 42. The structure and installation method of the shield 4 and the lower shield 14 are the same. The upper surfaces of the shield 4 and the lower shield 14 are provided with rectangular sealing gaskets. When the shield 4 and the lower shield 14 slide to block the air, the shield 4 and the lower shield 14 abut against the top of the upper cover 3 and the lower surface of the top plate 12, respectively. Through the sealing effect, the airflow will not diffuse and leak through the gaps, which is beneficial to the heat preservation of the internal battery pack in low temperature environment.

[0022] Reference Figure 6 The baffle plate 4 forms multiple linearly distributed connecting holes 41 through the top and bottom. The number and size of the connecting holes 41 are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents 31. The number and size of the connecting holes 41 on the lower baffle plate 14 are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents 121. The exhaust vents 121 and the exhaust vents 31 have the same structure. The plate between two adjacent connecting holes 41 on the baffle plate 4 forms a baffle part. The size of part of the baffle part is larger than the size of the exhaust vent 31. When the baffle plate 4 moves, the baffle part can block the exhaust vent 31 from the front. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is within or below the set temperature range, the baffle 4 can block the exhaust port 31 and the lower baffle 14 can block the air outlet 121, thereby forming a sealed structure inside the battery pack housing 1 and thus keeping the inside of the battery pack housing 1 warm. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is higher than the set temperature, the baffle 4 and the lower baffle 14 are deflected downward by the swing rod 42 under the action of the lifting member 71, thereby exposing the air vent 121 and the exhaust vent 31, which in turn cooperate with the side air vent 11 to form convection and quickly dissipate the internal heat.

[0023] Reference Figure 4 - Figure 7The temperature detection structure 6 includes a rotating rod 61 rotatably mounted below the base plate 13 via a bearing. The upper end of the rotating rod 61 passes through the base plate 13 and is located inside the battery pack housing 1. A bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating rod 61. One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 is fixed to the rotating rod 61. A heat-conducting shell 62 is sleeved on the outside of the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64. One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 is fixed inside the heat-conducting shell 62. The bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 adopts a bimetallic spiral with equal pitch. The heat inside the battery pack housing 1 is transferred to the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 through the heat-conducting shell 62. When the temperature is high, it will expand, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the forward direction. When the temperature is low, it will contract, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the reverse direction. To reduce the impact of battery vibration on the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64, an O-ring is installed between the rotating rod 61 and the heat-conducting shell 62. The rubber ring provides radial preload, eliminates gaps, and absorbs high-frequency vibrations. A small amount of dimethyl silicone oil with a viscosity between 1000 and 10000 cSt is injected into the cavity between the rotating rod 61 and the heat-conducting shell 62. The silicone oil adheres to the surface of the spiral blade and generates shear damping during vibration, quickly calming high-frequency vibrations. At the same time, the thickness and stiffness are increased, the width is reduced, and heat treatment is performed to improve its hardness and fatigue resistance, and to improve the bending stiffness of the bimetallic sheet, making its natural frequency much higher than the common vibration frequency to avoid resonance. During manufacturing, the spiral blade is kept in a slightly preloaded state at room temperature. Preload increases the internal friction of the sheet, generating hysteresis damping on vibration and reducing vibrations. In this way, it is not deformed in the vibration environment. The bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 is only affected by temperature changes and is not affected by vibration, thereby improving the temperature detection accuracy of the temperature detection structure 6. A worm 63 is fixed to the lower end of the rotating rod 61, and a worm wheel 701 is installed on the transmission rod 7. The worm wheel 701 is connected to the worm 63, and the transmission ratio between the worm wheel 701 and the worm 63 is 1 / N. The lead angle of the worm 63 is not greater than the equivalent friction angle between the teeth of the worm wheel 701. This can amplify the small input torque of the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 by tens or hundreds of times, thereby easily driving the rotation of the transmission rod 7. It can also achieve self-locking of the worm wheel 701 and the worm 63, so that only the worm 63 can drive the worm wheel 701 to rotate, and the worm wheel 701 cannot drive the worm 63 to rotate. In this way, the transmission rod 7 cannot drive the worm 63 to move when it is subjected to vibration. Only the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 can drive the movement of the entire device. The lifting cam 711, the deflection cam 721, and the transmission rod 7 can achieve mechanical self-locking by being restricted by the worm wheel 701 and the worm 63.

[0024] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 8The top plate 12 extends vertically to form a straight opening, which extends downward through the bottom plate 13. The lifting component 71 includes a rotating wheel 711 fixed on the transmission rod 7. The rotating wheel 711 is provided with a lifting protrusion 712, which occupies half of the rotating wheel 711. A lifting rod 713 is slidably inserted into the straight opening. The lower end of the lifting rod 713 is placed below the bottom plate 13 and partially contacts the lifting protrusion 712. A lower pressure ring 715 is fixed to the lower end of the lifting rod 713. A lower pressure spring 714 is sleeved below the lifting rod 713. The two ends of the lower pressure spring 714 abut against the lower surface of the bottom plate 13 and the upper surface of the lower pressure ring 715, respectively. A linear groove is provided inside the linear opening, and a linear slider is provided on the outer surface of the lifting rod 713. The linear slider slides up and down and is inserted into the linear groove to guide the up and down movement of the lifting rod 713, so that it can only move up and down and cannot rotate.

[0025] Reference Figure 8 The drive plate 43 is provided with an inclined drive groove 431. The height of the drive groove 431 near the drive plate 43 is lower than the height of the drive groove 431 away from the drive plate 43. The lifting rod 713 is provided with two drive rollers 716. The two drive rollers 716 are slidably inserted into the drive grooves 431 on the drive plate 43 of the baffle plate 4 and the lower baffle plate 14 respectively. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is not higher than the maximum set temperature, the bottom end of the lifting rod 713 contacts the lifting protrusion 712. At this time, the lifting rod 713 is lifted as a whole, the lower compression spring 714 is in a compressed state, and has the tendency to push the lifting rod 713 downward. At the same time, the baffle plate 4 and the top of the upper cover 3 abut against the exhaust port 31, and the lower baffle plate 14 and the lower surface of the top plate 12 abut against the exhaust port 121, thereby forming a sealed structure inside the battery pack housing 1, thus keeping the inside of the battery pack housing 1 warm. When the internal temperature of the battery pack casing 1 is higher than the maximum set temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 will expand at high temperature, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the forward direction. This rotation is driven by the worm gear 63 and worm wheel 701 to rotate the lifting protrusion 712 in the forward direction. The bottom end of the lifting rod 713 will move along the lifting protrusion 712 toward the surface of the rotating wheel 711 under the action of the lower compression spring 714. The entire lifting rod 713 will move downward. The drive roller 716 on the lifting rod 713 will pull the drive plate 43 downward in the drive groove 431, thereby causing the shielding plate 4 and the lower shielding plate 14 to deflect downward through the shaft pin at the end away from the shielding plate 4, exposing the air vent 121 and the exhaust vent 31. This, in conjunction with the side air vent 11, forms convection and quickly dissipates the internal heat. When the internal temperature of the battery pack housing 1 is lower than the minimum set temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 will contract at low temperature, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the opposite direction. This, in turn, drives the lifting protrusion 712 to rotate in the opposite direction via the worm gear 63 and worm wheel 701. The lifting rod 713 will move along the surface of the rotating wheel 711 to the lifting protrusion 712, and the entire lifting rod 713 will move upward. The baffle plate 4 and the top of the upper cover 3 abut against the exhaust vent 31, and the lower baffle plate 14 and the lower surface of the top plate 12 abut against the exhaust vent 121, thus blocking the exhaust vent 121.

[0026] Reference Figure 6 - Figure 9 The rotating component 72 includes a rotating wheel 721 fixed on the transmission rod 7. The upper part of the rotating wheel 721 protrudes to form a rotating protrusion 722. The bottom plate 13 forms a circular hole through the top and bottom. A deflecting rod 723 is slidably inserted into the circular hole. The bottom end of the deflecting rod 723 is below the bottom plate 13 and is fixed with a pressing ring 726. A pressing spring 724 is sleeved below the deflecting rod 723. The upper and lower ends of the pressing spring 724 abut against the pressing ring 726 and the bottom plate 13, respectively. The bottom end of the deflecting rod 723 contacts the rotating wheel 721. A guide groove is provided in the circular hole. A guide block is provided on the outer surface of the deflecting rod 723. The guide block is slidably inserted into the guide groove to guide the up and down movement of the deflecting rod 723, so that it can only move up and down and cannot rotate. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is not higher than the maximum value of the set temperature, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 is in contact with the surface of the rotating wheel 721 and not in contact with the rotating protrusion 722. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is higher than the maximum set temperature, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 contacts the surface of the rotating wheel 721 and does not contact the rotating protrusion 722. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is lower than the minimum set temperature, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 contacts the rotating protrusion 722 and does not contact the surface of the rotating wheel 721.

[0027] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7Both the upper and lower ends of the side air vent 8 are rotatably mounted with deflector plates 83 via pivot pins. A deflector sleeve 84 is fixed below the end of the deflector plate 83 away from the side air vent 8. The upper part of the deflector sleeve 84 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1 via pivot pins. A rectangular sealing gasket is provided on the side surface of the side air vent 8 facing the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1. The side air vent 8 deflects and swings back and forth about the deflector sleeve 84 as its axis and through the deflector plate 83. During the swinging process, it will move away from the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1 and then stick to the inner wall again, blocking the side air vent 11. Compared to the translational blocking of the side air vent 8, The side air vent 8 abuts against the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1, which can ensure that the airflow will not diffuse and leak through the gaps through the sealing effect, which is beneficial for the heat preservation of the internal battery pack in low temperature environment. The side air vent 8 has multiple linearly distributed side air holes 81. Under normal conditions, that is, when the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is within the set temperature range or higher than the set temperature, the side air holes 81 on the side air vent 11 coincide with the side air outlet 11 to allow for normal airflow. When the temperature inside the battery pack housing 1 is lower than the set temperature, the side air vent 8 blocks the side air outlet 11 to ensure that the internal temperature will not be lost.

[0028] Reference Figure 9 A slot is provided below the deflection sleeve 84. Two sets of spiral grooves 841 arranged in a ring array are provided on the inner wall of the slot. A deflection roller 725 is provided on the deflection rod 723. The upper end of the deflection rod 723 is inserted into the slot, and the deflection roller 725 is placed in the spiral groove 841. When the internal temperature of the battery pack housing 1 is lower than the set minimum temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 will contract at low temperature, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the opposite direction. This, in turn, drives the lifting protrusion 712 to rotate in the opposite direction via the worm gear 63 and worm wheel 701. The rotating wheel 721 on the transmission rod 7 will rotate accordingly. At this time, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 will move from the surface of the rotating wheel 721 to the rotating protrusion 722. The deflection rod 723 will be lifted and moved upward. The deflection roller 725 on the deflection rod 723 will move within the spiral groove 841. Since the deflection rod 723 and the deflection roller 725 can only move up and down, the deflection sleeve 84 will rotate. The rotating deflection sleeve 84 will drive the deflection plate 83 to rotate, thereby causing the side air plate 8 to abut against the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1. At the same time, the side air plate 8 blocks the side air vent 11 to ensure that the internal temperature does not leak out. When the internal temperature of the battery pack casing 1 is greater than the minimum set temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 will contract at high temperature, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the forward direction. During this process, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 remains in contact with the outer surface of the rotating wheel 721 at all times due to the pressure spring 724. The deflection rod 723 is in a low position, and the deflection plate 83 returns to its original position. At this time, the side air hole 81 on the side air plate 8 coincides with the side air outlet 11, ensuring normal airflow.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 6 A sealed cavity is formed between the top plate 12 and the upper cover 3 through a partition. The phase change heat storage module is located in the sealed cavity. The top plate 12 has a through-hole 122 on both the left and right sides of the upper surface. The through-hole 122 is used to connect the sealed cavity with the inside of the battery pack housing 1 so that the temperature of the heat storage module 5 can be transferred to the inside of the battery pack housing 1. A connecting plate 9 is mounted on the top plate 12 through a hinge. The hinge is located on the side away from the side wind plate 8. The connecting plate 9 is located above the through-hole 122 to block it. The connecting plate 9 is counterweighted so that it can block the through-hole 122 under its own weight. A push block 91 is fixed below the connecting plate 9. The push block 91 passes through the through-hole 122 and is located inside the battery pack housing 1. The lower surface of the push block 91 is designed with a slope. This slope is a push slope. A push rod 82 is provided on the side wind plate 8. When the side air panel 8 moves to block the side air vent 11, the push rod 82 moves along with it and comes into contact with the push inclined surface, thereby causing the connecting plate 9 to be lifted. At this time, the side air panel 8 and the blocking plate 4 form a sealed structure inside the entire battery pack housing 1, so that the heat will not diffuse outward. The heat in the phase change heat storage module 5 can be transferred to the bottom through the connecting port 122 to assist in heating the battery pack, so as to quickly raise the temperature. The side air hole 81 on the side air plate 8 coincides with the side air outlet 11, so that when the airflow is flowing, the connecting plate 9 can block the connecting opening 122 under its own weight, ensuring that heat will not be lost with the airflow.

[0030] The bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 expands or contracts slowly at different temperatures. Through reasonable design, the temperature is kept between the set low and high temperature ranges. That is, when the battery is at room temperature, normal ventilation is only required through the side vent 11. At this time, the bottom end of the lifting rod 713 is in contact with the lifting protrusion 712. The bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 expands slowly at this temperature, which can always ensure that the bottom end of the lifting rod 713 is in contact with the lifting protrusion 712. Meanwhile, the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 is always in contact with the surface of the rotating wheel 721, ensuring ventilation through the side vent 11 and closure of the exhaust vent 31 and the outlet 121. When the temperature is higher than the set maximum temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 expands slowly at this temperature, and the transmission rod 7 is in a slow forward rotation state, causing the rotating wheel 711 and the rotating wheel 721 to rotate in the forward direction. At this time, the bottom end of the lifting rod 713 is in partial contact with the surface of the rotating wheel 711, but not in contact with the lifting protrusion 712. This ensures that the lifting rod 713 is always in the lower position under the action of the lower pressure spring 714, while the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 is always in partial contact with the rotating wheel 721, but not in partial contact with the rotating protrusion 722. The side air vent 11, the exhaust vent 31, and the air outlet 121 are in the open state. When the temperature is lower than the set minimum temperature, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 slowly contracts at this temperature, and the transmission rod 7 is in a slow reverse rotation state, causing the rotating wheel 711 and the rotating wheel 721 to rotate in opposite directions. At this time, the bottom end of the lifting rod 713 contacts the lifting protrusion 712, while the bottom end of the deflection rod 723 is always in partial contact with the rotating protrusion 722. The side air vent 11, exhaust vent 31, and air outlet 121 are in a closed state to ensure that the internal temperature is not lost.

[0031] Working principle: The internal temperature of the battery pack casing 1 is transferred to the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 through the heat-conducting outer shell 62. The bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 undergoes continuous torsional deformation with temperature changes, which drives the rotating rod 61 to rotate. The worm gear 63 at the lower end of the rotating rod 61 meshes with the worm wheel 701 on the transmission rod 7, amplifying the small torque of the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 and transmitting it to the transmission rod 7, causing the transmission rod 7 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the lifting element 71 and the rotating element 72 to move, realizing the linkage switching of the shielding plate 4, the lower shielding plate 14, the side wind plate 8 and the connecting plate 9, and completing the adaptive conversion of three modes: low temperature sealed preheating, normal temperature micro ventilation and high temperature forced heat dissipation.

[0032] When the internal temperature of the battery pack housing 1 is lower than the set low temperature threshold, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 is cooled and contracts, causing the rotating rod 61 to rotate in the opposite direction. Through the worm gear 63 and worm wheel 701, the transmission rod 7 rotates in the opposite direction. The rotating wheel 711 on the transmission rod 7 rotates with it. The lifting protrusion 712 on the rotating wheel 711 lifts the lifting rod 713 upward, and the lower compression spring 714 is compressed. The drive roller 716 on the lifting rod 713 moves upward along the drive groove 431 of the drive plate 43, pushing the drive plate 43 to deflect upward, so that the shielding plate 4 and the lower shielding plate 14 are tightly attached to the inner top surface of the upper cover 3 and the lower surface of the top plate 12, respectively, completely sealing the exhaust port 31 and the air outlet 121. At the same time, the rotating wheels 721 at both ends of the transmission rod 7 rotate synchronously in opposite directions. The rotating protrusions 722 on the rotating wheels 721 push the deflection rod 723 upward. The deflection roller 725 at the upper end of the deflection rod 723 moves along the spiral groove 841 on the inner wall of the deflection sleeve 84, driving the deflection sleeve 84 to rotate, so that the deflection plate 83 drives the side air plate 8 to deflect towards the inner wall of the battery pack housing 1, completely blocking the side air vent 11. When the side air deflector 8 deflects, the push rod 82 on it pushes the push block 91, causing the connecting plate 9 to flip upward around the hinge, opening the connecting port 122, forming a completely sealed space inside the battery pack housing 1. The heat released by the phase change heat storage module 5 flows back to the inside of the battery pack housing 1 through the connecting port 122, passively preheating the battery pack and achieving low-temperature insulation and rapid heating.

[0033] When the internal temperature of the battery pack casing 1 is in the normal temperature range between the low temperature threshold and the high temperature threshold, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 undergoes a slight expansion deformation, which drives the rotating rod 61 and the transmission rod 7 to rotate slightly in the positive direction. The lifting protrusion 712 and the lifting rod 713 always remain in contact, the lifting rod 713 is maintained in the middle position, the baffle plate 4 and the lower baffle plate 14 remain closed, and the exhaust port 31 and the air outlet 121 are closed. The rotating protrusion 722 disengages from the deflection rod 723, and the deflection rod 723 falls back under the action of the compression spring 724. The deflection sleeve 84 returns to its original position with the side air plate 8, and the side air hole 81 on the side air plate 8 coincides with the side air outlet 11, forming a micro-ventilation state. The connecting plate 9 falls back under its own gravity, closing the connecting port 122. The phase change heat storage module 5 stops releasing heat, and the battery pack is in a constant temperature standby state.

[0034] When the internal temperature of the battery pack casing 1 is higher than the set high temperature threshold, the bimetallic temperature sensing element 64 expands significantly due to heat, causing the rotating rod 61 and the transmission rod 7 to rotate significantly in the positive direction. The lifting protrusion 712 completely rotates away from the bottom end of the lifting rod 713. The lifting rod 713 moves downward under the action of the lower compression spring 714. The drive roller 716 pulls the drive plate 43 to deflect downward, causing the baffle plate 4 and the lower baffle plate 14 to swing downward. The connecting hole 41 on it is aligned with the exhaust port 31 and the air outlet 121 respectively, and the upper and lower ventilation channels are fully opened. At the same time, the rotating wheel 721 rotates synchronously, the rotating protrusion 722 completely disengages from the deflection rod 723, the deflection rod 723 falls back to the lowest position, the side air plate 8 returns to its original position, the side air hole 81 completely overlaps with the side air outlet 11, and the side air outlet 11, the air outlet 121 and the exhaust outlet 31 form a complete convection air duct to achieve forced convection heat dissipation. The push rod 82 separates from the push block 91, and the connecting plate 9 closes the connecting port 122 under the action of gravity, preventing the heat of the phase change heat storage module 5 from being lost with the airflow and ensuring heat dissipation efficiency.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching, characterized in that, The battery pack housing (1) has multiple linearly distributed side air vents (11) at both ends. A base plate (13) is installed below the battery pack housing (1). A lower cover (2) is fixed below the base plate (13). A top plate (12) is installed on the top of the battery pack housing (1). An upper cover (3) is fixed above the top plate (12). Multiple linearly distributed exhaust vents (31) are opened on the upper cover (3). Multiple linearly distributed air outlets (121) and a connecting port (122) are opened on the top plate (12). A connecting plate (9) is installed above the connecting port (122). Multiple phase change heat storage modules (5) are also installed above the top plate (12). A baffle plate (4) is movably installed at the top of the upper cover (3), and a lower baffle plate (14) is movably installed below the top plate (12). Side air plates (8) for sealing the side air vents (11) are installed on the left and right sides of the battery pack housing (1). A temperature detection structure (6) is installed inside the battery pack housing (1). The temperature detection structure (6) is placed inside the lower cover (2). A transmission rod (7) is rotatably installed inside the lower cover (2) through a bearing. The transmission rod (7) is connected to the temperature detection structure (6). A lifting component (71) and two symmetrically distributed rotating components (72) are provided on the transmission rod (7). The two rotating components (72) are connected to the two side air plates (8) respectively. The lifting component (71) is connected to the baffle plate (4) and the lower baffle plate (14).

2. The multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple swing rods (42) are rotatably mounted on both the front and rear sides of the shield (4) via shaft pins. The end of the swing rod (42) away from the shield (4) is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover (3) via shaft pins. A drive plate (43) is rotatably mounted on the left end of the shield (4) via shaft pins. The end of the drive plate (43) away from the shield (4) is rotatably connected to the top of the inner part of the upper cover (3) via shaft pins. The structure and installation method of the shielding plate (4) are the same as those of the lower shielding plate (14).

3. The multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle plate (4) has multiple linearly distributed connecting holes (41) running through it from top to bottom. The number and size of the connecting holes (41) are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents (31). The number and size of the connecting holes (41) on the lower baffle plate (14) are the same as the number and size of the exhaust vents (121). The plate between two adjacent connecting holes (41) on the baffle plate (4) forms a shielding part. The size of the shielding part is larger than the size of the exhaust vents (31).

4. The multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature detection structure (6) includes a rotating rod (61) that is rotatably mounted below the base plate (13) via a bearing. The upper end of the rotating rod (61) passes through the base plate (13) and is located inside the battery pack housing (1). A bimetallic temperature sensing element (64) is sleeved on the upper end of the rotating rod (61). One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element (64) is fixed to the rotating rod (61). A heat-conducting shell (62) is sleeved on the outside of the bimetallic temperature sensing element (64). One end of the inner ring of the bimetallic temperature sensing element (64) is fixed inside the heat-conducting shell (62). The lower end of the rotating rod (61) is fixed with a worm (63), and a worm wheel (701) is installed on the transmission rod (7). The worm wheel (701) is connected to the worm (63).

5. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top plate (12) forms a straight opening that extends downward through the bottom plate (13). The lifting component (71) includes a rotating wheel (711) fixed on the transmission rod (7). The rotating wheel (711) is provided with a lifting protrusion (712). A lifting rod (713) is slidably inserted into the straight opening. The lower end of the lifting rod (713) is placed below the bottom plate 13 and partially contacts the lifting protrusion (712). A lower pressure ring (715) is fixed to the lower end of the lifting rod (713). A lower pressure spring (714) is sleeved below the lifting rod (713). The two ends of the lower pressure spring (714) abut against the lower surface of the bottom plate (13) and the upper surface of the lower pressure ring (715), respectively.

6. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 5, characterized in that, The drive plate (43) is provided with an inclined drive groove (431). The height of the drive groove (431) near the drive plate (43) is lower than the height of the drive groove (431) away from the drive plate (43). The lifting rod (713) is provided with two drive rollers (716). The two drive rollers (716) are slidably inserted into the drive grooves (431) on the drive plate (43) of the baffle plate (4) and the lower baffle plate (14), respectively.

7. The multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating component (72) includes a rotating wheel (721) fixed on the transmission rod (7). The upper part of the rotating wheel (721) protrudes to form a rotating protrusion (722). The base plate (13) has a circular hole extending through it vertically. A deflecting rod (723) is slidably inserted into the circular hole. The bottom end of the deflecting rod (723) is located below the base plate (13) and is fixed with a pressure ring (726). A pressure spring (724) is sleeved below the deflecting rod (723). The upper and lower ends of the pressure spring (724) abut against the pressure ring (726) and the base plate (13) respectively. The bottom end of the deflecting rod (723) contacts the rotating wheel (721).

8. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper and lower ends of the side wind plate (8) are rotatably mounted with deflection plates (83) via shaft pins. A deflection sleeve (84) is fixed below the end of the deflection plate (83) away from the side wind plate (8). The upper part of the deflection sleeve (84) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the battery pack housing (1) via shaft pins. Multiple linearly distributed side wind holes (81) are opened on the side wind plate (8).

9. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 8, characterized in that, The deflection sleeve (84) has an insertion groove below it. The inner wall of the insertion groove is provided with two sets of spiral grooves (841) arranged in an annular array. The deflection rod (723) is provided with a deflection roller (725). The upper end of the deflection rod (723) is inserted into the insertion groove, and the deflection roller (725) is placed in the spiral groove (841).

10. A multi-mode battery thermal management device with adaptive high and low temperature switching according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealed cavity is formed between the top plate (12) and the upper cover (3) through a partition. The phase change heat storage module is located in the sealed cavity. The top plate (12) has a connecting port (122) extending through the left and right sides of the upper surface. A connecting plate (9) is mounted on the top plate (12) by a hinge. A push block (91) is fixed below the connecting plate (9). The push block (91) passes through the connecting port (122) and is located inside the battery pack housing (1). The lower surface of the push block (91) is designed with a slope, which is a push slope. A push rod (82) is provided on the side wind plate (8).

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