Detecting and jamming antenna and anti-drone equipment of portable drone

Abstract

The application provides a portable unmanned aerial vehicle detection and interference antenna and anti-unmanned aerial vehicle equipment, relates to the technical field of interference guns, and comprises a receiving antenna, an interference attack antenna and a metal mounting bottom plate. The receiving antenna and the interference attack antenna are vertically fixedly installed on one side of the metal mounting bottom plate, and the receiving antenna and the interference attack antenna are distributed in a T shape. The receiving antenna and the interference attack antenna are integrated on the same metal mounting bottom plate, an integrated layout design is adopted, two functions of unmanned aerial vehicle signal detection and reception and interference attack emission are simultaneously provided, the receiving antenna and the interference attack antenna are vertically distributed in a T shape, the ground layer of the receiving antenna is close to one side of the interference attack antenna, the natural isolation characteristics of orthogonal polarization are utilized, and the crosstalk of a high-power interference signal on a receiving channel is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of jamming gun technology, specifically to portable drone detection and jamming antennas and anti-drone equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The communication link between the drone and the ground controller includes two channels: the remote control uplink, which is used by the pilot to send flight control commands to the drone via the remote controller, mainly in the 2.4GHz ISM band, with some use of the 915MHz band; and the image transmission downlink, which is used by the drone to transmit video images captured by the onboard camera back to the ground, mainly in the 5.2GHz / 5.8GHz band. There is also a satellite navigation link, which enables the drone to receive GPS / BeiDou and other satellite navigation signals to achieve positioning and flight path, mainly in the 1.5GHz band.

[0003] The main directional antenna design schemes in anti-drone technology are as follows: 1. High-gain horn antennas are used to achieve higher radiation efficiency and directivity. The opening of the waveguide is gradually enlarged so that most of the energy transmitted in the waveguide is radiated out by the horn. This type of horn antenna is heavier than other antenna structures, which does not meet the requirements for lightweight equipment.

[0004] 2. Plate antenna constructed using aluminum element antennas. This novel miniaturized antenna employs a three-dimensional surface surround design, incorporating multiple antenna elements into an array to improve overall array gain. However, this plate antenna's overall array structure results in a large overall planar space occupation, making it difficult to integrate with specific devices.

[0005] 3. Multi-frequency signal transmission is achieved using multiple single-frequency traditional Yagi antennas. The Yagi antenna is an end-fire array antenna evolved from the dipole antenna, typically composed of a single active element and multiple passive elements placed parallel to each other in the same plane. In the Yagi antenna structure, only the active element is fed; the other passive elements can only generate induced current through coupling with the active element. Therefore, the inverter is slightly longer than the active element, exhibiting inductive characteristics, while the director is slightly shorter than the active element, exhibiting capacitive characteristics. The phase of the element current lags sequentially along the direction of maximum radiation. Since the spacing between the elements is slightly less than a quarter wavelength, the inductive parasitic elements weaken the radiated energy in the direction of the passive elements, while the capacitive parasitic elements enhance the radiated energy in the direction of the passive elements. This allows for maximum energy radiation from the reflecting element to the directing element. Yagi antennas have a simple structure, are easy to implement, can achieve a narrow bandwidth, and have good directivity and high gain; however, the antenna itself is large in size, weight and difficult to debug, and the metal rod structure of Yagi antennas makes it impossible to conform to other carriers.

[0006] Existing antenna designs for anti-drone applications cannot guarantee high-gain radiation while achieving antenna miniaturization, thus failing to meet practical application requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a portable detection and jamming antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and an anti-UAV device, solving the problem that existing antenna structures used for anti-UAV purposes cannot simultaneously guarantee high-gain radiation and achieve antenna miniaturization, thus failing to meet practical application requirements.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The detection and jamming antenna for a portable drone includes: a receiving antenna, a jamming antenna, and a metal mounting base. The receiving antenna and the jamming antenna are both vertically fixed on one side of the metal mounting base, and the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna are arranged in a "T" shape. The receiving antenna includes: a dielectric substrate, a radiating patch layer, a ground layer, and a feed network; the dielectric substrate is a flat plate structure with a first surface and a second surface, the first radiating patch layer is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and slotted radiating elements are etched on the first radiating patch layer, the ground layer is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the ground layer is close to the jamming antenna, and the feed network is disposed at the bottom center of the dielectric substrate for feeding in or feeding out radio frequency signals. The jamming antenna includes: a first dielectric substrate, a second radiating patch layer, and a second dielectric substrate; the second radiating patch layer is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a first ground layer, and the side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a second ground layer; two exponentially gradient Vivaldi slots are etched on the second radiating patch layer.

[0009] Preferably, the slot radiation unit includes: a main coupling rectangular annular groove, a low-frequency extending rectangular slot, and a U-shaped gradient slot; there are four low-frequency extending rectangular slots, distributed at the four corners of the main coupling rectangular annular groove; there are two U-shaped gradient slots, distributed below the main coupling rectangular annular groove, and symmetrically distributed along the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer, with the openings of the U-shaped gradient slots facing downwards and the inner adjacent ends connected. The inner adjacent ends of the two U-shaped gradient slots together form a central feed channel located on the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer, used to optimize impedance matching in the high-frequency band.

[0010] Preferably, the two exponentially gradient Vivaldi slots smoothly expand outward from the bottom feed point along the exponential curve to form an end-firing slot radiation structure; a differential coaxial coupling feed pad is provided at the bottom center of the second radiating patch layer for soldering an SMP-JYD semi-escapement straight male RF connector to access high-power RF interference signals.

[0011] Preferably, the two exponentially gradient Vivaldi slots have the following characteristics: Slot shape: It gradually expands from a narrow bottom feed slot to a wide fan-shaped opening by a smooth exponential curve; Symmetrical layout on both sides: The Vivaldi radiating arms of the two exponentially tapered Vivaldi slots form a balanced opposing structure; Matching stub below: A rectangular impedance matching stub is attached to the root of the Vivaldi arm of each exponentially tapered Vivaldi slot.

[0012] Preferably, the first ground layer and the second ground layer are connected by a metallized via at the edge of the interference strike antenna.

[0013] Preferably, the outer side of the jamming antenna is provided with an FR4 dielectric protective cover.

[0014] Preferably, the metal mounting base plate is provided with positioning slots corresponding to the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna.

[0015] Preferably, a differential coaxial coupling feed pad is provided at the bottom center of the second radiating patch layer for soldering an SMP-JYD semi-escapement straight male RF connector to access high-power RF interference signals.

[0016] An anti-drone device includes: a main body of the device and the aforementioned detection and jamming antenna.

[0017] Preferably, the detection and jamming antenna is rotatably mounted on one side of the device body.

[0018] This invention provides a portable drone detection and jamming antenna and an anti-drone device. It has the following beneficial effects: This invention integrates the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna onto the same metal mounting base, employing an integrated layout design that simultaneously performs two functions: UAV signal detection and reception, and jamming and attack transmission. Compared to the shortcomings of existing anti-UAV systems, which have separate detection and jamming antennas, numerous devices, large size, and poor portability, this invention achieves the fusion and integration of detection and jamming antennas, effectively reducing the size and weight of the device and meeting the urgent need for miniaturization and lightweight portable UAV countermeasures equipment.

[0019] This invention arranges the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna in a "T"-shape vertically, with the ground plane of the receiving antenna closer to the jamming antenna. Utilizing the natural isolation characteristics of orthogonal polarization, this effectively reduces crosstalk from high-power interference signals to the receiving channel. Two Vivaldi antenna elements are combined in a T-shape to achieve dual polarization, ensuring that the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna do not interfere with each other during operation, guaranteeing both the sensitivity of detection and reception and the efficiency of jamming transmission. Simultaneously, the ground plane of the receiving antenna is positioned closer to the jamming antenna, further providing electromagnetic shielding and improving the isolation between transmission and reception.

[0020] This invention's jamming antenna employs an end-fire radiating structure composed of two exponentially tapered Vivaldi slots. Vivaldi antennas are non-frequency-variable antennas, characterized by wide operating bandwidth, excellent radiation directionality, stable input impedance, high efficiency, simple structure, and ease of planar integration. The two Vivaldi slots smoothly expand outwards along an exponential curve from the bottom feed point, forming a balanced, opposed structure (topographically opposed Vivaldi antenna). Compared to ordinary Vivaldi antennas, this structure is more compact, has a wider bandwidth, is easier to achieve impedance matching, and exhibits superior cross-polarization. The jamming antenna maintains stable radiation performance across a wide frequency band, achieving high-gain, narrow-beam directional jamming transmission, effectively improving the jamming range and accuracy against UAVs.

[0021] The present invention features a metal mounting base plate, on which both the receiving antenna and the jamming antenna are vertically fixed. The metal base plate serves as the mechanical mounting foundation for the antennas, ensuring the relative positional accuracy and structural stability of the two antennas. It also provides a good grounding reference plane for the antennas, which is beneficial for improving the impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the antennas.

[0022] The slotted radiating element of the receiving antenna of this invention adopts a composite structure design of "main coupling rectangular ring slot + four corner low-frequency extension rectangular slots + double U-shaped gradient slots". Four low-frequency extension rectangular slots are distributed at the four corners of the main coupling rectangular ring slot, effectively extending the low-frequency operating band of the antenna; two U-shaped gradient slots are symmetrically distributed along the vertical central axis of the first radiating patch layer, with their openings facing downwards and adjacent inner ends connected, together forming a central feed channel located on the vertical central axis. This structural design can optimize impedance matching in the high-frequency band, maintain stable VSWR characteristics over a wide bandwidth, and effectively improve the radiation efficiency and receiving sensitivity of the receiving antenna across the entire frequency band. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view of the detection and jamming antenna for the portable UAV proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the receiving antenna of the portable drone detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the three-layer resonant unit of the radiating patch layer of the detection and jamming antenna for the portable UAV proposed in this invention; Figure 5 The return loss diagram of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention; Figure 6 The standing wave diagram of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention; Figure 7 This is a gain diagram of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is the radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention at 0.9 GHz. Figure 9 The radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention is shown at 2.4 GHz. Figure 10 The radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the receiving antenna of the portable UAV detection and jamming antenna proposed in this invention at 5.8 GHz. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the jamming antenna for the detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the three layers (top layer, middle layer, and bottom layer) of the detection and jamming antenna for portable drones proposed in this invention. Figure 13 This is a return loss diagram of the detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention. Figure 14 The standing wave diagram of the jamming antenna for the detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention; Figure 15 This is a gain diagram of the jamming antenna for the detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention. Figure 16 The radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the 0.9 GHz detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention. Figure 17The radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the 2.4 GHz detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention. Figure 18 The radiation pattern (solid line: azimuth plane, dashed line: elevation plane) of the 5.8 GHz detection and jamming antenna of the portable UAV proposed in this invention.

[0024] Among them, 1. Interference antenna; 2. Receiving antenna; 3. Metal mounting base plate; 101. Exponentially tapered Vivaldi slot; 102. Rectangular impedance matching stub; 201. Low-frequency extension rectangular slot; 202. Main coupling rectangular ring slot; 203. U-shaped tapered slot. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0026] like Figures 1-18 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a portable drone detection and jamming antenna for detecting, identifying, and jamming the communication signals of intruding drones under single-soldier field operation conditions. Specifically, it includes a receiving antenna 2, a jamming antenna 1, and a metal mounting plate 3. The receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 are both vertically fixed on one side of the metal mounting plate 3, and the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 are arranged in a "T" shape.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the jamming antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 are vertically fixed on the top of the horizontal metal mounting base 3, and the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 are arranged in a "T" shape. It can be understood that the transmitting and receiving antennas (referring to the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1) are polarized orthogonally, so that the antenna system can simultaneously realize the dual functions of listening and jamming. Moreover, the "T" shape distribution structure can effectively utilize the width space of the equipment to distribute the antenna size and compress the longitudinal length of the whole machine, which is conducive to the miniaturization of portable drones.

[0028] Specifically, the metal mounting base plate 3 is provided with positioning slots corresponding to the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1. The receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 are respectively locked in the slots of the metal mounting base plate 3 and fixed by M3 locking screws. When the screws are loosened, either antenna can be disassembled and installed separately without interference, which is convenient for maintenance / replacement.

[0029] The bottom of the metal mounting base plate 3 is located near the heat dissipation module of the power amplifier to achieve heat dissipation for the antenna system. The metal mounting base plate 3 is also electrically connected to the grounding parts of the jamming antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 to achieve grounding after the jamming antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 are installed. The metal material of the metal mounting base plate 3 itself has the function of radio frequency shielding. Therefore, the metal mounting base plate 3 is a multifunctional component integrating antenna grounding, radio frequency shielding, power heat dissipation and conduction, and mounting carrier.

[0030] Understandably, when the antenna system is working, the coaxial cable of receiving antenna 2 is connected to the low-noise amplifier of the listening and identification unit; the coaxial cable of jamming antenna 1 is connected to the power output terminal of the electromagnetic interference unit.

[0031] In one embodiment, the receiving antenna 2 is specifically improved. The receiving antenna 2 covers the 900MHz-6GHz frequency band and adopts a single-layer planar multi-level composite resonant ultra-wideband slotted antenna structure with left and right mirror symmetry of the central axis.

[0032] The receiving antenna 2 includes: a dielectric substrate, a radiating patch layer, a ground layer, and a feeding network; the dielectric substrate is a flat plate structure with a first surface and a second surface, the first radiating patch layer is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and slotted radiating elements are etched on the first radiating patch layer, the ground layer is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the ground layer is close to the interference attack antenna 1, and the feeding network is disposed at the bottom center of the dielectric substrate for feeding in and feeding out radio frequency signals.

[0033] Specifically, the slot radiation unit includes: a main coupling rectangular annular groove 202, a low-frequency extending rectangular slot 201, and a U-shaped gradient slot 203; there are four low-frequency extending rectangular slots 201, which are distributed at the four corners of the main coupling rectangular annular groove 202; there are two U-shaped gradient slots 203, which are distributed below the main coupling rectangular annular groove 202 and are symmetrically distributed along the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer. The openings of the U-shaped gradient slots 203 face downwards, and the adjacent inner ends are connected. The adjacent inner ends of the two U-shaped gradient slots 203 together form a central feed channel located on the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer, which is used to optimize impedance matching in the high-frequency band.

[0034] For example, the specific structural design of a receiving antenna 2: The FR4 dielectric substrate (size: 44mm×18mm×0.762mm) is used, and the whole is a rectangular planar thin plate structure. The surface of the FR4 dielectric substrate is etched with a metal radiation slot array to form a radiation patch layer. A coaxial coupling power supply port is set at the bottom center position. The inner coaxial conductor realizes signal excitation, and the outer coaxial conductor is electrically connected to the metal mounting base plate 3.

[0035] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the radiative slotting structure of the radiative patch layer is as follows: The radiating pattern is entirely etched onto the surface of the FR4 dielectric substrate (copper-clad laminate), such as... Figure 4 As shown, it consists of three layers of resonant units, all of which are symmetrically designed: 1. Low-frequency extension rectangular slots 201 are set at the four corners of the upper part: There are a total of 4 low-frequency extension rectangular slots 201, which are symmetrically arranged at the four corners; function: to lower the minimum operating frequency of the antenna to 900MHz, and solve the problem of poor low-frequency performance of traditional slot antennas, which requires increasing the size of the substrate. 2. Central main coupling large rectangular annular groove 202: The central main coupling large rectangular annular groove 202 is arranged as the energy core coupling area to optimize impedance matching in the mid-frequency band 1.4GHz–4GHz; 3. Lower symmetrical U-shaped gradient slots 203: Two sets of U-shaped gradient slots 203 are symmetrical along the vertical central axis, and the central feed channel is coaxially set at the bottom; function: smoothing 5-6GHz high-frequency standing waves, eliminating high-frequency resonance peaks, and achieving ultra-wideband without the need for additional substrate lengthening.

[0036] Improved layout: All resonant units are stacked compactly vertically and mirror-symmetrically on the left and right sides, with no extra blank substrate area, maximizing the use of the limited 44mm×18mm board surface and achieving extreme size compression; the feed point falls on the axis of symmetry to ensure 360° omnidirectional reception on the horizontal plane.

[0037] Understandably, external radio frequency electromagnetic waves are captured by receiving antenna 2 through slot coupling and conducted to the coaxial feed port via the central feed channel. During reverse excitation, the coaxial feed signal excites the central feed channel, synchronously coupling and exciting the rectangular resonant slot 201 of the low-frequency extension and the U-shaped tapered slot 203 of the U-shaped tapered slot 203. Multiple sets of rectangular slots are responsible for low-frequency resonant extension, reducing the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the antenna; the U-shaped tapered slot optimizes high-frequency impedance matching; relying on the stable dielectric constant characteristics of the FR4 substrate, multiple resonant units work together to achieve continuous ultra-wideband impedance matching.

[0038] Conventional ultra-wideband slot antennas require a substrate of ≥50mm to cover 900MHz. This solution uses multi-level composite symmetrical slotting, reducing the substrate size to only 44mm×18mm, while achieving omnidirectional detection without dead angles.

[0039] This receiving antenna 2 can achieve omnidirectional radio frequency signal reception. During solo field operations, there's no need for soldiers to repeatedly rotate the equipment to aim at the target; it can stably capture the communication signals of intruding drones from any direction, resulting in high efficiency for emergency field reconnaissance operations. The antenna operates in a 900MHz–6GHz ultra-wideband continuous coverage band, completely encompassing all communication frequencies of mainstream consumer-grade and modified drone remote control and image transmission devices, eliminating any frequency band detection blind spots. In actual use, once a drone enters the device's detection range from any direction, the receiving antenna can pick up its wireless radio frequency signal and transmit it to the listening signal processing board via a coaxial cable. Under normal operating conditions, the device can complete target identification and provide detection prompts. The entire device has achieved effective reception and detection of communication signals from the vast majority of drone models on the market.

[0040] In one embodiment, the jamming antenna 1 is specifically improved by etching two symmetrical exponentially graded slots 101 on a dielectric substrate. The two exponentially graded slots 101 smoothly widen upward from the bottom feed point, and electromagnetic wave directional radiation is achieved by relying on the slot aperture. It includes a first dielectric substrate, a second radiating patch layer, and a second dielectric substrate. The second radiating patch layer is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate. The side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a first ground layer, and the side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a second ground layer. Two exponentially graded Vivaldi slots 101 are etched on the second radiating patch layer.

[0041] Both exponentially graded Vivaldi slots 101 smoothly expand outwards along an exponential curve from the bottom feed point, forming an end-firing slot radiation structure; and the exponentially graded Vivaldi slots 101 have the following characteristics: slot shape: smoothly expands upwards along an exponential curve from a narrow bottom feed gap to a wide fan-shaped opening; symmetrical layout on both sides: the Vivaldi radiation arms of the two exponentially graded Vivaldi slots 101 form a balanced opposing structure; matching stub below: a rectangular impedance matching stub 102 is attached to the root of the Vivaldi arm of each exponentially graded Vivaldi slot 101.

[0042] A differential coaxial coupling feed pad is set at the bottom center of the second radiating patch layer for soldering SMP-JYD semi-escapement straight male RF connectors to access high-power RF interference signals.

[0043] For example, the specific structural design of an interference attack antenna 1: The symmetrical dual Vivaldi ultrawideband directional slot antenna (surface size: 50×42mm) is made of two layers of Rogers RO4350 high-frequency microwave board sandwiched with an intermediate metal radiating patch. An FR4 dielectric board can be added as an outer protective cover according to the protection requirements. The FR4 cover is optional and can be omitted.

[0044] Core inner structure: Two Rogers RO4350 high-frequency dielectric substrates sandwich an intermediate metal radiating pattern layer. The intermediate metal radiating pattern layer is etched with two sets of symmetrical exponentially gradient Vivaldi slot 101 metal radiating patches. The two metal radiating pattern layers smoothly expand outward from the bottom feed point along an exponential curve, forming an end-fire slot radiating structure. A differential coaxial coupling feed pad is set at the bottom center for soldering an SMP-JYD semi-escapement straight male RF connector to receive high-power RF interference signals. The bottom surface of the two RO4350 substrates is copper-clad as the antenna RF reference ground, and a ring of metallized grounding vias is also set around the edge. A clearance slot is only opened at the feed position to prevent short circuits and avoid short circuits between the inner conductor of the feed and the ground plane.

[0045] A pair of exponentially gradient Vivaldi grooves are made in perfect mirror symmetry along the vertical central axis: 1) Slot morphology: It gradually expands from a narrow feed gap at the bottom to a wide fan-shaped opening by a smooth exponential curve, which is a typical traveling wave gradual slot radiation mechanism; 2) Symmetrical layout on both sides: The two Vivaldi radiating arms on the left and right sides form a balanced opposing structure to cancel lateral clutter, enhance the directional radiation gain in the axial direction, and the beam points vertically upward (end-firing radiation). 3) Lower matching stub: Each Vivaldi arm has a rectangular impedance matching stub attached to its root for low-frequency impedance compensation, extending the lowest operating frequency of the antenna and achieving ultra-wideband continuous matching.

[0046] Understandably, the symmetrical exponentially tapered Vivaldi radiating arms have been improved. The two radiating arms smoothly expand outward from the bottom feed point along the exponential curve, replacing the traditional linear tapered slot. The exponential curve optimizes impedance matching across the entire frequency band, allowing coverage of the 900MHz low frequency without increasing the board area. The root impedance matching stub has been improved, with a rectangular stub added to the bottom of each Vivaldi arm to specifically compensate for the 900MHz low-frequency impedance, avoiding low-frequency standing wave degradation and eliminating the need for an additional low-frequency auxiliary antenna. The three-layer laminated integrated structure has been improved, with the upper and lower dielectric boards fully copper-plated and grounded, and a row of metallized vias along the edges conducting the ground layer to shield back radiation, eliminating the need for an additional metal shielding plate and further reducing the size. It also features a built-in self-balancing balun feed, a bottom center SMP differential bottom feed structure, and coaxial inner and outer conductors directly matching the balanced radiating arms, eliminating the need for external balun components, reducing the number of assembled parts and saving space.

[0047] The design concept of this application is to minimize the size of the receiving and jamming antennas while meeting the requirements of the 900MHz-6GHz frequency band. It independently improves the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 to meet the requirements of integrated installation, and achieves an isolated synchronous transmission and reception mechanism through a T-shaped orthogonal detachable layout of the receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1.

[0048] In actual product testing, the detection range was 0-1.5km; the countermeasure range was ≤500m (affected by the distance between the pilot and the drone).

[0049] The mainstream handheld drone jamming guns on the market use multi-group discrete vertical Yagi antennas, covering only three discrete frequency bands: 1.5GHz, 2.4GHz, and 5.8GHz. The representative solution structure is as follows: a single 1.5GHz Yagi dielectric board with a total length of 485mm, with 1 reflector, 1 active element, and 14 directors arranged in a vertical line, and the multi-band antennas are arranged in series and superimposed.

[0050] Table 1 below is a comparison table between the traditional discrete Yagi jamming gun and the solution of the present invention.

[0051]

[0052] Table 1 Example

[0053] This invention provides an anti-drone device, including a main body and the detection and jamming antenna described in Embodiment 1. The detection and jamming antenna includes a receiving antenna 2, a jamming antenna 1, and a metal mounting base 3. The receiving antenna 2 and the jamming antenna 1 are respectively fixedly mounted on the metal mounting base 3, and the two are arranged in a T-shape.

[0054] The metal mounting base 3 is connected to one side of the main body of the device via an antenna bracket. The main body of the device houses a listening and identification unit and an electromagnetic interference unit. The receiving antenna 2 is connected to the listening and identification unit via a first radio frequency connection cable, used for omnidirectional reception of UAV radio frequency signals in space; the interference antenna 1 is connected to the electromagnetic interference unit via a second radio frequency connection cable, used for directional transmission of radio frequency interference signals to the target UAV based on the target's location identified by the listening and identification unit.

[0055] In one embodiment, the detection and jamming antenna is rotated and mounted on one side of the main body of the device. The operator can manually or automatically rotate it according to the direction of the incoming drone, for example, at an angle of 90°-180°, so that the main lobe of the jamming antenna 1 is aligned with the target drone, thereby further improving the utilization efficiency of jamming energy and the counter-attack power. At the same time, the receiving antenna 2 rotates with the bracket, and its 360° omnidirectional receiving characteristics in the horizontal plane are not affected by the rotation, ensuring that the drone signal in the space can be stably detected at any angle.

[0056] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A detection and jamming antenna for portable unmanned aerial vehicles, characterized in that, include: The receiving antenna (2), the jamming antenna (1), and the metal mounting base plate (3) are provided. The receiving antenna (2) and the jamming antenna (1) are both vertically fixed on one side of the metal mounting base plate (3), and the receiving antenna (2) and the jamming antenna (1) are arranged in a "T" shape. The receiving antenna (2) includes: a dielectric substrate, a radiating patch layer, a ground layer, and a feeding network; the dielectric substrate is a flat plate structure with a first surface and a second surface, the first radiating patch layer is disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate, and slotted radiating elements are etched on the first radiating patch layer, the ground layer is disposed on the second surface of the dielectric substrate, the ground layer is close to the interference antenna (1), and the feeding network is disposed at the bottom center of the dielectric substrate for feeding in and feeding out radio frequency signals; The jamming antenna (1) includes: a first dielectric substrate, a second radiating patch layer, and a second dielectric substrate; the second radiating patch layer is disposed between the first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate, the side of the first dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a first ground layer, and the side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second radiating patch layer is covered with a second ground layer; two exponentially gradient Vivaldi slots (101) are etched on the second radiating patch layer.

2. The detection and jamming antenna for a portable unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slot radiation unit includes: a main coupling rectangular annular groove (202), a low-frequency extension rectangular slot (201), and a U-shaped gradient slot (203); there are four low-frequency extension rectangular slots (201), which are distributed at the four corners of the main coupling rectangular annular groove (202); there are two U-shaped gradient slots (203), which are distributed below the main coupling rectangular annular groove (202) and are symmetrically distributed along the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer. The openings of the U-shaped gradient slots (203) face downwards, and the inner adjacent ends are connected. The inner adjacent ends of the two U-shaped gradient slots (203) together form a central feed channel located on the vertical central axis of the first radiation patch layer, which is used to optimize impedance matching in the high-frequency band.

3. The detection and jamming antenna for portable unmanned aerial vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two exponentially gradient Vivaldi slots (101) extend smoothly outward from the bottom feed point along the exponential curve to form an end-firing slot radiation structure.

4. The detection and jamming antenna for portable UAVs according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two exponentially gradient Vivaldi grooves (101) have the following characteristics: Slot shape: It gradually expands from a narrow bottom feed slot to a wide fan-shaped opening by a smooth exponential curve; symmetrical layout on both sides: The Vivaldi radiating arms of the two exponentially tapered Vivaldi slots (101) form a balanced opposing structure; matching stub below: A rectangular impedance matching stub (102) is attached to the root of the Vivaldi arm of each exponentially tapered Vivaldi slot (101).

5. The detection and jamming antenna for a portable unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first ground layer and the second ground layer are connected by a metallized via at the edge of the interference strike antenna (1).

6. The detection and jamming antenna for a portable unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the jamming antenna (1) is provided with an FR4 dielectric protective cover.

7. The detection and jamming antenna for a portable unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal mounting base plate (3) is provided with positioning slots corresponding to the receiving antenna (2) and the jamming antenna (1).

8. The detection and jamming antenna for a portable unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A differential coaxial coupling feed pad is provided at the bottom center of the second radiating patch layer for soldering an SMP-JYD semi-escapement straight male RF connector to access high-power RF interference signals.

9. An anti-drone device, characterized in that, include: The main body of the device and the detection and jamming antenna as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The anti-drone device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The detection and jamming antenna is rotatably mounted on one side of the main body of the device.

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