Ground wire ice melting complete-process matched monitoring system and monitoring method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power transmission line operation and maintenance, and provides a ground wire ice melting whole-process matching monitoring system which can directly and clearly observe the internal real state of equipment at each key node of ice melting operation. The system comprises a front-end sensing layer, three sets of special observation devices for monitoring the opening and closing state of a grounding switch, the contact state of a power taking switch and a power taking clamp, and the homing and locking state of the power taking switch; a platform layer for receiving and analyzing data transmitted by the front-end sensing layer, generating control instructions, and realizing remote monitoring, equipment management, diagnosis and alarm, and data analysis; and a transmission layer for realizing data transmission between the front-end sensing layer and the platform layer. The application also provides a ground wire ice melting whole-process matching monitoring method using the monitoring system, which can realize closed-loop visualized management and control of all nodes of ground wire ice melting operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power transmission line operation and maintenance technology, and in particular to a monitoring system and method for the entire process of de-icing operations on the ground wire of a high-voltage power transmission line. Background Technology

[0002] Ice accumulation on power transmission lines can trigger serious power accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out ground wire de-icing operations in a timely manner during the icing period to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The automatic ground wire de-icing connection device is the core equipment for de-icing operations. In the entire de-icing process, the reliable contact between the power supply switch and the power supply device, the reliable opening and closing of the grounding switch, and the reliable return and locking of the power supply switch after operation are the key points that determine the safety and efficiency of the de-icing operation.

[0003] Currently, the status assessment of the aforementioned nodes mainly relies on two technical solutions: manual verification and image monitoring. Manual verification requires maintenance personnel to perform high-altitude tower operations in harsh environments such as icing and heavy fog. This is not only physically demanding but also carries significant safety risks such as falls from heights and frostbite. Furthermore, this method is time-consuming, severely delaying de-icing operations and preventing the timely elimination of line icing hazards. While image monitoring avoids personnel climbing, it presents two problems: first, many observation points are concealed or located inside equipment, and the cameras on the tower side can only make indirect and blurry judgments, easily leading to misjudgments or missed judgments; second, icing periods are often accompanied by harsh environments such as heavy fog, low temperatures, and low nighttime illumination, making the lenses easily obscured by ice, snow, or fog, resulting in unreliable image quality and extremely low monitoring reliability, seriously affecting the safe conduct of de-icing operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a complete monitoring system for the entire ground wire de-icing process, capable of directly and clearly observing the actual internal status of equipment at each key node of the de-icing operation. This application also proposes a monitoring method for the entire ground wire de-icing process using this monitoring system, enabling closed-loop, visualized control of all nodes in the ground wire de-icing operation.

[0005] A ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring system according to a first aspect embodiment of this application includes: The front-end sensing layer includes a first observation device, a second observation device, and a third observation device. The first observation device is located at the grounding switch, and its field of view covers the opening and closing joint area of ​​the grounding switch, used to monitor the opening and closing state of the grounding switch. The second observation device is embedded in the casing of the power tapper, and its field of view covers the joint area between the power tapper contacts and the power tapper clamp, used to monitor the contact state between the power tapper and the power tapper clamp. The third observation device is located on the protective cover of the power tapper, and its field of view covers the lock area of ​​the switch, used to monitor the return and lock status of the power tapper. The platform layer is used to receive and analyze the data transmitted by the front-end perception layer and to generate control commands. The transport layer is used to enable data transmission between the front-end perception layer and the platform layer.

[0006] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring system according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: by designing the installation positions and methods of three sets of dedicated observation devices, it is possible to directly monitor the core monitoring area inside the equipment, replacing traditional manual or indirect external observation, which not only avoids personal safety risks, but also eliminates the risk of misjudgment and omission from the root; by designing the platform layer and transmission layer, a system architecture for monitoring the entire process of ground wire de-icing operation is built, which comprehensively upgrades the operation and maintenance management capabilities and operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are each provided with an adaptive adjustment function module. The adaptive adjustment function module includes at least one of a heating component and a supplementary lighting component disposed at the camera lens. The heating component is used to heat the lens, and the supplementary lighting component is used to supplement the observation area.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are all equipped with an embedded control unit. The embedded control unit includes a data acquisition module and a function call module. The data acquisition module is used to acquire camera image data, environmental condition data, and operating status data of the observation device. The function call module automatically determines based on the control instructions of the platform layer or the environmental condition data, and triggers the adaptive adjustment function module to perform corresponding adjustment actions.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the adaptive adjustment function module of the first observation device further includes a vibration de-icing component disposed at the camera lens. The vibration de-icing component includes a vibration motor, an eccentric vibration block, a first drive motor, and an ice-pushing mechanism. The vibration motor can drive the eccentric vibration block to vibrate, thereby causing the camera lens to vibrate. The first drive motor can drive the ice-pushing mechanism to move relative to the lens surface, thereby breaking the ice covering the lens surface.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the adaptive adjustment function module of the first observation device further includes a cleaning component disposed at the camera lens. The cleaning component includes a second drive motor and a scraping mechanism. The second drive motor can drive the scraping mechanism to scrape off residual ice and water stains on the lens surface.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the transmission layer includes a communication network unit, which is mounted on the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device. The communication network unit interacts with the platform layer via a wireless communication network and has data preprocessing and filtering, local caching, and / or breakpoint resume functions.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the embedded control unit further includes a communication interaction module and a fault self-test protection module. The communication interaction module is used for local device input / output control of the observation device and bidirectional data interaction with the communication network unit. The fault self-test protection module monitors the operating status of the observation device in real time and triggers alarm actions and power-off protection mechanisms when a fault is detected.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device all include an electromagnetic protection structure, including a camera conductive housing, a shielded cable, and an equipotential bonding component, which together with the metal components of the equipment at the corresponding installation location to form an equipotential system.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are all equipped with a power supply unit to achieve independent power supply operation. The power supply unit includes a battery pack and a solar panel. The solar panel can supply power to the battery pack. The second observation device can also supply power to the battery pack through mutual inductance.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the cameras of the second and third observation devices have ultra-short line-of-sight autofocus capabilities, enabling them to clearly capture details within limited installation space and observation distance.

[0016] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring system according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By setting heating components, supplementary lighting components, vibration de-icing components, cleaning components, etc. in the dedicated observation device, relevant functions can be called according to different environmental conditions, solving the pain points of lens icing, frosting, and snow water obstructing imaging at low temperatures. It can also cope with low visibility environments such as night and heavy fog, and can be adapted to extreme environments of -40℃ to 85℃. It can still work normally in scenarios with heavy icing and high-altitude windward surfaces, with long equipment maintenance cycles and high availability during critical periods. 2. By building an embedded control unit in the dedicated observation device, various observation device and environmental data can be collected and various functions can be automatically called according to the built-in program or background instructions. It can also realize equipment self-testing, improving the intelligent automation level of the observation device. 3. By designing the equipotential electromagnetic protection structure of each dedicated observation device, it meets high-level electromagnetic compatibility standards, effectively resists the strong electric field, static electricity and surge interference of high-voltage transmission lines, and can operate stably for a long time in high-voltage scenarios. 4. By designing power supply units and communication network units to match each dedicated observation device, independent power supply operation for field towers is achieved. 5. By installing ultra-short line-of-sight autofocus cameras, the system can clearly capture observation details even in confined installation spaces and limited observation distances, ensuring imaging accuracy and detail recognition. 6. The monitoring system adopts a layered modular design of "front-end perception - network transmission - platform application - architecture support." A visualized backend enables integrated management and control of equipment, monitoring, alarms, and data. A comprehensive safety, scheduling, traceability, and fault-tolerant support system ensures high system security, high availability, and traceability, promoting the digital and intelligent upgrade of transmission line de-icing operations.

[0017] A monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to a second aspect embodiment of this application uses the monitoring system according to the first aspect embodiment described above, and includes the following steps: After the icing warning is issued and the ground wire de-icing operation is initiated, the front-end sensing layer is activated and enters standby mode. During the stage of the power take-off switch leaving the compartment, the second observation device monitors and collects the contact status images between the power take-off switch and the power take-off clamp plate in real time, analyzes the clamp plate fitting distance, and confirms the reliability of the contact. After monitoring the opening status of the grounding switch with the first observation device and confirming that the switch contacts are completely separated and the insulation distance of the break meets the safety specifications, the conductor is energized to start the de-icing process. During the de-icing process, the first and second observation devices continuously monitor the open status of the grounding switch and the contact status of the power supply switch, and trigger an alarm immediately if any abnormality occurs. After the de-icing is completed and the power to the conductor is cut off, the separation status of the power-receiving switch and the clamp is monitored and confirmed by the second observation device. The third observation device monitors the retraction status of the power-taking switch to confirm that the switch is fully retracted into the compartment and the compartment lock is in place. By monitoring the closing status of the grounding switch through the first observation device, it is confirmed that the switch contacts are tightly connected and meet the safety grounding standard, thus completing the closed-loop monitoring of the entire process of ground wire de-icing operation.

[0018] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring method according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: the monitoring system covers all core nodes of the de-icing operation, including "contact-pull-de-ice-separation-return-closing", and all three types of observation devices directly monitor the core monitoring area inside the equipment. The status judgment is accurate and reliable, and the status of each link can be confirmed remotely in seconds. This greatly shortens the time of the entire de-icing operation, speeds up the restoration of power to the line, and significantly improves the efficiency of power grid operation and maintenance.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the monitoring method implements a serial interlocking control mechanism, in which each operation step in the ice melting operation process depends on the status confirmation signal of the previous monitoring node as the execution condition. If the status of any monitoring node is abnormal, the execution of the entire process is immediately blocked, and skipping steps is not allowed.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, when an abnormal state is detected for the first time in the monitoring method, the action is automatically repeated for a preset number of times. If it is still determined to be unqualified, the ice melting process is directly terminated, an alarm is triggered, and the data of the observation device at the abnormal moment is saved.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, all monitoring data of the front-end sensing layer is synchronously uploaded to the platform layer to display the operating status of the disconnector in real time, and the verification judgment results, action time and status records of each verification are archived and stored for subsequent disconnector reliability inspection and traceability.

[0022] According to some embodiments of this application, after the icing warning is issued and the ground wire de-icing operation is initiated, the front-end sensing layer is activated to enter a standby state, including: the first observation device activates a graded collaborative anti-freezing mechanism, including the following steps: the monitoring system collects environmental condition data in real time, including ambient temperature T and ambient humidity H; when T and / or H meet the threshold setting, the heating component is activated for preheating to prevent lens frost or ice formation; the lens is detected in real time for icing, and if icing occurs, a graded de-icing process is initiated: first, heating de-icing is performed, by heating the lens to make the lens temperature t reach the de-icing temperature threshold; then, mechanical ice-breaking action is performed, the vibrating de-icing component causes the lens to vibrate while pushing the ice layer on the lens surface to break and peel off the ice layer on the lens surface; then, the wiper is used to scrape away the ice, and the cleaning component moves to scrape away residual ice water stains on the lens surface; when T and / or t reach the heating exit temperature threshold, heating is stopped.

[0023] According to some embodiments of this application, in the graded collaborative anti-freezing mechanism, the heating component adopts a segmented stepped heating control logic, including: when the heating component starts preheating, the heating power gradually increases from 0 to a specified power to achieve a gentle temperature rise buffer for the low-temperature lens; when heating to defrost, it continues to work at the rated power to quickly raise the lens temperature to the defrosting temperature threshold; when the heating power reaches the specified power or the lens temperature reaches the defrosting temperature threshold, the PID closed-loop temperature control algorithm is switched to stably control the lens temperature within the target temperature range.

[0024] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring method according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By implementing a serial interlocking control mechanism, each step of the process relies on the "qualified signal" of the previous-level observation device as the release condition, preventing omissions and skipping steps, eliminating safety hazards, and greatly improving the safety of de-icing operations. 2. By designing qualified judgment, verification mechanisms and abnormal handling rules for each monitoring node, the problem of misjudgment in single monitoring is effectively avoided. At the same time, it can also handle unrecoverable abnormal conditions in a timely manner, ensuring operational safety. All monitoring data are synchronously archived and stored, realizing full-process traceability of the operation and providing data support for subsequent equipment maintenance and operation optimization. 3. By designing a graded collaborative anti-freezing mechanism for the first observation device, layered and progressive de-icing protection can be achieved for low-temperature icing environments, taking into account both prevention and treatment. It can preheat to prevent lens icing and thoroughly clean the ice layer after icing through a combination of heating-pushing-scraping process, ensuring clear lens imaging and allowing the monitoring device to stably output reliable monitoring data even in harsh icing environments. 4. By designing a segmented, stepped heating control logic, we can avoid lens cracking due to sudden heating in low-temperature environments, thus extending the lifespan of the device. We can also ensure de-icing efficiency, quickly achieve the temperature control target, reduce energy consumption, and avoid electricity consumption caused by ineffective heating.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the locations of three dedicated observation devices in a monitoring system according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the first observation device in a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the camera structure of the first observation device of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Sectional view of surface A; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the second observation device in a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a top view of the location of the second observation device, power supply, and power switch of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 BB side section view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the camera and electromagnetic protection structure of the second observation device of the monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the third observation device in a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the camera, a third observation device of a monitoring system according to an embodiment of this application, and a partial cross-sectional view. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system architecture according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the entire process monitoring of ground wire de-icing operation according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the first observation device initiating a graded and coordinated anti-freezing mechanism according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Reference numerals: 100, First observation device; 110, Heating assembly; 120, Supplemental lighting assembly; 130, Vibration de-icing assembly; 131, Ice pushing mechanism; 132, Eccentric vibrating block; 133, Vibration motor; 140, Cleaning assembly; 141, Scraping mechanism; 142, Second drive motor; 150, First lens; 160, Horizontal rotation assembly; 170, Pitch swing assembly; 180, Base; 200, Second observation device; 210, Automatic heating assembly; 220, Second lens; 230, Infrared supplemental light; 240, Equipotential bonding point; 250, Cable. Shielding layer; 260, Metal aviation connector; 270, Power supply unit; 271, Solar panel; 272, Battery pack; 273, Mutual inductor tap; 300, Third observation device; 310, Camera housing; 320, Heating unit; 330, Third lens; 340, Supplemental lighting unit; 350, Photosensitive element; 360, Ambient temperature and humidity meter; 370, Flexible cantilever buckle; 400, Grounding switch; 410, Grounding switch mounting angle steel; 500, Power tap; 510, Power tap contact; 600, Tap; 610, Tap clamp; 700, Power tap protective cover. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0029] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if directional descriptions are involved, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating the directional or positional relationship based on the directional or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, it is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0030] In the description of this application, if words such as several, greater than, less than, exceeding, above, below, or within appear, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc. are understood to exclude the number itself, and "above," "below," "within," etc. are understood to include the number itself.

[0031] In the description of this application, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0032] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0033] According to an embodiment of this application, a ground wire de-icing full-process supporting monitoring system is provided, combined with... Figure 1-11 As shown, it includes: The front-end sensing layer includes three sets of dedicated observation devices, whose distribution locations on the towers are referenced. Figure 1 As shown. Three sets of dedicated monitoring devices are used to monitor the opening and closing status of the grounding switch 400, the contact status between the power take-up switch 500 and the power take-up clamp 610, and the return and locking status of the power take-up switch 500. The specific locations and quantities of the three sets of dedicated monitoring devices on the tower are as follows: A first observation device 100 is installed on the power pole, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first observation device 100 is installed at the location of the grounding switch 400 on the tower side, with its observation field directly aligned with the opening and closing joint area of ​​the grounding switch 400. Two second observation devices 200 are respectively installed on both sides of the power tower. Figure 5As shown, the second observation device 200 is embedded in the casing of the conductor-side power take-up device 600, and its field of view directly covers the joint area between the power take-up switch contact 510 and the power take-up device clamp 610. Two third observation devices 300 are respectively installed at two locations on the power pole, as shown... Figure 9 As shown, the third observation device 300 is installed on the outer shell of the power take-off switch protective cover 700 on the side of the pole, and its observation field is directly aimed at the locked area of ​​the switch.

[0034] The platform layer receives and analyzes data transmitted from the front-end perception layer and generates control commands. In some embodiments of this application, the platform layer includes a visual operation and maintenance backend for remote monitoring, device management, diagnostic alarms, and data analysis. The visual operation and maintenance backend can be located in a dedicated computer room or in various forms such as a single-soldier tablet.

[0035] The transport layer is used to enable bidirectional data transmission between the front-end perception layer and the platform layer.

[0036] According to some embodiments of this application, the monitoring system also includes a support layer, which is a common support architecture for the system and provides basic capabilities such as task scheduling, security protection, log tracing, and fault tolerance and redundancy for the entire monitoring system.

[0037] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring system according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: by designing the installation positions and methods of three sets of dedicated observation devices, it is possible to directly monitor the core monitoring area inside the equipment, replacing traditional manual or indirect external observation, which not only avoids personal safety risks, but also eliminates the risk of misjudgment and omission from the root; by designing a visualized operation and maintenance backend and transmission layer, a system architecture for monitoring the entire process of ground wire de-icing operation is built, which comprehensively upgrades the operation and maintenance management capabilities and efficiency.

[0038] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are each provided with an adaptive adjustment function module. The adaptive adjustment function module includes a heating component and a supplementary lighting component disposed at the camera lens of each observation device. The heating component can heat the lens under low temperature and frost conditions, and the supplementary lighting component can provide supplementary lighting to the observation area under low visibility conditions.

[0039] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are all equipped with an embedded control unit. The embedded control unit includes a data acquisition module and a function call module. The data acquisition module is used to collect camera image data, environmental condition data, and operating status data of the observation device. The function call module automatically judges based on the control instructions of the visual operation and maintenance background or based on the collected environmental condition data, and triggers the adaptive adjustment function module to perform corresponding adjustment actions.

[0040] The “belonging observation device” mentioned above refers to a first, second, or third observation device that is configured with the data acquisition module and the embedded control unit.

[0041] According to some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 2 As shown, a camera of the first observation device 100 is fixed on the angle steel 410 of the grounding switch, with the center of the camera's field of view located on the opening and closing joint surface of the grounding switch 400. (Reference) Figure 3 As shown, the camera of the first observation device 100 of this application is provided with a horizontal rotation component 160 at the bottom and a pitch swing component 170 on the side. After the first observation device 100 is installed on the angle steel, the horizontal and pitch angles can be automatically and finely adjusted according to the actual position of the opening and closing joint surface of the grounding switch 400, so that the center of the field of view is always accurately aligned, ensuring the observation quality and eliminating the need for manual adjustment.

[0042] refer to Figure 3 As shown, the adaptive adjustment module of the camera in the first observation device 100 includes a heating component 110 located at the first lens 150 and a supplementary lighting component 120 located above the lens. The camera lens of the first observation device 100 is equipped with a wide field of view lens and an infrared supplementary light, which is suitable for low visibility scenes such as night and heavy fog, and can clearly capture the details of the opening and closing seam of the knife switch.

[0043] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in some embodiments of this application, the adaptive adjustment function module of the camera in the first observation device 100 further includes a vibration de-icing assembly 130 for mechanical ice breaking, disposed at the camera lens. The vibration de-icing assembly 130 includes a vibration motor 133, an eccentric vibration block 132, a first drive motor, and an ice-pushing mechanism 131. The vibration motor 133 can drive the eccentric vibration block 132 to vibrate, thereby causing the camera lens to vibrate. The first drive motor is a high-torque motor, which can drive the ice-pushing mechanism 131 to move relative to the surface of the first lens 150 to break the ice covering the lens surface. The ice-pushing mechanism can be configured as a pin, push rod, or push block, etc., on the circumferential side of the outer surface of the lens. The high-torque motor is connected to the ice-pushing mechanism through a transmission mechanism. This application does not specifically limit the structure of the ice-pushing mechanism and the transmission mechanism.

[0044] According to some embodiments of this application, the adaptive adjustment function module of the camera in the first observation device 100 further includes a cleaning component 140 disposed at the camera lens. The cleaning component 140 includes a second drive motor 142 and a scraping mechanism 141. The second drive motor 142 is connected to the scraping mechanism 141 through a transmission mechanism. The scraping mechanism 141 has a structure such as a cleaning cotton or cleaning cloth, and can be based on a design similar to a windshield wiper on a car. This application does not specifically limit this design. The second drive motor can drive the scraping mechanism to remove residual ice and water stains from the surface of the first lens 150. The adaptive adjustment function module automatically triggers functions such as lens heating, supplementary lighting, mechanical ice breaking, and windshield wiper ice removal based on background instructions or environmental thresholds.

[0045] According to some embodiments of this application, the viewing window glass of the camera of the first observation device 100 is designed with passive protection, and a hydrophobic coating is applied to the surface to allow rainwater and water droplets to slide off quickly, thereby reducing the use of the swiping mechanism.

[0046] According to some embodiments of this application, the first observation device 100 camera has a three-level collaborative anti-freezing design, equipped with "lens heating (heating component 110 to prevent ice melting) + mechanical ice breaking (vibration de-icing component 130 to break and peel off thick ice layers) + windshield wiper ice scraping (cleaning component 140 to clean residual ice and water stains)," forming a complete anti-freezing closed loop of "prevention-breaking-cleaning." By setting heating components, supplementary lighting components, de-icing components, and cleaning components in the dedicated observation device, relevant functions can be called according to different environmental conditions, solving the pain points of lens icing, frosting, and snow and water obstructing imaging at low temperatures. It can also cope with low visibility environments such as night and heavy fog, and can be adapted to extreme environments of -40℃ to +85℃. It can still work normally in scenarios with heavy icing and high-altitude windward surfaces, with a long equipment maintenance cycle and high availability during critical periods.

[0047] According to some embodiments of this application, the first, second, and third observation devices all include electromagnetic protection structures, including a camera conductive housing, shielded cables, and equipotential bonding components, which together with the metal components of the equipment at the corresponding installation locations to form an equipotential system. For example, the camera body of the first observation device 100 uses a high-strength aluminum alloy housing, the transmission cable has a built-in shielded braided mesh, and the matching wiring connector is made of aluminum alloy. The entire structure, together with the grounding switch, forms a complete equipotential system, meeting high-level electromagnetic compatibility standards and effectively resisting the strong electric field, static electricity, and surge interference of high-voltage transmission lines, enabling long-term stable operation in high-voltage scenarios.

[0048] According to some embodiments of this application, the transmission layer includes a communication network unit, which is mounted on the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device. The communication network unit interacts with the platform layer's visual operation and maintenance backend through a wireless communication network. The communication network unit has functions such as data preprocessing and filtering, local caching and breakpoint resume transmission, and device communication status monitoring.

[0049] According to some embodiments of this application, the first, second, and third observation devices are all equipped with power supply units. Each power supply unit includes a battery bank and a solar panel. The solar panel supplies power to the battery bank, enabling the three dedicated observation devices to operate independently with power to the field towers. By designing power supply units and communication network units for each dedicated observation device, independent power supply operation for the field towers is achieved.

[0050] According to some embodiments of this application, the embedded control unit further includes a communication interaction module and a fault self-check protection module. The communication interaction module is used for local device input / output control of the affiliated observation device and bidirectional data interaction with the communication network unit. The fault self-check protection module monitors the operating status of the affiliated observation device in real time and triggers alarm actions and power-off protection mechanisms when a fault is detected. By embedding the embedded control unit in each dedicated observation device, various device and environmental data can be collected and various functions can be automatically invoked according to built-in programs or visual operation and maintenance background instructions. It can also realize device self-checking, thereby improving the intelligence and automation level of the observation device.

[0051] In summary, according to other embodiments of this application, the preferred core parameters of the first observation device 100 are as follows: a) Effective pixels: not less than 3 million; b) Depth of field: 80mm to infinity; c) Field of view: ≥90°; d) Supplemental light: infrared supplemental light; e) Heating power: ≥25W; f) Operating temperature: -40℃ to +85℃; g) Compliant with GB / T 17626.2-2018 "Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing and Measurement Technology - Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test" Level 4 standard; h) Compliant with GB / T 17626.5-2008 "Electromagnetic Compatibility Testing and Measurement Technology - Surge (Impulse) Immunity Test" Level 4 standard.

[0052] Combination Figures 5-8As shown, the camera of the second observation device 200 is embedded in the housing of the conductor-side power tap 600, and its field of view directly covers the contact area between the power tap contact 510 and the power tap clamp 610. The camera of the second observation device 200 supports ultra-short line-of-sight autofocus, with a minimum imaging distance of 45mm, adapting to the limited installation space and observation distance inside the power tap 600. Even at the limited depth of embedded installation, it can still clearly capture the contact details of the moving power tap contact 510 and the power tap clamp 610, ensuring the imaging accuracy and detail recognition of the contact state observation.

[0053] According to some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 8 As shown, the camera of the second observation device 200 integrates automatic supplemental lighting and lens self-heating functions. It includes an automatic heating component 210 on the outer shell of the second lens 220, and multiple sets of infrared supplemental lights 230 on the outer side of the second lens 220. These multiple supplemental lights can actively provide illumination in low-visibility environments such as nighttime and heavy fog, penetrating fog to improve image clarity. The lens self-heating component can actively defrost and de-ice in low-temperature environments, preventing icing and frost buildup on the lens surface from obstructing the light path. This dual design enables all-weather, all-climate high-definition observation in the switch-on state.

[0054] According to some embodiments of this application, the second observation device 200 is adapted to the equipotential electromagnetic protection design for high-voltage scenarios: the camera body adopts a high-strength aluminum alloy shell, which is connected to the housing of the power take-off device 600 through the equipotential bonding point 240. The transmission cable has a built-in cable shielding layer 250, and the matching wiring connector is also made of aluminum alloy metal connector 260. The entire structure can form a complete equipotential system together with the metal housing of the power take-off device, effectively resisting the strong electric field, static electricity and surge interference of high-voltage transmission lines, matching high-level electromagnetic compatibility standards, and ensuring long-term stable and reliable operation of the equipment in high-voltage transmission scenarios.

[0055] According to some embodiments of this application, some swinging mechanisms, such as servos, can be set at the equipotential wiring point 240 of the second observation device 200 camera, so that the camera can be swinged and finely adjusted at a certain angle after being embedded, so as to ensure the field of view is aligned.

[0056] According to some embodiments of this application, reference is made to Figure 5As shown, the second observation device 200 is located on the conductor side, and its power supply unit 270 includes a battery pack 272 and a solar panel 271, which can continuously supply power to the battery pack through the solar panel. According to some other embodiments of this application, the second observation device 200 can also supply power to the battery pack 272 by means of mutual inductance power supply, through a mutual inductor 273 installed on the conductor. This enriches the choice of power supply path, and even if one of the solar panel or the mutual inductor fails, it will not affect the power supply of the second observation device, making the second observation device 200 more suitable for long-term stable independent operation of field towers.

[0057] According to some embodiments of this application, the solar panel 271 is laid on the surface of the casing of the power collector 600 to make full use of the large surface area of ​​the casing of the power collector, reduce the use of redundant equipment and effectively improve the space utilization rate of the second observation device 200. It can also reduce the transmission distance of the solar panel to generate electricity and improve the efficiency of use.

[0058] According to some embodiments of this application, the embedded installation method of the second observation device 200 is as follows: First, measure the overall thickness H of the inner clamp plate of the power collector after it is fixed to the outer shell. Then, drill a 17.5mm round hole on the arc surface of the outer shell at the corresponding position, insert a high-temperature resistant silicone I-shaped protective coil, and insert the dedicated camera into the protective coil to the limit depth. Fix the cable with an R-type wire clamp, and use a matching equipotential terminal to achieve equipotential connection between the camera shielding layer and the power collector. Finally, connect the cable to the communication network unit to complete the installation.

[0059] In summary, based on some embodiments of this application, the preferred core performance parameters of the second observation device 200 are as follows: a) Effective pixels: not less than 5 million, with a maximum supported resolution of 2592. 1944; b) Depth of field: 45mm to infinity; c) Field of view: ≥78°; d) Fill light: ≥6 PCS, brightness ≥1200 lux; e) Heating power: ≥0.5W; f) Operating temperature: -30℃ to +85℃; g) Complies with GB / T 17626.2-2018 "Electromagnetic compatibility testing and measurement technology - electrostatic discharge immunity test" Level 4 standard; h) Complies with GB / T 17626.5-2008 "Electromagnetic compatibility testing and measurement technology - surge (impulse) immunity test" Level 4 standard.

[0060] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the third observation device 300 is installed on the outer cover of the power switch protective cover 700 on the pole side. A dedicated protective structure is provided on the outside of the camera device installation position on the outer cover. The installation method is as follows: First, make a hole in the outer cover of the power switch protective cover 700, open the inspection cover and install the camera on the inside, and tighten the screws on the outside to fix it. After installation, the camera's field of view is vertically downward, directly aimed at the locked area of ​​the internal power switch.

[0061] According to some embodiments of this application, the camera of the third observation device 300 has a quick-release and quick-installation function design. Both sides of the camera are provided with elastic cantilever buckles 370, which are used to quickly fit and install with the mounting holes inside the outer cover of the power switch protective cover 700, so as to ensure that the position of the third observation device 300 in the holes can be quickly and accurately locked.

[0062] According to some embodiments of this application, the third observation device 300 has an equipotential electromagnetic protection design adapted to high-voltage scenarios: the camera housing 310 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, the transmission cable has a built-in shielded braided mesh, and the matching wiring connector is also made of aluminum alloy; the entire structure can work together with the protective metal housing to form a complete equipotential system, effectively resisting the strong electric field, static electricity and surge interference of high-voltage transmission lines, matching high-level electromagnetic compatibility standards, and ensuring long-term stable and reliable operation of the equipment in high-voltage transmission scenarios.

[0063] According to some embodiments of this application, the camera of the third observation device 300 supports ultra-short distance autofocus imaging, which is suitable for the narrow installation space and limited observation distance inside the power switch protective cover, and can still clearly capture the details of the power switch locking, ensuring imaging accuracy and detail recognition.

[0064] According to some embodiments of this application, the camera of the third observation device 300 integrates automatic fill light and lens self-heating functions, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the third observation device 300's camera has a photosensitive element 350 and a supplementary lighting unit 340 above its third lens 330. The supplementary lighting unit has two supplementary lights that can automatically supplement light based on the photosensitive results in low-visibility environments such as nighttime and heavy fog, penetrating fog to improve image clarity. A heating unit 320 is also provided at the third lens 330 for self-heating of the lens, enabling active defrosting and de-icing in low-temperature environments to prevent icing and frost buildup on the lens surface from obstructing the light path. Furthermore, an ambient temperature and humidity meter 360 is located at the bottom of the camera housing 310 for directly measuring ambient temperature and humidity. Thus, the adaptive adjustment module of the third observation device 300 can automatically trigger lens heating, defrosting, de-icing, and supplementary lighting based on background commands or environmental thresholds measured by the photosensitive element 350 and the ambient temperature and humidity meter 360, achieving all-weather, all-climate high-definition observation even in the switch-on state.

[0065] In summary, according to some embodiments of this application, the main performance parameters of the camera of the third observation device 300 are as follows: a) Effective pixels: not less than 3 million; b) Depth of field: 80mm to infinity; c) Field of view: ≥90°; d) Supplemental light: infrared supplemental light; e) Heating power: ≥15W; f) Operating temperature: -40℃ to +85℃; g) Complies with GB / T 17626.2-2018 "Electromagnetic compatibility testing and measurement technology - electrostatic discharge immunity test" Level 4 standard; h) Complies with GB / T 17626.5-2008 "Electromagnetic compatibility testing and measurement technology - surge (impulse) immunity test" Level 4 standard.

[0066] refer to Figure 11 The schematic diagram of the grounding wire de-icing monitoring system architecture shown illustrates, according to some embodiments of this application, that the communication network unit provides data transmission and link management capabilities for each dedicated front-end observation device. Its core functions include: data preprocessing and filtering: local compression and feature filtering of collected image and status data to reduce bandwidth usage; local caching and breakpoint resumption: local caching of all data in case of network anomalies, automatic breakpoint resumption after network recovery to ensure data integrity; and device communication status monitoring: real-time monitoring of the 4G / 5G communication link status between the front-end and back-end, triggering local alarms and reporting to the back-end when a link is abnormal. The system as a whole uses a 4G / 5G public wireless network to achieve bidirectional data transmission between the tower site and the visualized operation and maintenance back-end. The on-site terminal observation device relies on the 4G / 5G mobile communication network to complete remote data transmission, status reporting, and command issuance with the operation and maintenance back-end. The terminal hardware peripherals integrate rich industrial general interfaces, covering Ethernet, USB, SPI, I2C, RS485, and WIFI to meet the expansion and docking needs of various types of peripherals such as sensor acquisition, measurement and control, and local debugging equipment.

[0067] According to some embodiments of this application, the visualized operation and maintenance backend provides operation and maintenance personnel with a unified management and control entry point. Core functions include: Equipment management: enabling ledger management, parameter configuration, remote upgrades, and batch control of all front-end monitoring devices; Remote monitoring and interaction: real-time retrieval of high-definition images from each monitoring point, remote issuance of equipment control commands, and full-process visualized monitoring of the status of each node in the ice-melting operation; Alarms and fault diagnosis: real-time pop-up alarms for events such as abnormal switch status, equipment hardware failure, communication interruption, and environmental parameter exceeding limits, assisting operation and maintenance personnel in quickly locating faults; Data storage and analysis: full storage of historical images, operational data, and alarm records, supporting ice-melting operation process retrospection, equipment operation trend analysis, and operation and maintenance report generation.

[0068] According to some embodiments of this application, the support layer, i.e., the system's common support architecture, provides basic capability guarantees for the entire platform, comprising four major systems: a real-time task scheduling system: coordinating the scheduling and execution of monitoring tasks and equipment control tasks throughout the entire ice melting operation process, ensuring collaborative operation of multiple nodes; a security protection system: providing security capabilities such as data transmission encryption, hierarchical user permission control, and access operation auditing, ensuring the security of system and business data; a log and traceability system: comprehensively recording the entire process log of system operation, equipment status, and alarm events, supporting operation process review and fault traceability; and a fault tolerance and redundancy system: possessing equipment redundancy backup, data multi-copy backup, and communication link redundancy capabilities, ensuring high availability of the system.

[0069] In summary, the monitoring system adopts a layered and modular design of "front-end perception - network transmission - platform application - architecture support". The visualized back-end realizes integrated management and control of equipment, monitoring, alarms and data. It is equipped with a complete security, scheduling, traceability and fault tolerance support system to ensure high security, high availability and traceability of the system, and promote the upgrading of power transmission line de-icing operations to digital and intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0070] Reference Figure 12 As shown, a ground wire de-icing process monitoring method according to an embodiment of this application uses the aforementioned ground wire de-icing process monitoring system and includes the following steps: After the icing warning was issued and the ground wire de-icing operation was initiated, the three sets of dedicated observation devices in the front-end sensing layer of S1 were put into standby mode.

[0071] S2, during the stage of the power take-off switch leaving the compartment, the second observation device monitors and collects the contact status images of the power take-off switch and the power take-off clamp plate in real time, analyzes the clamp plate fitting distance, and confirms the reliability of the contact.

[0072] S3: After monitoring the opening status of the grounding switch through the first observation device and confirming that the switch contacts are completely separated and the insulation distance of the break meets the safety specifications, the conductor is energized to start the de-icing process.

[0073] S4. During the de-icing process, the first and second observation devices continuously monitor the open status of the grounding switch and the contact status of the power supply switch. If any abnormality occurs, an alarm is triggered immediately.

[0074] S5. After the de-icing is completed and the power to the conductor is cut off, the separation status of the power-receiving switch and the clamp is monitored and confirmed by the second observation device.

[0075] S6 monitors the retraction status of the power-taking switch through the third observation device, confirming that the switch is fully retracted into the compartment and the compartment lock is in place.

[0076] S7 monitors the closing status of the grounding switch through the first observation device, confirms that the switch contacts are tightly connected and meet the safety grounding standard, and completes the closed-loop monitoring of the entire process of ground wire de-icing operation.

[0077] The ground wire de-icing full-process monitoring method according to the above embodiments of this application has at least the following beneficial effects: the monitoring system covers all core nodes of the de-icing operation, including "contact-pull-de-ice-separation-return-closing", and all three types of observation devices directly monitor the core monitoring area inside the equipment. The status judgment is accurate and reliable, and the status of each link can be confirmed remotely in seconds. This greatly shortens the time of the entire de-icing operation, speeds up the restoration of power to the line, and significantly improves the efficiency of power grid operation and maintenance.

[0078] According to some embodiments of this application, the monitoring method implements a serial interlocking control mechanism. Each operation step in the ice melting process depends on the status confirmation signal of the previous monitoring node as the execution condition. If the status of any monitoring node is abnormal, the execution of the entire process is immediately blocked, and skipping steps is not allowed.

[0079] According to some embodiments of this application, when an abnormal state is detected for the first time in the monitoring method, the action is automatically retried a preset number of times, such as a maximum of three times. If it is still determined to be unqualified, the ice melting process is directly terminated, an alarm is triggered, and the data of the observation device at the abnormal moment is saved.

[0080] Specifically, in step S2, during the power take-off switch exiting the compartment, the reliable contact monitoring logic between the power take-off switch and the power take-off clamp plate via the second observation device is as follows: After the power take-off switch exits the compartment and enters the correct position, the device collects the clamp plate contact gap in real time. The pass / fail criterion is that the mechanical clamping gap is ≤ the standard threshold; the verification mechanism is that the power take-off switch must maintain stable contact after it extends to the correct position before the grounding switch opening procedure can be performed; the abnormal handling mechanism is that a visible gap indicates contact failure, the subsequent process is locked, the power take-off switch is triggered to return to the compartment for retry, and if the retry fails after a maximum of 3 attempts, the de-icing process is terminated and an alarm is triggered.

[0081] In step S5, after the ground wire de-icing is completed and the power-off command for the conductor is issued, the second observation device switches to the separation status monitoring mode of the power-taking switch and the power-taking clamp. The monitoring logic is as follows: the qualified judgment standard is that the clamp gap is completely disconnected and the power-taking circuit impedance is in an open circuit state; the verification mechanism is that there is no mechanical contact and the switch is not visible in the field of view; the abnormal handling mechanism is that if the clamp is not completely separated, the separation action is repeated for retry, and the process is directly blocked if the timeout fault occurs.

[0082] Throughout the entire de-icing process, the power supply contact status serves as a hard interlocking condition for the power-on and power-off branches. Contact observation data is uploaded to the backend in real time, and status records are kept for each contact / separation action, forming a reliability ledger for the power supply switch contact.

[0083] In step S3, after the power contact observation is deemed qualified, a grounding switch opening command is issued. The first observation device simultaneously monitors the opening stroke of the switch's moving contact and the insulation distance at the break point. The monitoring logic is as follows: The qualification criteria are that the grounding switch contacts are completely separated, the insulation distance at the break point meets safety specifications, and the grounding circuit is completely disconnected; the verification mechanism is that sufficient safety gap is visible after the opening action is completed before the conductor can be energized to melt the ice; the abnormal handling mechanism is that if the switch is not fully opened or the safety gap is insufficient, it is strictly forbidden to close the switch to melt the ice. The opening operation should be repeated, and after multiple failures, a grounding opening fault should be reported, and the process should be terminated.

[0084] In step S7, after the power take-off switch is fully returned to its storage and the observation is qualified, a command to close the grounding switch is issued. The first observation device collects the contact contact pressure and the grounding circuit continuity impedance. The monitoring logic is as follows: the qualification criterion is that the contacts are tightly fitted and meet the safety grounding standard; the verification mechanism is that there is no gap after the switch is closed stably, ensuring reliable grounding circuit continuity; the abnormal handling mechanism is that if there is a visible gap or no action is taken when closing the switch, the grounding is judged to be in failure, and the switch is continuously retried. Before the standard is met, the process cannot be marked as "ice melting completed", and the fault alarm is forcibly maintained.

[0085] The opening and closing status of the grounding switch is the core interlock for de-icing safety: if the grounding switch is not reliably opened, the system permanently locks the conductor to be energized; if the grounding switch is not reliably closed and returned to its original position, the entire de-icing process cannot be closed and the safety hazard of no grounding is eliminated.

[0086] In step S6, after the power take-up clamp is separated and the open circuit is detected, the power take-up switch retracts into the compartment. The third observation device monitors the travel limit of the switch body and the compartment locking signal. The monitoring logic is as follows: The qualified judgment standard is that the switch is fully retracted into the compartment, the mechanical lock of the compartment is locked in place, and there is no extension or jamming; the verification mechanism is that after the retraction action is completed, the switch locking screen is clearly visible and the limit is completed, and the retraction is determined to be reliable; the abnormal handling mechanism is that if the switch is jammed, not fully retracted, or the compartment lock is not closed, the grounding switch closing procedure is prohibited, the extension-retraction retry logic is automatically executed, and the process is locked after 3 failed retryes, and the switch jamming fault is uploaded.

[0087] The signal from the third observation device is a prerequisite for closing the grounding switch: only after the power take-up switch is confirmed to be completely locked in place can the grounding switch closing command be issued to prevent the risk of electrical short circuit between the extended power take-up switch and the grounding switch.

[0088] According to some embodiments of this application, all monitoring data from the three sets of dedicated observation devices are synchronously uploaded to the visual operation and maintenance backend, which displays the real-time operating status of the disconnector and archives and stores the results of each verification judgment, action time, and status record for subsequent disconnector reliability inspection and traceability.

[0089] By implementing a serial interlocking control mechanism, each step of the process relies on the "qualified signal" from the previous monitoring device as a release condition, preventing missed steps and eliminating safety hazards, thus greatly improving the safety of ice melting operations. By designing qualified judgment, verification mechanisms, and anomaly handling rules for each monitoring node, the problem of misjudgment in a single monitoring session is effectively avoided. At the same time, it can promptly handle unrecoverable abnormal conditions, ensuring operational safety. All monitoring data is synchronously archived and stored, achieving full traceability of the entire operation process and providing data support for subsequent equipment maintenance and operation optimization.

[0090] According to some embodiments of this application, after an icing warning is issued and the ground wire de-icing operation is initiated, three sets of dedicated monitoring devices are activated and placed into standby mode, including: the first monitoring device simultaneously activates a graded and coordinated anti-freezing mechanism. (Reference) Figure 13 As shown, the graded synergistic antifreeze mechanism specifically includes the following steps: S01, the monitoring system collects environmental condition data in real time, including ambient temperature T and ambient humidity H.

[0091] S02, when T and / or H meet the threshold settings, for example when T < 3℃ and H > 75%, the heating component is started to preheat to prevent lens frost or ice formation; if the threshold is not met, the monitoring continues in a loop.

[0092] S03: Real-time detection of lens icing. If icing is detected, a tiered de-icing process is initiated: First, heating de-icing is performed by heating the lens to reach a de-icing temperature threshold (e.g., t ≥ 10℃). Then, mechanical de-icing is executed, vibrating the de-icing assembly to break and peel off the ice layer on the lens surface. Next, the wiper blades are used to scrape away any remaining ice or water residue from the lens surface. If the lens surface is not identified as icy, the preheating process continues.

[0093] According to some embodiments of this application, using deep learning algorithms, the visualization backend can analyze camera footage in real time and automatically identify weather scenes such as rain, snow, fog, and icing. Through continuous optimization of the recognition algorithm using a large AI model, the recognition accuracy under complex weather conditions can reach over 98%. If the scene is identified as rain or snow, only heating or windshield wiper ice removal operations are performed.

[0094] S04, detect when T and / or t reach the heating exit temperature threshold and stop heating. For example, the system will immediately terminate the heating output if any of the following conditions are met: the ambient temperature rises back to the release threshold (e.g., T≥5℃); the lens temperature exceeds the high-temperature safety limit (e.g., t≥40℃).

[0095] According to some embodiments of this application, in the graded collaborative anti-freezing mechanism, the heating component adopts a segmented stepped heating control logic, including: when the heating component starts preheating, the heating power gradually increases from 0 to a specified power. For example, the heating power is gradually increased by adjusting the PWM duty cycle with a linear slope, and the heating power is uniformly increased from 10% to 80% of the rated power to achieve a gentle temperature rise buffer for the low-temperature lens. If the lens in a low-temperature state is directly heated to full power, multiple equipment damage risks will occur: the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the lens will increase sharply, and water vapor will condense inside the lens; thermal stress will be generated in the glass and resin lenses, resulting in the risk of cracking; and the instantaneous large current will impact the heating circuit, shortening the life of the device.

[0096] When initiating the staged de-icing process, the system operates continuously at rated power to rapidly raise the lens temperature to the de-icing temperature threshold (e.g., t≥10℃). Once the lens temperature reaches the de-icing temperature threshold, the system switches to a PID closed-loop temperature control algorithm to stably control the lens temperature within the target temperature range. For example, the lens temperature can be stably controlled within the range of 35±2℃. If the lens is not iced and is in the preheating process, when the heating power reaches a specified power, such as 80% of the rated power, the system switches to a PID closed-loop temperature control algorithm to stably control the lens temperature within the range of 6±2℃.

[0097] By designing a tiered, collaborative anti-freezing mechanism for the first observation device, layered and progressive de-icing protection can be achieved in low-temperature icing environments, taking into account both prevention and treatment. This mechanism can preheat to prevent lens icing and, after icing occurs, thoroughly remove the ice layer through a combined process of heating, ice breaking, and scraping, ensuring clear lens imaging and enabling the monitoring device to stably output reliable monitoring data even in harsh icing environments. Furthermore, by designing a segmented, stepped heating control logic, the mechanism can prevent lens cracking due to sudden heating in low-temperature environments, extending the device's lifespan, while ensuring de-icing efficiency and quickly achieving temperature control targets. It also reduces energy consumption and avoids wasted electricity caused by ineffective heating.

[0098] In the description of this specification, the use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," and "some examples" indicates that the specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0099] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing, characterized in that, include: The front-end sensing layer includes a first observation device, a second observation device, and a third observation device. The first observation device is located at the grounding switch, and its field of view covers the opening and closing joint area of ​​the grounding switch, used to monitor the opening and closing state of the grounding switch. The second observation device is embedded in the casing of the power tapper, and its field of view covers the joint area between the power tapper contacts and the power tapper clamp, used to monitor the contact state between the power tapper and the power tapper clamp. The third observation device is located on the protective cover of the power tapper, and its field of view covers the lock area of ​​the switch, used to monitor the return and lock status of the power tapper. The platform layer is used to receive and analyze the data transmitted by the front-end perception layer and to generate control commands. The transport layer is used to enable data transmission between the front-end perception layer and the platform layer.

2. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are each equipped with an adaptive adjustment function module. The adaptive adjustment function module includes at least one of a heating component and a supplementary lighting component disposed at the camera lens. The heating component is used to heat the lens, and the supplementary lighting component is used to supplement the observation area.

3. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are all equipped with an embedded control unit. The embedded control unit includes a data acquisition module and a function call module. The data acquisition module is used to collect camera image data, environmental condition data, and operating status data of the observation device. The function call module automatically judges based on the control instructions of the platform layer or the environmental condition data and triggers the adaptive adjustment function module to perform corresponding adjustment actions.

4. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment function module of the first observation device further includes a vibration de-icing component disposed at the camera lens. The vibration de-icing component includes a vibration motor, an eccentric vibration block, a first drive motor, and an ice-pushing mechanism. The vibration motor can drive the eccentric vibration block to vibrate, thereby causing the camera lens to vibrate. The first drive motor can drive the ice-pushing mechanism to move relative to the lens surface, thereby breaking the ice covering the lens surface.

5. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment function module of the first observation device further includes a cleaning component disposed at the camera lens. The cleaning component includes a second drive motor and a scraping mechanism. The second drive motor can drive the scraping mechanism to scrape off residual ice and water stains on the lens surface.

6. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The transmission layer includes a communication network unit, which is mounted on the first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device. The communication network unit interacts with the platform layer through a wireless communication network and has data preprocessing and filtering, local caching, and / or breakpoint resume functions.

7. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The embedded control unit also includes a communication interaction module and a fault self-test protection module. The communication interaction module is used for local device input / output control of the observation device and bidirectional data interaction with the communication network unit. The fault self-test protection module monitors the operating status of the observation device in real time and triggers alarm actions and power-off protection mechanisms when a fault is detected.

8. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device all include an electromagnetic protection structure, including a camera conductive housing, a shielded cable, and an equipotential bonding component, which together with the metal components of the equipment at the corresponding installation location to form an equipotential system.

9. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first observation device, the second observation device, and the third observation device are all equipped with a power supply unit to achieve independent power supply operation. The power supply unit includes a battery pack and a solar panel. The solar panel can supply power to the battery pack. The second observation device can also supply power to the battery pack through mutual inductance.

10. The monitoring system for the entire process of ground wire de-icing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cameras of the second and third observation devices have ultra-short line-of-sight autofocus, which can clearly capture details within limited installation space and observation distance.

11. A method for monitoring the entire process of ground wire de-icing, characterized in that, The system for monitoring the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to any one of claims 1-10 includes the following steps: After the icing warning is issued and the ground wire de-icing operation is initiated, the front-end sensing layer is activated and enters standby mode. During the stage of the power take-off switch leaving the compartment, the second observation device monitors and collects the contact status images between the power take-off switch and the power take-off clamp plate in real time, analyzes the clamp plate fitting distance, and confirms the reliability of the contact. After monitoring the opening status of the grounding switch with the first observation device and confirming that the switch contacts are completely separated and the insulation distance of the break meets the safety specifications, the conductor is energized to start the de-icing process. During the de-icing process, the first and second observation devices continuously monitor the open status of the grounding switch and the contact status of the power supply switch, and trigger an alarm immediately if any abnormality occurs. After the de-icing is completed and the power to the conductor is cut off, the separation status of the power-receiving switch and the clamp is monitored and confirmed by the second observation device. The third observation device monitors the retraction status of the power-taking switch to confirm that the switch is fully retracted into the compartment and the compartment lock is in place. By monitoring the closing status of the grounding switch through the first observation device, it is confirmed that the switch contacts are tightly connected and meet the safety grounding standard, thus completing the closed-loop monitoring of the entire process of ground wire de-icing operation.

12. The monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to claim 11, characterized in that, The monitoring method implements a serial interlocking control mechanism, in which each operation step in the ice melting process depends on the status confirmation signal of the previous monitoring node as the execution condition, and the execution of the entire process is immediately blocked when any monitoring node is abnormal.

13. The monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to claim 12, characterized in that, In the monitoring method, when an abnormal state is detected for the first time during a single action, the action is automatically repeated for a preset number of times. If it is still determined to be unqualified, the ice melting process is terminated directly, an alarm is triggered, and the data from the observation device at the time of the abnormality is saved.

14. The monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to claim 11, characterized in that, All monitoring data from the front-end sensing layer are synchronously uploaded to the platform layer to display the real-time operating status of the disconnector. The results of each verification judgment, action time, and status record are archived and stored for subsequent disconnector reliability inspection and traceability.

15. The monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to claim 11, characterized in that, After the icing warning is issued and the ground wire de-icing operation is initiated, the front-end sensing layer is activated into a standby state, including: the first observation device activates a graded and collaborative anti-freezing mechanism, including the following steps: The monitoring system collects environmental condition data in real time, including ambient temperature T and ambient humidity H; When T and / or H meet the threshold settings, the heating component is activated to preheat, preventing lens frost or ice formation. The system detects whether the lens is covered with ice in real time. If it is, it initiates a graded de-icing process: First, it heats the lens to reach the de-icing temperature threshold. Then, it performs a mechanical ice-breaking action, vibrating the de-icing components to push the ice layer on the lens surface, causing it to break and peel off. Finally, it uses a wiper to scrape away any remaining ice water stains on the lens surface. The system detects when T and / or t reach the heating exit temperature threshold and stops heating.

16. The monitoring method for the entire process of ground wire de-icing according to claim 15, characterized in that, In the graded synergistic anti-freezing mechanism, the heating component adopts a segmented stepped heating control logic, including: When the heating component starts preheating, the heating power gradually increases from 0 to the specified power, so as to achieve a gentle temperature rise buffer for the low-temperature lens; During the heating and de-icing process, the lens operates continuously at rated power to rapidly raise the lens temperature to the de-icing temperature threshold. When the heating power reaches the specified power or the lens temperature reaches the de-icing temperature threshold, the PID closed-loop temperature control algorithm is switched to stabilize the lens temperature within the target temperature range.

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