Electrically conductive carbon concrete energy storage base wireless charging system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of wireless energy transmission, and particularly relates to a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base wireless charging system and method, which comprises a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiving module and a wireless charging transmitting device; a bidirectional electric energy conversion circuit of the wireless charging receiving module converts the induced high-frequency alternating current into direct current and outputs the direct current to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base when charging, and converts the direct current output by the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency alternating current and feeds the high-frequency alternating current into a receiving coil when discharging; a primary side control module of the wireless charging transmitting device monitors the phase difference between the voltage and the current on the output side of a high-frequency inverter, and adjusts the working frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference so that the system maintains a resonance state. The present application realizes the fully-closed maintenance-free operation of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base in an outdoor harsh environment and the bidirectional energy interaction between the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base and a power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless energy transmission technology, and in particular to a wireless charging system and method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Background Technology

[0002] Electron-Conductive Carbon Concrete (EC³) energy storage bases, as a type of power storage unit integrating structure and function, have broad application prospects in the field of power grid frequency regulation. These bases utilize concrete incorporating conductive materials such as carbon black to form a conductive network, possessing both structural load-bearing and energy storage functions. However, current technologies commonly use metal leads penetrating the concrete to lead out the electrodes for charging the electrode system embedded within the concrete. This method reveals insurmountable drawbacks in practical engineering applications. Firstly, the lead exit point forms a heterogeneous interface between the concrete, metal, and sealing materials, which becomes susceptible to damage from long-term thermal expansion and contraction, vibration, and ultraviolet aging. In practice, this interface is highly susceptible to micro-cracks or debonding, leading to seal failure and becoming a permanent channel for moisture and corrosive media to penetrate. This can cause corrosion of metal leads, a surge in contact resistance, and even electrochemical corrosion and internal short circuits in the electrode system, resulting in permanent degradation of energy storage performance. Secondly, when internal leads or interfaces fail, repairs require damaging the concrete protective layer, which is not only complex and costly but also compromises the structural integrity of the base. Furthermore, the physical connection points are exposed on the base surface, posing a risk of accidental breakage and electrification. In harsh outdoor environments, this presents a potential safety threat to maintenance personnel and fails to meet the stringent safety requirements of power grid infrastructure.

[0003] While wireless power transfer technologies such as magnetic resonance coupling offer new solutions to the aforementioned problems due to their advantages of requiring no physical connection, good isolation, and strong environmental adaptability, current wireless charging technology is mainly aimed at scenarios such as charging consumer electronics or electric vehicles. These solutions often embed transmitting coils in the road surface to power moving vehicles. When directly applied to large-capacity, building-integrated energy storage systems like conductive carbon concrete, the non-uniform nature of concrete significantly affects the propagation characteristics of high-frequency electromagnetic fields, making it difficult for general coil designs to maintain high-efficiency power transmission under these conditions. This does not solve the charging problem of the energy storage base itself. Furthermore, grid frequency regulation applications require charging systems with kilowatt-level or higher transmission power and decades of maintenance-free operational reliability. Existing solutions are unsuitable in terms of power level, durability, and environmental protection design. Therefore, this technology cannot be directly adapted to the special carrier of conductive carbon concrete energy storage bases, and a systematic solution suitable for grid frequency regulation scenarios has not yet been formed.

[0004] In conclusion, developing a wireless charging system specifically designed for conductive carbon concrete energy storage bases is of paramount importance for promoting the large-scale application of this novel energy storage technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above technical problems, this invention provides a wireless charging system and method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, the system comprising: a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiver module, and a wireless charging transmitter; the wireless charging receiver module is embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base to form a fully enclosed integrated structure, and the wireless charging transmitter is disposed outside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The wireless charging receiver module includes a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a secondary communication unit. During charging, the bidirectional power conversion circuit converts the high-frequency alternating current induced by the receiving coil into direct current and outputs it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. During discharging, it converts the direct current output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency alternating current and feeds it into the receiving coil. The secondary communication unit modulates the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit to transmit the status information of the wireless charging receiver module back to the wireless charging transmitter. The wireless charging transmitter includes a transmitting coil, a high-frequency inverter, and a primary-side control module. The primary-side control module monitors the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter and adjusts the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state.

[0007] In a further embodiment, a supercapacitor energy storage body is pre-embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The supercapacitor energy storage body includes positive and negative electrode layers and a porous current collector network pre-embedded in the positive and negative electrode layers. The porous current collector is uniformly arranged along the entire length of the positive and negative electrode layers and a busbar is led out on the side close to the wireless charging receiver module. The porous current collector is used to receive DC current injection during charging and output DC current during discharging.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the receiving coil is connected to the AC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and the DC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit is connected to the electrodes of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The receiving coil adopts a single-layer planar spiral structure made of multiple strands of Litz wire. The receiving coil is embedded in the upper area of ​​the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The plane of the receiving coil is parallel to the top surface of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. A structural protective layer is reserved between the surrounding area of ​​the receiving coil and the outer wall of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Wherein, the diameter of a single conductor of the Litz wire is not greater than the skin depth of the copper conductor at the system operating frequency; the receiving coil is used to sense the high-frequency alternating magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil and output high-frequency alternating current.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the bidirectional power conversion circuit includes a controllable rectifier and a bidirectional DC-DC converter; the AC side of the controllable rectifier is electrically connected to the receiving coil, the DC side of the controllable rectifier is connected to one side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the other side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to the electrodes of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The controllable rectifier adopts a full-bridge topology consisting of four switching transistors. It operates in synchronous rectification mode in charging mode and in high-frequency inverter mode in discharging mode. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to filter and regulate the pulsating DC output from the controllable rectifier in charging mode, and to boost the DC output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base to supply the controllable rectifier in discharging mode.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the output terminal of the high-frequency inverter is connected to the transmitting coil, and the high-frequency inverter drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field; the primary-side control module is connected to the control terminal of the high-frequency inverter. The transmitting coil adopts a single-layer planar spiral structure that is symmetrically matched with the receiving coil, so that the transmitting coil and the receiving coil form a symmetrical magnetic coupling resonant structure; The high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the transmitting coil. The high-frequency inverter is used to convert DC input power into high-frequency AC power, drive the transmitting coil to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, so that the high-frequency alternating magnetic field passes through the concrete medium and induces high-frequency AC power in the receiving coil.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the wireless charging receiver module further includes a housing, and the receiving coil, the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and the secondary communication unit are all disposed inside the housing. The bottom of the encapsulation housing is provided with a DC power output terminal, which is crimped to the busbar of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and the crimping node is encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a low-resistance electrical connection, forming an insulating and sealed cavity.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the secondary communication unit is connected to the DC bus of the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a power switching transistor is provided in the secondary communication unit; The secondary communication unit is specifically used to obtain working power from the DC bus and modulate the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit by controlling the on and off of the power switch tube, so that the reflected impedance of the receiving coil changes regularly, thereby reflecting the status information of the wireless charging receiving module to the primary control module in amplitude shift keying modulation; the status information includes the temperature and terminal voltage of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the wireless charging transmitter further includes an adjustable bracket, on which the transmitting coil is mounted; The wireless charging transmitter is also used to perform two-dimensional translation and rotation adjustment in the horizontal plane via the adjustable bracket to compensate for the relative positional shift between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil caused by the foundation settlement of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the system further includes a collaborative controller; the collaborative controller is communicatively connected to both the wireless charging transmitter and the grid energy management system. The collaborative controller is used to receive the grid frequency regulation command issued by the grid energy management system and the status information uploaded by the secondary communication unit, and to control the start-up, shutdown, output power and charging / discharging mode switching of the wireless charging transmitter according to the grid frequency regulation command and the status information. The collaborative controller is also used to trigger charging commands during power grid frequency regulation gaps or off-peak hours, and to adjust the output power of the wireless charging transmitter according to the temperature of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base through a proportional-integral closed-loop algorithm.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, using the aforementioned wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The wireless charging system includes a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiver module, and a wireless charging transmitter. The method includes the following steps: When an external DC power supply is connected to the wireless charging transmitter, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated, which radiates into the interior of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The high-frequency alternating magnetic field is sensed by the receiving coil embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and high-frequency alternating current is output. The high-frequency AC power is rectified and regulated into DC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and output to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base for charging; or, the DC power output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is inverted into high-frequency AC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and fed into the receiving coil for discharging. During the rectification, voltage regulation or inversion process, the status information of the wireless charging receiving module is collected, and the status information is transmitted back to the wireless charging transmitting device via a magnetic field by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter in the wireless charging transmitter is monitored in real time, and the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter is adjusted according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. At the same time, the state information is demodulated from the output current of the high-frequency inverter.

[0016] This invention provides a wireless charging system and method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The system includes a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiving module, and a wireless charging transmitting device. The wireless charging receiving module includes a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a secondary-side communication unit. During charging, the bidirectional power conversion circuit converts the high-frequency AC current induced by the receiving coil into DC current and outputs it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. During discharging, it converts the DC current output by the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency AC current and feeds it into the receiving coil. The secondary-side communication unit transmits the status information of the wireless charging receiving module back to the wireless charging transmitting device by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The wireless charging transmitting device includes a transmitting coil, a high-frequency inverter, and a primary-side control module. The primary-side control module monitors the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter and adjusts the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. Compared with existing technologies, this system achieves fully electrically isolated wireless charging of the base by pre-embedding the wireless charging receiver module inside the base for energy transmission. This solves engineering problems such as sealing failure, corrosion and deterioration, and maintenance difficulties caused by metal leads penetrating concrete in traditional wired charging solutions. At the same time, it realizes bidirectional energy flow of charging and discharging through a bidirectional power conversion circuit, realizes state information feedback under the closed structure through load modulation, and realizes frequency adaptive tuning through phase difference detection to maintain the system resonance state. This enables the system to operate in a highly reliable and maintenance-free manner throughout its entire life cycle, and can adapt to harsh outdoor environments and meet the high-power fast response requirements of power grid frequency regulation scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wireless charging receiver module structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the charging control process of the wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 101, conductive carbon concrete energy storage base; 102, wireless charging receiver module; 103, wireless charging transmitter. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are given for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The accompanying drawings are for reference and illustration only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of patent protection of the present invention, because many changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The present invention provides a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base 101, a wireless charging receiver module 102, and a wireless charging transmitter 103. Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in this embodiment of the invention. Unlike conventional solutions in existing wireless charging technologies for consumer electronics or electric vehicles, where the receiver and rectifier circuits are separated and their power levels and durability are unsuitable for grid-scale energy storage applications, this embodiment integrates the wireless charging receiver module as a pre-embedded component within the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, forming a fully enclosed integrated structure. The wireless charging transmitter is located on the outside of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, ensuring that the base has no exposed conductive components except for the wireless charging receiver module, and no physical electrical interfaces on its surface, thus creating a fully enclosed structure. This achieves electrical isolation between the charging end and the energy storage body, solving the problem of traditional metal leads penetrating the concrete. In this embodiment, the inherent engineering problems of concrete solutions, such as sealing failure, corrosion degradation, and maintenance difficulties, are addressed by an external DC power supply or DC power rectified by the power grid. The DC power is input to the wireless charging transmitter and converted into high-frequency AC power by a high-frequency inverter in the wireless charging transmitter. This AC power drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, which passes through the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base and couples to the receiving coil embedded inside it. High-frequency AC power is induced in the receiving coil. This high-frequency AC power is converted into stable DC power by the bidirectional power conversion circuit in the wireless charging receiving module and then charges the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. In discharge mode, the energy flows in the reverse direction along the above path and is fed back to the power grid or DC bus from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base through the wireless charging receiving module and the wireless charging transmitter.

[0021] In some embodiments, the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is a structural-functional integrated energy storage body cast using conductive carbon concrete. It has an overall rectangular shape. The conductive carbon concrete is made by incorporating conductive phase materials such as carbon black into traditional concrete materials. After curing, a conductive network is formed inside the concrete, giving the material both structural load-bearing and energy storage functions. In this embodiment, a supercapacitor energy storage body is pre-embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The supercapacitor energy storage body includes positive and negative electrode layers and a porous current collector network pre-embedded within the positive and negative electrode layers. The conductive carbon... The positive and negative electrode layers of the concrete energy storage base exhibit stable DC voltage characteristics. It accepts DC current during charging and outputs DC current during discharging. In this embodiment, the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base serves as an integrated fusion of the structural support and the energy storage body. It has no penetrating metal leads or exposed electrical interfaces on the outside. At the same time, through the internal pre-embedded wireless charging receiver module and the assistance of wireless energy transmission, the base becomes a fully enclosed independent energy storage unit without exposed electrical interfaces. This fundamentally avoids the problems of moisture, salt spray penetration, and electrochemical corrosion caused by sealant aging, thermal expansion and contraction cracking.

[0022] In this embodiment, stainless steel porous current collectors are pre-embedded in the positive and negative electrode layers of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Preferably, the porous current collectors are made of 316L stainless steel, which has good alkali and corrosion resistance. The porous current collectors are uniformly arranged along the entire length of the positive and negative electrode layers. These current collectors collect the current from each region of the electrode layer and lead out the charge. A busbar is led out from the porous current collector on the side closest to the wireless charging receiver module. The busbar surface is tin-plated and passivated to reduce contact resistance and suppress electrochemical corrosion under DC bias conditions. Furthermore, this embodiment pre-embeds a split-type temperature sensor probe within the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Specifically, this embodiment uses an armored negative temperature coefficient (NTC) sensor. Coefficient (NTC) thermistor temperature probes are used as split-type temperature sensor probes. These probes have 3 to 5 measuring points, pre-embedded at the center, edge, and midpoint of the depth direction of the positive and negative electrode layers, respectively, to monitor the operating temperature of different parts of the base body. The signal cable of the temperature probe is an alkali-resistant shielded cable with a PTFE sheath. Before casting, it is sealed and connected to the sampling terminal of the wireless charging receiver module and pre-embedded along with the wireless charging receiver module. All sensor power supply and signal processing are completed by the module's internal circuitry, without any external leads. In this embodiment, by using temperature probes pre-embedded at different positions in the electrode layer, the operating temperature of various parts of the base body can be obtained in real time. The temperature data is uploaded to the collaborative controller via load modulation through the secondary communication unit for closed-loop adjustment of charging power and overheat protection, preventing the internal temperature rise of the base from exceeding the safety limit.

[0023] In some embodiments, the wireless charging receiver module is integrated as a pre-embedded component inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base before the base is poured. The wireless charging receiver module adopts a flat, thin, planar structure and is horizontally and centrally positioned inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, 40mm from the top surface of the base. In this embodiment, the wireless charging receiver module includes a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, a secondary communication unit, and a housing. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wireless charging receiver module structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The encapsulation shell is made of alkali-resistant and moisture-proof modified epoxy resin material. A sealed cavity is formed inside the encapsulation shell. This sealed cavity is filled with high thermal conductivity modified epoxy resin potting compound through a vacuum potting process, and the thermal conductivity is not less than 1.5 W / (m). K), the potting compound completely fills the gaps between the coil turns and the structural gaps, eliminating air gap thermal resistance. The encapsulation housing integrates a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a secondary communication unit. The receiving coil is connected to the AC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and the DC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit is connected to the electrodes of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In this embodiment, the receiving coil is used to sense the high-frequency alternating magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil and output high-frequency alternating current. The receiving coil is disposed on the upper part of the encapsulation shell and adopts a single-layer planar spiral structure wound with multiple strands of Litz wire. The receiving coil is embedded in the upper region of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The plane of the receiving coil is parallel to the top surface of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. A structural protective layer is reserved between the periphery of the receiving coil and the outer wall of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Specifically, the outer contour dimensions of the receiving coil are 5900mm in length and 2200mm in width. The receiving coil is adapted to the contour of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and a 150mm concrete protective layer is reserved around it. The receiving coil has 3 turns, the turn spacing is 12mm, and the inner contour dimensions of the receiving coil are 5828mm in length and 2128mm in width. The average single-turn circumference of the receiving coil is approximately 16.06m, and the total length of the receiving coil's conductor is approximately 48.2m. The four corners of the receiving coil are rounded with a radius of 50mm to eliminate magnetic field concentration distortion at right angles. In this embodiment, the receiving coil is wound using a single-layer, unidirectional, close-wound process to avoid parasitic parameter dispersion caused by cross-winding. The receiving coil is vacuum-filled with highly thermally conductive modified epoxy resin to form a rigid whole, preventing parameter drift caused by conductor deformation during concrete pouring. The Litz wire is made of multi-strand polyurethane enameled copper wire. The specific parameters of the Litz wire are: a single-strand bare copper diameter of 0.12mm, a cross-sectional area of ​​a single-strand copper conductor equal to pi multiplied by the square of half the single-strand bare copper diameter, a total of 3600 strands, and a total copper cross-sectional area equal to the total number of strands multiplied by the cross-sectional area of ​​a single-strand copper conductor. Therefore, the total copper cross-sectional area of ​​the Litz wire is 40.72mm. The finished outer diameter of the Litz wire is approximately 10mm. The Litz wire uses a uniform stranding method with a pitch ratio of 15:1, meaning the stranding pitch is 150mm, which is 15 times the wire diameter of 10mm. The self-inductance of the receiving coil in the concrete medium is approximately 150... The AC resistance at an operating frequency of 110kHz is approximately 12.5 ohms. In this embodiment, the diameter of a single conductor of the Litz wire is not greater than the skin depth of the copper conductor at the system operating frequency. At the operating frequency of 110kHz, the skin depth of the copper conductor is calculated according to the following formula: In the formula, The skin depth of a copper conductor; The resistivity of copper at room temperature (25°C) is... ; Angular frequency, , For operating frequency, Values Hz; Let be the free permeability, and its value is . .

[0025] The skin depth of the copper conductor calculated by the above formula is 0.2 mm. To effectively suppress the loss caused by the skin effect, the bare diameter of a single strand of Litz wire needs to be less than twice the skin depth, that is, the single strand diameter is less than 0.4 mm. In this embodiment, the bare diameter of a single strand is selected as 0.12 mm, which is 60% of the skin depth of 0.2 mm. This makes the current distribution in a single conductor uniform, and the skin loss can be ignored. Even if the operating temperature rises to 80°C, the copper resistivity increases by about 22%, and the skin depth increases to about 0.22 mm. 0.12 mm is still less than 0.44 mm, and the loss characteristics remain stable at high temperatures. In this embodiment, with a 12 mm turn spacing (greater than the wire diameter of 10 mm) and multiple strands uniformly twisted, the inter-turn proximity effect is further suppressed, and the ratio of the overall AC resistance to the DC resistance of the coil is less than 1.1.

[0026] In some embodiments, a bidirectional power conversion circuit is disposed at the lower part of the encapsulation housing. The bidirectional power conversion circuit includes a controllable rectifier and a bidirectional DC-DC converter electrically connected in sequence. The AC input terminal of the controllable rectifier is electrically connected to the output terminal of the receiving coil, and the DC output terminal of the controllable rectifier is connected to the input terminal of the bidirectional DC-DC converter. In this embodiment, the bidirectional power conversion circuit is used to realize bidirectional conversion between AC and DC power. During charging, it converts the high-frequency AC power induced by the receiving coil into DC power and outputs it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. During discharging, it converts the DC power output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency AC power and feeds it into the receiving coil. It should be noted that the power devices of the bidirectional power conversion circuit are backed with high thermal conductivity alumina ceramic pads and directly attached to a dedicated heat sink inside the encapsulation housing through thermally conductive insulating silicone, so that heat is conducted to the housing through the shortest path and then diffused to the surrounding concrete.

[0027] In this embodiment, the controllable rectifier adopts a full-bridge topology composed of four switching transistors. The controllable rectifier operates in synchronous rectification mode during charging and in high-frequency inversion mode during discharging. Specifically, the controllable rectifier uses a full-bridge topology composed of silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. In charging mode, the controllable rectifier operates as a synchronous rectifier. The synchronous rectification process is as follows: based on the zero-crossing point of the AC voltage across the receiving coil, two sets of diagonal bridge arms are turned on in a time-division manner; one set of bridge arms is turned on during the positive half-cycle, and the other set is turned on during the negative half-cycle. The turn-on timing is strictly synchronized with the coil voltage phase. This embodiment uses this method to receive... The high-frequency AC output from the coil induction is rectified into pulsating DC and output to the subsequent high-voltage DC bus, while reducing conduction losses. In discharge mode, the controllable rectifier switches to high-frequency inverter operation. The high-frequency inverter operation process is as follows: the controllable rectifier switches to inverter mode under the control of the drive signal issued by the secondary communication unit, and inverts the high-voltage DC after being boosted by the DC-DC converter into 110 kHz high-frequency AC, which is fed into the receiving coil. At this time, the receiving coil acts as a transmitting coil to transmit energy in reverse to the external transmitting coil. Hardware dead time is configured in both modes to prevent bridge arm shoot-through, and built-in overcurrent and overvoltage fast protection is also provided.

[0028] In this embodiment, the input terminal of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the DC output terminal of the controllable rectifier, and the output terminal of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is electrically connected to the electrodes of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to filter and regulate the pulsating DC output from the controllable rectifier in charging mode, and to boost the DC output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base to supply the controllable rectifier in discharging mode. Specifically, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to the DC output terminal of the controllable rectifier. In charging mode, the bidirectional DC-DC converter... The DC-DC converter filters and regulates the pulsating DC output from the controllable rectifier, outputting a stable DC output that meets the charging curve requirements of the supercapacitor in the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, with a rated output voltage of 48 volts. In discharge mode, the bidirectional DC-DC converter operates in boost mode, boosting the low-voltage DC output from the supercapacitor in the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base and providing it to the controllable rectifier for inversion, thus providing a stable high-voltage DC bus voltage for inversion. In this embodiment, the bidirectional DC-DC converter adopts a soft-switching operating mode to reduce switching losses.

[0029] In some embodiments, the secondary-side communication unit is connected to the DC bus of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The secondary-side communication unit contains a power switch. It transmits the status information of the wireless charging receiver module back to the wireless charging transmitter by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. Specifically, the secondary-side communication unit obtains operating power from the DC bus and modulates the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit by controlling the switching of the power switch, causing a regular change in the reflected impedance of the receiving coil. This reflects the status information of the wireless charging receiver module back to the primary-side control module using amplitude shift keying modulation. The status information includes the temperature and terminal voltage of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

[0030] In this embodiment, the power supply terminal of the secondary communication unit is connected to three DC nodes: the high-voltage DC bus between the controllable rectifier and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the low-voltage DC bus between the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and the 1 to 2-turn auxiliary small winding integrated on the receiving coil. The steady-state voltage of the high-voltage DC bus between the controllable rectifier and the bidirectional DC-DC converter is approximately 140 to 160V. After being stepped down to 5V by the high-voltage step-down converter, the power supply is automatically started when the voltage of the high-voltage DC bus reaches the cold start threshold of the step-down converter chip. The rated voltage of the low-voltage DC bus between the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is 48V, and the voltage range of the entire charge and discharge cycle is approximately 30 to 54V. After being stepped down to 5V by the low-voltage step-down converter, the power supply is supplied. The outputs of the three power supplies are connected in parallel via ideal diodes or gate circuits, with the higher voltage path automatically conducting, achieving automatic seamless switching. The 1-2 turn auxiliary winding integrated on the receiving coil is independently equipped with a miniature high-frequency rectifier bridge and a filter capacitor. During the initial charging phase, the auxiliary winding synchronously induces a high-frequency AC voltage, which, after rectification by the miniature high-frequency rectifier bridge and filtering by the filter capacitor, directly outputs low-voltage DC power, prioritizing power initialization for the secondary communication unit. The high-voltage DC bus and low-voltage DC bus are respectively stepped down to 5V by a high-voltage step-down DC-DC converter and a low-voltage step-down DC-DC converter. The two outputs are connected in parallel via ideal diodes or gate circuits. The auxiliary winding induces a high-frequency AC voltage after the magnetic field is established, which, after rectification by the miniature high-frequency rectifier bridge, also outputs DC power. The three power sources are automatically switched via diodes or gate circuits, with the higher voltage path automatically conducting, requiring no additional control logic. The specific working process is as follows: Power supply process in charging mode: The charging mode is divided into three stages according to the voltage establishment process: initial start-up stage, bus ramp-up stage, and charging steady-state stage. In the initial start-up stage, the voltages of both the high-voltage DC bus and the low-voltage DC bus are 0, and both step-down DC-DC converters are in an undervoltage lockout state and cannot start. The power supply comes from the auxiliary winding on the receiving coil. After the primary side generates a high-frequency magnetic field, the auxiliary winding synchronously induces a high-frequency AC voltage, which is rectified by a miniature high-frequency rectifier bridge and output as DC power to provide initial operating power for the secondary communication unit. The communication unit can be powered on and initialized within milliseconds after the magnetic field is established. In the bus ramp-up stage, as the primary side power increases, the high-voltage DC bus voltage output by the controllable rectifier gradually increases. When the high-voltage bus... Once the voltage reaches the cold start threshold of the high-voltage step-down DC-DC converter, the converter starts up and outputs a stable 5V. The cold start threshold is approximately 12 to 16V. In this embodiment, the converter automatically switches to the high-voltage bus main power supply via an ideal diode, and the auxiliary winding enters a light-load standby state. During this stage, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is not yet working, and the low-voltage bus has no stable voltage. The communication unit can maintain full-function operation solely through the high-voltage bus. During the charging steady-state stage, the bidirectional DC-DC converter operates normally, the low-voltage bus stabilizes at the rated voltage of 48V, and the low-voltage step-down DC-DC converter simultaneously outputs 5V. The high-voltage bus path, the low-voltage bus path, and the auxiliary winding path all output simultaneously, sharing current through parallel OR gate circuits for mutual backup.

[0031] Power supply process in discharge mode: The discharge mode is divided into three stages: standby startup stage, discharge steady state stage, and discharge end stage. In the standby startup stage, the controllable rectifier is not working, the high-voltage bus has no voltage, the coil has no alternating current, and the auxiliary winding has no output. The power supply comes from the low-voltage bus (supercapacitor body) and is directly supplied through the low-voltage step-down DC-DC converter. As long as the supercapacitor terminal voltage is higher than the minimum operating threshold of the low-voltage step-down DC-DC converter, the communication unit can work normally throughout the process. In the discharge steady state stage, the controllable rectifier switches to inverter mode, the high-voltage bus establishes a stable high voltage, and a 110kHz high-frequency current flows through the coil. The low-voltage bus path, the high-voltage bus path, and the auxiliary winding path are all available simultaneously, providing redundant parallel power supply. In the discharge end stage, when the supercapacitor voltage drops to the discharge lower limit, the low-voltage bus voltage continues to decrease. When the low-voltage bus voltage approaches the minimum input of the low-voltage step-down DC-DC converter, the power supply automatically switches to the high-voltage bus path. As long as the inverter does not stop and the coil has current, the high-voltage bus and auxiliary winding can continue to supply power.

[0032] In this embodiment, the secondary communication unit includes a signal acquisition circuit and a load modulation circuit. The signal acquisition circuit includes a voltage sampling circuit and a temperature sampling circuit. The voltage sampling circuit uses a high-precision, low-temperature-drift resistor voltage divider network to attenuate the high-voltage DC bus voltage and the low-voltage DC bus voltage to a range of 0 to 3.3V at a fixed ratio. An RC low-pass filter circuit is configured at the front end to suppress switching ripple. The circuit is connected to a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) channel. The voltage divider resistors are selected as 0.1% precision, 25ppm / °C low-temperature-drift metal film resistors to ensure that the voltage sampling error does not exceed 1% across the entire temperature range. The temperature sampling circuit uses a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. A negative temperature coefficient thermistor (NTC) and a precision reference resistor form a voltage divider temperature measurement circuit. One of the negative temperature coefficient thermistors is a pre-embedded armored probe, attached to the electrode layer of the base to monitor the temperature of the base body. The other is attached to the surface of the power devices of the controllable rectifier and DC-DC converter to monitor the internal temperature of the module. The reference resistor is a 0.1% accuracy low-temperature drift resistor. After the analog-to-digital converter collects the voltage divider voltage, it converts it into the actual temperature value using the Steinhardt-Hart formula. The temperature measurement range covers -40 degrees Celsius to 125 degrees Celsius, with a full-temperature range measurement accuracy of ±1 degree Celsius. The microcontroller samplees at a frequency of 1 Hz, and after software digital filtering, it is packaged into a communication frame.

[0033] The load modulation circuit employs a passive amplitude shift keying (ASK) system. It uses a low-on-resistance N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) as the modulation switch. An N-channel power MOSFET is connected in series with a current-limiting power resistor and then in parallel to the high-voltage DC bus after the controllable rectifier. The circuit is directly driven and controlled by the microcontroller in the secondary-side communication unit. When the modulation switch is on, the equivalent load on the secondary side increases, reducing the equivalent impedance reflected to the primary side, causing an increase in the primary-side current amplitude. When the modulation switch is off, the equivalent load on the secondary side decreases, increasing the equivalent impedance reflected to the primary side, causing a decrease in the primary-side current amplitude. The microcontroller, by controlling the on / off state of the modulation switch, encodes temperature and voltage data into binary information, causing a regular high-low variation in the primary-side current amplitude. The encoding method uses Manchester encoding. (Encoding) Each data bit contains a level transition and has a built-in synchronization clock; the communication baud rate is set to 4.8kbps; the data frame structure consists of an 8-bit preamble synchronization code, a 2-bit frame header identifier, a 16-bit data field, and an 8-bit cyclic redundancy check bit, with a single frame length of 34 bits. Under normal operating conditions, temperature and voltage data are collected once per second and uploaded as a single frame every 2 seconds; when the temperature exceeds the warning threshold, or the voltage exceeds the overvoltage threshold or falls below the undervoltage threshold, the sampling and transmission frequency is automatically increased to 0.2 seconds per frame, and an alarm identifier frame is sent.

[0034] In some embodiments, the encapsulation shell of the wireless charging receiver module is made of modified epoxy resin, with no internal air convection channels. All heat is diffused to the concrete matrix through solid conduction. The bottom of the encapsulation shell is provided with a DC power output terminal and a communication sensing signal terminal. The DC power output terminal is crimped to the busbar of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and the crimping joint is encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a low-resistance electrical connection, creating an insulated sealed cavity. In this embodiment, the DC output terminal is a sealed through terminal, the inner side of which is connected to the power circuit printed circuit board of the bidirectional DC-DC converter inside the module. The board (PCB) is welded together, with a pre-reserved bolt connection surface on the outside. The DC output terminal and the module shell are completely hermetically sealed through a high-temperature sintering process, completely isolating the internal electronic cavity of the module from the external concrete environment, thus achieving full-enclosed protection. The communication sensing signal terminal also adopts a sealed through-structure. The communication sensing signal terminal is used to connect the temperature sensor signal line embedded in the base body. Specifically, before concrete pouring, in this embodiment, during the factory prefabrication stage, the sealed DC output terminal of the module is crimped to the current collector bus using bolt fastening and tin-plated copper gasket transition. The contact resistance is controlled within 0.5mΩ. After the connection is completed, the entire connection node is locally potted and wrapped with modified epoxy resin to form an independent insulating and sealed cavity to isolate the concrete slurry, alkaline water vapor and conductive medium, and prevent corrosion and loosening of the contact interface. The connected module and the current collector assembly are prefabricated as a whole and placed into the foundation steel cage for concrete pouring. The entire construction process does not require on-site wiring procedures. The epoxy local potting of the connection node physically isolates the connection interface from the concrete slurry and alkaline water vapor, ensuring that the connection interface maintains low resistance stability during decades of service.

[0035] In this embodiment, during charging startup, the transmitting coil in the wireless charging transmitter generates an alternating magnetic field, and the receiving coil induces a high-frequency AC voltage. In the initial charging stage, the auxiliary small winding synchronously senses and extracts energy, enabling the secondary communication unit to complete power-on initialization within milliseconds after the magnetic field is established, eliminating the startup dead zone. Subsequently, the controllable rectifier operates in synchronous rectification mode, converting the high-frequency AC power into pulsating DC power. The DC-DC converter then regulates this voltage to 48 volts DC to charge the supercapacitor in the base. During the charging process, the secondary communication unit operates in real-time... The system collects the temperature and voltage of the base, reflects the data to the magnetic field through load modulation, and demodulates it on the primary side for power regulation and safety protection. When the state of charge of the base reaches a set threshold, or the temperature exceeds the shutdown threshold, or an external stop command is received, the controllable rectifier is turned off, and charging is terminated. During discharge, the DC-DC converter boosts the low-voltage DC power from the base supercapacitor to the high-voltage DC bus voltage. The controllable rectifier switches to inverter mode, converting the high-voltage DC power into 110 kHz high-frequency AC power, which is then reverse-coupled to the external transmitting coil via the receiving coil to achieve energy feedback.

[0036] The heat dissipation path of the receiving coil is as follows: the high-frequency loss heat of the multi-strand Litz wire diffuses laterally to the outer surface of the entire conductor through the interstrand insulation layer; the heat on the surface of the conductor is conducted to the surrounding high thermal conductivity epoxy resin potting compound, which evenly diffuses the heat to the inner wall of the module shell; the heat is conducted through the epoxy encapsulation shell to the outer surface of the module; after the module shell is poured and tightly bonded to the surrounding concrete, the heat is finally conducted to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base; the heat dissipation path of the bidirectional power conversion circuit is as follows: the heat generated by the power devices of the controllable rectifier and DC-DC converter is directly conducted to the heat sink inside the shell through the alumina ceramic pad and thermally conductive insulating silicone, and the heat is conducted to the shell through the shortest path, and then to the concrete; the heat of low-power devices such as the sampling circuit and communication circuit is evenly diffused laterally through the large area of ​​copper plating on the inner layer of the thick copper printed circuit board, and then conducted longitudinally to the module shell through the potting compound.

[0037] In summary, the wireless charging receiver module adopts a fully enclosed packaging structure. Both the DC output terminal and the communication signal terminal use sealed through terminals and high-temperature sintering process. The internal electronic cavity of the wireless charging receiver module is completely isolated from the external concrete environment. The entire wireless charging receiver module is embedded in the base as a pre-embedded part before concrete pouring. After pouring, there are no exposed conductive parts. This structure eliminates the weak sealing link of metal leads penetrating the concrete in traditional solutions, avoiding the problem of moisture and corrosive media seeping in along the lead interface. At the same time, the secondary communication unit draws power through three redundant paths: auxiliary winding, high-voltage bus, and low-voltage bus, and achieves uplink communication without independent radio frequency transmission through load modulation, avoiding communication interruption caused by battery depletion or radio frequency circuit failure. This enables the module to work stably for a long time in the enclosed concrete environment.

[0038] In some embodiments, the wireless charging transmitter includes a transmitting coil, a high-frequency inverter, and a primary-side control module. The output of the high-frequency inverter is connected to the transmitting coil, and the high-frequency inverter drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field. The primary-side control module is connected to the control terminal of the high-frequency inverter. The wireless charging transmitter is disposed outside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base and mounted on a two-dimensional adjustable bracket. The DC input of the wireless charging transmitter is electrically connected to an external DC power supply, which is either a high-voltage DC bus from the power grid rectified by a three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter or an external... The energy storage system is connected to the DC bus in parallel via a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The DC input terminal of the high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the high-voltage DC bus, and the AC output terminal of the high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the transmitting coil. The primary-side control module is electrically or signal-connected to the high-frequency inverter, the two-dimensional adjustable bracket where the transmitting coil is located, and the cooperative controller. The primary-side control module is used to send pulse width modulation (PWM) drive signals to the high-frequency inverter, send position adjustment commands to the two-dimensional adjustable bracket, and receive start / stop commands and power setpoints from the cooperative controller, and upload the demodulated status information to the cooperative controller.

[0039] It should be noted that the three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter is connected between the grid and the high-frequency inverter. The three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter adopts a silicon carbide full-bridge topology. In charging mode, the three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter rectifies the three-phase 380V power frequency AC power into stable high-voltage DC power to achieve power factor correction and outputs it to the high-voltage DC bus. In discharging mode, the three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter operates in active inverter grid-connected state: it inverts the DC power on the high-voltage DC bus into power frequency AC power and synchronously feeds it back to the grid to complete energy feedback.

[0040] In this embodiment, the transmitting coil and receiving coil adopt a symmetrically matched single-layer rectangular planar spiral structure to form a symmetrical magnetically coupled resonant structure. The transmitting coil is horizontally mounted on a two-dimensional adjustable bracket, with the plane of the transmitting coil parallel to the top surface of the base. The outer contour dimensions of the transmitting coil are 5900 mm in length and 2200 mm in width. The transmitting coil has the same shape as the receiving coil pre-embedded inside the base to ensure maximum coupling area when coaxially aligned. In this embodiment, the transmitting coil has 3 turns with a turn spacing of 12 mm. This turn spacing includes the wire insulation layer and gaps to suppress inter-turn parasitic capacitance and proximity effect. The internal dimensions are 5828 mm in length and 2128 mm in width. The average single-turn circumference of the transmitting coil is approximately 16.06 meters, and the total length of the transmitting coil conductor is approximately 48.2 meters. The transmitting coil uses high-frequency Litz wire of the same specifications as the receiving coil. The wire type is multi-strand stranded polyurethane enameled copper Litz wire with an outer polytetrafluoroethylene insulation sheath. The diameter of a single bare copper strand in the transmitting coil is 0.12 mm, the cross-sectional area of ​​a single strand is approximately 0.01131 mm², the total number of strands in the transmitting coil is 3600, the total copper cross-sectional area is approximately 40.72 mm², the finished outer diameter of the Litz wire in the transmitting coil is approximately 10 mm, and the self-inductance of the transmitting coil in air is approximately 160. The AC resistance at a working frequency of 110kHz is approximately 11. The compensation capacitor value for matching series resonance is approximately 13.1 nF.

[0041] In some embodiments, the wireless charging transmitter further includes an adjustable bracket, on which the transmitting coil is mounted. The wireless charging transmitter is used to perform two-dimensional translation and rotation adjustment in the horizontal plane via the adjustable bracket to compensate for the relative positional offset between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil caused by the foundation settlement of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Specifically, the transmitting coil is mounted on the two-dimensional adjustable bracket, which has three degrees of freedom: X-axis translation, Y-axis translation, and planar rotation. The translation stroke of the X-axis and Y-axis is ±50 mm, with an adjustment accuracy of 0.1 mm; the planar rotation stroke is ±5 degrees, with an adjustment accuracy of 0.05 degrees. In this embodiment, the X-axis translation is used to cover the construction positioning error and longitudinal settlement offset in the long side direction, the Y-axis translation is used to cover the construction positioning error and lateral settlement offset in the short side direction, and the Z-axis planar rotation is used to compensate for the installation angle deviation and the torsional deformation of the base, ensuring that the coil plane is parallel and aligned. This embodiment uses a stepper motor in conjunction with a precision lead screw module for drive and adopts a self-locking design. After alignment is completed, the position is maintained by power-off, without the need for continuous power supply.

[0042] In some embodiments, the high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the transmitting coil. The high-frequency inverter converts DC input power into high-frequency AC power, driving the transmitting coil to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. This magnetic field passes through the concrete medium and induces high-frequency AC power in the receiving coil. Specifically, the high-frequency inverter consists of a full-bridge topology composed of four silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. The DC input terminal of the high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the high-voltage DC bus, and the AC output terminal is connected in series with the transmitting coil and the primary-side compensation capacitor. In charging mode, the high-frequency inverter operates in high-frequency inversion mode, converting the DC power from the high-voltage DC bus to 110 kHz. The high-frequency alternating current drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field, which transmits energy to the receiving coil inside the base. The high-frequency inverter is driven by a pulse width modulation signal issued by the primary-side control module. In discharge mode, the high-frequency inverter switches to active synchronous rectification mode, rectifying the 110 kHz high-frequency alternating current coupled to the transmitting coil into direct current, which is then fed into the high-voltage DC bus, realizing reverse energy feedback from the base to the grid or external energy storage system. The two working modes share the same full-bridge power circuit, and only the driving logic and control parameters are switched by the primary-side control module, without the need for additional power devices. At the same time, both modes are equipped with hardware dead time to prevent bridge arm shoot-through, and have built-in overcurrent and overvoltage fast protection.

[0043] In some implementations, the primary-side control module monitors the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter and adjusts the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. Specifically, the primary-side control module includes a primary-side microcontroller unit, a current and phase detection circuit, a demodulation circuit, and a pulse width modulation drive circuit. The current and phase detection circuit synchronously acquires the instantaneous values ​​of the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter. Voltage sampling is achieved through a high-precision resistor voltage divider combined with an isolation operational amplifier, and current sampling is achieved through a closed-loop Hall current sensor or a milliohm-level sampling resistor combined with a differential amplifier. The two signals are synchronously sampled by the same analog-to-digital converter at a sampling rate of no less than 2 million times per second. The sampled digital signals are then filtered by a digital bandpass filter with a center frequency of 110 kHz to extract the fundamental component and remove higher harmonics and noise. The phase difference is obtained by detecting the zero-crossing moments of the two fundamental signals. The phase difference is equal to the product of twice pi, the operating frequency, and the time difference between the zero-crossing moments of the voltage and current. The operating frequency is 110 kHz. When the current phase lags behind the voltage, the phase difference is positive, indicating that the circuit is inductive. When the current phase leads the voltage, the phase difference is negative, indicating that the circuit is capacitive.

[0044] The primary-side microcontroller unit performs adaptive frequency tuning based on the phase difference, ensuring the system always operates in a resonant state. For a primary-side series-secondary-side series compensated topology, when the system operates in a fully resonant state, the primary-side input impedance is purely resistive, the high-frequency inverter output voltage is in phase with the loop current, the phase difference is zero, the loop reactive power is zero, and the transmission efficiency reaches the theoretical optimal value under the current coupling and load conditions. The mathematical expression for the primary-side input impedance is: In the formula, This is the primary input impedance; The resistance of the primary coil; The imaginary unit; Angular frequency; This is the self-inductance of the primary coil; This is the value of the primary-side compensation capacitor; Mutual inductance between coils; This is the equivalent load impedance on the secondary side; The coupling coefficient; This is the self-inductance of the secondary coil.

[0045] When the system resonates, the inductive reactance of the primary coil and the capacitive reactance of the compensation capacitor cancel each other out. At this time, the impedance reflected from the secondary side to the primary side is purely resistive, and the total input impedance is purely resistive. The voltage and current are in phase. The specific implementation process of frequency adaptive tuning is divided into the following three stages: The first stage is the initial power-on joint tuning: After receiving the charging start command, the primary-side microcontroller unit sets a sweep frequency range of 100 kHz to 120 kHz, centered at the nominal frequency of 110 kHz. It initiates low-power excitation at 10% of rated power and traverses the sweep frequency range in 0.5 kHz steps. Simultaneously, it collects the phase difference between the high-frequency inverter output voltage and current, as well as the effective value of the primary-side current, at each frequency point. The frequency point with the smallest absolute phase difference is recorded as the initial resonant frequency reference. At the initial resonant frequency, the primary-side microcontroller unit drives the two-dimensional adjustable bracket to fine-tune the position of the transmitting coil in a line-by-line scanning manner. The effective value of the primary current is monitored in real time. Since the change of the coupling coefficient in the primary series resonance state will change the equivalent impedance reflected to the primary side, and thus change the effective value of the primary current, the minimum value of the current corresponds to the position with the strongest coupling. Therefore, the position corresponding to the minimum value of the current is locked to complete the mechanical alignment. After the position alignment is completed, a small-range fine frequency sweep is performed at the current position. The frequency sweep range is 105 kHz to 115 kHz with a step size of 0.1 kHz. Finally, the frequency point with the phase difference closest to zero is locked as the initial operating frequency of the system, and the system enters the steady-state closed-loop stage.

[0046] The second stage is steady-state closed-loop frequency fine-tuning: This embodiment uses a fixed sampling period of 1 millisecond to continuously collect instantaneous voltage and current values ​​and calculate the phase difference. A phase difference allowable threshold of ±1 degree is set. If the absolute value of the phase difference is less than or equal to the allowable threshold, the system is determined to be in resonance, and the current operating frequency remains unchanged. If the absolute value of the phase difference is greater than the allowable threshold, frequency fine-tuning correction is performed. When the current phase lags behind the voltage (i.e., the phase difference is greater than zero), it indicates that the current operating frequency is higher than the system resonance frequency, and the operating frequency is gradually decreased. When the current phase leads the voltage (i.e., the phase difference is less than zero), it indicates that the current operating frequency is lower than the system resonance frequency, and the operating frequency is gradually increased. The frequency adjustment adopts a variable step size strategy; specifically, when the absolute value of the phase difference... When the phase difference is greater than 5 degrees, a large step size of 100 Hz is used for fast convergence; when the absolute value of the phase difference is between 1 and 5 degrees, a medium step size of 20 Hz is used for smooth transition; when the absolute value of the phase difference is less than 1 degree, a small step size of 5 Hz is used to maintain steady-state accuracy. After each frequency adjustment, wait for 2 to 3 switching cycles to stabilize the loop before performing the next sampling judgment, forming a closed-loop tracking cycle of sampling judgment, adjustment, and stabilization. An efficiency check is performed every 10 seconds, and the transmission efficiency is calculated in combination with the received power fed back from the secondary side. If the transmission efficiency drops abnormally, a local small-range frequency sweep is triggered to avoid getting trapped in local optima. During the time slot when the secondary side communicates through load modulation, phase sampling and frequency modulation are paused. The closed loop is automatically restored after the communication ends.

[0047] The third stage is exception handling and protection reset: If the frequency adjustment exceeds the allowable operating range of 95 kHz to 125 kHz and the phase difference still cannot be converged to within the threshold, it is determined to be a severe coupling offset or secondary-side abnormality. The power is immediately reduced to a safe value, and a secondary position optimization is triggered to re-execute the initial joint tuning process. If the phase difference continues to exceed the limit and is accompanied by primary-side overcurrent, hardware overcurrent protection is immediately triggered, the high-frequency inverter output is stopped, and the fault status is reported. During the charging and discharging mode switching, the frequency closed-loop control is paused. After the mode switching is completed and the loop state is stable, the initial frequency sweep is re-executed to lock the resonant point to avoid tuning misjudgment caused by transient disturbances.

[0048] It should be noted that, regarding the alignment control of the transmitting coil, since the receiving coil is completely embedded in the concrete with no exposed mechanical reference point, the physical position sensor cannot directly measure the relative position between the two coils. Since electrical parameters directly reflect the actual effect of magnetic coupling, this embodiment uses electrical parameters to indirectly determine the coupling strength, eliminating the need for a separate displacement sensor. The core detection quantity is the fundamental effective value of the primary input current, with auxiliary criteria being the active power transmission and the voltage-current phase difference. These three factors jointly characterize the relative magnitude of the current coupling coefficient, requiring no positional feedback from the secondary side. Specifically, during the construction and installation phase of this embodiment, the pre-embedded positioning marks on the base surface are used as a reference, and a laser rangefinder is used to complete the initial alignment of the transmitting coil, controlling the initial offset within ±20m. Within m, the automatic alignment of the transmitting coil in this embodiment adopts a two-stage hybrid strategy of first performing a global coarse search and then performing gradient descent fine adjustment. The global coarse search is suitable for scenarios such as initial installation, power failure restart, or after a significant drop in coupling. In the global coarse search stage, the system enters the alignment mode, maintains the resonant state and constant load, operates at 10% of the rated power, and traverses the entire range in steps of 5mm / step in the X and Y axes and 0.5° / step in rotation, recording the effective value of the primary current point by point. After the traversal is completed, this embodiment finds the position with the minimum effective current value as the approximate position of the optimal coupling, moves the transmitting coil to this point, and completes the coarse alignment. The time for a single round of global search in this stage does not exceed 30 seconds, which can cover the entire offset range and avoid getting trapped in local optima.

[0049] In the gradient descent fine-tuning stage, after coarse alignment, this embodiment takes the current position as a reference and steps one step in the positive X-axis direction, Y-axis direction, and rotation direction. The effective current value after the step is compared with the effective current value before the step. If the effective current value decreases, it indicates that the adjustment direction is correct, and the stepping continues in that direction. If the effective current value increases, it indicates that the adjustment direction is incorrect, and the stepping is reversed. After the X-axis is adjusted to the lowest point of the effective current value, the same adjustment is performed on the Y-axis and rotation axis in sequence. The three axes are iterated in a loop. After each axis is adjusted, the next axis is switched. In this embodiment, a variable step size strategy is adopted. When the deviation from the optimal position is far, a larger step size is used. When the position is close to the optimal position, the step size is reduced to 0.1 mm to balance the convergence speed and alignment accuracy. When the change of the effective current value after three consecutive steps is less than 0.5%, it is determined that the optimal coupling point of the current working condition has been reached, the position is locked, and the system enters the standby monitoring state.

[0050] During steady-state operation, this embodiment performs a micro-disturbance check every 30 minutes, controlling the actuator to step one small step in any direction and observing whether the current changes synchronously with the position movement. If the current changes regularly with the position adjustment, it indicates that it is still near the optimal coupling point, and it returns to the original position to continue operation; if the current does not change with the position or changes abnormally, a global coarse search is triggered for realignment; if the effective value of the current is continuously increased and the coupling efficiency decreases by more than 5%, it is determined that a large offset has occurred, and a global coarse search is immediately triggered for realignment; if the optimal coupling efficiency is still lower than the set threshold after the full-stroke search, it is determined that the secondary side is abnormal or the base structure is deformed, and a fault alarm is reported.

[0051] In this embodiment, the demodulation circuit is used to extract the current amplitude fluctuation caused by the secondary load modulation from the high-frequency current of the primary circuit and restore it to a digital signal. The demodulation circuit is divided into five stages connected in sequence: The first stage is the current sampling stage. In this embodiment, a 5 milliohm high-precision sampling resistor is connected in series in the primary side transmitting circuit, or a closed-loop Hall current sensor is fitted on the transmitting circuit to convert the high-frequency current into a voltage signal of the corresponding ratio. The second stage is the bandpass filter stage. In this embodiment, a second-order active bandpass filter is used, with a center frequency of 110 kHz and a passband bandwidth of ±2 kHz to filter out high-order harmonics, power frequency interference, and low-frequency load fluctuation noise. The third stage is the envelope detection stage. In this embodiment, an active peak envelope detection circuit composed of a high-speed operational amplifier and a Schottky diode is used to extract the amplitude envelope of the 110 kHz carrier and output a low-frequency baseband analog signal that is positively correlated with the current amplitude. The fourth stage is the differential amplifier stage. In this embodiment, an instrumentation operational amplifier is used to differentially amplify the baseband signal, amplifying the modulation amplitude fluctuation at the millivolt level to the volt level. The fifth stage is the hysteresis shaping stage. In this embodiment, a voltage comparator with hysteresis characteristics is used to set high and low thresholds to shape the analog baseband signal into a digital signal with standard transistor-to-transistor logic level and output it to the input / output capture port of the primary-side microcontroller unit.

[0052] The primary-side microcontroller unit continuously captures digital signals, identifies fixed-length preamble and frame header features, establishes data frame synchronization, and generates a sampling clock based on a preset baud rate of 4.8kbps. It performs center sampling on the data bits, restores binary data according to the Manchester encoding level transition rules, and then performs Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on the received data. If the check passes, the temperature, voltage, and status identifiers are parsed and uploaded to the co-controller; if the check fails, the frame is discarded. At the same time, this embodiment sets an amplitude judgment window, and only when the current amplitude change falls within a preset modulation range is it determined to be a valid communication signal, eliminating interference from large current fluctuations caused by power regulation and load transitions.

[0053] In summary, during charging startup in this embodiment, a startup command is sent to the primary-side control module via the collaborative controller. The primary-side microcontroller first performs initial power-on joint tuning, determines the initial resonant frequency through frequency sweeping, and then adjusts the position of the transmitting coil using a two-dimensional adjustable bracket to minimize the effective value of the primary-side current, completing a coarse match between position and frequency. Then, the high-frequency inverter operates at a locked operating frequency and set power, transmitting energy to the base. During operation, the primary-side control module continuously monitors the phase difference at 1-millisecond intervals, fine-tunes the operating frequency through variable step sizes, and compensates for concrete medium parameters in real time. The resonant point drift caused by the change maintains the system in a state of minimum reactive power loss. At the same time, the demodulation circuit continuously demodulates the temperature and voltage information sent from the secondary side, which is used by the co-controller for power adjustment and safety protection judgment. Compared with the prior art, this embodiment adopts a two-dimensional adjustable bracket in combination with an electrical parameter optimization algorithm, which can dynamically maintain optimal coupling without an exposed reference point. Meanwhile, the frequency adaptive tuning can automatically compensate for the resonant frequency drift caused by changes in concrete moisture content and temperature by tracking the zero phase difference in real time. There is no need to add adjustable devices to the pre-embedded secondary end, thus ensuring the transmission efficiency of the system.

[0054] In some embodiments, the system further includes a cooperative controller; the cooperative controller is communicatively connected to the wireless charging transmitter and the external power grid energy management system respectively. In this embodiment, the cooperative controller is used to receive the power grid frequency regulation command issued by the power grid energy management system and the status information uploaded by the secondary communication unit, and to control the start-up and shutdown, output power and charging / discharging mode switching of the wireless charging transmitter according to the power grid frequency regulation command and the status information; the cooperative controller is also used to trigger a charging command during the power grid frequency regulation interval or off-peak electricity period, and to adjust the output power of the wireless charging transmitter according to the temperature of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base through a proportional-integral closed-loop algorithm.

[0055] Specifically, in this embodiment, the collaborative controller is placed outside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base and is communicatively connected to the primary-side control module of the wireless charging transmitter and the external power grid energy management system. The collaborative controller is equipped with an industrial Ethernet communication interface, supporting the IEC61850 protocol, the Power 104 protocol, and the Modbus TCP / IP protocol for bidirectional data exchange with the power grid energy management system. The collaborative controller has a built-in composite state of charge estimation module and a temperature closed-loop control module. The conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is a supercapacitor-type energy storage body. Its terminal voltage and state of charge (SOC) are approximately linearly related under ideal conditions. However, under dynamic high-current conditions, due to the influence of equivalent series resistance voltage drop and dielectric polarization effect... The pure voltage method has a relatively large error. Therefore, this embodiment adopts an estimation method that combines static calibration using the open-circuit voltage method with dynamic metering using the ampere-hour integration method. When the system is in standby mode, with no power transmission and the base terminal voltage is stable, the co-controller records the stable open-circuit voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the base and divides it by the base's rated full-charge voltage to obtain the initial state of charge (SOC) value. Simultaneously, a temperature compensation coefficient is introduced to correct the rated capacity, eliminating capacity deviations caused by temperature changes and eliminating the cumulative error of the ampere-hour integration. Static calibration is automatically performed once after each charge and discharge cycle. During the charge and discharge process, the co-controller performs integration calculations based on the real-time collected charge and discharge current to obtain the current SOC value. The specific calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, This represents the current state of charge. This represents the initial state of charge. The rated capacity of the base; The charge / discharge efficiency coefficient; For a moment The real-time charging and discharging current is recorded, with the current taking a positive value during charging and a negative value during discharging. This refers to the duration of charging and discharging.

[0056] In this embodiment, the current sampling frequency is set to 100 Hz, which can accurately capture rapid power fluctuations. The co-controller adjusts the rated capacity in real time based on the concrete electrode temperature uploaded by the secondary communication unit. To offset the effects of capacity decay at low temperatures and slight capacity increase at high temperatures, the state of charge estimation error is controlled within 5% across the entire temperature range. Specifically, the base terminal voltage, charging and discharging current, and electrode temperature are sampled by the secondary-side microcontroller unit in the wireless charging receiver module and uploaded in real time to the primary-side control module of the wireless charging transmitter via load modulation communication frames. The primary-side control module then transmits the data to the cooperative controller via a wired communication link. The cooperative controller performs the state of charge calculation internally, while the secondary side is only responsible for raw data acquisition and uploading, maintaining a simplified circuit design at the pre-embedded end.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the charging control process of a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The collaborative controller continuously monitors the base's state of charge and external operating conditions at fixed intervals to determine whether charging start conditions are met. When the collaborative controller determines that the base's state of charge is below a preset charging threshold, it enters an external condition evaluation process. This external condition evaluation includes three parallel judgments: whether the system is in frequency regulation service, whether the grid electricity price is appropriate, and whether the system load allows it. Specifically, for determining whether the system is in frequency regulation service, the collaborative controller receives frequency regulation activation or deactivation commands from the grid energy management system via an industrial Ethernet interface. When a valid frequency regulation activation command is received and the system is in a normal grid-connected state, it is determined to be in frequency regulation service. At this time, charging is paused to prioritize frequency regulation response capability; the command update cycle does not exceed 1 second. To determine if the grid electricity price is appropriate, the collaborative controller receives time-of-use pricing information from the grid energy management system. If the current price is during a low-price period, it is considered appropriate. To determine if the system load is permissible, the collaborative controller collects the total load power of the site in real time through the smart meter at the grid connection point or the three-phase AC sampling circuit, or receives a regional load rate command from the grid energy management system. If the grid connection point has surplus power supply capacity and the load is light, it is considered that the load conditions are permissible. This avoids exacerbating the grid power supply pressure due to base charging. Only when the base's state of charge is below the charging threshold, and the above three external conditions are met simultaneously and the system is in an idle state, does the collaborative controller send a charging start command to the wireless charging transmitter and set the initial charging power. This triggering mechanism ensures that the base only charges during grid frequency regulation task intervals and low-price periods, avoiding affecting the grid frequency regulation response and reducing charging electricity costs.

[0058] In this embodiment, the coordinated controller is also used to manage the coordinated operation of the grid-side three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter and the external energy storage-side bidirectional DC-DC converter. In the grid-connected main operation mode, the grid-side three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter operates in voltage source mode, mainly stabilizing the high-voltage DC bus voltage. During charging, the grid provides DC input through rectification by the converter. During discharging, the energy fed back from the base is fed back to the grid through the converter. The external energy storage system is in standby mode, or is synchronously replenished by the grid according to the time-of-use pricing strategy. In the hybrid coordinated frequency regulation mode, the grid-side three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter and the external energy storage-side bidirectional DC-DC converter work together on the high-voltage DC bus. The grid undertakes the base load power, the external lithium battery smooths out minute-level power fluctuations, and the concrete base responds to second-level or millisecond-level frequency regulation pulses. In off-grid standby mode, the coordinating controller monitors the voltage amplitude and frequency of the grid side in real time. When grid undervoltage, phase loss, or power outage is detected, the controller controls the grid-side three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter to block pulses and exit operation within 10 milliseconds. At the same time, the controller controls the external energy storage-side bidirectional DC-DC converter to immediately and automatically switch to voltage source mode, taking over the voltage regulation control of the high-voltage DC bus, so that the bus voltage fluctuation does not exceed 5%, ensuring that the base energy storage can still perform wireless charging and discharging normally during grid power outages, achieving uninterrupted power supply. When the grid is restored, the coordinating controller controls the grid-side three-phase bidirectional power factor correction converter to first perform grid synchronization detection. After the phase and voltage amplitude are matched, it smoothly switches in, gradually increases the output power, and takes over the bus control. There is no current surge during the switching process, and it is imperceptible to wireless transmission and base energy storage operation.

[0059] This invention provides a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The system includes a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiver module, and a wireless charging transmitter. The wireless charging receiver module includes a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a secondary-side communication unit. During charging, the bidirectional power conversion circuit converts the high-frequency AC current induced by the receiving coil into DC current and outputs it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. During discharging, it converts the DC current output by the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency AC current and feeds it into the receiving coil. The secondary-side communication unit transmits the status information of the wireless charging receiver module back to the wireless charging transmitter by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The wireless charging transmitter includes a transmitting coil, a high-frequency inverter, and a primary-side control module. The primary-side control module monitors the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter and adjusts the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. Compared with existing technologies, this system eliminates the physical electrical connection point between the base and the charging end by using a pre-embedded wireless charging receiver module. It also uses a bidirectional power conversion circuit to complete the AC / DC bidirectional conversion in charging and discharging modes. At the same time, the primary-side control module automatically compensates for the resonant frequency shift caused by the drift of concrete medium parameters by adaptive frequency adjustment based on the phase difference of voltage and current. This avoids the risks of lead wire corrosion and sealing failure, while ensuring high-power, high-efficiency, maintenance-free bidirectional wireless energy transmission in harsh outdoor environments. It enables the base to achieve bidirectional wireless charging and discharging without physical electrical connection points in grid frequency regulation scenarios.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, using the wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base described above. The wireless charging system for the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base includes a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiver module, and a wireless charging transmitter. The method includes the following steps: S1. When an external DC power supply is connected to the wireless charging transmitter, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated, which radiates into the interior of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. S2. The high-frequency alternating magnetic field is induced by the receiving coil embedded in the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and high-frequency alternating current is output; S3. The high-frequency AC power is rectified and regulated into DC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and output to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base for charging; or, the DC power output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is inverted into high-frequency AC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and fed into the receiving coil for discharging. S4. During the rectification and voltage regulation or inversion process, the status information of the wireless charging receiving module is collected, and the status information is transmitted back to the wireless charging transmitting device via a magnetic field by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. S5. Monitor the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter in the wireless charging transmitter in real time, and adjust the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state, while demodulating the state information from the output current of the high-frequency inverter.

[0061] It should be noted that the sequence numbers of the above processes do not imply a sequential order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application. For specific limitations on a wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, please refer to the above limitations on a wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, which will not be repeated here. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the various modules and steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0062] This invention provides a wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The method includes generating a high-frequency alternating magnetic field when an external DC power supply is connected to a wireless charging transmitter, radiating the magnetic field into the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base; inducing the high-frequency alternating magnetic field through a receiving coil pre-embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, outputting high-frequency alternating current; rectifying and stabilizing the high-frequency alternating current into DC power through a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and outputting it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base for charging; or, using the DC power output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base... The bidirectional power conversion circuit inverts the current into high-frequency AC, which is then fed into the receiving coil for discharge. During rectification, voltage regulation, or inversion, the status information of the wireless charging receiving module is acquired, and this status information is transmitted back to the wireless charging transmitter via a magnetic field by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter in the wireless charging transmitter is monitored in real time, and the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter is adjusted according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. Simultaneously, the status information is demodulated from the output current of the high-frequency inverter. Compared with existing technologies, this method eliminates the physical electrical connection point between the base and the charging end through the pre-embedded wireless charging receiving module, and completes the bidirectional AC / DC conversion in charging and discharging mode using the bidirectional power conversion circuit. At the same time, the frequency adaptive adjustment based on the phase difference of voltage and current automatically compensates for the resonant frequency shift caused by the drift of concrete medium parameters. This avoids the risks of lead wire corrosion and sealing failure, while ensuring high-power, high-efficiency, maintenance-free bidirectional wireless energy transmission in harsh outdoor environments, enabling the base to achieve bidirectional wireless charging and discharging without physical electrical connection points in grid frequency regulation scenarios.

[0063] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of this invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, characterized in that, include: Conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, wireless charging receiver module and wireless charging transmitter; The wireless charging receiver module is embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base to form a fully enclosed integrated structure, and the wireless charging transmitter is located outside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The wireless charging receiver module includes a receiving coil, a bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a secondary communication unit. During charging, the bidirectional power conversion circuit converts the high-frequency alternating current induced by the receiving coil into direct current and outputs it to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. During discharging, it converts the direct current output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base into high-frequency alternating current and feeds it into the receiving coil. The secondary communication unit modulates the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit to transmit the status information of the wireless charging receiver module back to the wireless charging transmitter. The wireless charging transmitter includes a transmitting coil, a high-frequency inverter, and a primary-side control module; The primary-side control module monitors the phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter, and adjusts the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state.

2. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive carbon concrete energy storage base has a supercapacitor energy storage body embedded inside. The supercapacitor energy storage body includes positive and negative electrode layers and a porous current collection network embedded in the positive and negative electrode layers. The porous current collector is uniformly arranged along the entire length of the positive and negative electrode layers and a busbar is led out on the side close to the wireless charging receiver module. The porous current collector is used to receive DC current injection during charging and output DC current during discharging.

3. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving coil is connected to the AC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and the DC side of the bidirectional power conversion circuit is connected to the electrodes of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The receiving coil adopts a single-layer planar spiral structure made of multiple strands of Litz wire. The receiving coil is embedded in the upper area of ​​the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The plane of the receiving coil is parallel to the top surface of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. A structural protective layer is reserved between the surrounding area of ​​the receiving coil and the outer wall of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. Wherein, the diameter of a single conductor of the Litz wire is not greater than the skin depth of the copper conductor at the system operating frequency; the receiving coil is used to sense the high-frequency alternating magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil and output high-frequency alternating current.

4. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional power conversion circuit includes a controllable rectifier and a bidirectional DC-DC converter; the AC side of the controllable rectifier is electrically connected to the receiving coil, the DC side of the controllable rectifier is connected to one side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the other side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to the electrode of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The controllable rectifier adopts a full-bridge topology consisting of four switching transistors. It operates in synchronous rectification mode in charging mode and in high-frequency inverter mode in discharging mode. The bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to filter and regulate the pulsating DC output from the controllable rectifier in charging mode, and to boost the DC output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base to supply the controllable rectifier in discharging mode.

5. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The output terminal of the high-frequency inverter is connected to the transmitting coil, and the high-frequency inverter drives the transmitting coil to generate an alternating magnetic field; the primary-side control module is connected to the control terminal of the high-frequency inverter; The transmitting coil adopts a single-layer planar spiral structure that is symmetrically matched with the receiving coil, so that the transmitting coil and the receiving coil form a symmetrical magnetic coupling resonant structure; The high-frequency inverter is electrically connected to the transmitting coil. The high-frequency inverter is used to convert DC input power into high-frequency AC power, drive the transmitting coil to generate a high-frequency alternating magnetic field, so that the high-frequency alternating magnetic field passes through the concrete medium and induces high-frequency AC power in the receiving coil.

6. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The wireless charging receiver module also includes a housing, and the receiving coil, the bidirectional power conversion circuit and the secondary communication unit are all disposed inside the housing. The bottom of the encapsulation housing is provided with a DC power output terminal, which is crimped to the busbar of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and the crimping node is encapsulated with epoxy resin to form a low-resistance electrical connection, forming an insulating and sealed cavity.

7. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary communication unit is connected to the DC bus of the bidirectional power conversion circuit, and a power switching transistor is installed in the secondary communication unit. The secondary communication unit is specifically used to obtain working power from the DC bus and modulate the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit by controlling the on and off of the power switch tube, so that the reflected impedance of the receiving coil changes regularly, thereby reflecting the status information of the wireless charging receiving module to the primary control module in amplitude shift keying modulation; the status information includes the temperature and terminal voltage of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

8. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless charging transmitter also includes an adjustable bracket, and the transmitting coil is mounted on the adjustable bracket; The wireless charging transmitter is also used to perform two-dimensional translation and rotation adjustment in the horizontal plane via the adjustable bracket to compensate for the relative positional shift between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil caused by the foundation settlement of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base.

9. The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The system also includes a collaborative controller; the collaborative controller is communicatively connected to the wireless charging transmitter and the power grid energy management system, respectively. The collaborative controller is used to receive the grid frequency regulation command issued by the grid energy management system and the status information uploaded by the secondary communication unit, and to control the start-up, shutdown, output power and charging / discharging mode switching of the wireless charging transmitter according to the grid frequency regulation command and the status information. The collaborative controller is also used to trigger charging commands during power grid frequency regulation gaps or off-peak hours, and to adjust the output power of the wireless charging transmitter according to the temperature of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base through a proportional-integral closed-loop algorithm.

10. A wireless charging method for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, characterized in that, The wireless charging system for a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base wireless charging system comprises a conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, a wireless charging receiver module, and a wireless charging transmitter, and the method comprises the following steps: When an external DC power supply is connected to the wireless charging transmitter, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated, which radiates into the interior of the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base. The high-frequency alternating magnetic field is sensed by the receiving coil embedded inside the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base, and high-frequency alternating current is output. The high-frequency AC power is rectified and regulated into DC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and output to the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base for charging; or, the DC power output from the conductive carbon concrete energy storage base is inverted into high-frequency AC power by a bidirectional power conversion circuit and fed into the receiving coil for discharging. During the rectification, voltage regulation or inversion process, the status information of the wireless charging receiving module is collected, and the status information is transmitted back to the wireless charging transmitting device via a magnetic field by modulating the equivalent load impedance of the bidirectional power conversion circuit. The phase difference between the voltage and current on the output side of the high-frequency inverter in the wireless charging transmitter is monitored in real time, and the operating frequency of the high-frequency inverter is adjusted according to the phase difference to maintain the system in a resonant state. At the same time, the state information is demodulated from the output current of the high-frequency inverter.

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