Motor housing, motor and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a motor shell, a motor and a vehicle. The motor shell comprises a shell body, a plurality of oil pipes and two end covers. The shell body has a plurality of cooling water flow channels extending in the axial direction and distributed in the circumferential direction. The plurality of oil pipes are arranged in the plurality of cooling water flow channels one by one. The oil pipes extend in the axial direction of the shell body and are internally provided with cooling oil flow channels. A gap for the flow of cooling water is formed between the oil pipes and the wall surface of the cooling water flow channels. The two end covers are connected to the two axial ends of the shell body respectively. The end covers are provided with first flow channels communicated with the cooling water flow channels and second flow channels communicated with the cooling oil flow channels. The end covers are also provided with cooling water outlets communicated with the first flow channels and cooling oil outlets communicated with the second flow channels. The motor shell directly arranges the oil pipes in the cooling water flow channels, realizes high integration of water cooling and oil cooling, has high overall heat dissipation efficiency and compact space layout, and can effectively improve the heat dissipation performance and reliability of the motor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of vehicle technology, and particularly relates to an electric motor housing, an electric motor, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] As new energy vehicles continue to develop towards higher integration, higher power density, and higher overload rates, the operating conditions of automotive permanent magnet synchronous drive motors are becoming increasingly complex. Under typical operating conditions such as frequent start-stop and high-speed heavy load, the copper losses, iron losses, and stray losses of the motor increase significantly, and insufficient heat dissipation capacity has become a key factor restricting the improvement of motor performance and the reliability of vehicle operation.

[0003] Currently, mainstream heat dissipation solutions fall into two categories: single water cooling and independent oil cooling. Traditional casing water cooling mainly achieves indirect heat dissipation on the outside of the stator, with limited coverage of internal heat sources such as the winding ends and rotor, resulting in significant heat exchange blind spots. Excessive local temperature rise can easily lead to performance degradation of permanent magnets and aging of the insulation layer. While single oil cooling can achieve direct cooling deep into the motor, the cooling medium has a low specific heat capacity, limiting heat dissipation margin under heavy load conditions, and the system has high additional energy consumption. In recent years, oil-water composite cooling solutions have emerged, but in practical applications, they still face problems such as unreasonable flow path coupling design, poor temperature uniformity in hot and cold areas, and difficulty in matching the flow rates of the oil and water media. Overall heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control consistency need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a motor housing, a motor, and a vehicle, which integrates water cooling and oil cooling within the motor housing, resulting in high overall heat dissipation efficiency, a reasonable spatial layout, and a small size.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an electric motor housing, comprising: The shell body has multiple cooling water channels that extend along its axial direction and are distributed circumferentially; Multiple oil pipes are correspondingly installed within multiple cooling water channels. The oil pipes extend axially along the casing body and contain cooling oil channels; and... Two end caps are respectively connected to the two ends of the shell body in its axial direction. The end caps are provided with a first flow channel communicating with multiple cooling water flow channels and a second flow channel communicating with multiple cooling oil flow channels. The end caps are also provided with a cooling water port communicating with the first flow channel and a cooling oil port communicating with the second flow channel.

[0006] According to the motor housing of this application, by setting oil pipes within the cooling water flow channels of the housing body, the cooling water directly coats the outer wall of the oil pipes and exchanges heat with them. This results in low thermal resistance and high heat dissipation efficiency, simultaneously meeting the combined cooling requirements of water cooling on the outside of the stator and oil cooling inside the motor. The structure of the oil pipes passing through the cooling water flow channels allows for a high degree of integration between the oil cooling channel and the water cooling channel within the wall thickness of the housing body. This eliminates the need to increase the housing wall thickness or set up inner and outer double-layer flow channels, resulting in a reasonable spatial layout and a small overall motor size. The two end caps each integrate the first and second flow channels, realizing the distribution of cooling water and cooling oil. The flow path design is compact, and the medium flow rate is easy to match and control, which helps to improve the uniformity of temperature distribution in hot and cold areas.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, the end cap is provided with a plurality of water passage holes and a plurality of oil passage holes on the side facing the shell body; one end of the water passage hole is connected to the cooling water flow channel and the other end is connected to the first flow channel; one end of the oil passage hole is connected to the cooling oil flow channel and the other end is connected to the second flow channel.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, the cooling water channel has a first sidewall and a second sidewall disposed opposite to each other in the circumferential direction of the shell body, the oil pipe is attached to the first sidewall and spaced apart from the second sidewall; the oil passage hole is disposed between two adjacent water passage holes.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the end cap is further provided with a plurality of oil injection grooves on the side facing the shell body; along the axial direction of the shell body, at least a portion of the projection of the oil injection grooves on the end cap is offset from the projection of the shell body on the end cap, and the offset portion is located inside the shell body; the plurality of oil injection grooves and the plurality of oil passage holes are alternately distributed along the circumference of the shell body, and an oil injection groove or an oil passage hole is provided between two adjacent water passage holes; the oil injection groove on one end cap and the oil passage hole on the other end cap are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the shell body, so that one end of the cooling oil flow channel is connected to the oil injection groove, and the other end of the cooling oil flow channel is connected to the oil passage hole.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, an annular platform is provided on the side of the end cap facing the shell body. The annular platform is located inside the shell body and abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the shell body. The portion of the oil injection groove that is offset from the shell body is located on the annular platform.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, both the first flow channel and the second flow channel are annular flow channels, and the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged radially apart along the end cap.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, the end cap includes: The end cap body has a first annular groove and a second annular groove arranged radially at intervals on the side of the end cap body away from the shell body. A waterway cover, arranged in a ring shape, covers the opening of the first annular groove, thereby defining the first flow channel together with the first annular groove; and, The oil passage cover plate is arranged in a ring shape and covers the opening of the second annular groove, so as to define the second flow channel together with the second annular groove.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the first annular groove is located on the outer side of the second annular groove in the radial direction, the cooling water inlet is located on the outer peripheral wall of the end cover body, and the cooling oil inlet is located on the oil passage cover plate.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this application, the shell body includes: The outer casing is cylindrical in shape; and, The inner shell is located inside the outer shell. The main body of the inner shell is a cylindrical shape that is coaxial with the outer shell and is radially spaced from the outer shell. The outer peripheral wall of the inner shell is provided with multiple ribs that extend along its axial direction and are spaced apart circumferentially. The end of the rib away from the inner shell is press-fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell. The outer shell, the inner shell, and two adjacent ribs together enclose and form a cooling water flow channel.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides an electric motor, which includes: Motor housing of any embodiment of the first aspect; Both the stator assembly and the rotor assembly are installed inside the housing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the motor provided in the second aspect of this application are the same as those of the motor housing provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0017] Thirdly, this application provides a vehicle comprising: Vehicle body; The second type of motor is installed in the vehicle body.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the vehicle provided in the third aspect of this application are the same as those of the motor housing provided in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a motor provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of the motor housing provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of the shell body provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the shell body provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the motor provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the end cap structure provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is another partial structural schematic diagram of the motor provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Sectional view at point BB; Figure 10 yes Figure 8 Sectional view at CC; Figure 11 This is another structural schematic diagram of the end cap provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is an exploded structural diagram of the end cap provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the end cap body provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 14 These are schematic diagrams of the outer casing provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 15 These are schematic diagrams of the inner shell structure provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the inner shell and oil pipe provided in some embodiments of this application.

[0021] Figure label: 1. Motor; 10. Motor housing; 100. Housing body; 110. Cooling water channel; 111. First side wall; 112. Second side wall; 120. Outer housing; 130. Inner housing; 131. Rib; 200. Oil pipe; 210. Cooling oil channel; 300. End cover; 310. End cover body; 311. First channel; 312. Second channel; 313. Cooling water inlet; 314. Water passage hole; 315. Oil passage hole; 316. Oil spray groove; 317. Annular platform; 318. First annular groove; 319. Second annular groove; 320. Water channel cover plate; 330. Oil channel cover plate; 331. Cooling oil inlet; 20. Stator assembly; 30. Rotor assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0022] As new energy vehicles continue to develop towards higher integration, higher power density, and higher overload rates, the operating conditions of automotive permanent magnet synchronous drive motors are becoming increasingly complex. Under typical operating conditions such as frequent start-stop and high-speed heavy load, the copper losses, iron losses, and stray losses of the motor increase significantly, and insufficient heat dissipation capacity has become a key factor restricting the improvement of motor performance and the reliability of vehicle operation.

[0023] Currently, mainstream heat dissipation solutions fall into two categories: single water cooling and independent oil cooling. Traditional casing water cooling mainly achieves indirect heat dissipation on the outside of the stator, with limited coverage of internal heat sources such as the winding ends and rotor, resulting in significant heat exchange blind spots. Excessive local temperature rise can easily lead to performance degradation of permanent magnets and aging of the insulation layer. While single oil cooling can achieve direct cooling deep into the motor, the cooling medium has a low specific heat capacity, limiting heat dissipation margin under heavy load conditions, and the system has high additional energy consumption. In recent years, oil-water composite cooling solutions have emerged, but in practical applications, they still face problems such as unreasonable flow path coupling design, poor temperature uniformity in hot and cold areas, and difficulty in matching the flow rates of the oil and water media. Overall heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control consistency need to be improved.

[0024] In related technologies, some technical solutions employ the arrangement of inner and outer double-layer water-cooling channels and oil-cooling channels within the motor housing. This multi-layered structure occupies a large amount of space, and the wall thickness between the oil and water channels is relatively thick, resulting in poor heat exchange.

[0025] Based on the above considerations, this application proposes a motor housing, a motor, and a vehicle, which integrates water cooling and oil cooling within the motor housing, resulting in high overall heat dissipation efficiency, a reasonable spatial layout, and a small size.

[0026] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0027] The following is for reference. Figures 1-16 This application describes a motor housing and a motor according to embodiments thereof.

[0028] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6This application provides a motor housing 10. The motor housing 10 includes a housing body 100, a plurality of oil pipes 200, and two end caps 300. The housing body 100 has a plurality of cooling water channels 110 extending axially and distributed circumferentially. The plurality of oil pipes 200 are correspondingly disposed within the plurality of cooling water channels 110, and the oil pipes 200 extend axially along the housing body 100, and each oil pipe 200 has a cooling oil channel 210. The two end caps 300 are respectively connected to the two ends of the housing body 100 in its axial direction. The end caps 300 are provided with a first channel 311 communicating with the plurality of cooling water channels 110 and a second channel 312 communicating with the plurality of cooling oil channels 210. The end caps 300 are also provided with a cooling water inlet 313 communicating with the first channel 311 and a cooling oil inlet 331 communicating with the second channel 312.

[0029] The housing body 100 is the main load-bearing structure of the motor housing 10, used to house the stator and rotor assembly 30 of the motor 1. The housing body 100 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with its axial direction corresponding to the direction of the main shaft of the motor 1; the circumferential direction refers to the circumferential direction around the central axis of the housing body 100.

[0030] Cooling water channels 110 are disposed within the wall thickness of the housing body 100, extending axially through or partially through both end faces of the housing body 100, to allow cooling water to circulate and carry away heat conducted from the housing body 100 and internal heating elements to the shell. The cross-sectional shape of the cooling water channels 110 can be designed as at least one of the following: circular, oblong, rectangular, or elliptical, depending on the manufacturing process and heat exchange requirements. The number of cooling water channels 110 is not strictly limited; for example, four, six, eight, ten, or more can be provided, the specific number determined by the power rating and heat dissipation requirements of the motor 1. The multiple cooling water channels 110 are evenly distributed circumferentially to ensure uniform cooling across all circumferential areas of the housing body 100.

[0031] The oil pipe 200 is used to supply cooling oil for internal flow, thereby achieving direct or indirect cooling of the internal heat source of the motor 1. The outer diameter of the oil pipe 200 is smaller than the aperture of the cooling water flow channel 110, so that the oil pipe 200 can be inserted into the cooling water flow channel 110 and placed entirely within the water passage of the cooling water flow channel 110.

[0032] The gap between the oil pipe 200 and the cooling water flow channel 110 forms the flow path of the cooling water. When the cooling water flows in this gap, it comes into direct contact with the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and exchanges heat with the cooling oil inside the pipe through the wall of the oil pipe 200.

[0033] The axial length of the oil pipe 200 is adapted to the axial length of the cooling water flow channel 110, and can be equal to the length of the cooling water flow channel 110, so that both ends of the oil pipe 200 extend to the end faces of both ends of the shell body 100, which facilitates docking with the second flow channel 312 on the end cover 300.

[0034] The number of oil pipes 200 corresponds to the number of cooling water channels 110, with one corresponding oil pipe 200 located within each cooling water channel 110. The oil pipes 200 can be arranged in various ways within the cooling water channels 110. In some examples, the oil pipe 200 is detachably connected to the housing body 100, and the oil pipe 200 is fixed within the cooling water channel 110 by the clamping action of end caps 300. When the end caps 300 are assembled to both ends of the housing body 100, the inner end faces of the end caps 300 axially press the two ends of the oil pipe 200 together, restricting axial movement of the oil pipe 200. In other examples, the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 is radially fixed to the inner wall of the cooling water channel 110 through an interference fit, and the oil pipe 200 is held in the center position of the cooling water channel 110 by the interference force. In some other examples, the inner wall of the cooling water channel 110 is provided with axially extending positioning ribs or positioning slots, and the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 is provided with corresponding guide slots or snap-fit ​​structures. Through the cooperation of the positioning ribs and guide slots or the snap-fit ​​and slots, the oil pipe 200 is fixed in a predetermined position within the cooling water channel 110.

[0035] In some embodiments, the wall thickness of the oil pipe 200 can be less than the distance between the wall of the cooling water channel 110 and the inner or outer wall of the shell body 100. For example, the oil pipe 200 can be injection molded from plastic material, and its wall thickness can be between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, much smaller than the wall thickness of the metal shell body. Furthermore, the oil pipe 200 can be injection molded within the cooling water channel 110, eliminating assembly steps and improving molding effect and assembly efficiency. The plastic oil pipe 200 not only has a thin wall thickness and occupies little space, but the plastic material with a moderate thermal conductivity (such as thermally modified nylon, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.) can achieve good heat conduction while ensuring structural strength, enabling efficient heat exchange between cooling water and cooling oil.

[0036] In other embodiments, the oil pipe 200 may also be a thin-walled metal pipe, such as a thin-walled stainless steel pipe or a copper pipe, to further improve the heat conduction efficiency. However, the wall thickness of metal pipes usually needs to take into account both processing technology and pressure resistance requirements, and is not as advantageous as plastic pipes in terms of thin-walled design.

[0037] There are several ways to connect the tubing 200 and the end cap 300. In some examples, the end of the tubing 200 is directly inserted into the corresponding second flow channel 312 port on the end cap 300, and the two are sealed by a sealing ring. In other examples, the end of the tubing 200 is provided with a flared flange, and the second flow channel 312 port of the end cap 300 is provided with a countersunk hole. The flared flange at the end of the tubing 200 is embedded in the countersunk hole and is sealed and fixed by the end cap 300.

[0038] End caps 300 are connected to both axial ends of the housing body 100, one being a front end cap 300 and the other a rear end cap 300. The end caps 300 are used to close the openings at both ends of the housing body 100 and provide mounting support for the bearings of the motor 1 rotor, while also serving the function of distributing and collecting cooling media. The connection between the end caps 300 and the housing body 100 can take various forms. In some examples, the end caps 300 are fixedly connected to the end face of the housing body 100 by multiple bolts spaced circumferentially. In other examples, the end caps 300 and the housing body 100 are connected by snap rings or clips for quick assembly and disassembly. In still other examples, the end caps 300 and the housing body 100 are fixedly connected by welding, suitable for applications requiring high sealing performance.

[0039] The first flow channel 311 provided on the end cover 300 is connected to multiple cooling water flow channels 110 on the shell body 100. The first flow channel 311 forms a cooling water distribution or collection channel inside the end cover 300. The first flow channel 311 can be divided into an inlet collection channel and an outlet collection channel according to its function.

[0040] When the cooling water inlet 313 is used as an inlet, the first flow channel 311 connected to the cooling water inlet 313 is a distribution flow channel, which distributes the cooling water introduced by the cooling water inlet 313 to each cooling water flow channel 110; the first flow channel 311 on the opposite end cap 300 is a collecting flow channel, which collects the cooling water after flowing through each cooling water flow channel 110 and flows out through the cooling water inlet 313 at that end. The specific form of the first flow channel 311 can be an annular channel or a radial branch channel cast inside the end cap 300, or it can be an annular groove opened on the inner end face of the end cap 300, forming a sealed flow channel space enclosed by the end cap 300 and the end face of the shell body 100.

[0041] A cooling water inlet 313 is located on the end cover 300 and communicates with the first flow channel 311. The cooling water inlet 313 is used to connect to the external cooling water pipeline, serving as the interface for cooling water to enter and exit the motor housing 10. Each of the two end covers 300 can have one cooling water inlet 313, one as an inlet and the other as an outlet; alternatively, both an inlet and an outlet can be located on one end cover 300, in which case the end cover 300 contains two first flow channels 311 for both water supply and return, while the other end cover 300 contains only a connecting flow channel connecting each cooling water flow channel 110, allowing cooling water to return from the cooling water flow channels 110 of the end cover 300. The interface type of the cooling water inlet 313 can be any one of a threaded interface, a quick-connect interface, or a flange interface, to adapt to and connect with external pipelines.

[0042] The second flow channel 312 provided on the end cap 300 is connected to the cooling oil flow channel 210 in the multiple oil pipes 200. The second flow channel 312 forms a cooling oil distribution channel inside the end cap 300. The second flow channel 312 in both end caps 300 can be a distribution channel, that is, the cooling oil enters the corresponding end's second flow channel 312 from the cooling oil port 331 of the two end caps 300 respectively, and is distributed by the second flow channel 312 to the cooling oil flow channel 210 of each oil pipe 200. The cooling oil flows axially along the oil pipe 200 and flows out from the end of the oil pipe 200 or the opening on the pipe wall, spraying into the inside of the housing body 100, directly cooling and lubricating the stator winding end and rotor and other components inside the housing body 100. Then, the cooling oil collects to the bottom of the housing body 100 under the action of gravity, is collected and recovered by the oil collection structure at the bottom of the housing body 100 and returned to the external oil circuit. The second flow channel 312 can be a ring-shaped distribution channel cast inside the end cap 300. The ring-shaped distribution channel is arranged around the central axis of the end cap 300, and the end openings of each oil pipe 200 are connected one by one on the bottom or side wall of the ring-shaped distribution channel.

[0043] For example, the port of the oil pipe 200 extending to the end face of the housing body 100 may be provided with an oil nozzle extending inward toward the interior of the housing body 100. Cooling oil flows through the oil pipe 200 and is sprayed out from the oil nozzle, spraying onto the end surface of the winding. Alternatively, an oil spray hole may be formed in the oil pipe 200 near the end face of the housing body 100. As the cooling oil flows inside the oil pipe 200, part of it is sprayed out from the oil spray hole, and part continues to flow axially to the other end cap 300 and is sprayed out. Furthermore, a flow guiding structure may be provided in the second flow channel 312 of the end cap 300 to guide the cooling oil from the end of the oil pipe 200 to different spray positions inside the housing body 100.

[0044] Cooling oil inlet 331 is provided on end cap 300 and communicates with second flow channel 312. Cooling oil inlet 331 is used to connect external cooling oil pipes 200, serving as the interface for cooling oil to enter the second flow channel 312 of end cap 300. Cooling oil inlet 331 can be provided on both end caps 300. In some embodiments, external cooling oil pipes 200 supply oil to the cooling oil inlets 331 of the two end caps 300 respectively, so that cooling oil enters each oil pipe 200 from both ends simultaneously, thereby improving the flow rate and distribution uniformity of cooling oil in the oil pipes 200. In other embodiments, the two second flow channels 312 can be communicated with different oil pipes 200 respectively, with one end of the oil pipe 200 communicating with one of the second flow channels 312 and the other end serving as an oil spray port.

[0045] The cooling oil port 331 can be any of a threaded interface, quick-connect interface, or flange interface, and should be kept at an appropriate distance from the cooling water port 313 on the end cover 300 to avoid pipeline interference. The cooling oil port 331 and the cooling water port 313 can be located in the edge area of ​​the end cover 300 or on the side wall of the end cover 300, and the specific location is determined according to the overall vehicle pipeline layout requirements.

[0046] As a supplementary implementation of the above scheme, the second flow channels 312 on the two end caps 300 can also be used as oil inlet distribution channels and oil outlet collection channels, respectively. That is, cooling oil enters the second flow channel 312 from the cooling oil port 331 of one end cap 300, flows axially through the cooling oil flow channels 210 of each oil pipe 200 to the second flow channel 312 of the other end cap 300, and flows out through the cooling oil port 331 on that end cap 300, realizing unidirectional through-flow of cooling oil within the oil pipes 200. In this implementation, the cooling oil mainly acts as a heat exchange medium, carrying away the heat of the motor 1 through heat exchange with the cooling water, rather than necessarily spraying it into the motor 1. This implementation is suitable for scenarios where oil cooling spray is not required inside the motor 1 or only heat exchange within the pipes is needed.

[0047] In this embodiment of the application, during operation, cooling water enters the first flow channel 311 inside the end cover 300 from an external cooling water pipe via a cooling water inlet 313. The cooling water is then distributed from the first flow channel 311 to the cooling water flow channels 110 on the housing body 100. The cooling water flows axially in each cooling water flow channel 110, passing over the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and exchanging heat with the cooling oil inside the oil pipe 200. Cooling oil enters the second flow channel 312 inside the end cover 300 from an external cooling oil pipe 200 via a cooling oil inlet 331. The cooling oil is then distributed from the second flow channel 312 to the cooling oil flow channels 210 inside each oil pipe 200, flowing axially. At the wall of the oil pipe 200, the cooling oil transfers the heat carried from inside the motor 1 to the cooling water outside the pipe, where the cooling water carries away the heat. After flowing through the cooling water channels 110 of the housing body 100, the cooling water collects in the first channel 311 of the other end cover 300 and flows out through the cooling water outlet 313 at that end. After flowing through the oil pipes 200, the cooling oil is sprayed from the end of the oil pipe 200 or the opening in the pipe wall, spraying onto the stator winding end and rotor surface inside the housing body 100 for direct cooling and lubrication. Subsequently, the cooling oil falls to the bottom of the housing body 100 under gravity, is collected and recovered by the oil collection structure, and returned to the external oil circuit for recycling. By placing the oil pipes 200 directly inside the cooling water channels 110, and the cooling water directly covering the outer wall of the oil pipes 200, the heat exchange path between the two is only the wall thickness of the oil pipe 200, resulting in extremely low thermal resistance and significantly improved heat exchange efficiency. Meanwhile, the oil pipe 200 and the cooling water channel 110 share the wall thickness of the housing 100, eliminating the need for separate oil and water channels on the housing 100 and the need for an inner and outer double-layer flow channel structure. This results in high space utilization and effective control of the radial dimensions of the motor housing 10, which is beneficial for the compactness and miniaturization of the motor 1. The two end caps 300 integrate cooling water distribution and oil distribution functions, respectively, making the piping connections of the entire cooling system centralized and the external piping layout simple. Cooling oil is sprayed from the oil pipe 200 into the motor 1 to directly cool the stator winding ends, effectively eliminating the problem of heat exchange blind spots at the winding ends in traditional water cooling solutions. At the same time, the cooling oil lubricates the rotor and bearings, improving the operational reliability of the motor 1.

[0048] According to the motor housing 10 provided in this application, by setting an oil pipe 200 in the cooling water channel 110 of the housing body 100, the cooling water directly covers the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and exchanges heat with it. The heat exchange thermal resistance is small and the heat dissipation efficiency is high, which can simultaneously meet the combined cooling requirements of water cooling heat dissipation on the outside of the stator and oil cooling heat dissipation heat dissipation inside the motor 1. The structure of the oil pipe 200 passing through the cooling water channel 110 makes the oil cooling channel and the water cooling channel highly integrated within the wall thickness space of the housing body 100. It does not require additional housing wall thickness or the setting of inner and outer double-layer channels. The spatial layout is reasonable and the overall volume of the motor 1 is small. The two end caps 300 each integrate the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312, respectively realizing the distribution and collection of cooling water and cooling oil. The flow path design is compact, the medium flow rate is easy to match and control, which is conducive to improving the temperature distribution uniformity of hot and cold areas.

[0049] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 The dashed arrows in the diagram represent the flow direction of the cooling oil.

[0050] According to some embodiments of this application, the end cap 300 is provided with a plurality of water passage holes 314 and a plurality of oil passage holes 315 on the side facing the shell body 100. One end of the water passage hole 314 is connected to the cooling water flow channel 110 and the other end is connected to the first flow channel 311. One end of the oil passage hole 315 is connected to the cooling oil flow channel 210 and the other end is connected to the second flow channel 312.

[0051] The end cap 300 has a disc-shaped structure, with one end face facing the housing body 100 (i.e., the inner end face) and one end face away from the housing body 100 (i.e., the outer end face). The side facing the housing body 100 is the mounting surface of the end cap 300, which is in contact with or seals against the axial end face of the housing body 100. The first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are both located inside the end cap 300, meaning that corresponding flow channel cavities are formed within the wall thickness of the end cap 300. Integrating the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 inside the end cap 300 fully utilizes the thickness of the end cap 300, eliminating the need for exposed flow channel pipes on the outside of the end cap 300. This contributes to the flatness of the outer surface of the end cap 300 and the compactness of the overall appearance of the motor 1. The first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 can be located at different height levels inside the end cover 300. They are isolated from each other by the solid wall thickness inside the end cover 300 to ensure that cooling water and cooling oil do not cross-flow inside the end cover 300.

[0052] A water passage 314 is located on the side of the end cap 300 facing the housing body 100. The water passage 314 is a through-hole structure that penetrates the inner end face of the end cap 300 to the first flow channel 311. Its position on the inner end face of the end cap 300 corresponds one-to-one with the port position of each cooling water flow channel 110 on the housing body 100. One end of the water passage 314 is connected to the corresponding port of the cooling water flow channel 110, and the other end is connected to the first flow channel 311, so that cooling water can flow between the first flow channel 311 and the cooling water flow channel 110. When the first flow channel 311 connected to the water passage 314 is a water inlet distribution channel, cooling water flows from the first flow channel 311 into each cooling water flow channel 110 through the water passage 314; when the first flow channel 311 connected to the water passage 314 is a water outlet collection channel, cooling water flows from each cooling water flow channel 110 into the first flow channel 311 through the water passage 314. The cross-sectional shape of the water passage 314 can be a circular hole, an elliptical hole, or an oblong hole. Its diameter is adapted to the port diameter of the cooling water flow channel 110, neither too narrow to avoid increasing flow resistance, nor too wide to avoid affecting the structural strength of the end cover 300.

[0053] The number of water passages 314 is the same as the number of cooling water channels 110, that is, multiple water passages 314 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the end cap 300, corresponding one-to-one with the ports of each cooling water channel 110 on the shell body 100. In some embodiments, the water passages 314 can be arranged in a ring array on the end face of the end cap 300 facing the shell body 100, with each water passage 314 corresponding to one cooling water channel 110. In other embodiments, when the cross-sectional shape of the cooling water channel 110 is a waist-shaped hole or a rectangular hole, the shape and size of the water passages 314 can also be set to the same waist-shaped or rectangular cross-section to avoid eddies and pressure loss of cooling water at the transition of the channel.

[0054] There are several ways to seal the connection between the water passage 314 and the cooling water channel 110 port. In some examples, an annular sealing groove is provided around the periphery of the water passage 314 port, and an O-ring is embedded in the sealing groove. After the end cap 300 and the shell body 100 end faces are pressed together, the sealing ring is compressed, achieving a sealed connection between the water passage 314 and the cooling water channel 110. In other examples, the water passage 314 port has a flared structure, and the shell body 100 end face has a matching boss at a corresponding position. The two are sealed by end face compression. In still other examples, an independent sealing gasket is provided between the water passage 314 port and the cooling water channel 110 port. The sealing gasket has through holes corresponding to each hole position. After the end cap 300 and the shell body 100 are fastened together, the sealing gasket is pressed together to achieve an overall seal.

[0055] An oil passage hole 315 is located on the side of the end cap 300 facing the housing body 100. The oil passage hole 315 is a through-hole structure penetrating the inner end face of the end cap 300 to the second flow channel 312. Its position on the inner end face of the end cap 300 corresponds to the position of the cooling oil flow channel 210 port at the end of each oil pipe 200 on the housing body 100. One end of the oil passage hole 315 communicates with the cooling oil flow channel 210 port of the corresponding oil pipe 200, and the other end communicates with the second flow channel 312, thereby allowing cooling oil to flow between the second flow channel 312 and the cooling oil flow channel 210. The cross-sectional shape of the oil passage hole 315 can be a circular hole, a rectangular hole, or an oblong hole, etc., and its diameter is adapted to the port diameter of the cooling oil flow channel 210 inside the oil pipe 200. In practical applications, since the oil pipe 200 is a thin-walled pipe, the connection between the oil passage hole 315 and the end of the oil pipe 200 requires high alignment accuracy.

[0056] The relationship between the number of oil passage holes 315 and the number of oil pipes 200 is not strictly limited and can vary depending on the oil supply method of the cooling oil.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, the two end caps 300 are each responsible for supplying oil to a portion of the oil pipes 200. Specifically, cooling oil enters the second flow channel 312 of each end cap 300 from its cooling oil port 331, and is then distributed to a portion of the oil pipes 200 via corresponding oil passage holes 315. In this configuration, the number of oil passage holes 315 on one end cap 300 is half the total number of oil pipes 200, and the other end cap 300 has the other half of the oil passage holes 315. The oil passage holes 315 of the two end caps 300 are alternately distributed or grouped circumferentially, so that each oil pipe 200 is supplied with oil by only one end cap 300. The cooling oil flows from that end cap 300 to the end of the other end cap 300 within the oil pipe 200 and then sprays out. For example, when there are eight oil pipes 200, one end cap 300 can be provided with four oil passage holes 315, corresponding to four of the oil pipes 200 respectively, and the other end cap 300 can be provided with another four oil passage holes 315, corresponding to the remaining four oil pipes 200. The oil passage holes 315 on the two end caps 300 can be staggered in the circumferential direction to achieve uniform spray distribution of cooling oil in the circumferential direction inside the shell body 100.

[0058] In other embodiments, the oil passage holes 315 on the two end caps 300 can also correspond one-to-one with all the oil pipes 200, that is, the number of oil passage holes 315 on each end cap 300 is equal to the total number of oil pipes 200. The two end caps 300 supply oil to all oil pipes 200 at the same time, so that the cooling oil flows from both ends to the middle in the oil pipes 200 and is sprayed out from the opening in the middle of the oil pipe or the oil spray hole in the pipe wall. This embodiment is suitable for application scenarios where the oil pipes 200 are long and need to be supplied with oil from both ends at the same time to ensure sufficient oil pressure at the end of the flow channel.

[0059] The distribution of the oil passage holes 315 on the end face of the end cap 300 facing the housing body 100 is adapted to the oil supply method. When each end cap 300 is responsible for half of the oil pipes 200, the oil passage holes 315 are distributed at intervals or in groups in the circumferential direction. Taking eight oil pipes 200 as an example, the four oil passage holes 315 on one end cap 300 can be evenly distributed, that is, one oil passage hole 315 is set for every other oil pipe 200, and the four oil passage holes 315 on the other end cap 300 correspond to the positions of the remaining four oil pipes 200; or the eight oil pipes 200 can be divided into two groups, with four adjacent ones in each group, one end cap 300 responsible for one group and the other end cap 300 responsible for the other group.

[0060] The sealing method between the oil passage 315 and the cooling oil flow channel 210 at the end of the oil pipe 200 can also be varied. In some examples, the end of the oil pipe 200 is inserted into the oil passage 315 and press-fitted therewith, with the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and the inner wall of the oil passage 315 achieving a seal through the interference force. In other examples, the end of the oil pipe 200 is provided with a flared or flanged portion, and a countersunk hole is provided at the port of the oil passage 315. The flared or flanged portion is embedded in the countersunk hole and sealed by the end cap 300. In still other examples, the end of the oil pipe 200 and the oil passage 315 are connected by an independent sealing joint. One end of the sealing joint is inserted into the port of the oil pipe 200, and the other end is inserted into the oil passage 315. The outer wall of the sealing joint is provided with at least one sealing ring to achieve a bidirectional seal.

[0061] The end cap 300 has a water passage 314 and an oil passage 315 on the side facing the housing body 100. The first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are located inside the end cap 300. This "hole-cavity" structure allows the end cap 300 to simultaneously perform multiple functions of sealing, distribution, and connection. In the assembled state, the water passage 314 and the oil passage 315 respectively connect the water and oil passages on the side of the housing body 100 to the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 inside the end cap 300, realizing the diversion and distribution of the cooling medium from the external interface to the internal flow path of the housing body 100. The outer end face of the end cap 300 remains flat, which facilitates the centralized setting of the external interface and the simple layout of the vehicle's piping. This structural layout allows the end cap 300 to be assembled by simply fitting its inner end face against the end face of the housing body 100, which simultaneously completes the connection of all water and oil passages, resulting in high assembly efficiency and avoiding complex pipe insertion operations. Meanwhile, the position of the water passage 314 on the inner end face of the end cover 300 corresponds one-to-one with the cooling water flow channel 110 port on the end face of the shell body 100. The number and position of the oil passage 315 are flexibly set according to the oil supply method. Each docking point is effectively isolated by a sealing structure, reducing the risk of leakage.

[0062] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The dashed arrows in the diagram represent the flow direction of the cooling oil. According to some embodiments of this application, the cooling water channel 110 has a first sidewall 111 and a second sidewall 112 that are arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction of the shell body 100. The oil pipe 200 is attached to the first sidewall 111 and spaced apart from the second sidewall 112. The oil passage 315 is located between two adjacent water passages 314.

[0063] The cooling water channel 110 is an axially extending through hole or channel structure provided inside the wall thickness of the shell body 100. Its cross-sectional shape can be circular, waist-shaped, rectangular or elliptical. In some examples, the cross-section of the cooling water channel 110 is a fan-shaped segment concentric with the axis of the shell body 100.

[0064] The circumferential direction of the cooling water channel 110 is the direction surrounding the central axis of the shell body 100. In the cross-section of the cooling water channel 110, the first sidewall 111 and the second sidewall 112 are two opposing walls in the circumferential direction. With the radial direction of the shell body 100 as a reference, the first sidewall 111 can be the wall of the adjacent cooling water channel 110 closer to one side in the circumferential direction, and the second sidewall 112 is the opposing wall of the cooling water channel 110 closer to the other side.

[0065] The oil pipe 200 is disposed inside the cooling water flow channel 110, and its outer wall is in contact with the first side wall 111. "In contact" means that the outer surface of the oil pipe 200 is in contact with the surface of the first side wall 111 and maintains axial contact; the two can form surface contact or line contact. After the oil pipe 200 is in contact with the first side wall 111, its radial position within the cooling water flow channel 110 is limited by the first side wall 111, and the gap between the oil pipe 200 and the first side wall 111 is extremely small or even zero, which helps to reduce the flow of cooling water between the oil pipe 200 and the first side wall 111. In some embodiments, the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and the first side wall 111 can be fixedly connected by adhesive or welding, keeping the oil pipe 200 in contact with the first side wall 111. In other embodiments, the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and the first side wall 111 are in contact through an interference fit, and the oil pipe 200 is pressed tightly against the first side wall 111. In some other embodiments, the first sidewall 111 is provided with a positioning groove or positioning recess extending along the axial direction, and the oil pipe 200 is partially embedded in the positioning groove or positioning recess to achieve fitting and positioning.

[0066] The oil pipe 200 is spaced apart from the second sidewall 112, meaning there is a gap between the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and the second sidewall 112. This gap forms the main channel for cooling water within the cooling water flow channel 110. Because the oil pipe 200 is located against the first sidewall 111 and deviates from the central area of ​​the cooling water flow channel 110, a large cavity is left on one side of the second sidewall 112, allowing cooling water to flow smoothly axially within this gap, contacting at least a portion of the surface of the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and exchanging heat.

[0067] Oil pipes 200 are positioned within the cooling water flow channels 110, fitting against the first sidewall 111 and spaced apart from the second sidewall 112, such that all oil pipes 200 are offset to the same side of their respective cooling water flow channels 110. Specifically, among the multiple cooling water flow channels 110 distributed circumferentially on the shell body 100, the oil pipes 200 within each cooling water flow channel 110 are fitted against the first sidewall 111 of that cooling water flow channel 110. Since the first sidewall 111 is located on the same side of each cooling water flow channel 110 in the circumferential direction, the positions of all oil pipes 200 in the circumferential cross-section are offset to the same side. This arrangement results in the water flow channels within the cooling water flow channels 110 located between the oil pipes 200 and the second sidewall 112 being alternately distributed with the oil pipes 200 in the circumferential direction. Since the oil pipes 200 are all biased to the same side, when viewed on the circumferential cross-section of the shell body 100, the positions of the oil pipes 200 and the water flow channels are arranged alternately along the circumferential direction, which is conducive to the balanced temperature distribution of cooling water and cooling oil in the circumferential direction.

[0068] An oil passage 315 is located between two adjacent water passages 314. Both the oil passage 315 and the water passage 314 are located on the end face of the end cap 300 facing the housing body 100, and both penetrate at least a portion of the thickness of the end cap 300 along its axial direction. The oil passage 315 is located between two adjacent water passages 314, meaning that along the circumferential direction of the end cap 300, one oil passage 315 is arranged between two adjacent water passages 314, such that the oil passages 315 and water passages 314 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. Since the cooling water channels 110 correspond one-to-one with the water passages 314, two adjacent water passages 314 correspond to two adjacent cooling water channels 110 on the housing body 100, and the oil passage 315 corresponds to the oil pipe 200 within the corresponding cooling water channel 110. The oil passage 315 is located between two adjacent water passages 314, which means that the oil passage 315 is staggered with the water passage 314 in the circumferential direction of the end cover 300, and is located in the area between the ports of two adjacent cooling water channels 110.

[0069] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10According to some embodiments of this application, the end cap 300 may also be provided with a plurality of oil injection grooves 316 on the side facing the housing body 100; along the axial direction of the housing body 100, at least a portion of the projection of the oil injection grooves 316 on the end cap 300 is offset from the projection of the housing body 100 on the end cap 300, and the offset portion is located inside the housing body 100; the plurality of oil injection grooves 316 and the plurality of oil passage holes 315 are alternately distributed along the circumference of the housing body 100, and an oil injection groove 316 or an oil passage hole 315 is provided between two adjacent water passage holes 314; the oil injection groove 316 on one end cap 300 and the oil passage hole 315 on the other end cap 300 are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the housing body 100, so that one end of the cooling oil flow channel 210 is connected to the oil injection groove 316, and the other end of the cooling oil flow channel 210 is connected to the oil passage hole 315.

[0070] The end cover 300 is also provided with multiple oil spray grooves 316 on the side facing the housing body 100. The oil spray grooves 316 are recessed structures on the inner end face of the end cover 300, used to guide cooling oil from the oil pipe 200 into the end cover 300 and further into the motor chamber 1 inside the housing body 100, directly cooling and lubricating the stator winding ends and rotor components by spraying. The oil spray grooves 316 extend axially along the end cover 300, that is, they are recessed to a certain depth from the inner end face away from the housing body 100 in the thickness direction of the end cover 300, but do not necessarily penetrate the entire thickness of the end cover 300. The cross-sectional shape of the oil spray grooves 316 can be semi-circular, U-shaped, rectangular, or trapezoidal, and their width and depth are set according to the required flow rate and spray speed of the cooling oil.

[0071] The projection of the end cap 300 onto the axial direction of the shell body 100 refers to the outline of the end cap 300 projected axially onto a plane perpendicular to the axis. The projection of the shell body 100 onto the end cap 300 refers to the outline of the shell body 100 projected axially onto the plane containing the end cap 300. Since the shell body 100 is a hollow cylindrical structure, its axial projection is an annular region, with the outer ring corresponding to the outer wall of the shell body 100 and the inner ring corresponding to the inner hole of the shell body 100. The oil injection groove 316 is located on the inner end face of the end cap 300, and its projection position partially falls on the solid area of ​​the end face of the shell body 100 (i.e., overlaps with the projection of the shell body 100), and partially falls on the inner hole area of ​​the shell body 100 (i.e., offset from the projection of the shell body 100 and located inside the shell body 100). The portion of the oil spray groove 316 that overlaps with the projection of the housing body 100 is used to connect with the port of the cooling oil flow channel 210 to receive cooling oil from the oil pipe 200. The portion of the oil spray groove 316 that is offset from the projection of the housing body 100 and located inside the housing body 100 forms the oil spray outlet. After flowing out from this outlet, the cooling oil directly enters the motor 1 chamber inside the housing body 100 and is sprayed onto the stator winding ends or the rotor surface. This structural design of the oil spray groove 316 allows the end cover 300 to both connect and seal with the oil pipe 200 and guide the cooling oil into the housing body 100 for spraying, realizing the oil passage transition from the oil pipe 200 to the motor 1 chamber.

[0072] In some embodiments, the injection groove 316 is elongated, with one end located on the inner end face of the end cover 300 corresponding to the port of the oil pipe 200, and the other end extending radially inward to the edge of the inner hole of the end cover 300. The edge of the inner hole is the area that is offset from the projection of the housing body 100 and located inside the housing body 100. In other embodiments, the injection groove 316 has a stepped groove structure, with a shallower and narrower depth near the outer side for docking with the port of the oil pipe 200; and a deeper and wider depth near the inner side to increase the injection flow rate and injection angle. In still other embodiments, the outlet end of the injection groove 316 is provided with a guide slope or guide protrusion to guide the cooling oil to be sprayed at a predetermined angle to a specific area at the end of the stator winding.

[0073] Multiple oil injection grooves 316 and multiple oil passage holes 315 are alternately distributed along the circumference of the housing body 100. Both the oil injection grooves 316 and the oil passage holes 315 are structures located on the inner end face of the end cover 300, and they are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction, i.e., cyclically arranged in the order of "oil injection groove 316 - oil passage hole 315 - oil injection groove 316 - oil passage hole 315". Between two adjacent water passage holes 314, there is one oil injection groove 316 or one oil passage hole 315. Since the water passage holes 314 correspond one-to-one with the cooling water flow channels 110, within the circumferential interval between two adjacent water passage holes 314, either one oil injection groove 316 or one oil passage hole 315 is provided. Thus, in the entire circumference of an end cap 300, the injection groove 316 and the oil passage hole 315 are distributed in the interval between each adjacent water passage hole 314, and the total number of the two is equal to the total number of oil pipes 200. Each injection groove 316 or oil passage hole 315 corresponds to one oil pipe 200.

[0074] The fuel injection groove 316 on one end cap 300 and the fuel passage hole 315 on the other end cap 300 are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction of the housing body 100. Taking the axial direction of the housing body 100 as a reference, the fuel injection groove 316 on one end cap 300 and the fuel passage hole 315 on the other end cap 300 are at the same angular position in the axial direction, that is, they are the same in the circumferential angle, thus forming a corresponding relationship along the axial direction. The fuel injection groove 316 on one end cap 300 corresponds to the fuel passage hole 315 on the other end cap 300, which means that at both ends of the same oil pipe 200, one end is connected to the fuel injection groove 316 and the other end is connected to the fuel passage hole 315. Specifically, one end of the oil pipe 200 is inserted into or connected to the oil passage 315 of one end cap 300, which communicates with the second flow channel 312, allowing cooling oil to enter the oil pipe 200 from this end. The other end of the oil pipe 200 is inserted into or connected to the oil spray groove 316 of the other end cap 300, allowing cooling oil to flow out from the end of the oil pipe 200 and be sprayed into the interior of the motor 1 chamber through the oil spray groove 316. Similarly, the oil passage 315 on the other end cap 300 is positioned opposite to the oil spray groove 316 on one end cap 300, corresponding to the other part of the oil pipe 200, forming a reverse oil supply-injection path.

[0075] In this embodiment provided in this application, by setting alternating distributions of oil spray grooves 316 and oil passage holes 315 on one end cover 300, and axially opposite to the corresponding structure on the other end cover 300, the cooling oil is distributed for separate supply and zoned spraying. One end of each oil pipe 200 receives cooling oil from the oil passage hole 315 of its respective end cover 300, and the other end sprays out from the oil spray groove 316 of the opposite end cover 300. During the axial flow of the cooling oil in the oil pipe 200, it exchanges heat with the cooling water outside the pipe to cool down. After reaching the end of the oil pipe 200, it is sprayed into the motor chamber 1 through the oil spray groove 316 to directly cool the stator winding ends and rotor. The alternating circumferential distribution of the oil injection grooves 316 and oil passage holes 315 ensures that each end cover 300 simultaneously functions as both an oil supply and an oil spray. These two functions are alternately arranged circumferentially, and combined with the axial relative relationship between the two end covers 300, the oil supply direction of each oil pipe 200 alternates circumferentially—some oil pipes 200 supply oil from end A and spray oil from end B, while other oil pipes 200 supply oil from end B and spray oil from end A. This bidirectional alternating oil supply and spray layout achieves uniform circumferential spraying of cooling oil inside the motor 1, avoiding the problem of over-cooling in some areas and under-cooling in others due to unilateral or one-way supply of cooling oil, thus promoting overall temperature balance within the motor 1. Simultaneously, since the cooling oil in each oil pipe 200 undergoes heat exchange with cooling water during flow, the sprayed cooling oil has a low temperature, effectively absorbing heat from the internal heat-generating components of the motor 1, resulting in excellent heat dissipation. Furthermore, the addition of secondary spray cooling to the end windings, based on the conventional oil-cooled motor 1, further enhances the heat dissipation capacity of the motor 1 stator.

[0076] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7 According to some embodiments of this application, the end cap 300 is provided with an annular platform 317 on the side facing the shell body 100. The annular platform 317 is located inside the shell body 100 and abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the shell body 100. The portion of the oil injection groove 316 that is offset from the shell body 100 is located on the annular platform 317.

[0077] The annular platform 317 is an annular protrusion on the inner end face of the end cap 300, extending axially from the inner end face of the end cap 300 toward the shell body 100. The radial dimension of the annular platform 317 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the shell body 100, allowing the annular platform 317 to extend into the inner hole of the shell body 100 and be located inside the shell body 100. The radial thickness of the annular platform 317 (i.e., the wall thickness of the annular platform 317) can be set according to structural strength requirements; its radial thickness can be smaller to reduce weight, or larger to provide sufficient support strength and sealing contact area.

[0078] The annular platform 317 abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the shell body 100, meaning that the outer peripheral surface of the annular platform 317 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical inner wall of the shell body 100 are in radial contact. The outer diameter of the annular platform 317 matches the inner diameter of the shell body 100, and an interference fit can be used between them. This allows the annular platform 317 to generate a radial preload after being pressed into the shell body 100, achieving a tight abutment between the annular platform 317 and the inner peripheral wall of the shell body 100. After the annular platform 317 abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the shell body 100, it can provide radial positioning for the assembly of the end cap 300, ensuring the coaxiality of the end cap 300 and the shell body 100. At the same time, the contact surface between the annular platform 317 and the inner wall of the shell body 100 can provide an auxiliary sealing effect, preventing cooling oil or cooling water from leaking to the outside from the mating surface between the end cap 300 and the shell body 100.

[0079] The portion of the oil injection groove 316 that is offset from the housing body 100 is located on the annular platform 317. As previously stated, the projection of the oil injection groove 316 on the end cover 300 is offset from the projection of the housing body 100 on the end cover 300, and the offset portion is located inside the housing body 100. This offset portion is the outlet section of the oil injection groove 316, which is located on the annular platform 317. Specifically, the oil injection groove 316 starts from the position where it connects with the oil pipe 200 on the inner end face of the end cover 300 and extends radially inward to the area of ​​the annular platform 317. The outlet of the oil injection groove 316 is located on the end face of the annular platform 317 or on the inner peripheral wall of the annular platform 317. When the cooling oil flows out from the oil pipe 200, it flows along the oil injection groove 316 to the annular platform 317, and is sprayed out from the end face or inner peripheral wall of the annular platform 317, entering the motor chamber 1 inside the housing body 100.

[0080] The outlet shape of the oil spray groove 316 on the annular platform 317 can be varied. In some embodiments, the oil spray groove 316 extends to the end face of the annular platform 317 (i.e., the axial end face of the annular platform 317 facing the interior of the motor 1 chamber), forming an opening on the end face of the annular platform 317. Cooling oil is sprayed axially from this opening and directly onto the end face of the stator winding. In other embodiments, a guide ramp or nozzle structure is provided on the end face of the annular platform 317. The outlet of the oil spray groove 316 is connected to the guide ramp or nozzle. Cooling oil is sprayed out at a preset angle through the guide ramp or nozzle. The spray direction can simultaneously have axial and radial components to cover a larger spray area.

[0081] After the annular platform 317 extends into the inner side of the housing body 100, its outer peripheral wall abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the housing body 100, while its end face faces the stator winding end area inside the motor 1 chamber. The oil spray groove 316 is located on the annular platform 317, ensuring that the cooling oil spray outlet is directly inside the motor 1 chamber, closer to the stator winding end. This results in a shorter spray path, higher spray accuracy, and avoids splashing and energy loss caused by interference between the cooling oil and the end face of the housing body 100 or other structures during spraying. Simultaneously, because the annular platform 317 abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the housing body 100, its presence also provides radial support to the housing body 100, improving the structural rigidity and deformation resistance of the motor housing 10 at the end cover 300 connection.

[0082] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 According to some embodiments of this application, the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are both annular flow channels, and the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are arranged radially apart along the end cap 300.

[0083] The first flow channel 311 is an annular flow channel located inside the end cover 300, forming a closed annular shape within the plane of the end cover 300. The annular flow channel can be a circular channel centered on the central axis of the end cover 300, and its cross-sectional shape can be circular, rectangular, trapezoidal, or elliptical. The first flow channel 311 serves as a distribution or collection channel for cooling water, and its annular structure allows for uniform distribution of cooling water around the end cover 300. When the first flow channel 311 is used as an inlet distribution channel, cooling water enters the annular cavity of the first flow channel 311 from the cooling water inlet 313, rapidly fills the entire channel along the annular path, and then is evenly distributed to each cooling water channel 110 through the water passages 314, ensuring a consistent inlet flow rate for each cooling water channel 110. When the first flow channel 311 is used as the outflow collection channel, the cooling water flowing out of each cooling water flow channel 110 flows into the annular cavity of the first flow channel 311 through each water passage 314, and flows out through the cooling water outlet 313 after being collected in the annular cavity.

[0084] The second flow channel 312 is also an annular flow channel located inside the end cover 300, forming a closed annular shape with the central axis of the end cover 300 as its center. The second flow channel 312 serves as a distribution channel for cooling oil, and its annular structure allows the cooling oil to be evenly distributed circumferentially within the end cover 300. After entering the annular cavity of the second flow channel 312 from the cooling oil port 331, the cooling oil quickly fills the entire flow channel along the annular path, and then flows evenly through each oil passage 315 to the corresponding oil pipe 200.

[0085] The first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are arranged radially spaced apart from each other along the end cover 300. That is, in the radial direction of the end cover 300, the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are located at different radii, maintaining a certain radial distance between them without overlapping or intersecting. The radial spacing refers to the distance between the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 in the direction radiating outward from the central axis of the end cover 300 along its diameter. This distance is filled by the solid wall material of the end cover 300, ensuring that the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are isolated from each other inside the end cover 300, preventing cross-flow of cooling water and cooling oil. After the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 are arranged radially spaced apart, they each form an independent and complete annular channel inside the end cover 300, without interfering with each other.

[0086] The radial inner-outer positional relationship between the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 can vary. In some embodiments, the first flow channel 311 is located radially inner, and the second flow channel 312 is located radially outer. In this case, the first flow channel 311 (water channel) is near the center of the end cap 300, corresponding to the position of the cooling water flow channel 110 with a smaller distribution radius on the shell body 100; the second flow channel 312 (oil channel) is near the outer edge of the end cap 300, corresponding to the position of the oil pipe 200 with a larger distribution radius. In other embodiments, the first flow channel 311 is located radially outer, and the second flow channel 312 is located radially inner, that is, the water channel is on the outer ring and the oil channel is on the inner ring, determined according to the specific distribution radius of the cooling water flow channel 110 and the oil pipe 200 on the end face of the shell body 100. In some other embodiments, the radial spacing between the first flow channel 311 and the second flow channel 312 can be uniform, that is, the radial gap between the two is consistent in the circumferential direction. This uniform spacing is beneficial to ensuring the structural strength consistency of the end cap 300 in the circumferential direction and avoiding casting defects or structural weakness caused by excessively thin local walls.

[0087] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 According to some embodiments of this application, the end cap 300 may include an end cap body 310, a water channel cover 320, and an oil channel cover 330. The end cap body 310 may have a first annular groove 318 and a second annular groove 319 arranged radially spaced apart on the side opposite to the shell body 100. The water channel cover 320 is annularly arranged and covers the opening of the first annular groove 318, defining a first flow channel 311 together with the first annular groove 318. The oil channel cover 330 is annularly arranged and covers the opening of the second annular groove 319, defining a second flow channel 312 together with the second annular groove 319.

[0088] The end cap body 310 is the main structural component of the end cap 300. It is generally disc-shaped or plate-shaped, with an inner end face facing the shell body 100 and an outer end face facing away from the shell body 100. The outer end face of the end cap body 310 is used to set the annular groove structure and install the cover plate, while the inner end face is used to set structures such as the water passage hole 314, oil passage hole 315, and oil injection groove 316. The end cap body 310 can be integrally formed from aluminum alloy material through die casting or gravity casting, or it can be formed from steel through machining. A first annular groove 318 and a second annular groove 319 are formed on the outer end face of the end cap body 310. Both annular grooves are circumferentially extending grooves on the outer end face of the end cap body 310, and their axes coincide with the central axis of the end cap body 310.

[0089] The first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 are arranged radially at intervals along the end cap body 310, meaning they are located at different radii in the radial direction and maintained at a certain distance, separated by the solid wall thickness of the end cap body 310. The first annular groove 318 forms the first flow channel 311, and the second annular groove 319 forms the second flow channel 312. The cross-sectional shape of the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 can be a rectangular groove, a U-shaped groove, or a trapezoidal groove, and their width and depth are determined according to the flow rate requirements of the cooling medium and the thickness of the end cap body 310. The first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 are distributed in a concentric ring shape on the outer end face of the end cap body 310, with a regular structure that facilitates processing and sealing.

[0090] The water channel cover 320 is annularly arranged, and its overall shape is a thin, circular plate. The water channel cover 320 is disposed on the outer end face of the end cap body 310, covering the opening of the first annular groove 318. The inner and outer diameters of the water channel cover 320 match the radial position of the first annular groove 318, ensuring that the water channel cover 320 completely covers the entire opening area of ​​the first annular groove 318. After the water channel cover 320 mates with the first annular groove 318, the recessed space of the first annular groove 318 forms a closed annular cavity under the closure of the water channel cover 320; this annular cavity is the first flow channel 311. The water channel cover 320 can be made of the same material as the end cap body 310 (such as aluminum alloy), or it can be made of other materials with good sealing performance and corrosion resistance.

[0091] The oil passage cover 330 is also annular, and its overall shape is a thin, circular plate. The oil passage cover 330 is located on the outer end face of the end cap body 310, covering the opening of the second annular groove 319. The inner and outer diameters of the oil passage cover 330 match the radial position of the second annular groove 319, ensuring that the oil passage cover 330 completely covers the entire opening area of ​​the second annular groove 319. After the oil passage cover 330 mates with the second annular groove 319, the groove space of the second annular groove 319 forms a closed annular cavity under the closure of the oil passage cover 330; this annular cavity is the second flow channel 312. The oil passage cover 330 can also be made of the same or different materials as the end cap body 310.

[0092] There are several ways to connect the waterway cover 320 to the end cap body 310 and the oil passage cover 330 to the end cap body 310. In some examples, the waterway cover 320 is fixedly connected to the outer end face of the end cap body 310 by multiple fasteners (such as screws or bolts) arranged circumferentially at intervals. The fasteners pass through mounting holes on the waterway cover 320 and are screwed into corresponding threaded holes on the end cap body 310, pressing the waterway cover 320 against the open end face of the first annular groove 318. A sealing gasket or sealant is provided between the waterway cover 320 and the end cap body 310 to achieve a seal. In other examples, the waterway cover 320 and the end cap body 310 are fixedly connected by welding. The welding is continuous or intermittent along the inner and outer edges of the waterway cover 320 to form a sealing weld. This connection method has high sealing reliability and is suitable for working conditions with strict sealing requirements.

[0093] The annular structure of the water channel cover 320 and oil channel cover 330 makes them both annular components with a central opening. This opening area is used to avoid the bearing mounting seat or shaft through hole in the central area of ​​the end cover body 310. After installation, the central area of ​​the end cover body 310 remains open or can be covered by other structural components, without affecting the passage of the motor 1 shaft and the installation of the bearing. The outer surfaces of the water channel cover 320 and oil channel cover 330 can be flush with or slightly lower than the outer end face of the end cover body 310, keeping the overall outer surface of the end cover 300 flat, which facilitates the installation of the motor 1 and the arrangement of pipelines in the vehicle.

[0094] In this embodiment provided by this application, a first annular groove 318 and a second annular groove 319 are formed on the side of the end cap body 310 away from the shell body 100, and the openings of the annular grooves are closed by a water channel cover plate 320 and an oil channel cover plate 330 respectively to form a first flow channel 311 and a second flow channel 312, which simplifies the processing and assembly process of the flow channels. The annular groove structure can be integrally formed on the end cap body 310 by casting or machining, which is a mature process with controllable cost; the cover plate, as an independent thin plate, is easy to process and surface treat, and can form a well-sealed annular flow channel after being matched with the annular groove. This split flow channel structure also facilitates the cleaning and inspection of the flow channel before assembly to ensure that there are no foreign objects left in the flow channel. The water channel cover plate 320 and the oil channel cover plate 330 are arranged radially at intervals, so that the water-cooled flow channel and the oil-cooled flow channel are independent of each other inside the end cap 300 and do not interfere with each other, resulting in high sealing reliability. When it is necessary to change the cross-sectional size or flow capacity of the flow channel, it is only necessary to replace the end cover body 310 with a different annular groove depth or adjust the installation method of the cover plate. There is no need to redesign the entire end cover 300 structure, which provides strong design flexibility and versatility.

[0095] Please see Figure 12 and Figure 13 According to some embodiments of this application, the first annular groove 318 may be located on the outer side of the second annular groove 319 in the radial direction, the cooling water inlet 313 may be provided on the outer peripheral wall of the end cover body 310, and the cooling oil inlet 331 may be provided on the oil passage cover plate 330.

[0096] Both the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 are annular grooves provided on the outer end face of the end cover body 310, and are arranged radially at intervals along the end cover body 310. The first annular groove 318 is located radially outside the second annular groove 319, that is, the distribution radius of the first annular groove 318 is larger than the distribution radius of the second annular groove 319. The first annular groove 318 is relatively closer to the outer edge of the end cover body 310, and the second annular groove 319 is relatively closer to the center of the end cover body 310. The first annular groove 318 is used to cooperate with the water channel cover plate 320 to form a first flow channel 311 (cooling water flow channel 110), and the second annular groove 319 is used to cooperate with the oil channel cover plate 330 to form a second flow channel 312 (cooling oil flow channel 210). Since the cooling water channels 110 and oil pipes 200 on the shell body 100 are distributed circumferentially, and the oil pipes 200 are located inside the cooling water channels 110 and attached to the first sidewall 111, the port positions of the cooling water channels 110 and oil pipes 200 on the end face of the shell body 100 are circumferentially corresponding and have a very small radial misalignment, even being basically at the same radius position. However, the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 are radially spaced by a certain distance, so a specific connecting structure is needed to connect the annular grooves to the corresponding holes.

[0097] Specifically, the first annular groove 318 is located radially outside the second annular groove 319, and the two are separated by the solid wall thickness of the end cap body 310. The inner wall of the first annular groove 318 near the central axis of the end cap body 310 communicates with the outer wall of the water passage 314 away from the central axis, thereby forming a fluid passage between the first annular groove 318 and the water passage 314. The outer wall of the second annular groove 319 away from the central axis communicates with the inner wall of the oil passage 315 near the central axis, thereby forming a fluid passage between the second annular groove 319 and the oil passage 315. In other words, the first annular groove 318 is connected to the outer wall of the water passage 314 through its radially inner wall, and the second annular groove 319 is connected to the inner wall of the oil passage 315 through its radially outer wall.

[0098] Since the diameters of the water passage 314 and oil passage 315 are typically small, and the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 need to maintain sufficient radial spacing to ensure that the wall thickness between them has sufficient structural strength, avoiding casting defects or deformation and cracking during use due to excessively thin walls. Therefore, in some embodiments, the radial spacing between the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 can be appropriately increased; that is, the solid wall thickness separating the two annular grooves is designed to be thicker, and then a local transition structure is provided at the location where it needs to connect with the water passage 314 or the oil passage 315.

[0099] In one specific embodiment, the first annular groove 318 includes a large annular groove, which is a closed ring. Multiple small grooves are formed on the inner wall of the annular groove near the central axis. These small grooves extend radially towards the central axis, i.e., they protrude radially inward from the inner wall of the annular groove. Viewed from an axial projection perspective, the inner ring of the first annular groove 318 exhibits a shape similar to an internal toothed ring; that is, the inner wall of the annular groove has multiple circumferentially spaced tooth-like protrusions or recesses. The small grooves formed between adjacent teeth serve as the connecting channels between the first annular groove 318 and the water passage 314. Each small groove corresponds to the position of a water passage 314. The outer end of the water passage 314 opens into the bottom or wall of the corresponding small groove, allowing cooling water to flow from the first annular groove 318 into the water passage 314 via the small groove, or from the water passage 314 into the first annular groove 318 via the small groove. The number of small grooves is the same as the number of water passage holes 314, and they are evenly distributed circumferentially. Their cross-sectional shape can be semi-circular, rectangular, or trapezoidal. This internal gear ring structure ensures that the wall thickness of most areas between the first annular groove 318 and the second annular groove 319 is sufficiently thick, resulting in good structural strength and sealing performance. At the same time, the small grooves enable fluid communication between the first annular groove 318 and the water passage holes 314 at the required connection points, thus balancing structural strength and communication function.

[0100] Similarly, a similar structure can be used for the connection between the second annular groove 319 and the oil passage hole 315. In some embodiments, multiple small grooves are formed on the outer wall of the second annular groove 319 on the side away from the central axis. These small grooves extend radially away from the central axis. Viewed from an axial projection perspective, the outer ring of the second annular groove 319 has a shape similar to an external gear ring. Each small groove corresponds to the position of an oil passage hole 315. The inner end of the oil passage hole 315 opens into the bottom or wall of the corresponding small groove, so that cooling oil can flow from the second annular groove 319 into the oil passage hole 315 through the small groove, or flow from the oil passage hole 315 into the second annular groove 319 through the small groove. The number of small grooves is the same as the number of oil passage holes 315, and they are evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0101] Cooling inlet 313 is located on the outer peripheral wall of end cap body 310. The outer peripheral wall of end cap body 310 is the radially outer surface of end cap body 310, that is, the annular outer surface of end cap body 310. Because the first annular groove 318 is located radially outer, the cooling inlet 313 is located on the outer peripheral wall, extending radially inward from the outer side of end cap body 310, facilitating connection to the first annular groove 318. Cooling inlet 313 can be formed by drilling a hole in the outer peripheral wall of end cap body 310 through machining, or by pre-reserving an interface hole during casting. The location of cooling inlet 313 on the outer peripheral wall facilitates radial connection with external cooling water pipes, making pipe layout convenient and preventing interference with other structures in the axial direction of end cap 300.

[0102] Because the second annular groove 319 is located radially inward, the cooling oil port 331 can be directly installed on the oil passage cover plate 330, penetrating the thickness of the oil passage cover plate 330 and directly connecting the outer surface of the oil passage cover plate 330 with the second annular groove 319. Specifically, the cooling oil port 331 can be installed on the end face of the oil passage cover plate 330 away from the shell body 100, and the external cooling oil pipes 200 can be connected to the cooling oil port 331 axially.

[0103] Please see Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 According to some embodiments of this application, the shell body 100 may include an outer shell 120 and an inner shell 130. The outer shell 120 is cylindrical. The inner shell 130 is disposed inside the outer shell 120. The main body of the inner shell 130 is a cylindrical shape coaxial with the outer shell 120 and radially spaced from the outer shell 120. The outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130 is provided with a plurality of ribs 131 extending axially and spaced circumferentially. The end of the rib 131 away from the inner shell 130 is interference-fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120. The outer shell 120, the inner shell 130, and two adjacent ribs 131 together form a cooling water flow channel 110.

[0104] The outer shell 120 is the external cylindrical structural component of the shell body 100. It is hollow and cylindrical in shape, with an inner circumferential wall and an outer circumferential wall. The outer shell 120 forms the external contour of the motor housing 10 and provides accommodation space and support for the inner housing 130 and the ribs 131. The outer shell 120 can be formed from a metal material (such as aluminum alloy) by casting, extrusion, or spinning.

[0105] The inner housing 130 is located inside the outer housing 120, and its main body is a cylindrical structure coaxially arranged with the outer housing 120. The inner housing 130 is also a hollow cylinder, and its inner cavity is used to accommodate the stator and rotor assembly 30 of the motor 1. The inner housing 130 and the outer housing 120 are coaxially arranged, meaning their central axes coincide, ensuring the overall coaxiality of the housing 100 and the assembly accuracy of the motor 1. The inner housing 130 is radially spaced from the outer housing 120; that is, a certain distance is maintained between the outer peripheral wall of the inner housing 130 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer housing 120 in the radial direction. This distance is used to accommodate the ribs 131 and form the cooling water flow channel 110. The inner housing 130 can be manufactured using a stretch forming process. By repeatedly stretching a metal sheet (such as an aluminum alloy sheet or a steel sheet) to form the desired cylindrical shape, the stretch-formed inner housing 130 has uniform wall thickness, good surface quality, high dimensional accuracy, and relatively low manufacturing cost. The inner shell 130 can also be formed by casting or spinning.

[0106] Ribs 131 are disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130, extending along the axial direction of the inner shell 130 and spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Ribs 131 are elongated protrusions, their length direction aligned with the axial direction of the inner shell 130. The ribs 131 are spaced apart circumferentially, meaning multiple ribs 131 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130, with a predetermined included angle or arc length spacing between adjacent ribs 131 in the circumferential direction. The number of ribs 131 is not strictly limited and can be set according to the required number of cooling water channels 110; for example, six, eight, ten, twelve, or more ribs 131 can be provided. The number of ribs 131 determines the number of cooling water channels 110; it should be noted that the number of ribs 131 is always an even number. The rib 131 can extend from one end of the inner shell 130 to the other end, or it can only extend to cover a portion of the axial length of the inner shell 130, as long as it can cooperate with the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 to form a complete cooling water flow channel 110.

[0107] The height direction of rib 131 is radial to that of the inner shell 130. The end of rib 131 furthest from the inner shell 130 (i.e., the radially outer end of rib 131) is interference-fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120. An interference fit means that the radial dimension of the radially outer end of rib 131 in its free state is slightly larger than the radial dimension of the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 at that position. When the inner shell 130, together with rib 131, is inserted into the outer shell 120, the radially outer end of rib 131 is radially compressed by the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120, generating an interference force between them, achieving tight contact and fixation. The interference fit between rib 131 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 not only fixes the inner shell 130 in a predetermined position inside the outer shell 120, but also ensures that there is no gap between the contact surface of rib 131 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120, preventing cooling water leakage between rib 131 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120.

[0108] In some embodiments, the inner housing 130 and the outer housing 120 can be assembled into one piece by means of heat fitting.

[0109] There are various ways to connect the rib 131 to the inner shell 130. In some embodiments, the rib 131 and the inner shell 130 are integrally formed, for example, by casting the rib 131 and the inner shell 130 into one piece, or by extrusion molding the rib 131 and the inner shell 130 into an integral profile. In other embodiments, the rib 131 is an independent component, fixedly connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130 by welding, with the welding being continuous or intermittent along the length direction of the rib 131.

[0110] The outer shell 120, the inner shell 130, and two adjacent ribs 131 together enclose a cooling water channel 110. Specifically, the two adjacent ribs 131, the outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130, and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 together define an axially extending sealed space, which is the cooling water channel 110. The two side walls of the cooling water channel 110 are the two adjacent ribs 131, its bottom wall is the outer peripheral wall of the inner shell 130, and its top wall is the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120. The cross-sectional shape of the cooling water channel 110 is determined by the cross-sectional shape of the ribs 131. When the cross-section of the ribs 131 is rectangular, the cross-section of the cooling water channel 110 is rectangular; when the cross-section of the ribs 131 is trapezoidal or arc-shaped, the cross-section of the cooling water channel 110 is correspondingly trapezoidal or arc-shaped. The interference fit between the rib 131 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 ensures the sealing of the top wall of the cooling water flow channel 110. When the cooling water flows in the flow channel, it will not leak from the contact surface between the rib 131 and the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell 120 to the adjacent flow channel or the outside.

[0111] With a larger number and denser distribution of ribs 131, the circumferential distribution density of the cooling water channels 110 increases accordingly, thereby increasing the heat exchange area between the cooling water and the shell body 100, which is beneficial for improving heat dissipation efficiency. However, increasing the number of ribs 131 also increases the processing and assembly difficulty of the inner shell 130, and reduces the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling water channels 110, increasing water flow resistance. Therefore, the number and cross-sectional dimensions of the ribs 131 need to be determined by a comprehensive balance based on the power rating and heat dissipation requirements of the motor 1.

[0112] like Figure 16 As shown, in some embodiments, the oil pipe 200 can be injection molded onto the inner housing 130 and then assembled into the outer housing 120 together with the inner housing 130.

[0113] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 6 Based on the same concept, this application also provides a motor 1.

[0114] The motor 1 includes a motor housing 10, a stator assembly 20, and a rotor assembly 30. The motor housing 10 is the motor housing 10 in any of the foregoing embodiments, and the stator assembly 20 and the rotor assembly 30 are both installed inside the housing body 100.

[0115] The motor housing 10 is used to support the stator assembly 20, rotor assembly 30, and other auxiliary components of the motor 1, and provides structural support and flow channel arrangement space for the cooling system of the motor 1. The motor housing 10 can adopt any of the structural forms of the motor housing 10 in the foregoing embodiments, including but not limited to: the housing body 100 has multiple cooling water flow channels 110 extending axially and distributed circumferentially, the cooling water flow channels 110 are provided with oil pipes 200, and the two ends of the housing body 100 are respectively connected to end caps 300, the end caps 300 are provided with a first flow channel 311 and a second flow channel 312, and integrate structures such as water passage holes 314, oil passage holes 315, and oil injection grooves 316. The specific structural form of the motor housing 10 can be selected according to the power level of the motor 1, heat dissipation requirements, and overall vehicle layout space. All the various modified structures and connection methods described in the foregoing embodiments are applicable to the motor 1 provided in this application.

[0116] The stator assembly 20 is the stationary part of the motor 1 and is fixedly installed inside the housing body 100. The stator assembly 20 includes a stator core and stator windings. The stator core has a ring structure, and its outer peripheral wall is fixedly fitted with the housing body 100 (specifically, the inner peripheral wall of the inner housing 130 of the housing body 100 or the inner wall of the housing body 100).

[0117] The rotor assembly 30 is the rotating part of the motor 1, rotatably mounted inside the housing body 100 and passing through the central hole of the stator assembly 20. The rotor assembly 30 includes a rotor core, a permanent magnet, and a shaft. The rotor core has a ring structure, which is fixedly sleeved on the shaft and coaxially arranged with the shaft.

[0118] The stator assembly 20 is fixed to the inner wall of the housing body 100. The rotor assembly 30 passes through the central hole of the stator assembly 20 and is coaxially arranged with the stator assembly 20. The two ends of the rotating shaft of the rotor assembly 30 are supported by the end cover 300 through bearings. The rotor assembly 30 can rotate freely around the rotating shaft axis relative to the stator assembly 20.

[0119] During the operation of motor 1, copper losses in the stator windings, iron losses in the stator core, and eddy current losses in the permanent magnets collectively generate a large amount of heat, causing the internal temperature of motor 1 to rise. Most of the heat generated by the stator assembly 20 is conducted to the housing 100, where it is carried away by the cooling water in the cooling water channel 110 within the housing 100 after heat exchange with the inner wall of the housing 100. The cooling oil in the oil pipe 200 exchanges heat with the cooling water as it flows through the cooling water channel 110, and then cools down. The cooled oil flows out from the end of the oil pipe 200 and is sprayed onto the winding ends of the stator assembly 20 and the surface of the rotor assembly 30 via the oil spray groove 316 on the end cover 300, directly absorbing the heat from the winding ends and the rotor assembly 30, and then collects at the bottom of the housing 100 for centralized recovery. Thus, the motor housing 10 provides combined water-cooling and oil-cooling protection for the stator assembly 20 and the rotor assembly 30, ensuring that the temperature of motor 1 is controllable under high power density operating conditions.

[0120] The motor 1 provided in the embodiments of this application adopts the motor housing 10 of the aforementioned embodiments. Combined water cooling and oil cooling are achieved by setting an oil pipe 200 within the cooling water channel 110. Cooling water and cooling oil exchange heat efficiently at the wall of the oil pipe 200. Simultaneously, the cooling oil is directly sprayed onto the stator winding ends and the surface of the rotor assembly 30 via the oil spray groove 316, eliminating the heat exchange blind spots at the winding ends and rotor area in traditional water cooling solutions. The motor 1 has a compact overall structure and high cooling efficiency, meeting the stringent operating requirements of high power density and high overload ratio in new energy vehicles. It effectively prevents permanent magnet demagnetization and insulation layer aging failure, improving the operational reliability and service life of the motor 1.

[0121] Based on the same concept, this application also provides a vehicle, which includes a vehicle body and a motor 1, with the motor 1 mounted on the vehicle body.

[0122] The vehicle can be a new energy vehicle such as a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, or a range-extended electric vehicle, or a traditional fuel vehicle or a natural gas vehicle, as long as the vehicle uses the motor 1 in the aforementioned embodiments as the driving power source.

[0123] The motor housing 10 and motor 1 provided in this application are particularly suitable for new energy vehicles with high power density and heat dissipation requirements. Their compact structural layout and efficient composite cooling capacity can well adapt to complex working conditions such as frequent start-stop and high-speed heavy load of the drive motor 1 in new energy vehicles.

[0124] The vehicle body is the main structure of the vehicle, used to support its various functional components. The vehicle body includes at least a frame and a body shell. The frame is the structural skeleton of the vehicle, used to install and support chassis components such as the powertrain, suspension system, and steering system. The body shell is fixed to the frame, forming the vehicle's passenger space and external profile. The specific form of the frame can vary depending on the vehicle type; for example, in a monocoque chassis, the frame and body shell are integrated, while in a body-on-frame chassis, the frame and body shell are separate structures. The motor 1 is mounted on the vehicle body, specifically at a predetermined mounting position on the frame or body shell.

[0125] The method of mounting motor 1 to the vehicle body varies depending on the vehicle's drive system. In some examples, motor 1 is a centralized drive motor 1, fixedly mounted in the front or rear compartment of the chassis. The output shaft of motor 1 is connected to the drive axle via a drive shaft or reducer, transmitting power to the wheels. In other examples, motor 1 is a hub motor 1, directly mounted inside the wheel rim, with one independent motor 1 for each wheel, achieving distributed drive. In still other examples, motor 1 is one of the drive motors 1 in a hybrid system, mounted between the engine and transmission or at the output end of the transmission, forming a hybrid drive system together with the engine. Regardless of the mounting method, motor 1 is fixed to the vehicle body using bolts, brackets, or suspension bushings. The cooling water inlet 313 and cooling oil inlet 331 on the motor housing 10 are connected to the vehicle's cooling water pipes and cooling oil pipes 200, respectively, and integrated into the vehicle's thermal management system.

[0126] During vehicle operation, motor 1, acting as a driving power source, converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. When the vehicle is under heavy load conditions such as acceleration, climbing, or high-speed driving, the output power of motor 1 increases, and the heat generated by the stator winding and rotor assembly 30 increases sharply. At this time, the vehicle's thermal management system is activated, and the cooling water is driven by the vehicle's cooling water pump, flowing through the cooling water pipe into the cooling water inlet 313 of the motor housing 10, entering the first flow channel 311 of the end cover 300, and being distributed through the first flow channel 311 to the cooling water flow channels 110 of the housing body 100. After flowing through the outer wall of the oil pipe 200 and exchanging heat with the cooling oil in the oil pipe 200, it flows out through the first flow channel 311 and cooling water inlet 313 of the other end cover 300, returning to the vehicle's radiator for cooling circulation. Meanwhile, the cooling oil, driven by the vehicle's oil pump, flows through the cooling oil pipes 200 into the cooling oil inlet 331 of the motor housing 10, enters the second flow channel 312 of the end cover 300, and is distributed to each oil pipe 200. Inside the oil pipes 200, it exchanges heat with the cooling water outside the pipes to cool down, then flows out from the end of the oil pipes 200 and is sprayed through the oil spray grooves 316 on the end cover 300 onto the stator winding ends and the surface of the rotor assembly 30. It directly absorbs the heat from the winding ends and the rotor assembly 30, then collects at the bottom of the housing body 100 and is recycled back into the vehicle's oil circulation system. Through this combined operation of water cooling and oil cooling, the motor 1 can maintain a good temperature under various driving conditions of the vehicle, ensuring that the output power and operating efficiency of the motor 1 are not affected by thermal limitations.

[0127] The vehicle provided in this application uses the motor 1 in the aforementioned embodiments. The motor housing 10 of the motor 1 achieves a high degree of integration of water cooling and oil cooling by setting oil pipes 200 in the cooling water flow channel 110. The oil pipes 200 and the cooling water flow channel 110 share the wall thickness space of the housing body 100, resulting in a small volume and compact layout, which is beneficial to the lightweighting and space optimization of the vehicle's powertrain. Cooling water directly covers the outer wall of the oil pipes 200 for efficient heat exchange, and cooling oil is transported to the inside of the motor 1 through the oil pipes 200 for spray cooling. This effectively solves the problem of heat exchange blind spots at the winding ends and rotor area in traditional motor 1 heat dissipation schemes, and eliminates the risk of permanent magnet demagnetization and insulation layer aging failure caused by excessive local temperature rise. The overall heat dissipation efficiency and temperature control consistency of the motor 1 are significantly improved, which helps to ensure the stability of power output and operational reliability of the vehicle under harsh conditions such as frequent start-stop, high-speed heavy load, etc., and improves the driving performance and range of the vehicle.

[0128] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0129] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0130] In the description of this application, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0131] In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0132] In the description of this application, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact through another feature between them.

[0133] In the description of this application, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0134] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0135] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A motor housing, characterized in that, include: The shell body has multiple cooling water channels that extend along its axial direction and are distributed circumferentially; Multiple oil pipes are arranged one-to-one within multiple cooling water channels. The oil pipes extend along the axial direction of the shell body and are provided with cooling oil channels. as well as, Two end caps are respectively connected to the two ends of the shell body in its axial direction. The end caps are provided with a first flow channel communicating with a plurality of cooling water flow channels and a second flow channel communicating with a plurality of cooling oil flow channels. The end caps are also provided with a cooling water port communicating with the first flow channel and a cooling oil port communicating with the second flow channel.

2. The motor housing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end cap is provided with a plurality of water passage holes and a plurality of oil passage holes on the side facing the shell body; one end of the water passage hole is connected to the cooling water channel and the other end is connected to the first channel; one end of the oil passage hole is connected to the cooling oil channel and the other end is connected to the second channel.

3. The motor housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling water channel has a first sidewall and a second sidewall that are arranged opposite to each other in the circumferential direction of the shell body. The oil pipe is attached to the first sidewall and spaced apart from the second sidewall. The oil passage hole is located between two adjacent water passage holes.

4. The motor housing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end cap is provided with a plurality of oil injection grooves on the side facing the shell body; along the axial direction of the shell body, at least a portion of the projection of the oil injection grooves on the end cap is offset from the projection of the shell body on the end cap, and the offset portion is located inside the shell body; the plurality of oil injection grooves and the plurality of oil passage holes are alternately distributed along the circumference of the shell body, and an oil injection groove or an oil passage hole is provided between two adjacent water passage holes; the oil injection groove on one end cap and the oil passage hole on another end cap are arranged opposite to each other along the axial direction of the shell body, so that one end of the cooling oil flow channel is connected to the oil injection groove, and the other end of the cooling oil flow channel is connected to the oil passage hole.

5. The motor housing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end cap has an annular platform on the side facing the shell body. The annular platform is located inside the shell body and abuts against the inner peripheral wall of the shell body. The portion of the oil injection groove that is offset from the shell body is located on the annular platform.

6. The motor housing according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first flow channel and the second flow channel are annular flow channels, and the first flow channel and the second flow channel are arranged radially apart along the end cap.

7. The motor housing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The end cap includes: The end cap body has a first annular groove and a second annular groove arranged radially at intervals on the side of the end cap body opposite to the shell body. A waterway cover, arranged in a ring shape, is placed over the opening of the first annular groove to define the first flow channel together with the first annular groove; and, The oil passage cover plate is arranged in a ring shape and is placed over the opening of the second annular groove to define the second flow channel together with the second annular groove.

8. The motor housing according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first annular groove is located on the outer side of the second annular groove in the radial direction, the cooling water inlet is located on the outer peripheral wall of the end cover body, and the cooling oil inlet is located on the oil passage cover plate.

9. The motor housing according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The shell body includes: The outer casing is cylindrical in shape; and, An inner shell is disposed within the outer shell. The main body of the inner shell is a cylindrical shape coaxially arranged with the outer shell and radially spaced from the outer shell. The outer peripheral wall of the inner shell is provided with a plurality of ribs extending axially and spaced circumferentially. The end of the rib away from the inner shell is interference-fitted with the inner peripheral wall of the outer shell. The outer shell, the inner shell, and two adjacent ribs together enclose and form the cooling water flow channel.

10. An electric motor, characterized in that, include: Motor housing as described in any one of claims 1-9; Both the stator assembly and the rotor assembly are installed within the housing.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: Vehicle body; The motor as described in claim 10 is mounted on the vehicle body.

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