Offshore fixed photovoltaic platform and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of offshore fixed photovoltaic platform and its construction method, including three piles, three piles are arranged in triangle;Truss is inclinedly installed on the top of three piles by three adjustable pile caps, and rectangular photovoltaic module is arranged on the truss;The main truss beam of truss arranged in pile is bent upwards, and prestressed tendon is arranged between adjacent piles.The original four-pile area photovoltaic platform is supported by three piles, the same photovoltaic module area reduces one offshore pile construction, the cost is greatly reduced, and one offshore pile is less constructed, and the construction window period is shortened.Adjustable pile cap structure is arranged to make truss leveling more convenient, and leveling cycle is greatly shortened.Reverse curve support and prestressed tension are used to reduce the increase of steel consumption;When settlement occurs, no secondary stress damage occurs, structural distortion, cracking and photovoltaic module damage are avoided, and the later maintenance cost is also reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of offshore photovoltaic platform technology, and in particular to an offshore fixed photovoltaic platform and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the saturation of onshore renewable energy development, more and more companies are turning their attention to the sea. Offshore photovoltaics (PV) is a brand-new way of utilizing and developing marine resources. It boasts advantages such as a wide, unobstructed sea surface, long hours of sunshine with high radiation levels, and minimal land occupation, making it a promising commercial prospect and gradually becoming a new direction for industry development and a hot project for energy investors. Currently, offshore PV is still in its early stages of development.

[0003] Currently, most offshore photovoltaic platforms adopt a four-pile structure. This structure has advantages such as lower difficulty in initial design calculations and structural verification, and more regular arrangement of photovoltaic modules. However, it also has the following drawbacks: Firstly, each photovoltaic platform requires the construction of four piles, which results in higher construction costs; furthermore, the construction period is long when constructing four piles, and the construction window is even longer in harsh sea areas. Secondly, the rectangular four-point support of the four piles is statically indeterminate. During installation, the top elevation of the four piles must be strictly consistent. Any difference in pile height exceeding the threshold will generate additional bending stress, resulting in a long installation and leveling period. Thirdly, during operation, if the seabed soil layer is uneven in hardness or has local silt interlayers, differential settlement of a single pile is very likely to occur, which can easily lead to the distortion, deformation, and cracking of the photovoltaic platform, as well as damage to the photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fixed offshore photovoltaic platform to solve the problems of high construction cost, long construction window period, long installation and leveling cycle, and the fact that settlement of a single pile can easily lead to distortion, deformation and cracking of the photovoltaic platform and damage to the photovoltaic modules.

[0005] Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a construction method for a fixed offshore photovoltaic platform.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical features, the objective of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a fixed offshore photovoltaic platform, comprising three piles arranged in a triangular configuration. The truss has a triangular structure and is installed at an angle on top of three piles via three adjustable pile caps. Rectangular photovoltaic modules are arrayed on the truss. The inward-sloping piles are positioned inside the horizontal projection plane of the truss, so that the edge of the truss is a cantilever structure. The truss is set on the main truss beam of the pile column, which has an upward bending structure. The degree of bending is used to compensate for the bending deformation of the main truss beam caused by the self-weight of the entire photovoltaic platform. Prestressed tendons are installed between adjacent piles to tension the adjacent piles.

[0007] The shortest side of the truss is longer than 35 meters, and the longest side is longer than 65 meters. The distance from the pile to the nearest vertex of the truss is 5.5 meters to 10 meters.

[0008] Multiple purlins are installed at the top of the truss, and the photovoltaic modules are flexibly connected to the purlins through multiple connecting components.

[0009] The connecting components include T-bolts, elastomers, lower pressure plates, upper pressure plates, and connecting nuts; The purlin has a C-shaped structure with the groove facing upwards. The fixing end of the T-bolt is inserted into the groove of the purlin, and the threaded end of the T-bolt extends outwards. An elastomer, a lower pressure plate, and an upper pressure plate are sequentially fitted on one side of the threaded end of the T-bolt from bottom to top. The photovoltaic module is located between the lower pressure plate and the upper pressure plate. A connecting nut is screwed onto the upper side of the T-bolt on the upper pressure plate. The T-bolt has a limiting element installed on the upper side of the connecting nut to prevent the connecting nut from loosening.

[0010] The elastomer has a rubber cylinder structure or is a spring.

[0011] The truss has an inclination angle of 4° to 18°. The lowest point of the photovoltaic module is above the water splash zone.

[0012] The adjustable pile cap includes a cap body with the opening facing downwards and the top of the cap body fixed to the truss. The top of the cap body is provided with multiple threaded holes for screwing in height adjustment bolts. An elastic rubber retaining ring is provided at the opening of the cap body. The cap body is provided with a rubber inlet and a rubber outlet. The top of the pile enters the cap body through the rubber retaining ring, and a flexible support is filled between the pile and the cap body.

[0013] A connecting column is fixed to the truss at the position corresponding to each pile column. The connecting column extends towards the lower side of the truss. A first flange is fixed to the bottom of the connecting column. A second flange is installed at the bottom of the first flange by bolts. The second flange is fixed to the top of the cap body through a connecting section.

[0014] The horizontal projections of multiple photovoltaic platforms are pieced together in a roughly rectangular array structure.

[0015] The truss is also equipped with a resonant device, which includes a gravity chamber and cables. The gravity chamber is used to inject rainwater or seawater, and the outer wall of the gravity chamber is connected to the three sides of the truss by three cables.

[0016] The truss is an equilateral triangle structure, an isosceles triangle structure, or a quasi-isosceles polygon structure.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also proposes a construction method for the aforementioned offshore fixed photovoltaic platform, comprising the following steps: S1. Factory-prefabricated piles, adjustable pile caps, and trusses; among which, the trusses adopt an inverted arch with an inverted arch height h of 2cm~5cm; photovoltaic modules are installed on the trusses in a pre-set array. S2. Pile foundation construction: Piles are driven into the designated sea area at a predetermined location using a construction vessel. S3. Transport the truss and the photovoltaic modules above it to the designated sea area for installation. After installing three adjustable pile caps at the bottom of the truss according to the actual pile positions, the truss is then hoisted as a whole. S4. Install the three adjustable pile caps onto the three piles, adjust the height of the truss using the height adjustment bolts to bring the truss to the preset tilt angle and eliminate truss twisting; then fix the adjustable pile caps to the piles using the lateral adjustment bolts. S5. Inject adhesive into the adjustable pile cap through the adhesive inlet. Stop injecting adhesive when the adhesive comes out from the adhesive outlet. S6. After the adhesive has cured and formed a flexible support, loosen the height adjustment bolts so that the truss load falls on the flexible support.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: 1. This invention uses three piles to support a photovoltaic platform with the area of ​​an original four-pile platform. The area of ​​the photovoltaic platform is no less than that of the original four-pile platform, but the construction cost is significantly reduced by eliminating the need for one offshore pile for the same photovoltaic module area. Furthermore, the construction window is shortened by eliminating the need for one offshore pile. By setting an adjustable pile cap structure, truss leveling is more convenient and the leveling cycle is greatly shortened. At the same time, by adopting a three-pile structure, when differential settlement occurs, only a slight tilt of the platform as a whole occurs, and there are no additional internal forces inside the structure, so no secondary stress damage will occur. Therefore, it can significantly reduce the torsional deformation caused by uneven settlement, thereby avoiding structural torsional deformation, cracking, and damage to photovoltaic modules.

[0019] 2. The inner diameter of the cap body of this invention is larger than the outer diameter of the top of the pile. When the truss is hoisted and lowered onto the pile, the cap body can accommodate the spacing error between adjacent piles. The gap between the top of the pile and the top of the cap body is used to adjust the height of the truss, and the gap between the top of the pile and the side of the cap body is used to adapt to and adjust the positional offset error between the pile and the truss. The truss height is adjusted by height adjustment bolts, making truss leveling more convenient. Furthermore, by setting a flexible support body, the truss can be flexibly connected and supported, and when the pile has a certain tilt, the connection between the pile and the truss will not twist or crack.

[0020] 3. In this invention, prestressed tendons are installed between adjacent piles to improve the stability of the structure and keep the truss in an anti-arch state.

[0021] 4. In this invention, the photovoltaic modules are flexibly supported and mounted on the purlins by multiple connecting components. The elasticity of the connecting components provides elastic support to the photovoltaic modules, which serves two purposes: first, it reduces the vibration of the photovoltaic modules caused by wind and waves, preventing vibration damage; second, it prevents the photovoltaic modules from being twisted and damaged after the photovoltaic platform settles.

[0022] 5. This invention, by installing a resonant device on the truss, causes the water inside the gravity chamber to move in the opposite phase when the platform sways or twists due to wave excitation, significantly reducing the sway amplitude of the photovoltaic platform and preventing unilateral overload caused by uneven stress on the piles. Under extreme conditions such as typhoons and storm surges, the resonant device can limit the platform's ultimate displacement, reducing the risk of the photovoltaic platform overturning.

[0023] 6. The core of this invention is to reduce the number of piles, because the cost of constructing piles on water is very high, especially in deep sea areas. However, the corresponding steel consumption will increase, since the platform area of ​​three piles needs to be achieved with four piles. Therefore, this invention adopts a reverse-bend support and prestressed tensioning scheme to reduce the increase in steel consumption. This significantly improves efficiency, meaning that with the same investment, the costs of offshore installation and operation and maintenance are greatly reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a top view of the arrangement of the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform of the present invention, showing the truss inverted arch structure.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform after the photovoltaic modules are installed.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the adjustable pile cap in this invention, showing the state without adhesive injection.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the adjustable pile cap in this invention, showing the adhesive injection state.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a photovoltaic module installed on a purlin via a connecting component in this invention.

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the resonant device mounted on the truss in this invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the truss structure in this invention, which is a quasi-isosceles polygonal structure.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which connecting columns are fixed on the truss in this invention.

[0035] In the picture: Photovoltaic platform 100; Pile 110, front pile 111, rear pile 112; Adjustable pile cap 120, cap body 121, connecting section 122, second flange 123, height adjusting bolt 124, lateral adjusting bolt 125, glue-blocking ring 126, glue inlet 127, glue outlet 128, flexible support body 129. Truss 130, connecting column 131, first flange 132, main truss beam 133; Purlin 140; Connecting component 150, T-bolt 151, elastomer 152, lower pressure plate 153, upper pressure plate 154, connecting nut 155, limiting component 156; 160 photovoltaic modules; Prestressing tendon 170, connecting seat 171; Resonance device 180, gravity chamber 181, cable 182. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application, a further detailed description of this application is provided below in conjunction with illustrations and specific embodiments. It should be specifically noted that the specific embodiments described below are only for illustrating the technical content of this application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present application. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the term "connection" or similar designation indicating a connection between components should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] Example 1: like Figure 1-3 ,as well as Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment provides a fixed offshore photovoltaic platform, including three piles 110 arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0040] The truss 130 has a triangular structure and is installed at an angle on top of three piles 110 via three adjustable pile caps 120. Rectangular photovoltaic modules 160 are arrayed on the truss 130.

[0041] The pile 110 is recessed and positioned inside the horizontal projection plane of the truss 130 so that the edge of the truss 130 is a cantilever structure.

[0042] The truss 130 is set on the main truss beam 133 of the pile column 110, which has an upward bending structure. The degree of bending is used to compensate for the bending deformation of the main truss beam 133 caused by the self-weight of the entire photovoltaic platform 100.

[0043] Prestressed tendons 170 are provided between adjacent piles 110 to tension the adjacent piles 110.

[0044] In this embodiment, the shortest side of truss 130 is longer than 35 meters and the longest side is longer than 65 meters. The distance between the nearest vertex of pile 110 and truss 130 is 5.5 meters to 10 meters.

[0045] This invention uses three piles (110) to support a photovoltaic platform with the area of ​​an original four-pile platform. The area of ​​the photovoltaic platform is no less than that of the original four-pile platform, but with the same photovoltaic module area, the construction of one less offshore pile (110) is required, significantly reducing costs. Furthermore, reducing the construction of one offshore pile (110) shortens the construction window. The use of inverted-bend supports and prestressed tendons (170) reduces steel consumption. The adjustable pile cap (120) structure makes leveling the truss (130) easier and significantly shortens the leveling cycle. Simultaneously, the three-pile structure means that when differential settlement occurs, only a slight tilt of the platform as a whole occurs, with no additional internal forces within the structure, preventing secondary stress damage. Therefore, it significantly reduces torsional deformation caused by uneven settlement, thereby avoiding structural torsional deformation, cracking, and damage to the photovoltaic modules.

[0046] See Figure 2 , 3 The prestressing tendons 170 can be made of steel cables. When in use, the steel cables are tensioned to a preset tension to keep the truss 130 in an arched state.

[0047] See Figure 3 A connecting seat 171 is fixed on the pile column 110, and the ends of the prestressed tendons 170 are installed and fixed on the connecting seat 171.

[0048] See Figure 9 The three piles 110 include one front pile 111 and two rear piles 112, with the height of the front pile 111 being higher or lower than the height of the rear piles 112. The truss 130 has an inclination angle between itself and the horizontal plane, ranging from 4° to 18°. The bottom of the lowest position of the photovoltaic module 160 is above the water splash zone.

[0049] See Figure 4 , 5 The adjustable pile cap 120 includes a cap body 121 with its opening facing downwards. The top of the cap body 121 is fixedly installed to the truss 130. The top of the cap body 121 is provided with several first threaded holes for screwing in the height adjustment bolts 124, and the circumference of the cap body 121 is provided with several second threaded holes for screwing in the lateral adjustment bolts 125. An elastic rubber retaining ring 126 is provided at the opening of the cap body 121. The cap body 121 is provided with a rubber inlet 127 and a rubber outlet 128. The top of the pile column 110 passes through the rubber retaining ring 126 into the cap body 121, and a flexible support body 129 is provided between the pile column 110 and the cap body 121.

[0050] The inner diameter of the cap 121 is larger than the outer diameter of the top of the pile 110. When the truss 130 is hoisted and lowered onto the pile 110, the cap 121 can accommodate the spacing error between adjacent piles 110. The gap between the top of the pile 110 and the top of the cap 121 is used to adjust the height of the truss 130, and the gap between the top of the pile 110 and the side of the cap 121 is used to accommodate and adjust the positional offset error between the pile 110 and the truss 130. The height of the truss 130 is adjusted by the height adjusting bolt 124, making leveling the truss 130 more convenient.

[0051] The sealing ring 126 is an elastic rubber ring fixed to the inner wall of the bottom of the cap body 121. It serves to seal the gap between the cap body 121 and the pile 110 and prevent the glue from flowing out during glue injection.

[0052] During use, after the truss 130 height is adjusted, at least three lateral adjusting bolts 125 are installed to fix the cap 121 to the pile 110, thus preventing wobbling between the pile 110 and the cap 121 and facilitating the curing of the adhesive. During adhesive injection, the injection head 1 of the injection equipment is aligned with the inlet 127, and adhesive is injected into the adjustable cap 120. Injection is stopped when the adhesive emerges from the outlet 128. After the adhesive cures, a flexible support 129 is formed. Then, the height adjusting bolt 124 and the lateral adjusting bolt 125 are removed, and a second round of adhesive injection is performed to seal the holes left after removing the bolts.

[0053] By setting up a flexible support body 129, the truss 130 can be flexibly connected and supported, and when the pile 110 has a certain inclination, the connection between the pile 110 and the truss 130 will not be twisted or cracked.

[0054] In this embodiment, the adhesive used for injection can be a two-component polysulfide sealant or a silicone weather-resistant sealant. The inlet 127 is located at the bottom of the cap 121 and above the sealant ring 126, while the outlet 128 is located at the top of the cap 121, thereby facilitating more complete and tight filling of the adhesive.

[0055] See Figure 4 , 5 10. A connecting column 131 is welded to the truss 130 at the position corresponding to each pile 110. The connecting column 131 extends towards the lower side of the truss 130. A first flange 132 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting column 131. A second flange 123 is bolted to the bottom of the first flange 132. The second flange 123 is fixed to the top of the cap 121 through the connecting section 122. With the above structure, it is convenient to install and fix the adjustable pile cap 120 to the bottom of the truss 130.

[0056] In this embodiment, see Figure 1The truss 130 can adopt an equilateral triangle structure or an isosceles triangle structure. Among them, when the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform is set up alone, the equilateral triangle structure is preferred; when the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform array is used, the isosceles triangle structure is preferred.

[0057] Of course, truss 130 can also be like this Figure 9 The diagram shows a quasi-isosceles polygon structure. The quasi-isosceles polygon structure is an overall isosceles triangle structure, but chamfers are added at the corners to form a polygon structure according to site requirements.

[0058] See Figure 1 The horizontal projections of multiple photovoltaic platforms are spliced ​​together in a roughly rectangular manner to form an array structure.

[0059] Example 2: Based on Example 1, see Figure 6 The top of the truss 130 is equipped with multiple purlins 140, which can be pre-welded to the truss 130. The photovoltaic module 160 is flexibly supported and installed on the purlins 140 through multiple connecting components 150.

[0060] Specifically, see Figure 7 The connecting assembly 150 includes a T-bolt 151, an elastomer 152, a lower pressure plate 153, an upper pressure plate 154, and a connecting nut 155. The purlin 140 has a C-shaped structure with its groove facing upwards. The fixed end of the T-bolt 151 is fitted into the groove of the purlin 140, and the threaded end of the T-bolt 151 extends outwards. The elastomer 152, the lower pressure plate 153, and the upper pressure plate 154 are sequentially fitted onto one side of the threaded end of the T-bolt 151 from bottom to top. The photovoltaic module 160 is located between the lower pressure plate 153 and the upper pressure plate 154. The connecting nut 155 is screwed onto the upper side of the upper pressure plate 154 of the T-bolt 151. A limiting member 156 is installed on the upper side of the connecting nut 155 on the T-bolt 151 to prevent the connecting nut 155 from loosening. The photovoltaic module 160 is elastically supported by the elastomer 152. This serves two purposes: first, it reduces the vibration of the photovoltaic module 160 caused by wind and waves, preventing vibration damage to the photovoltaic module 160; second, it prevents the photovoltaic module 160 from being twisted and damaged after the photovoltaic platform settles.

[0061] In this embodiment, the elastic body 152 is a rubber cylinder structure or a spring.

[0062] Example 3: Based on Example 1 or 2, see [example 1] Figure 8The truss 130 is also equipped with a resonant device 180, which includes a gravity chamber 181 and cables 182. The gravity chamber 181 is used to inject rainwater or seawater, and the outer wall of the gravity chamber 181 is connected to the three sides of the truss 130 by three cables 182 respectively.

[0063] By installing a resonant device 180 on the truss 130, when the platform sways and twists due to wave excitation, the water inside the gravity chamber 181 moves in the opposite phase, significantly reducing the sway amplitude of the photovoltaic platform and preventing unilateral overload caused by uneven stress on the piles. Under extreme conditions such as typhoons and storm surges, the resonant device 180 can limit the platform's ultimate displacement and reduce the risk of the photovoltaic platform overturning.

[0064] Example 4: Based on Embodiment 1, 2, or 3, the present invention also proposes a construction method for offshore fixed photovoltaic platforms, comprising the following steps: S1, prefabricated factory piles 110, adjustable pile caps 120, and trusses 130; wherein, the truss 130 adopts an inverted arch, the inverted arch height h is 2cm~5cm, and photovoltaic modules 160 are installed on the truss 130 in a preset orientation array. In this embodiment, the inverted arch height h is 3cm. S2. Pile foundation construction: The pile 110 is driven into the predetermined position in the designated sea area by a construction vessel.

[0065] S3. Transport the truss 130 to the designated installation area in the sea area, install three adjustable pile caps 120 at the bottom of the truss 130, and then hoist the truss 130.

[0066] S4. Install the three adjustable pile caps 120 onto the three piles 110, adjust the height of the truss 130 by adjusting the height bolts 124 to make the truss 130 at the preset tilt angle and eliminate the twisting of the truss 130; then fix the adjustable pile caps 120 to the piles 110 by adjusting the lateral bolts 125.

[0067] S5. Align the glue injection head 1 of the glue injection equipment with the glue inlet 127 and inject glue into the adjustable pile cap 120. Stop the glue injection when the glue comes out from the glue outlet 128.

[0068] S6. After the adhesive has cured, a flexible support 129 is formed. Then, the height adjustment bolt 124 and the lateral adjustment bolt 125 are removed so that the truss 130 is subjected to force on the flexible support 129.

[0069] The holes left after removing the height adjusting bolt 124 and the lateral adjusting bolt 125 can be sealed with glue a second time.

[0070] Example 5: The following comparison between the three-pile system proposed in this invention and the existing four-pile system demonstrates the advantages of this invention.

[0071] 1. Construction workload: The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention eliminates one offshore foundation pile and reduces the required pile guide frame, pile core grouting, anti-corrosion coating, and pile top connection structure by one set. 2. The number of offshore operation procedures has been greatly reduced: one less pile driving and positioning, one less ship positioning, one less hammer driving and pile driving, one less pile verticality monitoring, one less underwater cutting and leveling, and one less pile head grouting and corrosion protection.

[0072] 3. Cost savings on vessel operating days: The number of operating days for offshore piling vessels, crane vessels, transport vessels, and inspection vessels is reduced, significantly lowering the high daily rental costs for offshore engineering vessels.

[0073] 4. The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention reduces one underwater welding, underwater anti-corrosion repair, and underwater dredging operation, thereby avoiding underwater operation safety hazards and rework costs.

[0074] 5. The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention defines a plane through three points, and there is no four-point statically indeterminate forced leveling stress after the platform is in place. The four-pile rectangular four-point support is a first-order statically indeterminate structure, and the elevation of the top of the four piles must be strictly consistent. Any pile height difference exceeding the threshold will generate additional bending stress. During installation, repeated underwater grinding, pile padding, grouting and leveling are required.

[0075] 6. The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention only requires checking the elevation of three points, and single-point fine-tuning does not generate overall internal stress; the four-pile platform requires repeated matching of the top surfaces of the four piles, which greatly increases the leveling cycle under marine swell conditions.

[0076] 7. When using a floating crane for hoisting and lowering, the three-point support of the three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform can adapt to small pile top height differences, avoiding the risk of local hardening and local structural buckling deformation, and reducing the probability of hoisting damage and rework.

[0077] 8. The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention has lower requirements for the uniformity of the seabed foundation. If the seabed soil layer is uneven in hardness or has local silt interlayers, the four-pile platform is prone to differential settlement of a single pile. The three-pile system adapts to the strata at three points, eliminating the need for four piles to bear load simultaneously.

[0078] 9. The three-pile fixed photovoltaic platform proposed in this invention has fewer construction procedures for the three piles, shortens the offshore operation cycle of a single project, avoids typhoon and monsoon windows, and reduces penalties for construction delays.

[0079] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform, characterized in that, It includes three piles (110), which are arranged in a triangle. The truss (130) has a triangular structure and is installed at an angle on top of three columns (110) by three adjustable pile caps (120). Rectangular photovoltaic modules (160) are arrayed on the truss (130). The piles (110) are recessed and set inside the horizontal projection plane of the truss (130) so that the edge of the truss (130) is a cantilever structure. The truss (130) is set on the main truss beam (133) of the pile column (110) with an upward bending structure. The degree of bending is used to compensate for the bending deformation of the main truss beam (133) caused by the self-weight of the entire photovoltaic platform (100). Prestressed tendons (170) are provided between adjacent piles (110) to tension the adjacent piles (110).

2. The offshore fixed photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shortest side of the truss (130) is longer than 35 meters and the longest side is longer than 65 meters; The distance from the pile (110) to the nearest vertex of the truss (130) is 5.5 meters to 10 meters.

3. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple purlins (140) are installed on the top of the truss (130), and the photovoltaic module (160) is flexibly connected to the purlins (140) through multiple connecting components (150).

4. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting assembly (150) includes a T-bolt (151), an elastomer (152), a lower pressure plate (153), an upper pressure plate (154), and a connecting nut (155); The purlin (140) has a C-shaped structure with the groove of the purlin (140) facing upward. The fixing end of the T-bolt (151) is inserted into the groove of the purlin (140), and the threaded end of the T-bolt (151) extends outward. An elastic body (152), a lower pressure plate (153), and an upper pressure plate (154) are sequentially fitted on one side of the threaded end of the T-bolt (151) from bottom to top. The photovoltaic module (160) is located between the lower pressure plate (153) and the upper pressure plate (154). A connecting nut (155) is screwed onto the upper side of the upper pressure plate (154) of the T-bolt (151). The T-bolt (151) has a limiting element (156) installed on the upper side of the connecting nut (155) to prevent the connecting nut (155) from loosening.

5. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elastomer (152) is a rubber cylinder structure or a spring.

6. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The truss (130) has an inclination angle of 4° to 18°. The bottom of the lowest position of the photovoltaic module (160) is higher than the water splash zone.

7. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable pile cap (120) includes a cap body (121), with the opening of the cap body (121) facing downwards. The top of the cap body (121) is fixed to the truss (130). The top of the cap body (121) is provided with multiple threaded holes for screwing in the height adjustment bolts (124). An elastic rubber retaining ring (126) is provided at the opening of the cap body (121). The cap body (121) is provided with a rubber inlet (127) and a rubber outlet (128). The top of the pile (110) passes through the rubber retaining ring (126) into the cap body (121), and a flexible support body (129) is filled between the pile (110) and the cap body (121).

8. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 7, characterized in that: A connecting column (131) is fixedly connected to the truss (130) at the position corresponding to each pile (110). The connecting column (131) extends towards the lower side of the truss (130). A first flange (132) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting column (131). A second flange (123) is installed at the bottom of the first flange (132) by bolts. The second flange (123) is fixedly connected to the top of the cap body (121) through the connecting section (122).

9. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal projections of multiple photovoltaic platforms are pieced together in a roughly rectangular array structure.

10. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: A resonant device (180) is also installed on the truss (130). The resonant device (180) includes a gravity chamber (181) and cables (182). The gravity chamber (181) is used to inject rainwater or seawater. The outer wall of the gravity chamber (181) is connected to the three sides of the truss (130) by three cables (182).

11. A fixed offshore photovoltaic platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The truss (130) is an equilateral triangle structure, an isosceles triangle structure, or a quasi-isosceles polygon structure.

12. A construction method for the offshore fixed photovoltaic platform as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1, factory-prefabricated piles (110), adjustable pile caps (120) and trusses (130); wherein, the trusses (130) adopt an inverted arch, the inverted arch height h is 2cm~5cm; photovoltaic modules (160) are installed on the trusses (130) in a preset orientation array. S2, pile foundation construction, using a construction vessel to drive the pile column (110) into the preset position in the designated sea area; S3. Transport the truss (130) and the photovoltaic modules (160) above it to the designated sea area for installation. After installing three adjustable pile caps (120) at the bottom of the truss (130) according to the actual pile (110) position, the truss (130) is then hoisted as a whole. S4. Fit the three adjustable pile caps (120) onto the three piles (110), and adjust the height of the truss (130) by adjusting the height bolts (124) to make the truss (130) at the preset tilt angle and eliminate the twisting of the truss (130); then fix the adjustable pile caps (120) to the piles (110) by adjusting the lateral bolts (125); S5. Inject adhesive into the adjustable pile cap (120) from the adhesive inlet (127), and stop injecting adhesive when the adhesive comes out from the adhesive outlet (128); S6. After the adhesive has cured, a flexible support (129) is formed. Loosen the height adjustment bolt (124) so ​​that the truss (130) is subjected to force on the flexible support (129).

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