Methods, apparatuses and computer programs
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202580020303.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-03-11
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-23
Smart Images
Figure CN122971985A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] Various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure relate to a method, apparatus, system, and computer program, and particularly, but not exclusively, to waveform correction. Background Technology
[0002] A communication network can be viewed as a facility that enables communication between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices with access to a data network. Mobile or wireless communication networks are an example of communication networks. Communication devices may be served by application servers.
[0003] Such communication networks operate according to standards provided by, for example, 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). Examples of standards provided by 3GPP are the so-called 3GPP standards for cellular technology generations, such as the 3GPP standards for 4G technology and the 3GPP standards for 5G technology. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure will be described with reference to certain aspects. These aspects are not intended to indicate key or essential features of the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, nor are they intended to be used to limit its scope. In view of this disclosure, other features, aspects, and elements will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, it should be understood that additional aspects may be provided by combination of any two or more of the various aspects described below.
[0005] According to one aspect, an access node is provided, comprising components for: receiving first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmitting a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receiving one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determining second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determining auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmitting the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0006] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude associated with the channel.
[0007] The component can also be used to: determine the configuration of the calibration reference signal based on the first channel state information.
[0008] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0009] Beam information can indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given point in time when each beam in the beam will be utilized.
[0010] The component can also be used to: send one or more downlink reference signals to a user equipment, wherein the first channel state information may be based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0011] Determining auxiliary data may include: determining the channel impulse response of the channel based on first channel state information; removing the channel impulse response from one or more received calibration reference signals to estimate one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment; determining one or more expected calibration reference signals based on the configuration of the calibration reference signals transmitted to the user equipment; determining the power amplifier response of the user equipment based on the estimated one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment and the expected one or more calibration reference signals; and determining auxiliary data based on the determined power amplifier response of the user equipment.
[0012] The component can also be used to adjust one or more receiving parameters based on auxiliary data.
[0013] According to one aspect, a user equipment is provided, including components for: transmitting first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment to an access node; receiving a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; transmitting one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receiving auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjusting one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0014] The component can also be used to: receive one or more downlink reference signals from an access node; and determine first channel state information based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0015] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the channel’s permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude.
[0016] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0017] The beam information may indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point in time, wherein each beam in the beams will be utilized at the given time point, and wherein transmitting one or more calibration reference signals may include: transmitting one or more calibration reference signals using the indicated sequence of beams.
[0018] According to one aspect, an access node is provided, including at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the access node to at least: receive first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmit a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receive one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determine second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determine auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmit the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0019] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude associated with the channel.
[0020] At least one processor can be configured to enable the access node to determine the calibration reference signal configuration based on the first channel state information.
[0021] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0022] Beam information can indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given point in time when each beam in the beam will be utilized.
[0023] At least one processor can be configured to cause the access node to send one or more downlink reference signals to the user equipment, wherein the first channel state information can be based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0024] At least one processor can be configured such that an access node: determines a channel impulse response of a channel based on first channel state information; removes the channel impulse response from one or more received calibration reference signals to estimate one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by a user equipment; determines one or more expected calibration reference signals based on the calibration reference signals transmitted to the user equipment; determines the power amplifier response of the user equipment based on the estimated one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment and the expected one or more calibration reference signals; and determines auxiliary data based on the determined power amplifier response of the user equipment.
[0025] At least one processor can be configured to enable the access node to adjust one or more reception parameters based on auxiliary data.
[0026] According to one aspect, a user equipment is provided, including at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to at least: transmit first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment to an access node; receive a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; transmit one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjust one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0027] At least one processor can be configured to cause the user equipment to: receive one or more downlink reference signals from the access node; and determine first channel state information based on the one or more downlink reference signals.
[0028] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the channel’s permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude.
[0029] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0030] The beam information may indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point in time at which each beam will be utilized, and at least one processor may be configured to cause the user equipment to transmit one or more calibration reference signals using the indicated sequence of beams.
[0031] According to one aspect, a method performed by an access node is provided, the method comprising: receiving first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmitting a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receiving one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determining second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determining auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmitting the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0032] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude associated with the channel.
[0033] The method may also include: determining the calibration reference signal configuration based on the first channel state information.
[0034] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0035] Beam information can indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given point in time when each beam in the beam will be utilized.
[0036] The method may further include: sending one or more downlink reference signals to the user equipment, wherein the first channel state information may be based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0037] Determining auxiliary data may include: determining the channel impulse response of the channel based on first channel state information; removing the channel impulse response from one or more received calibration reference signals to estimate one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment; determining one or more expected calibration reference signals based on the configuration of the calibration reference signals transmitted to the user equipment; determining the power amplifier response of the user equipment based on the estimated one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment and the expected one or more calibration reference signals; and determining auxiliary data based on the determined power amplifier response of the user equipment.
[0038] The component can also be used to adjust one or more receiving parameters based on auxiliary data.
[0039] According to one aspect, a method performed by a user equipment is provided, the method comprising: sending to an access node first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment; receiving a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; sending one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receiving auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjusting one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0040] The method may also include: receiving one or more downlink reference signals from an access node; and determining first channel state information based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0041] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the channel’s permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude.
[0042] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0043] The beam information may indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point in time, wherein each beam in the beams will be utilized at the given time point, and wherein transmitting one or more calibration reference signals may include: transmitting one or more calibration reference signals using the indicated sequence of beams.
[0044] According to one aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, including instructions that, when executed by an access node, cause the access node to perform at least the following: receiving first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmitting a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receiving one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determining second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determining auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmitting the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0045] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude associated with the channel.
[0046] When the instruction is executed by the access node, the access node may also perform the following: determine the calibration reference signal configuration based on the first channel state information.
[0047] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0048] Beam information can indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given point in time when each beam in the beam will be utilized.
[0049] When executed by the access node, the instruction may also cause the access node to: send one or more downlink reference signals to the user equipment, wherein the first channel state information may be based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0050] Determining auxiliary data may include: determining the channel impulse response of the channel based on first channel state information; removing the channel impulse response from one or more received calibration reference signals to estimate one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment; determining one or more expected calibration reference signals based on the configuration of the calibration reference signals transmitted to the user equipment; determining the power amplifier response of the user equipment based on the estimated one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment and the expected one or more calibration reference signals; and determining auxiliary data based on the determined power amplifier response of the user equipment.
[0051] When the instruction is executed by the access node, it can also cause the access node to adjust one or more receiving parameters based on auxiliary data.
[0052] According to one aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, including instructions that, when executed by a user equipment, cause the user equipment to perform at least the following: transmit to an access node first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment; receive a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; transmit one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjust one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0053] When executed by the user equipment, the instruction may cause the user equipment to also perform: receiving one or more downlink reference signals from the access node; and determining first channel state information based on one or more downlink reference signals.
[0054] At least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate the channel’s permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude.
[0055] The calibration reference signal configuration may indicate at least one of the following: the transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; one or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; the bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; the number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; the constellation of the symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals.
[0056] The beam information may indicate: the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point in time, wherein each beam in the beams will be utilized at the given time point, and wherein transmitting one or more calibration reference signals may include: transmitting one or more calibration reference signals using the indicated sequence of beams.
[0057] According to one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided, comprising program instructions that, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform at least the method according to any one of the foregoing aspects.
[0058] Many different aspects have been described above. As previously stated, it should be understood that additional aspects can be provided by combining any two or more of the aspects described above. Other features, aspects, and elements will become apparent from the following text. Attached Figure Description
[0059] Some exemplary embodiments will now be described by way of non-limiting and illustrative examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0060] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a representation of a fifth-generation communication system;
[0061] Figure 2 The illustration shows a method for using according to some example embodiments. Figure 1 The representation of a communication system device;
[0062] Figure 3 The illustration shows a representation of an apparatus according to some example embodiments;
[0063] Figure 4 illustrates the methods based on some examples;
[0064] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates signaling exchanges based on some examples;
[0065] Figure 6 The illustrations show schematic representations of the apparatus according to some examples;
[0066] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates methods for waveform correction based on some examples;
[0067] Figure 8 The illustration shows the results of comparing the measured out-of-band emissions with values predicted based on some examples; and
[0068] Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the methods based on some examples. Detailed Implementation
[0069] In the following explanation, various exemplary embodiments are described with reference to communication devices capable of communicating with a communication system. Before explaining the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure in detail, refer to… Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This document provides a brief explanation of fifth-generation communication systems (5GS), their access networks and core networks (5GC), and communication equipment. It should be understood that aspects of this disclosure can be applied not only to 5G systems but also to other systems (such as, but not limited to, sixth-generation communication systems and 6G systems).
[0070] Figure 1The illustration depicts a schematic representation of a 5G communication system (5GS). The 5GS may include a user equipment (UE) or terminal 100, an access network such as a 5G radio access network (5G-RAN) 101 or a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN), a 5G core network 102, and one or more application functions 103. Application functions 103 may be deployed as trusted application functions within the 5GS, or they may be deployed or hosted on one or more application servers in a data network (DN) 104. Such application functions are untrusted application functions. The 5GS connects the UE to the data network via the access network and 5GC 102 (e.g., the 5GC's UPF).
[0071] 5G-RAN 101 may include one or more radio access nodes, such as gNodeBs (gNBs). A gNB may include one or more gNodeB (gNB) distributed units (DUs) connected to one or more gNodeB (gNB) centralized units (CUs).
[0072] 5GC may include the following network functions: Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF); Network Open Function (NEF) 105; Network Repository Function (NRF); Policy Control Function (PCF); Unified Data Management (UDM) 106; Application Function (AF) 103; Authentication Server Function (AUSF) 107; Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 108; Session Management Function (SMF) 109; and User Plane Function (UPF) 110. Figure 1 The diagram also illustrates the various interfaces (N1, N2, etc.) that can be implemented between the various elements of the system.
[0073] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates the control Figure 1 Access networks (e.g., Figure 1An example of a control device 200 for 5G-RAN or NG-RAN functions is shown. The control device 200 may include at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, at least one read-only memory (ROM) 211b, at least one processor 212, 213, and a network interface 214. At least one processor 212, 213 may be coupled to RAM 211a and ROM 211b. At least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute appropriate software code 215. Execution of the software code 215 may, for example, cause the device to perform operations for controlling network access functions. The software code 215 may be stored in ROM 211b. The control device 200 may interconnect with another control device 200 for controlling another function of 5G-RAN or NG-RAN. In some embodiments, each function of 5G-RAN or NG-RAN is deployed or hosted on the control device 200. In alternative embodiments, two or more functions of 5G-RAN or NG-RAN may share the control device.
[0074] Figure 3 An example of a communication device 300 is illustrated, such as Figure 1 The communication device 300 can be provided by any device capable of transmitting and receiving wireless signals. Non-limiting examples of the communication device 300 include user equipment, mobile station (MS) or mobile device (such as a mobile phone or so-called "smartphone"), computer equipped with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., a USB dongle), personal digital assistant (PDA) or tablet computer equipped with wireless communication capabilities, machine-type communication (MTC) device, Internet of Things (IoT) type communication device, or any combination thereof. The communication device 300 may include a transceiver for transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals, such as radio signals, that carry communication. The communication can be one or more of voice, email, text messages, multimedia data, machine data, etc.
[0075] The communication device 300 can receive wireless signals (e.g., radio signals) via an air or wireless interface 307 through suitable receiving means, and can transmit wireless signals via suitable transmitting means. Figure 3 In the diagram, the transceiver is schematically represented by block 306. Transceiver 306 may include, for example, a wireless component and an associated antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement may be located inside or outside the mobile device and may include one or more antenna elements. The antenna arrangement may be a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna.
[0076] The communication device 300 may be equipped with at least one processor 301, at least one ROM 302a, at least one RAM 302b, and other possible components 303, which are used to perform tasks designed to be performed with the assistance of software and hardware, including accessing a network (e.g., Figure 1 The control of access to and communication with 5G-RAN (or NG-RAN) and other communication devices shown herein. At least one processor 301 is coupled to RAM 302b and ROM 302a. At least one processor 301 can be configured to execute appropriate software code 308. The software code 308 may, for example, allow the execution of one or more operations of the communication device. The software code 308 can be stored in ROM 302a.
[0077] The processor, ROM and RAM, transceiver, and other circuitry of a communication device (such as a modem) may be located on a circuit board, in a chipset, or on a system-on-a-chip. The circuit board, chipset, or system-on-a-chip is indicated by reference numeral 304. The communication device 300 may optionally have a user interface, such as a keyboard 305, a touchscreen or touchpad, or a combination thereof. Depending on the type of communication device, one or more of a display, speaker, and microphone may optionally be provided.
[0078] In some examples, the UE can generate signals when performing a transmission. .Signal The input signal can be fed into a power amplifier (PA) at the UE, which amplifies the input signal and generates an output signal with a higher power than the original signal. Amplified signal Then it can be sent by the UE.
[0079] The PA can operate in both linear and nonlinear regions. In the linear region, the output signal... With input signal It is linearly proportional. In the nonlinear region, the output signal... Not with input signal It is not linearly proportional, but modified by the nonlinear behavior of PA. For example, if the nonlinear behavior of PA is Then the output signal in the nonlinear region is .
[0080] This could mean that when the PA operates in the nonlinear region, the signal becomes distorted (due to...). Distortion and / or undesirable effects may occur. Distortion and / or undesirable effects can be characterized by different performance metrics (e.g., according to 3GPP TS38.101, Section 6.5.2.4).
[0081] For example, nonlinearity in the transmitted signal may introduce out-of-band emissions, which occur on adjacent channels outside the allocated channel bandwidth. Out-of-band emissions can be characterized by the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR). ACLR can be defined as the ratio of the filtered average power centered at the allocated channel frequency to the filtered average power centered at adjacent channel frequencies at the nominal channel spacing, where the filtered average power at the allocated channel frequency and the filtered average power centered at adjacent channel frequencies are measured using rectangular filters, for example, according to the bandwidths shown in Table 1 below. Table 1—Example ACLR Measurement Bandwidth
[0082] Therefore, ACLR can indicate the extent to which the bandwidth of the transmitted signal leaks into adjacent channels.
[0083] Nonlinearity in the transmitted signal can also distort it to the point of constellation point error. The difference between the transmitted signal and the input signal (which may also be called the reference signal) can be called the error vector. The magnitude of the error vector, i.e., the error vector magnitude (EVM), can be calculated and compared with a threshold. If the EVM is greater than the threshold, the signal may be distorted to a degree that is incomprehensible at the receiver. Different parameters and / or modulation schemes can have different acceptable EVM requirements, as shown in Table 2 below. Table 2—Examples of different acceptable EVM requirements
[0084] Therefore, EVM can indicate the degree to which the transmitted signal deviates from the input signal.
[0085] Operating a PA in a non-linear region may therefore introduce undesirable effects into the transmitted signal. However, there may be situations where a UE needs to operate a PA in a non-linear region—for example, a UE may need to increase the transmission power of the signal when performing coverage extension operations, or a UE may be operating in high power-added efficiency (PAE) mode, both of which may require the PA to operate in a non-linear region.
[0086] Waveform correction techniques—such as pre-distortion and / or post-distortion techniques—can be used to compensate for the nonlinear behavior of the PA. For example, if the PA's nonlinear behavior... If it is known, then the input signal It can be passed at the UE before being input to the PA. Pre-distortion to compensate for distortion, thus and They cancel each other out, and the output of PA is Similarly, for post-distortion techniques, if the receiver is aware of the nonlinear behavior of the UE's PA, the receiver may be able to receive and separate the transmitted signal. And remove nonlinear behavior components. To obtain the expected signals.
[0087] In some examples, machine learning (ML) tools can be implemented to compensate for the PA nonlinearity of the UE, such as performing waveform correction (e.g., using pre-distortion or post-distortion techniques). Such ML tools may require labeled data for model training purposes.
[0088] Understanding the nonlinear behavior of the UE's PA (Power Amplifier) can be beneficial for waveform correction. However, the nonlinear behavior of the PA may be hardware-specific and may change throughout the UE's lifecycle. Furthermore, UE vendors may not wish to disclose details of the UE's PA, which could mean that annotation data for ML (Mean-Maintenance) purposes may not be readily available. In addition, many different variables, such as PA bandwidth, carrier frequency, and antenna response, can influence the required compensation techniques, meaning that achieving robust waveform correction techniques is challenging.
[0089] Some examples of this disclosure can address one or more of these problems. Some examples can provide methods and apparatus for waveform correction at the UE and / or access node. Some examples can provide signaling procedures between the access node (e.g., gNB) and the UE for determining auxiliary data for waveform correction. Thus, some examples can enhance the UE's ability to operate in the PA nonlinear region of the UE.
[0090] Referring to Figure 4, which illustrates a method based on some examples.
[0091] Reference Figure 4a The diagram illustrates a method that can be performed by an access node (e.g., gNB) of a network (such as, but not limited to, 5G or 6G networks).
[0092] At 400, the method includes: receiving first channel state information associated with a channel between an access node and the user equipment from the user equipment. At 402, the method includes: transmitting a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment. At 404, the method includes: receiving one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration. At 406, the method includes: determining second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals. At 408, the method includes: determining auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information. At 410, the method includes: transmitting auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0093] Reference Figure 4b The diagram illustrates the methods that can be executed by the UE.
[0094] At 412, the method includes: sending first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment to the access node. At 414, the method includes: receiving a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node. At 416, the method includes: sending one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration. At 418, the method includes: receiving auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node. At 420, the method includes: adjusting one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0095] Reference Figure 5 The diagram illustrates signaling exchanges based on some examples.
[0096] At position 500, the UE can send capability information to the access node, indicating the UE's capabilities regarding the number of transmission beams and beam overlap factor. In some examples, the UE can send capability information in response to a request received from the access node.
[0097] At position 502, the access node can send one or more downlink reference signals to the UE. These one or more downlink reference signals can be one or more Channel State Information (CSI) reference signals (RS).
[0098] At 504, the UE can determine the first CSI based on one or more downlink RSs received.
[0099] At point 506, the UE sends the first CSI to the access node.
[0100] At point 508, the access node can determine the calibration reference signal configuration.
[0101] In some examples, the access node can determine the calibration reference signal configuration based on the first CSI (received at 504) and / or UE capability information (received at 500).
[0102] The calibration reference signal configuration can indicate one or more of the following: One or more carriers of one or more calibration reference signals; The transmission power of one or more calibration reference signals; The bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of one or more calibration reference signals; The number of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; A constellation of symbols included in one or more calibration reference signals; or Beam information used by a user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals—for example, the sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting one or more calibration reference signals, and a given point in time at which each beam will be utilized.
[0103] At point 510, the access node can send a calibration reference signal configuration to the UE.
[0104] At point 512, the UE can configure itself to send one or more calibration reference signals to the access node based on the calibration reference signal configuration.
[0105] In some examples, at least one of the one or more calibration reference signals (as indicated by the calibration reference signal configuration) may violate permissible performance metrics associated with the channel. For example, at least one of the one or more calibration reference signals may violate permissible adjacent channel leakage ratios and / or permissible error vector magnitudes associated with the channel.
[0106] At 514, the access node can determine the second CSI based on one or more received calibration reference signals.
[0107] At point 516, the access node can determine auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first CSI and the second CSI. The auxiliary data for waveform correction can be used to correct the impact of the nonlinear response of the UE's PA on the waveform. For example, the auxiliary data can be used to perform pre-distortion and / or post-distortion processing.
[0108] For example, an access node can determine the channel impulse response (CIR) based on the first CSI. The CIR can represent any distortion of the signal transmitted via the channel according to channel-specific conditions, i.e., it does not depend on the UE's PA response.
[0109] The received one or more calibration signals (i.e., one or more calibration reference signals observed by the access node) can be the convolution of one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the UE with the channel impulse response. For example:
[0110] in It is the calibration reference signal observed by the access node. It is a calibration reference signal sent by the UE, and This represents convolution.
[0111] The access node can remove the CIR from one or more received calibration signals to estimate one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the UE. In other words, the access node can isolate and remove the effect of the CIR on the observed signal to determine the signal transmitted from the UE.
[0112] The calibration reference signal sent by the UE can be a convolution of the actual calibration reference signal sent by the UE (i.e., the signal input to the UE's PA) and the UE's PA response. For example:
[0113] in It is the actual calibration reference signal sent by the UE, and This is the UE's PA response.
[0114] The access node can determine the actual calibration reference signal to be transmitted by the UE based on the calibration reference signal configuration. Then, the access node can determine the actual calibration reference signal to be transmitted by the UE based on the estimated calibration reference signal (…). ) and the actual calibration reference signal to be sent by the UE ( The access node then determines the UE's PA response. Based on the determined UE PA response, the access node can then determine auxiliary data for waveform correction.
[0115] It should be understood that the specific example provided above is only one possible mechanism for determining auxiliary data, and in some examples, the access node may implement different mechanisms to determine auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first CSI and the second CSI, rather than the specific example provided above.
[0116] The access node can repeat this operation for each of one or more calibration reference signals to determine the UE's PA response. For example, each of the one or more calibration reference signals may have different transmission characteristics (e.g., carrier frequency), as indicated by the calibration reference signal configuration, and therefore, by repeating the calculation for each transmission characteristic, the access node can determine the UE's PA response under different characteristics (e.g., at different carrier frequencies).
[0117] In some examples, the ML model can be implemented on the network side to determine the UE's PA response, for example, using the techniques described above. The ML model implemented on the network side can be implemented at the access node in some examples, or it can be implemented elsewhere in the network and communicate with the access node.
[0118] For example, the ML model can send a request to the access node to initiate the determination of the UE's PA response, and in response to receiving the request, the access node can determine and send a calibration reference signal configuration. The access node can receive one or more calibration reference signals, demodulate the symbols within the signals, and send those symbols to the ML model. The ML model can determine the UE's PA response and send the determined UE PA response to the access node. The access node can send the UE's PA response received from the ML model as part of the auxiliary data sent to the UE.
[0119] When the ML model determines that the UE's PA model is outdated, the ML model can send an update request to the access node, which can use the above-mentioned technology to obtain an updated calibration reference signal, and the ML model can update the UE's PA model based on the symbols obtained by the access node from the updated calibration reference signal.
[0120] At point 518, the access node can send auxiliary data to the UE. The auxiliary data may include information for waveform correction. For example, the auxiliary data may include the UE's PA response determined by the access node (which the UE can use, for example, as input to a UE-side ML model to determine pre-distortion correction to compensate for the UE's PA nonlinearity), or parameters for performing pre-distortion processing at the UE to correct waveform distortion caused by the UE's PA nonlinearity.
[0121] At point 520, the UE can adjust one or more transmission parameters for subsequently transmitted signals based on auxiliary data. For example, the UE can apply predistortion correction techniques to subsequent signals based on the auxiliary data.
[0122] At 522, in addition to or instead of sending auxiliary data to the UE at 520, the access node may adjust one or more reception parameters for subsequently received signals based on the auxiliary data. For example, the access node may implement post-distortion techniques (e.g., a convolutional deep learning receiver for digital post-distortion) based on the auxiliary data to mitigate the effects of waveform distortion in subsequent signals caused by the UE's PA nonlinearity.
[0123] In some examples, the above process can be repeated periodically. This helps ensure that the determined UE PA response remains up-to-date and that the applied waveform correction (at the UE and / or access node) is accurately calibrated over time. In some examples, one or more calibration reference signals can be assigned for transmission in a dedicated time slot preceding the uplink data time slot. The periodicity of the dedicated time slot can be adjusted as needed to ensure accurate calibration.
[0124] In some examples, neural networks (e.g., liquid time constant (LTC) networks) can be used to process finite in-band time signals from the measured PA response to generate both in-band and out-of-band distortion predictions. Advantageously, the examples can provide a significant reduction in computational complexity and the elimination of numerous feedback loops commonly used in other methods.
[0125] Figure 7 An example method for waveform correction is illustrated at the transmitter (e.g., UE) and receiver (e.g., access node).
[0126] exist Figure 7 In the example shown, the signal x(t) is generated at the transmitter, amplified by power, and transmitted to the receiver through a channel with a response h. The signal x(t) can be, for example, the calibration reference signal as described above.
[0127] The receiver (e.g., an access node) samples the signal, and the in-band signal samples collected in the complex vector y_inband are input to a first prediction block, which returns the predicted out-of-band (OOB) transmission vector y_OOB of the receiver. The vector y_OOB may be included in the auxiliary data described earlier.
[0128] Auxiliary data (including the vector y_OOB) can then be sent to a transmitter, which can then use the vector y_OOB to predict the transmitter's OOB emission x_OOB. Additionally or alternatively, as... Figure 7 As shown, the transmitter can use feedback from the power amplifier to predict the transmitter's OOB transmission x_OOB.
[0129] The predicted x_OOB can be used in the transmitter's digital predistortion block to counteract the actual OOB transmission that the PA will produce at its output. That is, the transmitter can adjust one or more transmission parameters, such as one or more parameters of the digital predistortion block, based on feedback received from the power amplifier and / or auxiliary data received from the receiver (and more specifically, in some examples, based on the vector x_OOB determined according to the vector y_OOB included in the auxiliary data).
[0130] As mentioned above, in some examples, the creation of OOB predictions for power amplifiers can involve the use of neural networks, which can be in the form of ordinary differential equation (ODE) networks. Such ODE networks can be described by a system of linear ODE equations. For example, an LTC network can implement an ODE of the following form:
[0131] in is the time constant of the network that determines the speed and coupling sensitivity of the ODE, f() is the neural network parameterized by the network parameters, x(t) is the hidden state at time t, I(t) is the input at time t, and θ and A are the network parameters.
[0132] Neural networks can model the behavior of power amplifiers. For example, a liquid time constant network can utilize eight neurons, all of which are connected by liquid time-dependent connections—in other words, the neural network can learn the time correlation between in-band and out-of-band emissions (typically discovered using oversampling of data) by restricting the internal DPD receiver on the receiver or transmitter side to sample only the in-band spectrum and using an LTC network to predict OOB.
[0133] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the results using limited training data and demonstrates that even with very limited data, OOB emissions can be accurately predicted. In some examples, the algorithm can function not as a neural network, but as a closed neural network, where neurons do not adapt and continue to learn over time, but instead become fixed. This can be achieved using a closed-form solution from an Euler solver, thus reducing the computational complexity of the neural network.
[0134] As mentioned earlier, in some examples, the digital predistortion and postdistortion (DPD) based method can be implemented in both the transmitter (e.g., UE) and the receiver (e.g., access node). For example, as discussed earlier... Figure 7 As explained, digital predistortion (DPD) processing on the transmitter side can be based on feedback from the power amplifier at the transmitter and / or on feedback from the receiver.
[0135] In some examples, the transmitter may include a neural network trained based on an approximate gradient method, while the receiver may include a neural network trained based on true gradients.
[0136] In some examples, ACLR reduction can be achieved at the transmitter through dedicated digital signal processing and neural network integration. In the receiver, a similar setup can be used for EVM reduction. This separation allows for targeted optimization of distortion compensation.
[0137] Reference Figure 9 The diagram illustrates an example method implemented by a transmitter (e.g., a UE) and a receiver (e.g., an access node). It is assumed here that the UE sends an information bit vector b to the access node using uplink PUSCH transmission.
[0138] The UE can convert a vector b into OFDM symbols m by sequentially performing encoding, scrambling, QAM modulation, IFFT, and CP addition. These operations are well-known and can be performed by non-trainable functions. In general terms, this untrainable function Generate OFDM symbols The resulting symbols can then be passed to a trainable transmitter (PA-DPD TX), which performs digital predistortion to compensate for the PA response.
[0139] Trainable transmitter The signal ( m Mapped to The predistortion signal in x ),in Indicates the parameters of the trainable transmitter: .
[0140] The signal can then be input to a device with a response. h PA The PA, and can be used through a responsive h An unknown wireless propagation channel was transmitted.
[0141] The receiver of the access node acquires the signal. y The signal y It can be approximated as x Combined channel response ( hPA h Convolution between ) : y≈( hPA h x The receiver may include a trainable receiver (PA-DPoD RX) and a non-trainable OFDM receiver.
[0142] Trainable receivers can be generated by functions Description, in which This represents the parameters of the trainable receiver. The receiver can receive... Signals in y And perform post-distortion operation to generate a signal. A trainable receiver can further compensate for the nonlinearity caused by the PA response with a memory effect.
[0143] The post-distorted signal u can be passed to an untrainable OFDM receiver, which can output the transmitted bits ( b The probability vector on ) pb = f RX ( u ).
[0144] Before UL transmission, the trainable parts of the UE and access node need to be jointly trained. However, using a single loss function and stochastic gradient descent to jointly train the trainable transmitter and trainable receiver (e.g., deriving the function) is not feasible. , fR This may not be directly feasible, as it may require that the combined channel response (or more specifically, the gradient of the instantaneous combined channel response) be known.
[0145] To circumvent the unknown channel problem, a hybrid approach can be implemented in some examples, where the trainable receiver of the access node is trained on a first loss function using supervised learning, while the trainable transmitter of the UE is derived using a second loss function (using a relaxation of the first loss function) and reinforcement learning.
[0146] For Tx side and Rx side The combined loss function can be given by the following:
[0147] in , This is a weighted coefficient balancing the contributions of cross-entropy (CE) loss and ACLR emission loss, where the cross-entropy loss can be given by the following integral:
[0148] here, It is the classification cross-entropy, and Indicates the unknown combined channel response ( hPA h ).
[0149] The loss function for ACLR emission loss can be expressed as:
[0150] in S This represents the batch size, and log is the logarithmic scale of the power. Ns It is the number of OFDM symbols per time slot. ACLR It contains an index for the set of unused subcarriers at the edges of the frequency band. MACLR It is the total number of unused subcarriers, and Hklq yes hP(n) Frequency domain representation in oversampling time slot format.
[0151] The estimate of the gradient loss function for the receiver can be given as:
[0152] This gradient can be estimated using samples because Differentiability is not required.
[0153] Where S is the batch size, m is the i-th training sample, and y is the corresponding received signal.
[0154] Estimating the gradient loss function for the emitter can be more complex, because... The unknown or non-differentiable properties of.
[0155] Some examples can be channel input ( x Relax the variable to a random variable, and then use an alternative distribution. To estimate the gradient, as follows:
[0156] The approximate gradient obtained for the transmitter is:
[0157] Training can alternate between updating the receiver and transmitter, where training can be based on the gradients described above. The training process can be repeated until a predetermined stopping criterion is met, such as a fixed number of iterations having been performed, or until no further improvement in loss can be achieved.
[0158] Examples of waveform correction that can be implemented at the UE and / or access node have been described. Waveform correction is based on auxiliary data derived in a UE-specific manner from the CSI derived from the downlink RS and the CSI derived from the uplink RS transmission, without requiring specific hardware details to be disclosed. By determining the auxiliary data used for waveform correction in the manner described in various examples, the effects of PA nonlinearity in the UE can be mitigated, which can enable or enhance UE functions such as improved coverage extension or PAE techniques.
[0159] In some examples, an access node is provided, including components for: receiving first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmitting a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receiving one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determining second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determining auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmitting the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0160] In some examples, an access node is provided, including at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the access node to at least: receive first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment from a user equipment; transmit a calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; receive one or more calibration reference signals from the user equipment via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; determine second channel state information associated with the channel based on the one or more calibration reference signals; determine auxiliary data for waveform correction based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information; and transmit the auxiliary data to the user equipment.
[0161] In some examples, a user equipment is provided, including components for: transmitting first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment to an access node; receiving a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; transmitting one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receiving auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjusting one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0162] In some examples, a user equipment is provided, including at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to at least: transmit first channel state information associated with a channel between the access node and the user equipment to an access node; receive a calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; transmit one or more calibration reference signals to the access node via the channel based on the calibration reference signal configuration; receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; and adjust one or more transmission parameters based on the auxiliary data.
[0163] While examples of methods performed by the UE and / or access node have been described, it should be understood that in other examples, different entities (e.g., different from the UE and / or access node) may implement the described methods. For example, a first node may perform methods belonging to the UE, and a second node may perform methods belonging to the access node, as previously described.
[0164] Figure 6 The illustration shows schematic representations of non-volatile storage media 600a (e.g., computer optical disc (CD) or digital versatile optical disc (DVD)) and 600b (e.g., universal serial bus (USB) flash drive), which store instructions and / or parameters 602, which, when executed by a processor, allow the processor to execute Figure 4 or Figure 5 One or more steps in the method.
[0165] It should be understood that the references to various network functions (e.g., AMF, SMF, TNF, etc.) in the foregoing can be implemented by means of at least some of the functions associated with those network functions. Furthermore, means configured to implement network functions can also be configured as virtual network function instances that implement those network functions.
[0166] It should be understood that the device may include or be coupled to other units or modules, such as radio frequency sections or radio frequency heads used for transmission and / or reception. Although the device has been described as a single entity, different modules and memories may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
[0167] It should be noted that while some example embodiments have been described with respect to 5G networks, similar example embodiments can be applied to other networks and communication systems. Therefore, although some example embodiments have been described above by way of example with reference to certain example architectures, technologies, and standards for wireless networks, other example embodiments can be applied to any other suitable form of communication system besides those illustrated and described herein.
[0168] It should also be noted that several variations and modifications may be made to the various example embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
[0169] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, wherein the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”, means at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements. As used herein, the expression “and / or” includes any and all combinations of the listed terms, including at least any one of the elements, at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements.
[0170] As used herein, the term “or” means non-exclusive “or” unless otherwise indicated (e.g., “or other” or “or as an alternative”).
[0171] As used herein, unless explicitly stated otherwise, an "in response to A" execution step does not indicate that the step is executed immediately after "A" occurs, and may include one or more intermediate steps. Similarly, an "based on A" execution step or function does not indicate that the step or function is executed solely based on "A," as it may include one or more additional conditions.
[0172] Generally, various embodiments can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of this disclosure can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although this disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of this disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be fully understood that the blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques, or methods described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof, as non-limiting and illustrative examples.
[0173] As used herein, the term "circuit system" may refer to one or more, or all of the following: (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementation only in analog and / or digital circuits) and (b) A combination of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) A combination of (multiple) analog and / or digital hardware circuits and software / firmware, and (ii) A hardware processor(s) having software and software (including (multiple) digital signal processors), software, and any part of memory, which work together to enable a device (such as a mobile phone or server) to perform various functions, and (c) (Multiple) hardware circuits and / or (multiple) processors, such as (multiple) microprocessors or a portion thereof, which operate using software (e.g., firmware), but may not exist when the software is not used for operation.
[0174] This definition of circuit system applies to all uses of the term herein, including in any claim. As another example, as used herein, the term circuit system also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or processors) or a portion thereof and its accompanying software and / or firmware implementations. For example, if applicable to a particular claim element, the term circuit system also includes baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices, or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices, or other computing or network devices.
[0175] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented by computer software executable by the data processor of a mobile device, such as in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or programs (also referred to as program products, including software routines, applets, and / or macros) can be stored in any device-readable data storage medium, and they include program instructions for performing a specific task. A computer program product may include one or more computer-executable components that, when the program is run, are configured to perform the embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one piece of software code or a portion thereof.
[0176] Furthermore, it should be noted in this regard that any block of the logic flow shown in the figure can represent a program step, or an interconnected logic circuit, block and function, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. Software can be stored on physical media implemented within a processor, such as memory chips or memory blocks; magnetic media, such as hard disks or floppy disks; and optical media, such as DVDs and their data variants, CDs. The physical medium is a non-transitory medium.
[0177] As used herein, the term “non-transient” refers to a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), rather than a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).
[0178] The memory can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processor can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can include one or more of the following as non-limiting examples: general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGAs, gate-level circuits, and processors based on multi-core processor architectures.
[0179] The various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in a variety of components, such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is largely a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools can be used to convert logic-level designs into semiconductor circuit designs for etching and formation on semiconductor substrates.
[0180] The independent claims define the scope of protection sought by the various embodiments of this disclosure. The exemplary embodiments and features (if any) described in this disclosure that do not fall within the scope of the independent claims are to be interpreted as examples that aid in understanding the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
[0181] The foregoing description provides a complete and informative description of various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure by way of non-limiting and illustrative examples. However, various modifications and variations may become apparent to those skilled in the art when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims, in view of the present disclosure. Nevertheless, all such modifications to the teachings and similar embodiments will still fall within the various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As a non-limiting and illustrative example, other exemplary embodiments exist, which may include combinations of one or more exemplary embodiments with any of the other exemplary embodiments discussed above.
Claims
1. An access node comprising components for: Receive first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment from the user equipment; Send calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are received from the user equipment via the channel; Based on the one or more calibration reference signals, determine second channel state information associated with the channel; Based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information, auxiliary data for waveform correction is determined; as well as The auxiliary data is sent to the user equipment.
2. The access node according to claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more calibration reference signals violates the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude associated with the channel.
3. The access node according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the component is further configured to: Based on the first channel state information, the configuration of the calibration reference signal is determined.
4. The access node according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the calibration reference signal configuration indicates at least one of the following: The transmission power of the one or more calibration reference signals; One or more carriers of the one or more calibration reference signals; The bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of the one or more calibration reference signals; The number of symbols included in the one or more calibration reference signals; Constellations of symbols included in the one or more calibration reference signals; or Beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting the one or more calibration reference signals.
5. The access node of claim 4, wherein the beam information indicates: a sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting the one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point in which each of the beams will be utilized.
6. The access node according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the component is further configured to: Send one or more downlink reference signals to the user equipment. The first channel state information is based on the one or more downlink reference signals.
7. The access node according to any of the preceding claims, wherein determining the auxiliary data includes: Based on the first channel state information, the channel impulse response of the channel is determined; The channel impulse response is removed from one or more received calibration reference signals to estimate the one or more calibration reference signals transmitted by the user equipment; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration sent to the user equipment, one or more expected calibration reference signals are determined; The power amplifier response of the user equipment is determined based on the estimated one or more calibration reference signals sent by the user equipment and the expected one or more calibration reference signals. as well as The auxiliary data is determined based on the determined power amplifier response of the user equipment.
8. The access node according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the component is further configured to: Based on the auxiliary data, adjust one or more receiving parameters.
9. A user equipment comprising components for: Send first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment to the access node; Receive calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are sent to the access node via the channel; Receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; as well as Based on the auxiliary data, adjust one or more transmission parameters.
10. The user equipment according to claim 9, wherein the component is further configured to: Receive one or more downlink reference signals from the access node; and The first channel state information is determined based on the one or more downlink reference signals.
11. The user equipment according to claim 9 or 10, wherein at least one of the one or more calibration reference signals violates the permissible adjacent channel leakage ratio and / or permissible error vector magnitude of the channel.
12. The user equipment according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the calibration reference signal configuration indicates at least one of the following: The transmission power of the one or more calibration reference signals; One or more carriers of the one or more calibration reference signals; The bandwidth and / or bandwidth portion of the one or more calibration reference signals; The number of symbols included in the one or more calibration reference signals; Constellations of symbols included in the one or more calibration reference signals; or Beam information used by the user equipment when transmitting the one or more calibration reference signals.
13. The user equipment of claim 12, wherein the beam information indicates: a sequence of beams used by the user equipment when transmitting the one or more calibration reference signals, and a given time point, each of the beams being utilized at the given time point, and wherein transmitting the one or more calibration reference signals comprises: The one or more calibration reference signals are transmitted using the indicated sequence of beams.
14. An access node comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the access node to at least: Receive first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment from the user equipment; Send calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are received from the user equipment via the channel; Based on the one or more calibration reference signals, determine second channel state information associated with the channel; Based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information, auxiliary data for waveform correction is determined; as well as The auxiliary data is sent to the user equipment.
15. A user equipment comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment to at least: Send first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment to the access node; Receive calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are sent to the access node via the channel; Receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; as well as Based on the auxiliary data, adjust one or more transmission parameters.
16. A method performed by an access node, the method comprising: Receive first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment from the user equipment; Send calibration reference signal configuration to the user equipment; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are received from the user equipment via the channel; Based on the one or more calibration reference signals, determine second channel state information associated with the channel; Based on the first channel state information and the second channel state information, auxiliary data for waveform correction is determined; as well as The auxiliary data is sent to the user equipment.
17. A method performed by a user equipment, the method comprising: Send first channel state information associated with the channel between the access node and the user equipment to the access node; Receive calibration reference signal configuration from the access node; Based on the calibration reference signal configuration, one or more calibration reference signals are sent to the access node via the channel; Receive auxiliary data for waveform correction from the access node; as well as Based on the auxiliary data, adjust one or more transmission parameters.