A vermicompost fertilization and irrigation method and system based on rapid potassium reinforcement absorption

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and discloses a kind of earthworm manure fertilization irrigation method and system based on quick-acting potassium reinforced absorption, comprising the following steps: S1, the mixture of biochar and earthworm manure is used as fertilizer, and cherry trees are fertilized; S2, on the basis of normal surface irrigation, the reserved biochar is used as irrigation circulating water filter medium, and the filtered irrigation circulating water is used to supplement irrigation for cherry trees by underground infiltration irrigation, and the irrigation vertical depth is not less than 30 cm; S3, during irrigation, the sequence of underground infiltration irrigation is from deep to shallow, and the soil is irrigated in turn horizontally; according to the soil characteristics of cherry trees, the soil composition characteristics of gum flow disease are combined to set the fertilization and irrigation scheme, biochar is used as quick-acting potassium supplement for earthworm manure, and the form of infiltration irrigation combined with biochar filtration is used to directly regulate the deep soil, solve the problem of quick-acting potassium deficiency in deep soil, and reduce the probability of gum flow disease of cherry trees or avoid gum flow disease of cherry trees.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilization technology, specifically a method and system for fertilizing and irrigating with earthworm castings based on the enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium. Background Technology

[0002] Earthworm castings have a pH of around 7.8, while biochar has a pH of around 9. Biochar's pH is slightly higher. Although biochar is rich in available potassium, using it alone can easily increase soil pH, negatively impacting cherry tree growth. Therefore, earthworm castings can be mixed with biochar to increase available potassium while reducing its impact on the soil. While adding biochar can improve potassium absorption, its surface fertilization method means that the available potassium content at a depth of 30cm in the soil remains low. Excessive biochar addition can also increase soil pH and is detrimental to cherry tree growth.

[0003] During cherry cultivation, soil changes can lead to gummosis, a disease that significantly impacts the tree's resistance and disease incidence. Analysis of soil samples collected from affected cherry trees revealed a pH level between 5.5 and 6, compared to 6.5-7 for healthy cherry trees. Under acidic conditions, soil enzyme activity, nutrient form, and microbial distribution are all affected, directly impacting nutrient availability and water and fertilizer retention. Magnesium promotes root growth and reduces cell membrane permeability, while calcium increases cell stability. Studies have shown that silicon, calcium, and magnesium effectively combat cherry tree diseases. Reduced soil moisture hinders calcium and magnesium leaching and precipitation, affecting root absorption and increasing susceptibility to disease. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for fertilizing and irrigating with vermicompost based on enhanced absorption of readily available potassium. Targeting the soil characteristics of cherry trees and the soil composition features associated with gummosis, a fertilization and irrigation scheme is specifically designed. Biochar is used as a readily available potassium supplement from vermicompost, and a combination of infiltration irrigation and biochar filtration is employed to directly regulate the deep soil layers and address the problem of readily available potassium deficiency in these layers. This reduces the probability of gummosis in cherry trees or prevents the occurrence of gummosis altogether, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The pH value of the soil in the health garden gradually increases with increasing soil depth, while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium gradually decreases with increasing soil depth.

[0006] In diseased orchards, the pH value gradually increases with soil depth, while the content of available phosphorus and potassium gradually decreases. However, the pH value and available potassium content in diseased orchards are lower than in healthy orchards at the deepest depths. The available phosphorus content in diseased orchards is higher than in healthy orchards at the deepest soil depths.

[0007] Under acidic conditions, soil enzyme activity, the form of soil nutrients, and the distribution of soil microbial colonies are all affected, which directly affects the availability of soil nutrients and the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, thus impacting the health of cherry trees.

[0008] Through experiments, we learned about the substance content of earthworm castings and biochar, as well as the soil fertility distribution characteristics under normal and abnormal conditions. In order to reduce the risk of disease in cherry trees, we adopted the following steps for fertilization.

[0009] A method for fertilizing and irrigating with vermicompost based on enhanced absorption of readily available potassium includes: Step S1: Use the mixture of biochar and earthworm castings as fertilizer to fertilize the cherry trees, wherein the mass ratio of earthworm castings to biochar is 15:1; Step S2: On the basis of normal surface irrigation, the reserved biochar is used as the filter medium for irrigation circulating water. The filtered irrigation circulating water is used to supplement the irrigation of cherry trees through underground seepage irrigation, with a vertical irrigation depth of not less than 30cm. Irrigation canals are laid out in tree irrigation areas. In non-irrigated areas, rainwater and surface seepage will accumulate in these canals, along with residual pesticides and heavy metals. The biochar remaining or reserved from step S1 serves as a filter medium. After the liquid in the canal is filtered through the biochar, pesticides and heavy metals in the water are adsorbed. Simultaneously, the available potassium in the biochar is flushed into the water. The water treated with biochar now contains available potassium. This potassium-containing filtrate is then vertically infiltrated into the deep soil, addressing the lack of available potassium within the top 30cm of soil. Furthermore, due to the high pH of biochar, the pH of the filtrate may rise after filtration. This increased pH then enters the deep soil, regulating the pH and replenishing the available potassium content in the deeper layers. If the pH remains unchanged after filtration and is slightly acidic or acidic, the pH of the filtrate needs to be adjusted.

[0010] Step S3: During the irrigation process, the underground seepage irrigation is carried out in a horizontal sequence from deep to shallow.

[0011] Since the initial filtrate contains the highest amount of available potassium, as the filtration time increases, the amount of available potassium in the biochar decreases, and the amount of available potassium in the filtrate becomes lower and lower. As soil depth decreases, the content of available potassium increases, thus reducing the need for replenishing available potassium. Therefore, the order of underground seepage irrigation is to irrigate horizontally from deep to shallow. The content of available potassium in the filtered seepage irrigation is coupled with the demand for available potassium in the soil depth, so that the replenishment corresponds to the demand.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it also includes step S3A, which replaces step S3. In step S3A, during the irrigation process, the order of underground seepage irrigation is horizontal synchronous irrigation from deep to shallow and the seepage amount gradually increases from deep to shallow.

[0013] After being filtered by biochar filtrate, the waste liquid is simultaneously infiltrated. As the density of the infiltration holes gradually decreases from bottom to top, the infiltration flow rate at the bottom is greater than that at the top, thus achieving the coupling of irrigation and available potassium demand.

[0014] An earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium is used to perform the above method.

[0015] As a further embodiment of the present invention, it includes a mixing module, a liquid collection and sedimentation module, a filtration module, and an irrigation module, wherein the mixing module is used to perform the mixing of biochar and earthworm castings in step S1.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention: the liquid collection and sedimentation module is used to collect one or more of the following liquids, including but not limited to irrigation water, rainwater, groundwater, and river water.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the filter module is filled with the same biochar as in step S1 or the biochar remaining in step S1.

[0018] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the drip irrigation module consists of a main pipeline laid on the ground surface and multiple drip irrigation pipelines vertically inserted into the soil. Multiple drip irrigation holes are opened on the surface of the drip irrigation pipelines, and the density of the drip irrigation holes gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0019] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the drip irrigation module consists of a main pipeline laid on the ground surface and multiple drip irrigation pipelines vertically inserted into the soil. Multiple drip irrigation holes are opened on the surface of the drip irrigation pipelines, and the density of the drip irrigation holes gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0020] As a further aspect of the present invention, the surface of the drip irrigation pipeline is provided with a plurality of vertically equidistantly distributed, controllable drip irrigation holes.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This technical solution is tailored to the soil characteristics of cherry trees and the soil composition features of gummosis. It sets up targeted fertilization and irrigation schemes, uses biochar as a quick potassium supplement from earthworm castings, and adopts a combination of seepage irrigation and biochar filtration to directly regulate the deep soil layers and solve the problem of deep quick potassium deficiency, thereby reducing the probability of gummosis in cherry trees or preventing the occurrence of gummosis. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of an earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation system based on the enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium. Figure 2 Chart showing the effect of fertilizer on cherry tree height; Figure 3 Chart showing the effect of fertilizer on the diameter of cherry tree trunks; Figure 4 Charts showing soil testing results for the Cherry Health Orchard; Figure 5 Charts showing soil testing results for cherry orchards affected by diseases; Detailed Implementation

[0024] Please see Figure 1 : The basic properties of the biochar that can be used in this embodiment are as follows: The pH value was 9.11, the EC value was 2.12 mS / cm, the available potassium value was 502.34 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus value was 603.78 mg / kg.

[0025] The basic properties of earthworm castings that can be used in this embodiment are as follows: The pH value is 7.79, the EC value is 1.83 mS / cm, the available potassium value is 273.65 mg / kg, and the available phosphorus value is 583.71 mg / kg.

[0026] Experimental Design: Basic group: Untreated soil Experimental Group A: Earthworm castings applied alone (3 tons / acre) Experimental Group B: Biochar applied alone (0.2 tons / acre) Experimental Group C: Earthworm castings and biochar were applied in a 15:1 ratio, with 3 tons of earthworm castings and 0.2 tons of biochar per acre.

[0027] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 3 It can be seen that experimental group C had the greatest impact on tree height, while the impacts of experimental groups B and C on trunk diameter were not significantly different. The charts show that the combination of earthworm castings and biochar promotes the growth of cherry trees.

[0028] Soil sampling results from healthy and diseased gardens, avoiding fertilization points: The specific sampling method was as follows: Based on the size of the orchard and the site environment, avoiding fertilization points and maintaining a distance of 1 meter from the tree trunk, the "S"-shaped sampling method was used to select 5 sampling points in both healthy and diseased cherry orchards to collect soil samples. The sampling depth was 0–30 cm, and soil samples were collected from three layers: 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm.

[0029] Please see Figures 4-5 : The pH value of the soil in the health garden gradually increased to 7.13 as the soil layer deepened, while the content of available phosphorus and available potassium gradually decreased as the soil layer deepened.

[0030] In diseased orchards, the pH value gradually increased to 6.13 with increasing soil depth. The contents of available phosphorus and potassium gradually decreased with increasing soil depth, but the pH value and available potassium content in diseased orchards were lower than in healthy orchards at the deepest depths. The available phosphorus content in diseased orchards was higher than in healthy orchards at the deepest soil depths.

[0031] Under acidic conditions, soil enzyme activity, the form of soil nutrients, and the distribution of soil microbial colonies are all affected, which directly affects the availability of soil nutrients and the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, thus impacting the health of cherry trees.

[0032] Through experiments, we learned about the substance content of the combination of earthworm castings and biochar, as well as the soil fertility distribution characteristics under normal and abnormal conditions. To reduce the risk of disease in cherry trees, the following steps were adopted for fertilization: The specific method is as follows: Step S1: Apply the mixture of biochar and earthworm castings as fertilizer to the cherry trees, wherein the mass ratio of earthworm castings to biochar is 15:1.

[0033] Step S2: On the basis of normal surface irrigation, the reserved biochar is used as the filter medium for irrigation circulating water. The filtered irrigation circulating water is used to supplement the irrigation of cherry trees through underground seepage irrigation, with a vertical irrigation depth of not less than 30cm.

[0034] The advantages of this method are as follows: Irrigation canals are laid out in tree-irrigated areas. In non-irrigated areas, rainwater and surface seepage will accumulate in these canals, along with residual pesticides and heavy metals. The residual or reserved biochar from step S1 serves as a filter medium. After the liquid in the canal is filtered through the biochar, pesticides and heavy metals in the water are adsorbed. Simultaneously, the available potassium in the biochar is flushed into the water. The water treated with biochar now contains available potassium. This potassium-containing filtrate is then vertically infiltrated into the deep soil, addressing the lack of available potassium within the top 30cm of soil. Furthermore, since biochar has a pH of 9.11, the pH of the filtered solution may rise. This increased pH allows the filtrate to penetrate deeper into the soil, regulating the pH and replenishing the available potassium content in the deeper layers. If the pH remains unchanged after filtration and is slightly acidic or acidic, the pH of the filtrate needs to be adjusted.

[0035] Furthermore, it also includes step S3: During the irrigation process, the underground seepage irrigation is carried out in a horizontal sequence from deep to shallow.

[0036] Since the initial filtrate contains the highest amount of available potassium, as the filtration time increases, the amount of available potassium in the biochar decreases, and the amount of available potassium in the filtrate becomes lower and lower. As soil depth decreases, the content of available potassium increases, thus reducing the need for replenishing available potassium. Therefore, the order of underground seepage irrigation is to irrigate horizontally from deep to shallow. The content of available potassium in the filtered seepage irrigation is coupled with the demand for available potassium in the soil depth, so that the replenishment corresponds to the demand.

[0037] To achieve the above method, the fertilization irrigation system needs to have multiple vertically and equidistantly distributed, controllable drip irrigation holes on the surface of the drip irrigation pipe.

[0038] Each irrigation hole can be electrically or mechanically controlled, changing its position by switching between blocking and opening, thus achieving sequential irrigation of deep and shallow layers. Because the irrigation holes are distributed along the vertical irrigation pipe path, the liquid flowing out through them is distributed laterally.

[0039] Furthermore, an earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium includes a mixing module, a liquid collection and sedimentation module, a filtration module, and a seepage irrigation module. The mixing module has a crushing function, where biochar is crushed and mixed with earthworm castings. The remaining biochar includes biochar that adhered to the wall during the crushing process, residual biochar that remained on the ground during biochar stacking, pre-reserved biochar, or biochar whose composition does not meet the requirements.

[0040] The liquid collection and sedimentation module is used to collect liquids including, but not limited to, irrigation water, rainwater, groundwater, and river water. These liquids often lack sufficient purity; the liquid collection and sedimentation module acts as a sedimentation container, allowing the liquid to collect and settle to obtain the supernatant, thus preventing impurities from clogging the filter structure.

[0041] To simplify the structure, the drip irrigation module consists of a main pipeline laid on the ground surface and multiple drip irrigation pipes inserted vertically into the soil. Multiple drip irrigation holes are opened on the surface of the drip irrigation pipes, and the density of the drip irrigation holes gradually decreases from bottom to top.

[0042] Specific steps S3A: During the irrigation process, the order of underground seepage irrigation is to simultaneously irrigate horizontally from deep to shallow, and the seepage volume gradually increases from deep to shallow.

[0043] After being filtered by biochar filtrate, the waste liquid is simultaneously infiltrated. As the density of the infiltration holes gradually decreases from bottom to top, the infiltration flow rate at the bottom is greater than that at the top, thus achieving the coupling of irrigation and available potassium demand.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing and irrigating with vermicompost based on the enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium, characterized in that: include: Step S1: Apply the mixture of biochar and earthworm castings as fertilizer to the cherry trees, wherein the mass ratio of earthworm castings to biochar is 15:

1. Step S2: On the basis of normal surface irrigation, the reserved biochar is used as the filter medium for irrigation circulating water. The filtered irrigation circulating water is used to supplement the irrigation of cherry trees through underground seepage irrigation, with a vertical irrigation depth of not less than 30cm. Step S3: During the irrigation process, the underground seepage irrigation is carried out in a horizontal sequence from deep to shallow.

2. The earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation method based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes step S3A, which replaces step S3. Step S3A: During the irrigation process, the order of underground seepage irrigation is horizontal synchronous irrigation from deep to shallow and the seepage amount gradually increases from deep to shallow.

3. The earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation method based on the enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that: In step S2: Subsurface infiltration irrigation is initiated in the middle of the two surface irrigation time cycles.

4. An earthworm castings fertilization and irrigation system based on the enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium, characterized in that: Used to perform the method according to claims 1 to 3.

5. The vermicompost fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium as described in claim 4, characterized in that: It includes a mixing module, a liquid collection and sedimentation module, a filtration module, and an irrigation module, wherein the mixing module is used to perform the mixing of biochar and earthworm castings in step S1.

6. The vermicompost fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid collection and sedimentation module is used to collect one or more types of liquids, including but not limited to irrigation water, rainwater, groundwater, and river water.

7. The vermicompost fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The filter module is filled with the same biochar as in step S1 or the biochar remaining from step S1.

8. The vermicompost fertilization and irrigation system based on enhanced absorption of fast-acting potassium as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The drip irrigation module consists of a main pipeline laid on the ground surface and multiple drip irrigation pipes vertically inserted into the soil. Multiple drip irrigation holes are opened on the surface of the drip irrigation pipes, and the density of the drip irrigation holes gradually decreases from bottom to top.

9. The vermicompost fertilization and irrigation system based on fast-acting potassium enhanced absorption according to claim 4, characterized in that: The surface of the irrigation pipeline has multiple vertically equidistant, controllable opening and closing irrigation holes.

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