A method of fertilizing a wood pears

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting and fertilization, and provides a fertilization method for wood pears, which adopts a special compound fertilizer formula of microbial-drug fermented organic material + traditional Chinese medicine extract liquid foliar supplementary fertilizer, and combines wood pear fertilization in different key growth periods, adopts a fertilization mode of stage-by-stage quantitative, root application combined with foliar supplementary fertilization, conforms to the growth nutrient demand law of wood pears, effectively improves the tree nutrition status of wood pears, promotes the healthy growth of branches and leaves, significantly improves the yield per plant and yield per mu of wood pears, and optimizes the fruit quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree planting and fertilization technology, and in particular to a fertilization method for pear trees. Background Technology

[0002] Pyrus pyrifolia is a deciduous tree belonging to the genus Pyrus in the family Rosaceae. Its fruit is firm, flavorful, and resistant to storage and transportation, making it both edible and economically valuable. It is a distinctive economic fruit variety in some mountainous areas of my country. Pyrus pyrifolia has a long growth cycle, with high nutrient requirements throughout the entire growth process, from budding and flowering to fruit setting and expansion. The types and ratios of nutrients required also vary significantly at different growth stages.

[0003] Currently, the fertilization techniques for pear trees are relatively extensive, mostly following the fertilization methods used for ordinary pear trees, resulting in several technical defects: First, the fertilizer ratio is singular, mainly consisting of single nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, lacking organic matter, calcium, boron, zinc, and other micronutrients. Soil organic matter is declining year by year, and soil-borne diseases are prone to occur, leading to nutrient imbalance in the pear trees, easily causing problems such as yellowing leaves, insufficient flower bud differentiation, and severe flower and fruit drop. Second, the timing of fertilization is chaotic, failing to accurately fertilize according to the growth cycle of the pear tree. There are cases where excessive fertilization in the early stage leads to excessive vegetative growth, while insufficient nutrients in the later stage restrict fruit expansion. Third, the fertilization method is unreasonable, emphasizing topdressing and neglecting base fertilizer. The fertilizer only provides basic nutrients and has no antibacterial, stress-resistant, or soil-improving effects. The root system has low absorption and utilization rates, resulting in serious resource waste.

[0004] The aforementioned defects in existing technologies directly lead to low yields and unstable yields per acre in the cultivation of pear trees. At the same time, the fruit quality is poor, with problems such as small fruit size, low sugar content, sour and astringent taste, and rough peel. These issues severely restrict the large-scale and high-quality cultivation of pear trees. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a fertilization method that is suitable for the growth characteristics of pear trees and can effectively increase yield and improve quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fertilization method for pear trees, which solves the problems of unreasonable nutrient ratio, inaccurate fertilization timing, and low nutrient utilization rate in existing pear tree fertilization methods, thereby achieving the effect of significantly increasing pear tree yield and comprehensively improving fruit quality.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a fertilization method for pear trees, comprising the following steps: (1) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench at the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply fermented base fertilizer and then cover with soil; (2) In early March of the following year, dig 4-6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply bud fertilizer and cover with soil; (3) Apply fruit-expanding fertilizer at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / tree from early May to late June, and spray foliar fertilizer every 15-20 days for 2-3 consecutive times. (4) Apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer at a rate of 0.3-0.5 kg / tree from late July to late August.

[0007] Preferably, by weight, the fermented base fertilizer in step (1) includes 600-800 parts of fermented organic material, 15-20 parts of urea, 30-50 parts of superphosphate, 15-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, and 1.5-2 parts of borax.

[0008] Preferably, the fermented organic material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts edible fungus residue, 30-40 parts traditional Chinese medicine residue, 20-30 parts livestock and poultry manure, 15-20 parts crop straw, and 10-15 parts humus.

[0009] Preferably, the edible fungus residue is any one or more of the following: shiitake mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, or wood ear mushroom residue.

[0010] Preferably, the medicinal residue is any one or more of the following: Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, honeysuckle residue, and Isatis indigotica residue.

[0011] Preferably, the germination fertilizer in step (2) is a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (20-24):(16-20):10.

[0012] Preferably, the fruit-expanding fertilizer in step (3) is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (10-15):(13-18):18.

[0013] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in step (3) comprises, by weight, 15-20 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 8-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of sugar alcohol calcium, and 800-1000 parts of water.

[0014] Preferably, the herbal compound extract is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts honeysuckle, 0.5-1.5 parts astragalus, and 0.5-1.5 parts licorice.

[0015] Preferably, the fruit-enhancing fertilizer in step (4) is a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (8-12):(8-12):30.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of fermented base fertilizer applied is 8-12 kg / plant, and the amount of sprouting fertilizer applied is 0.8-1.2 kg / plant.

[0017] Preferably, the depth of the annular fertilization trench in step (1) is 30-40cm and the width is 25-30cm; the depth of the fertilization hole in step (2) is 20-25cm.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention features a scientifically formulated fertilizer with precise timing of application. It employs a phased and quantitative fertilization method, combining root application with foliar supplementation, which aligns with the nutrient requirements of pear trees. This effectively meets the nutrient needs of pear trees throughout their entire growth cycle, from bud break to fruit set and expansion. It significantly improves the nutritional status of pear trees, promotes vigorous growth of branches and leaves and flower bud differentiation, increases fruit set rate, ensures full fruit enlargement, and effectively reduces flower and fruit drop and small fruit occurrence. Consequently, it significantly increases the yield per tree and the yield per acre of pear trees, while also optimizing fruit quality.

[0019] 2. The technical solution of this invention adds fermented organic materials to the base fertilizer, which further effectively improves the soil aggregate structure, increases the soil organic matter content, and enhances the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. Simultaneously, the natural antibacterial components in the medicinal herbs can inhibit the reproduction of harmful soil bacteria and reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. The addition of medicinal herb extracts to the foliar fertilizer further enhances the tree's resistance to adverse conditions and reduces leaf pests and diseases. No additional chemical antibacterial agents are required throughout the process, making it green and safe. This invention, through precise fertilization, avoids nutrient excess or deficiency, promotes the development of the pear tree's root system and robust branches and leaves, and achieves stable and high-quality yields year after year.

[0020] 3. This invention employs a four-step fertilization process: applying base fertilizer after harvest, applying bud fertilizer in spring, applying topdressing in stages during fruit expansion, and foliar fertilization during the growing season. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios at each stage are dynamically adjusted according to the needs of the pear tree during its growth period. This process perfectly aligns with the pear tree's growth nutrient pattern of "storing fertilizer in autumn and winter, promoting growth in spring, expanding fruit in summer, and supplementing nutrients throughout the entire growth cycle." During the budding stage, nitrogen and phosphorus are the main fertilizers to promote new shoot growth; during the fruit expansion stage, potassium fertilizer is increased to promote fruit development; and during the coloring stage, potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer supplemented with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer to promote sugar accumulation and fruit coloring. This effectively solves the problem of excessive vegetative growth in the early stage and nutrient deficiency in the later stage caused by traditional "one-shot" fertilization. It combines long-term soil fertilization with fast-acting foliar fertilization, significantly improving fertilizer utilization.

[0021] 4. The fertilization process of this invention is simple and standardized, the fertilizer ratio is quantitatively controllable, it is suitable for planting pear trees of different ages, it is highly replicable, it is suitable for large-scale and standardized promotion and application in the field, the planting cost is low, the yield and quality improvement effect is significant, and the economic benefits are outstanding. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a fertilization method for pear trees, comprising the following steps: (1) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench at the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply fermented base fertilizer and then cover with soil; (2) In early March of the following year, dig 4-6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply bud fertilizer and cover with soil; (3) Apply fruit-expanding fertilizer at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / tree from early May to late June, and spray foliar fertilizer every 15-20 days for 2-3 consecutive times. (4) Apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer at a rate of 0.3-0.5 kg / tree from late July to late August.

[0023] In this invention, after the pear fruit is harvested from late October to early November, a circular fertilization trench is dug at the drip line of the pear tree canopy. Fermented base fertilizer is then evenly applied into the trench, covered with soil, and compacted. The depth of the circular fertilization trench is preferably 30-40 cm, more preferably 32-38 cm, and even more preferably 35 cm; the width of the circular fertilization trench is preferably 25-30 cm, more preferably 26-29 cm, and even more preferably 28 cm. The soil covering thickness is not less than 15 cm, and the soil is thoroughly watered once within 7 days after fertilization.

[0024] In this invention, the raw material components of the fermented base fertilizer include fermented organic materials, urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and borax.

[0025] In this invention, the base fertilizer uses fermented edible fungus residue, traditional Chinese medicine residue, and organic fertilizer as a composite base, combined with macro- and micro-elements. The fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue is rich in plant organic matter, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and other natural active ingredients, which can not only replace part of the organic fertilizer, effectively improve soil aggregate structure, enhance soil fertility, and provide long-term nutrients, but also inhibit the growth of harmful soil bacteria, reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases such as root rot of pear trees, and enhance root activity. Urea, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate are added to supplement basic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while zinc sulfate and borax are added to supplement micro-elements, completely solving the problems of soil nutrient deficiency and tree nutrient imbalance.

[0026] In this invention, the weight percentage of the fermented organic material is preferably 600-800 parts, more preferably 650-750 parts, and even more preferably 700 parts; the weight percentage of the urea is preferably 15-20 parts, more preferably 16-19 parts, and even more preferably 18 parts; the weight percentage of the superphosphate is preferably 30-50 parts, more preferably 35-45 parts, and even more preferably 40 parts; the weight percentage of the potassium sulfate is preferably 15-20 parts, more preferably 16-19 parts, and even more preferably 18 parts; the weight percentage of the zinc sulfate is preferably 2-3 parts, more preferably 2.2-2.8 parts, and even more preferably 2.5 parts; and the weight percentage of the borax is preferably 1.5-2 parts, more preferably 1.6-1.9 parts, and even more preferably 1.8 parts.

[0027] In this invention, the fermented organic material is made from the following raw materials: edible fungus residue, Chinese medicine residue, livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and humus.

[0028] In this invention, the weight percentage of the edible fungus residue is preferably 40-50 parts, more preferably 42-48 parts, and even more preferably 45 parts; the weight percentage of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is preferably 30-40 parts, more preferably 32-38 parts, and even more preferably 35 parts; the weight percentage of the livestock and poultry manure is preferably 20-30 parts, more preferably 22-28 parts, and even more preferably 25 parts; the weight percentage of the crop straw is preferably 15-20 parts, more preferably 16-19 parts, and even more preferably 18 parts; and the weight percentage of the humus is preferably 10-15 parts, more preferably 11-14 parts, and even more preferably 12 parts.

[0029] In this invention, the edible fungus residue is preferably any one or more of shiitake mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, or wood ear mushroom residue, and more preferably oyster mushroom residue.

[0030] In this invention, the medicinal residue is any one or more of the following: Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue. More preferably, it is a mixture of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue. When the medicinal residue is a mixture of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue, the preferred mass ratio of these components is (15-30):(10-20):(15-25):(10-20):(15-25), more preferably (18-28):(12-18):(18-23):(12-18):(18-24), and even more preferably 25:14:19:16:22.

[0031] In this invention, the livestock and poultry manure is preferably any one of sheep manure, cow manure, or pig manure.

[0032] In this invention, the preparation process of the fermented organic material includes the following steps: edible mushroom residue, traditional Chinese medicine residue, livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, and humus are mixed and inoculated with a compound fermentation bacteria. After thorough mixing, the mixture is left to stand and piled up. When the pile temperature reaches 55-65℃, the pile is turned over and left to stand for 12-15 days to obtain the final product. The compound fermentation agent in this invention is Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of (2-4):2, more preferably (2.5-3.5):2, and even more preferably 3:2. The effective viable count of the compound fermentation bacteria in this invention is preferably (0.8-1.2) × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g, further preferably (0.9-1.1)×10 9CFU / g, more preferably 1×10 9 CFU / g; the inoculation mass fraction of the compound fermentation bacteria is preferably 0.1-0.2%, more preferably 0.12-0.18%, and even more preferably 0.15%. The fermentation and composting process of the present invention can kill insect eggs, miscellaneous bacteria and residual pathogens, remove irritating components from medicinal residues and bacterial residues, and retain organic matter and plant active substances.

[0033] In this invention, the preparation of the fermented base fertilizer includes the following steps: mixing the fermented organic material with urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, and borax, then letting it stand and pile for 2-3 days for secondary maturation before use. The mixing time is preferably 15-20 minutes, more preferably 16-19 minutes, and even more preferably 18 minutes.

[0034] In this invention, the preferred application rate of the fermented base fertilizer is 8-12 kg / plant, more preferably 9-11 kg / plant, and even more preferably 10 kg / plant.

[0035] In this invention, 4-6 fertilizer holes are dug evenly along the drip line of the pear tree crown. The depth of the fertilizer holes is preferably 20-25cm, more preferably 21-24cm, and even more preferably 22cm.

[0036] In this invention, the sprouting fertilizer is preferably a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer. The preferred N:P₂O₅:K₂O mass ratio of the high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer is (20-24):(16-20):10, more preferably (21-23):(17-19):10, and even more preferably 22:18:10. The preferred application rate of the sprouting fertilizer is 0.8-1.2 kg / plant, more preferably 0.9-1.1 kg / plant, and even more preferably 1 kg / plant.

[0037] In this invention, the fruit-expanding fertilizer is preferably a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably (10-15):(13-18):18, further preferably (11-14):(14-17):18, and even more preferably 12:15:18.

[0038] In this invention, the fruit-expanding fertilizer is preferably applied twice: once from early to late May, and once from early to late June. The preferred application rate of the fruit-expanding fertilizer is 1-1.5 kg / tree, more preferably 0.8-1.2 kg / tree from early to late May, and 1-1.5 kg / tree from early to late June.

[0039] In this invention, the foliar fertilizer is preferably sprayed every 15-20 days, and the number of sprays is preferably 2-3 times. Preferably, in this invention, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed evenly on both sides of the leaves and the surface of the fruit on a sunny morning or evening. The amount of fertilizer sprayed at one time is enough to evenly wet the leaves and fruits of the entire plant, leaving fine water droplets but not dripping.

[0040] In this invention, the foliar fertilizer comprises a compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar alcohol calcium, and water. The foliar fertilizer of this invention is primarily composed of the compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, combined with chelated calcium. The natural active ingredients in the herbal extract can be rapidly absorbed by the leaves, quickly replenishing the tree's readily available nutrients, enhancing its resistance to stress, preventing high temperature and drought, inhibiting the growth of foliar pathogens, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, effectively preventing fruit cracking and deformities, significantly improving fruit gloss and sugar content, and optimizing fruit flavor.

[0041] In this invention, the traditional Chinese medicine compound extract is preferably 15-20 parts by weight, more preferably 16-19 parts, and even more preferably 18 parts by weight; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably 8-10 parts by weight, more preferably 8.5-9.5 parts, and even more preferably 9 parts by weight; the sugar alcohol calcium is preferably 2-3 parts by weight, more preferably 2.2-2.8 parts, and even more preferably 2.5 parts by weight; and the water is preferably 800-1000 parts by weight, more preferably 850-950 parts, and even more preferably 900 parts by weight.

[0042] In this invention, the compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine is made from the following raw materials: honeysuckle, astragalus and licorice.

[0043] In this invention, the honeysuckle is preferably 1-3 parts by weight, more preferably 1.5-2.5 parts, and even more preferably 2 parts by weight; the astragalus is preferably 0.5-1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8-1.2 parts, and even more preferably 1 part by weight; the licorice is preferably 0.5-1.5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.8-1.2 parts, and even more preferably 1 part by weight.

[0044] In this invention, the preparation of the compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine includes the following steps: honeysuckle, astragalus and licorice are mixed in proportion and then soaked in 8-12 times the mass of water. After boiling, the mixture is simmered over low heat, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to a solid content of 5%.

[0045] In this invention, the amount of water added is preferably 8-12 times the total mass of honeysuckle, astragalus, and licorice, more preferably 9-11 times, and even more preferably 10 times; the soaking time is preferably 25-35 minutes, more preferably 28-32 minutes, and even more preferably 30 minutes; the decocting time is preferably 40-60 minutes, more preferably 45-55 minutes, and even more preferably 50 minutes.

[0046] In this invention, the preparation process of the foliar fertilizer includes the following steps: adding a compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and calcium sugar alcohol sequentially to water, and stirring until completely dissolved. The stirring time is preferably 5-10 minutes, more preferably 6-9 minutes, and even more preferably 8 minutes.

[0047] In this invention, the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is preferably a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and the mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is preferably (8-12):(8-12):30, further preferably (9-11):(9-11):30, and even more preferably 10:10:30. The application rate of the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is preferably 0.3-0.5 kg / tree, further preferably 0.35-0.45 kg / tree, and even more preferably 0.4 kg / tree.

[0048] In this invention, pruning, pest and disease control, irrigation, and other management are carried out in accordance with conventional pear cultivation management.

[0049] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] The Bacillus subtilis strain used in this invention was purchased from Shandong Ruiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the preferred black mold strain is CGMCC3.112, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] A method for fertilizing pear trees, the steps are as follows: (1) Mix 700 parts of fermented organic material with 18 parts of urea, 40 parts of superphosphate, 18 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.8 parts of borax for 18 minutes and then let it stand for 3 days to obtain fermented base fertilizer. The preparation process of the fermented organic material is as follows: 45 parts of oyster mushroom residue, 35 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 25 parts of sheep manure, 18 parts of crop straw, and 12 parts of humus are mixed and inoculated with 0.15% by mass of compound fermentation bacteria. After stirring evenly, the mixture is left to stand and piled up. When the pile temperature rises to 60-65℃, the pile is turned over and left to stand for 13 days to obtain the final product. The traditional Chinese medicine residue consists of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue in a mass ratio of 25:14:19:16:22. The compound fermentation bacteria consists of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 3:2, with an effective viable count of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; (2) Add 18 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2.5 parts of sugar alcohol calcium to 900 parts of water in sequence, stir for 8 minutes until completely dissolved, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained. Preparation process of compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine: Mix 2 parts honeysuckle, 1 part astragalus and 1 part licorice in proportion, add 10 times the weight of water and soak for 30 minutes, then boil and simmer for 50 minutes, filter, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5% solid content, and the product is obtained. (3) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench 35cm deep and 28cm wide at the drip line of the crown of the pear tree, then apply fermented base fertilizer evenly into the trench at a rate of 10kg / tree, cover with soil and compact. (4) In early March of the following year, dig 6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the crown of the pear tree. The holes are 22cm deep. Then apply a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 22:18:10. The amount of fertilizer is 1kg / tree. Then cover with soil. (5) Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 1.5 kg / tree from early May to late May, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 0.8 kg / tree from early June to late June; at the same time, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 20 days / time, spray twice, choose a sunny morning or evening to spray evenly on the front and back of the leaves and the surface of the fruit. The amount of a single spray should be enough to evenly moisten the leaves and fruits of the whole plant, with fine water droplets hanging on them but not dripping. The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is 12:15:18. (6) From late July to late August, apply a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 10:10:30 at a dosage of 0.4 kg / plant.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for fertilizing pear trees, the steps are as follows: (1) Mix 600 parts of fermented organic material with 15 parts of urea, 50 parts of superphosphate, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.5 parts of borax for 20 minutes and then let it stand for 3 days to obtain fermented base fertilizer. The preparation process of the fermented organic material is as follows: 40 parts of oyster mushroom residue, 40 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 20 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of crop straw, and 10 parts of humus are mixed and inoculated with 0.1% by mass of compound fermentation bacteria. After stirring evenly, the mixture is left to stand and piled up. When the pile temperature rises to 55-60℃, the pile is turned over and left to stand for 15 days to obtain the final product. The traditional Chinese medicine residue consists of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue in a mass ratio of 30:10:15:20:25. The compound fermentation bacteria consists of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:2, with an effective viable count of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; (2) Add 15 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 3 parts of sugar alcohol calcium to 800 parts of water in sequence, stir for 10 minutes until completely dissolved, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained. Preparation process of compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine: Mix 3 parts honeysuckle, 0.5 parts astragalus and 1.5 parts licorice in proportion, add 12 times the weight of water and soak for 35 minutes, then boil and simmer for 40 minutes, filter, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5% solid content, and the extract is obtained. (3) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench 30cm deep and 25cm wide at the drip line of the crown of the pear tree, then apply fermented base fertilizer evenly into the trench at a rate of 8kg / tree, cover with soil and compact. (4) In early March of the following year, dig four fertilizer holes along the drip line of the pear tree canopy. The holes are 25cm deep. Then apply a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 24:16:10. The amount of fertilizer is 1.2kg / tree. Then cover with soil. (5) Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 1.2 kg / tree from early May to late May, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 1.2 kg / tree from early June to late June; at the same time, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 15 days / time, spray 3 times, choose a sunny morning or evening to spray evenly on the front and back of the leaves and the surface of the fruit. The amount of a single spray should be such that the leaves and fruits of the whole plant are evenly moistened and covered with fine water droplets but not dripping water. The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 15:13:18. (7) From late July to late August, apply a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 8:12:30 at a dosage of 0.5 kg / plant.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A method for fertilizing pear trees, the steps are as follows: (1) Mix 800 parts of fermented organic material with 20 parts of urea, 30 parts of superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate and 2 parts of borax for 15 minutes and then let it stand for 2 days to obtain fermented base fertilizer. The preparation process of the fermented organic material is as follows: 50 parts of oyster mushroom residue, 30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 30 parts of sheep manure, 15 parts of crop straw, and 15 parts of humus are mixed and inoculated with 0.2% by mass of compound fermentation bacteria. After stirring evenly, the mixture is left to stand and piled up. When the pile temperature rises to 60-65℃, the pile is turned over and left to stand for 12 days to obtain the final product. The traditional Chinese medicine residue consists of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue in a mass ratio of 15:20:25:10:15. The compound fermentation bacteria consists of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 4:2, with an effective viable count of 0.8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; (2) Add 20 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 8 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 parts of sugar alcohol calcium to 1000 parts of water in sequence, stir for 5 minutes until completely dissolved, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained. Preparation process of compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine: Mix 1 part honeysuckle, 1.5 parts astragalus and 0.5 parts licorice in proportion, add 8 times the weight of water and soak for 25 minutes, then boil and simmer for 60 minutes, filter, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5% solid content, and the product is obtained. (3) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench 40cm deep and 30cm wide at the drip line of the crown of the pear tree, then apply the fermented base fertilizer evenly into the trench at a rate of 12kg / tree, cover with soil and compact. (4) In early March of the following year, dig 6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the crown of the pear tree. The holes are 20cm deep. Then apply a high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 20:20:10. The amount of fertilizer is 0.8kg / tree. Then cover with soil. (5) Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 1 kg / tree from early May to late May, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 0.8 kg / tree from early June to late June; at the same time, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 20 days / time, spray twice, choose a sunny morning or evening to spray evenly on the front and back of the leaves and the surface of the fruit. The amount of a single spray should be such that the leaves and fruits of the whole plant are evenly moistened and covered with fine water droplets but not dripping water. The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is 10:18:18. (8) From late July to late August, apply a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 12:8:30 at a dosage of 0.3 kg / plant.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] A method for fertilizing pear trees, the steps are as follows: (1) Mix 700 parts of fermented organic material with 18 parts of urea, 40 parts of superphosphate, 18 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.8 parts of borax for 18 minutes and then let it stand for 3 days to obtain fermented base fertilizer. The preparation process of the fermented organic material is as follows: 45 parts of shiitake mushroom residue, 35 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 25 parts of pig manure, 18 parts of crop straw, and 12 parts of humus are mixed and inoculated with 0.15% by mass of compound fermentation bacteria. After stirring evenly, the mixture is left to stand and piled up. When the pile temperature rises to 60-65℃, the pile is turned over and left to stand for 13 days to obtain the final product. The traditional Chinese medicine residue consists of Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, Lonicera japonica residue, and Isatis indigotica residue in a mass ratio of 25:14:19:16:22. The compound fermentation bacteria consists of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 3:2, with an effective viable count of 1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g; (2) Add 18 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2.5 parts of sugar alcohol calcium to 900 parts of water in sequence, stir for 8 minutes until completely dissolved, and the foliar fertilizer is obtained. Preparation process of compound extract of traditional Chinese medicine: Mix 2 parts honeysuckle, 1 part astragalus and 1 part licorice in proportion, add 10 times the weight of water and soak for 30 minutes, then boil and simmer for 50 minutes, filter, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5% solid content, and the product is obtained. (3) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench 35cm deep and 28cm wide at the drip line of the crown of the pear tree, then apply fermented base fertilizer evenly into the trench at a rate of 10kg / tree, cover with soil and compact. (4) In early March of the following year, dig 6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the crown of the pear tree. The holes are 22cm deep. Then apply a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 22:18:10. The amount of fertilizer is 1kg / tree. Then cover with soil. (5) Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 1.5 kg / tree from early May to late May, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once at a rate of 0.8 kg / tree from early June to late June; at the same time, spray foliar fertilizer at a rate of 20 days / time, spray twice, choose a sunny morning or evening to spray evenly on the front and back of the leaves and the surface of the fruit. The amount of a single spray should be enough to evenly moisten the leaves and fruits of the whole plant, with fine water droplets hanging on them but not dripping. The mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer is 12:15:18. (9) From late July to late August, apply a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 10:10:30 at a dosage of 0.4 kg / plant.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Similar to Example 1, only the oyster mushroom residue and traditional Chinese medicine residue in the fermented organic material were removed.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] Similar to Example 1, only the "high nitrogen and high phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 22:18:10" and "high potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 10:10:30" are replaced with "nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of 12:15:18".

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] Similar to Example 1, only the herbal compound extract in the foliar fertilizer was removed.

[0065] Comparative Example 4

[0066] Similar to Example 1, except that foliar fertilizer was not applied.

[0067] Comparative Example 5

[0068] Similar to Example 1, except that no budding fertilizer and fruit-enhancing fertilizer are applied.

[0069] Experimental Example 1

[0070] From January 2023 to November 2025, we conducted an application experiment on different fertilization methods in the cultivation of pear trees in Taihe Village, Mingyin Town, Yulong County, Lijiang City for three consecutive years.

[0071] The tested tree species was 6-year-old *Pyracantha fortuneana*, with a plant spacing of 4m × 3m. The field trial adopted a randomized block design, with one row of *Pyracantha fortuneana* (10 trees) as one plot, and the plot area was 120m². 2 The experiment consisted of six treatments: Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5. Each treatment was repeated three times, for a total of 15 cells.

[0072] (a) Production of wood pear

[0073] After the pear trees matured and were harvested, the yield of pear trees in each treatment group was measured, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1. Pear yield in different treatment groups

[0075] As shown in Table 1, compared to the comparative group, the yield of pear in Example 1 of this invention was the highest. This indicates that the fertilization method described in this invention can effectively promote the yield of individual pears and the total yield.

[0076] (II) Quality of Wood Pear

[0077] After the pears matured and were harvested, the soluble solids content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, titratable acid, and fruit firmness of the pears in each treatment group were measured.

[0078] Soluble solids content was determined using an Abbe refractometer; soluble protein content was determined using the Coomassie brilliant blue method; soluble sugar content was determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method; titratable acid content was determined using the NaOH neutralization titration method; and fruit firmness was determined using a hand-held fruit firmness tester.

[0079] Table 2 Quality of Pear Trees in Different Treatment Groups

[0080] As can be seen from Table 1, the quality of the pear wood in Example 1 of the present invention is the best compared to the comparative example group.

[0081] (III) Profits from Wood Pear

[0082] The revenue of each treatment group of pear wood is calculated based on the average market price of 5 yuan per kilogram from 2023 to 2025.

[0083] Table 3. Profits of Pear Trees in Different Treatment Groups

[0084] As can be seen from Table 3, the yield of pear trees in Example 1 of this invention is relatively the best. This shows that the fertilization method described in this invention can effectively improve the yield and income of pear trees.

[0085] In summary, the technical solution of this invention solves the problems of unreasonable nutrient ratios, inaccurate fertilization timing, and low nutrient utilization rate in existing pear fertilization methods. By using scientifically formulated fertilizers and precise fertilization timing, and dynamically adjusting according to the needs of the pear's growth cycle, it fully conforms to the pear's growth nutrient pattern of "autumn and winter fertilizer storage, spring growth promotion, summer fruit expansion, and full-process nutrient supplementation." This effectively improves the nutritional status of the pear tree, promotes vigorous growth of branches and leaves and flower bud differentiation, increases fruit set rate, ensures full fruit expansion, effectively reduces flower and fruit drop and small fruit occurrence, and thus significantly increases the yield per tree and the yield per acre of pear, while also comprehensively improving fruit quality.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing pear trees, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) From late October to early November, dig a circular fertilizer trench at the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply fermented base fertilizer and then cover with soil; (2) In early March of the following year, dig 4-6 fertilizer holes along the drip line of the pear tree canopy, apply bud fertilizer and cover with soil; (3) Apply fruit-expanding fertilizer at a rate of 1-1.5 kg / tree from early May to late June, and spray foliar fertilizer every 15-20 days for 2-3 consecutive times. (4) Apply fruit-strengthening fertilizer at a rate of 0.3-0.5 kg / tree from late July to late August.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the fermented base fertilizer in step (1) includes 600-800 parts of fermented organic material, 15-20 parts of urea, 30-50 parts of superphosphate, 15-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 1.5-2 parts of borax. The fermented organic material is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts edible fungus residue, 30-40 parts traditional Chinese medicine residue, 20-30 parts livestock and poultry manure, 15-20 parts crop straw, and 10-15 parts humus.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The edible fungus residue is any one or more of the following: shiitake mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, or wood ear mushroom residue. The medicinal residue mentioned is any one or more of the following: Sophora flavescens residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, garlic residue, honeysuckle residue, and Isatis indigotica residue.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The germination fertilizer mentioned in step (2) is a high-nitrogen, high-phosphorus water-soluble compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (20-24):(16-20):

10.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fruit-expanding fertilizer mentioned in step (3) is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (10-15):(13-18):

18.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the foliar fertilizer in step (3) includes 15-20 parts of Chinese herbal compound extract, 8-10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of sugar alcohol calcium and 800-1000 parts of water. The herbal compound extract is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts honeysuckle, 0.5-1.5 parts astragalus and 0.5-1.5 parts licorice.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fruit-enhancing fertilizer mentioned in step (4) is a high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with a mass ratio of N:P2O5:K2O of (8-12):(8-12):

30.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of fermented base fertilizer applied is 8-12 kg / plant, and the amount of sprouting fertilizer applied is 0.8-1.2 kg / plant.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the annular fertilization trench in step (1) is 30-40cm and the width is 25-30cm; The depth of the fertilization hole in step (2) is 20-25cm.

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