Organic physical combination weeding method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of organic agricultural physics combined weeding method, aiming at the problem of existing weeding technology being not thorough, harming soil, poor adaptability.Weeding is not thorough, harming soil, poor adaptability.The problem of existing weeding technology is not thorough, harming soil, poor adaptability.Adopting pre-emergence mechanical combination global control grass, inter-row weeding after seedling, intelligent mechanical inter-row weeding, AI laser global weeding, electric shock global weeding, through the above five kinds of physical weeding way phased reasonable combination use comprehensive weed management, realize organic crop complete weeding, create good environment for organic crop growth.The application is suitable for global physical weeding in the whole cycle of organic agriculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural weeding technology, and in particular relates to an organic agricultural physical combination weeding method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, weeding in crop fields relies on chemical herbicides. The "carpet spraying" of herbicides not only easily leads to waste but also causes soil compaction, resulting in decreased soil quality and ultimately reduced crop yields. Green organic agriculture, in particular, requires avoiding the use of chemical herbicides and adopting physical weeding methods to effectively avoid safety issues such as excessive pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and weed resistance. Traditional manual weeding can only handle 0.2-0.5 acres per day, a low-efficiency operation. Furthermore, labor shortages and an aging population in rural areas make manual weeding difficult to manage. Existing small mechanical weeders, using rotating discs, often fail to completely eradicate weed roots, requiring manual re-weeding later. They also lack precise obstacle avoidance capabilities, easily colliding with and damaging surrounding crops during operation. Intelligent weeding machines, using hoes or rotating discs, can only weed between rows, resulting in incomplete weed removal, inability to weed between plants, and potential damage to seedlings. Laser weeding robots have begun to be used, but they suffer from high equipment costs, low operating efficiency, and unsuitability for high-density weed control. In recent years, flame weeding and electrostatic weeding technologies have emerged. Flame weeding is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly physical weeding technology. It uses high temperatures of around 2000℃ to instantly destroy weed cells, avoiding the use of chemical agents. Its core advantages are its green environmental protection and long-term effectiveness, but it also has disadvantages such as high operating costs, fire hazards, and policy restrictions. Electrostatic weeding is a physical control technology that uses high-frequency, high-voltage current to instantly destroy the cell structure of weeds, causing them to wither and die. Its core advantages are zero pesticide residue, no soil damage, and prevention of recurrence. Its main limitations are high energy consumption, reliance on identification accuracy, large initial investment, and poor adaptability to tall-stalk mixed cropping scenarios. Moreover, even if any single physical weeding method is used 2-3 times, its limitations prevent the full-area, full-life-cycle weed control between rows and plants of organic crops. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems by providing an organic agricultural physical weeding method that is thorough, adaptable, and protects the soil throughout the entire weeding process and its entire life cycle.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The organic agricultural physical combination weeding method of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps: The first step is pre-emergence mechanical weed control, which is carried out within two days after sowing and before seed germination, when weeds are in the germination stage. This involves mechanically breaking the soil in furrows and ridges to remove shallow roots and control weed germination. The furrow weed control component uses a rotary hoe or arc-shaped shovel configured to mimic the shape of the furrow, while the ridge weed control component uses a roller cutter. The furrow and ridge weed control components are combined to simultaneously remove shallow roots of weeds. The hoe teeth or shovel of the furrow weed control hoe penetrate the soil to a depth of 3cm to 5cm, while the ridge weed control hoe blade penetrates the soil to a depth of 2cm to 3cm. The second step, post-emergence flame weeding between rows, is carried out when the crop seedlings have grown two or more fully unfolded trifoliate leaves. At this time, the newly sprouted weeds after pre-emergence weed control are in the small weed stage of 2-4 leaves. A flame weeding machine is used, and a flame-retardant shield is set up for the weeding machine in the corresponding crop row to avoid damaging the seedlings. It uses liquefied gas or coal gas as fuel, and the weeding flame combustion temperature is 2000℃. The high temperature instantly destroys the weed cells, achieving precise weeding between crop rows. The third step is intelligent mechanical weeding between rows, which is carried out before the crop has 5-7 compound leaves to close the canopy or before flowering. At this time, weeds will sprout after weeding between rows with flames. Combined with agronomic measures, weeding between rows is carried out to remove weeds, loosen the soil, and retain moisture. A tractor-mounted automatic navigation intelligent weeding machine or a self-propelled intelligent weeding robot is used. The weeding part is a combination of a hoe and a rotating toothed disc, and the weeding and hilling part is a triangular arc-shaped shovel. Weeds are removed from the furrows and both sides of the crop seedling rows, and deep plowing and high hilling are carried out. The depth of weed removal is 3cm-5cm, and the depth of deep plowing is 10cm-12cm. The fourth step, AI laser weeding, is carried out before the crops close the canopy during the initial flowering stage. At this time, the field habitat is relatively stable, the weed community structure tends to be stable, and the types and quantities of weeds have been greatly reduced after the first three steps of weeding, resulting in a small number of companion weeds. A tractor-mounted or self-propelled laser weeding robot is used to weed with millimeter-level precision. The system can identify and distinguish between crops and weeds in 10 milliseconds through AI. Weeds hit by the laser wither and die within 24 hours. It can safely remove weeds 2 millimeters away from crops, with a removal rate of more than 95% and a seedling damage rate of less than 0.1%. A single laser head can remove about 10,000 weeds per hour. Step 5: Electric shock weeding of the entire area. This is carried out after the canopy has closed and the weeds are in the early stages. At this time, the previous four steps of weeding, especially the weeding between plants, were not thorough enough, and the optimal window for weeding was missed. As a result, the weeds accumulated in the middle stage and then grew wildly in the later stage. The weed plants are tall, have developed root systems, and some have become lignified. The weed plants are taller than the crop, making mechanical weeding difficult. The intelligent electric shock weeding machine is used. It can accurately control the position and height of the electric shock rod by automatically identifying the crop growth. It uses high-frequency high-voltage current to instantly reach the roots to destroy the meristematic tissue and destroy the cell structure of the weeds, causing the weeds to wither and die within 24 hours and making them less likely to recur. The weeding rate of a single operation can reach 95% to 99%.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric shock for removing large weeds over a wide area uses an AC or DC high-voltage pulse voltage of 15kV to 35kV, an instantaneous peak current of 0.5A to 1.3A, and a single electric shock duration of 0.1s to 0.8s.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the organic agricultural physical combination weeding method provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: 1. Thorough weed control throughout the entire crop lifecycle. This invention employs a combination of five physical weeding technologies in sequence: pre-emergence mechanical weed control, post-emergence flame weeding between rows, intelligent mechanical inter-row weeding, AI laser weed control, and electrostatic weeding for large weeds. Pre-emergence mechanical weed control replaces chemical pre-emergence weed control, followed by the sequential application of the next four physical weeding technologies. This ensures that each technology achieves optimal weed control at different stages of crop growth and weed co-occurrence, avoiding the drawbacks of relying on a single weeding method for two to three field applications. This achieves thorough physical weed control throughout the entire crop lifecycle in organic farming.

[0007] 2. High adaptability. Throughout the crop's entire life cycle, from pre-emergence to canopy closure, this invention employs five different physical weeding techniques based on the germination, quantity, and type of weeds at different stages. Pre-emergence mechanical combined weed control is suitable for the weed germination stage; post-emergence flame weeding between rows is suitable for the small weed stage; intelligent mechanical inter-row weeding is suitable for clearing weeds between rows before canopy closure, loosening the soil, and retaining moisture; AI laser weed control is suitable for precisely removing accompanying weeds before canopy closure; and electric shock weed control is suitable for precisely removing weeds that are taller than the crop after canopy closure. By combining these five physical weeding techniques closely with agronomic measures and applying them sequentially, adaptability is enhanced, resulting in optimal weed control.

[0008] 3. Soil Protection. This invention utilizes a combination of mechanical, flame, laser, and electric shock physical technologies for weed control, enabling organic crops to avoid the use of chemical herbicides throughout their entire growth cycle. This effectively avoids safety issues such as excessive pesticide residues in the soil, environmental pollution, and herbicide resistance in weeds caused by chemical weeding. The mechanical weeding process, while controlling weeds before emergence and during cultivation, also performs shallow tillage, loosening the topsoil and increasing soil aeration. The high temperature of flame weeding has a strong thermal destructive effect on weed seeds, pathogens, and insect eggs within 2-3 cm of the soil surface, killing soil-borne pests and diseases. Furthermore, the resulting ash can be incorporated into the soil as a potassium-rich natural fertilizer, further loosening and fertilizing the soil. Laser and electric shock weeding are non-contact operations that do not disturb the soil, avoiding damage to the microbial community and protecting the soil structure. Detailed Implementation

[0009] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments: According to organic farming techniques, the weed growth situation at different stages of crop growth is divided into five periods throughout the crop's entire life cycle. Each period is matched with a specific physical weeding method, resulting in a combination of five physical weeding methods for weed control and removal. This is done in the following five steps: The first step is pre-emergence mechanical weed control, which is carried out within two days after sowing and before seed germination, when weeds are in the germination stage. This involves mechanically breaking the soil in furrows and ridges to remove shallow roots and control weed germination. The furrow weed control component uses a rotary hoe or arc-shaped shovel configured to mimic the shape of the furrow, while the ridge weed control component uses a roller cutter. The furrow and ridge weed control components are combined to simultaneously remove shallow roots of weeds. The hoe teeth or shovel of the furrow weed control hoe penetrate the soil to a depth of 3cm to 5cm, while the ridge weed control hoe blade penetrates the soil to a depth of 2cm to 3cm. The second step, post-emergence flame weeding between rows, is carried out when the crop seedlings have grown two or more fully unfolded trifoliate leaves. At this time, the newly sprouted weeds after pre-emergence weed control are in the small weed stage of 2-4 leaves. A flame weeding machine is used, and a flame-retardant shield is set up for the weeding machine in the corresponding crop row to avoid damaging the seedlings. It uses liquefied gas or coal gas as fuel, and the weeding flame combustion temperature is 2000℃. The high temperature instantly destroys the weed cells, achieving precise weeding between crop rows. The third step is intelligent mechanical weeding between rows, which is carried out before the crop has 5-7 compound leaves to close the canopy or before flowering. At this time, weeds will sprout after weeding between rows with flames. Combined with agronomic measures, weeding between rows is carried out to remove weeds, loosen the soil, and retain moisture. A tractor-mounted automatic navigation intelligent weeding machine or a self-propelled intelligent weeding robot is used. The weeding part is a combination of a hoe and a rotating toothed disc, and the weeding and hilling part is a triangular arc-shaped shovel. Weeds are removed from the furrows and both sides of the crop seedling rows, and deep plowing and high hilling are carried out. The depth of weed removal is 3cm-5cm, and the depth of deep plowing is 10cm-12cm. The fourth step, AI laser weeding, is carried out before the crops close the canopy during the initial flowering stage. At this time, the field habitat is relatively stable, the weed community structure tends to be stable, and the types and quantities of weeds have been greatly reduced after the first three steps of weeding, resulting in a small number of companion weeds. A tractor-mounted or self-propelled laser weeding robot is used to weed with millimeter-level precision. The system can identify and distinguish between crops and weeds in 10 milliseconds through AI. Weeds hit by the laser wither and die within 24 hours. It can safely remove weeds 2 millimeters away from crops, with a removal rate of more than 95% and a seedling damage rate of less than 0.1%. A single laser head can remove about 10,000 weeds per hour. Step 5: Electric shock weeding of the entire area. This is carried out after the canopy has closed and the weeds are in the early stages. At this time, the previous four steps of weeding, especially the weeding between plants, were not thorough enough, and the optimal window for weeding was missed. As a result, the weeds accumulated in the middle stage and then grew wildly in the later stage. The weed plants are tall, have developed root systems, and some have become lignified. The weed plants are taller than the crop, making mechanical weeding difficult. The intelligent electric shock weeding machine is used. It can accurately control the position and height of the electric shock rod by automatically identifying the crop growth. It uses high-frequency high-voltage current to instantly reach the roots to destroy the meristematic tissue and destroy the cell structure of the weeds, causing the weeds to wither and die within 24 hours and making them less likely to recur. The weeding rate of a single operation can reach 95% to 99%.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electric shock for removing large weeds over a wide area uses an AC or DC high-voltage pulse voltage of 15kV to 35kV, an instantaneous peak current of 0.5A to 1.3A, and a single electric shock duration of 0.1s to 0.8s.

[0011] Below is a specific example of organic soybean cultivation: Step 1: Within 2 days after soybean sowing and before seed germination, when weeds are in the germination stage, implement pre-emergence mechanical weed control across the entire area, replacing the need for full-area chemical spraying for weed control. This involves mechanically breaking down soil in furrows and ridges to remove shallow roots and control weed germination. The furrow weed control component uses a rotary hoe or arc-shaped shovel configured to mimic the shape of the furrow, while the ridge weed control component uses a roller cutter. The furrow and ridge weed control components work together to simultaneously remove shallow weed roots. The furrow weed control hoe teeth or shovel penetrate the soil to a depth of 3cm to 5cm, while the ridge weed control hoe blade penetrates the soil to a depth of 2cm to 3cm. The second step is to wait until the soybean seedlings have grown two or more fully unfolded trifoliate leaves. At this time, the newly sprouted weeds after pre-emergence weed control are in the 2-4 leaf stage. During this period, there are grass weeds, such as crabgrass and foxtail, and broadleaf weeds, such as lambsquarters and amaranth. Timely post-emergence flame weeding between rows should be carried out. A flame weeding machine should be used, and a flame-retardant shield should be set up for the weeding machine in the soybean row to avoid damaging the seedlings. Liquefied gas or coal gas is used as fuel. The burning temperature of the weeding flame is 2000℃. The high temperature will instantly destroy the weed cells and achieve precise weeding between soybean rows. The third step is to remove weeds between soybean rows before the soybean plants have 5-7 compound leaves and close the canopy, or before flowering. At this time, weeds will continue to sprout after weeding between rows with flames. Combined with agronomic measures, weeding between soybean rows is carried out by intelligent mechanical cultivation. Weeds are removed between the rows, the soil is loosened and hilled up to retain moisture. A tractor-mounted automatic navigation intelligent cultivation and weeding machine or a self-propelled intelligent cultivation and weeding robot is used. The weeding part is a combination of a hoe and a rotating toothed disc, and the hilling part is a triangular arc-shaped shovel. Weeds are removed from the furrows and on both sides of the soybean seedling rows, and deep cultivation and high hilling are carried out. The depth of weed removal is 3cm-5cm, and the depth of deep cultivation is 10cm-12cm. The fourth step is before the soybeans close the canopy at the initial flowering stage. At this time, the field habitat is relatively stable, the weed community structure tends to be stable, and the types and quantities of weeds have been greatly reduced after the first three steps of weeding, forming a small number of companion weeds. The types of weeds include lamb's quarters, purslane, and foxtail grass. The weeds are sparsely distributed and the plants are not tall. There are no obstacles in the field to block the laser beam, which is suitable for AI laser weeding in the whole area. The tractor-mounted or self-propelled laser weeding robot can weed with millimeter-level precision. The system can identify and distinguish between crops and weeds in 10 milliseconds through AI. Weeds hit by the laser wither and die within 24 hours. It can safely remove weeds 2 millimeters away from crops, with a removal rate of more than 95% and a seedling damage rate of less than 0.1%. A single laser head can remove about 10,000 weeds per hour. Step 5: During the period of weed growth accompanying soybean canopy closure, the previous four steps of weeding, especially the inter-plant weeding, were incomplete, missing the optimal window for weed control. This led to the accumulation of weeds in the mid-term and their subsequent rampant growth in the later stages. The weed plants are tall, with well-developed root systems, some of which have become lignified. The weed plants are taller than the crop. Weed species include barnyard grass, lamb's quarters, wild perilla, and black star grass, making mechanical weeding difficult. Electroshock is suitable for comprehensive weed control. An intelligent electroshock weeding machine is used, which automatically identifies the height and growth of soybean plants and precisely controls the position and height of the electroshock rod. High-frequency, high-voltage current is used to instantly reach the roots and destroy the meristematic tissue, damaging the cell structure of the weeds, causing them to wither and die within 24 hours and making them less likely to recur. The weed control rate in a single operation can reach 95%–99%. The AC or DC high-voltage pulse voltage is 15kV–35kV, the instantaneous peak current is 0.5A–1.3A, and the single electroshock duration is 0.1s–0.8s.

[0012] By combining the above five physical weeding methods in stages, comprehensive weed management can achieve complete weed control for organic soybeans. This involves using mechanical methods for soil sealing before seeding, followed by one round of weeding and soil moisturizing through cultivation, combined with three physical weeding methods: flame, laser, and electric shock. This approach effectively controls weeds, strictly avoids the use of chemical herbicides, minimizes disturbance to soil structure, protects soil microorganisms, creates a favorable environment for organic soybean growth, and lays the foundation for high yields.

[0013] This invention is applicable to physical weed control throughout the entire organic farming process.

Claims

1. An organic agricultural physical combination weeding method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first step is pre-emergence mechanical weed control, which is carried out within two days after sowing and before seed germination, when weeds are in the germination stage. This involves mechanically breaking the soil in furrows and ridges to remove shallow roots and control weed germination. The furrow weed control component uses a rotary hoe or arc-shaped shovel configured to mimic the shape of the furrow, while the ridge weed control component uses a roller cutter. The furrow and ridge weed control components are combined to simultaneously remove shallow roots of weeds. The hoe teeth or shovel of the furrow weed control hoe penetrate the soil to a depth of 3cm to 5cm, while the ridge weed control hoe blade penetrates the soil to a depth of 2cm to 3cm. The second step, post-emergence flame weeding between rows, is carried out when the crop seedlings have grown two or more fully unfolded trifoliate leaves. At this time, the newly sprouted weeds after pre-emergence weed control are in the small weed stage of 2-4 leaves. A flame weeding machine is used, and a flame-retardant shield is set up for the weeding machine in the corresponding crop row to avoid damaging the seedlings. It uses liquefied gas or coal gas as fuel, and the weeding flame combustion temperature is 2000℃. The high temperature instantly destroys the weed cells, achieving precise weeding between crop rows. The third step is intelligent mechanical weeding between rows, which is carried out before the crop has 5-7 compound leaves to close the canopy or before flowering. At this time, weeds will sprout after weeding between rows with flames. Combined with agronomic measures, weeding between rows is carried out to remove weeds, loosen the soil, and retain moisture. A tractor-mounted automatic navigation intelligent weeding machine or a self-propelled intelligent weeding robot is used. The weeding part is a combination of a hoe and a rotating toothed disc, and the weeding and hilling part is a triangular arc-shaped shovel. Weeds are removed from the furrows and both sides of the crop seedling rows, and deep plowing and high hilling are carried out. The depth of weed removal is 3cm-5cm, and the depth of deep plowing is 10cm-12cm. The fourth step, AI laser weeding, is carried out before the crops close the canopy during the initial flowering stage. At this time, the field habitat is relatively stable, the weed community structure tends to be stable, and the types and quantities of weeds have been greatly reduced after the first three steps of weeding, resulting in a small number of companion weeds. A tractor-mounted or self-propelled laser weeding robot is used to weed with millimeter-level precision. The system can identify and distinguish between crops and weeds in 10 milliseconds through AI. Weeds hit by the laser wither and die within 24 hours. It can safely remove weeds 2 millimeters away from crops, with a removal rate of more than 95% and a seedling damage rate of less than 0.1%. A single laser head can remove about 10,000 weeds per hour. Step 5: Electric shock weeding of the entire area. This is carried out after the canopy has closed and the weeds are in the early stages. At this time, the previous four steps of weeding, especially the weeding between plants, were not thorough enough, and the optimal window for weeding was missed. As a result, the weeds accumulated in the middle stage and then grew wildly in the later stage. The weed plants are tall, have developed root systems, and some have become lignified. The weed plants are taller than the crop, making mechanical weeding difficult. The intelligent electric shock weeding machine is used. It can accurately control the position and height of the electric shock rod by automatically identifying the crop growth. It uses high-frequency high-voltage current to instantly reach the roots to destroy the meristematic tissue and destroy the cell structure of the weeds, causing the weeds to wither and die within 24 hours and making them less likely to recur. The weeding rate of a single operation can reach 95% to 99%.

2. The organic agricultural physical combination weeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric shock for weed control uses an AC or DC high-voltage pulse voltage of 15kV to 35kV, an instantaneous peak current of 0.5A to 1.3A, and a single electric shock duration of 0.1s to 0.8s.