A grain and oil feed solid material multi-physical field ordered synergistic low-temperature detoxification and preservation method and a gravity dropping continuous treatment system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of grain oil feed solid material multi-physical field ordered cooperation low-temperature detoxification and preservation method and gravity material-falling continuous processing system, belong to solid material low-temperature physical processing technical field.The method includes pre-treatment to grain oil feed solid material, and it is sent into gravity material-falling continuous processing system, in the process that material free falling forms thin material curtain, at least two kinds of physical field in preset timing are sequentially or synchronously superimposed DBD low-temperature plasma, high-voltage electrostatic field, shock wave and steady magnetic field are handled cooperatively, whole course temperature does not exceed 70 DEG C, realize sterilization, insecticide, fungal toxin degradation and nutrient active reservation.The application also provides a kind of gravity material-falling continuous processing system without mesh, without grid structure, material passes through processing cavity by gravity, avoid the problem of plugging and material accumulation.The method is realized by multi-physical field cooperation, has the advantages such as green, no residue, strong continuous processing capacity and applicable to bulk solid material storage pre-treatment etc..

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural product processing and low-temperature physical treatment technology for solid materials. Specifically, it relates to a multi-physical field ordered synergistic low-temperature detoxification and preservation method suitable for solid organic bulk materials such as grains, oils, and feed, and a gravity-feed continuous physical field treatment system for implementing this method. This technology can be applied to industrial processing scenarios such as sterilization, insecticidal treatment, mycotoxin degradation, and storage preservation of grains, oilseeds, feed, and their processing by-products. Background Technology

[0002] In the grain and oil processing and feed handling sectors, the sterilization, pest control, detoxification, and quality maintenance of solid organic materials are key technical issues in storage and distribution. Existing industrial processing methods mainly include traditional technologies such as high-temperature heat treatment, chemical fumigation, and irradiation sterilization. While high-temperature steam or hot air treatment can effectively kill microorganisms and pests, it can easily lead to irreversible loss of heat-sensitive nutrients such as vitamins, enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acids, thereby reducing the nutritional value and usability of the materials. Chemical fumigation and antifungal treatment, although possessing certain antibacterial and insecticidal effects, pose a risk of chemical residues, potentially adversely affecting food safety and the operating environment. Irradiation sterilization technology has strong killing capabilities, but its high equipment investment and operating costs limit its large-scale application in the grain, oil, and feed sectors.

[0003] In recent years, various physical field technologies, such as low-temperature plasma, high-voltage electrostatic fields, shock waves, and steady-state magnetic fields, have been gradually applied to the processing of agricultural products and feed as new technological means to replace or supplement traditional processing methods. Low-temperature plasma technology can achieve broad-spectrum sterilization and degradation of some organic pollutants through the action of active particles, but its effective range is relatively limited, and its penetration ability to thick or high-density solid materials is insufficient. High-voltage electrostatic fields have a certain effect on inhibiting microbial growth and preventing mold and preserving freshness, but their ability to degrade insect eggs and fungal toxins in deep structures is limited. Shock wave technology can loosen the material structure through transient energy action, but the equipment is complex and energy consumption is high, making it more suitable for high-value-added or small-scale processing scenarios. Steady-state magnetic fields have a certain auxiliary role in delaying oxidative deterioration, but their function is relatively limited when used alone.

[0004] In existing technologies, the aforementioned physical fields are typically applied independently or in simple combinations of processes, lacking a synergistic design of the interaction mechanisms between different physical fields. This fails to fully leverage the complementary advantages of each physical field in sterilization, cell wall disruption, detoxification, and preservation. Furthermore, for the common problem of mycotoxin contamination in solid grain and oil feeds, such as highly toxic substances like aflatoxin, existing technologies still lack sufficient efficiency in degradation under low-temperature conditions. In particular, achieving simultaneous detoxification while ensuring the preservation of nutrients remains a significant technical bottleneck.

[0005] Furthermore, in continuous industrial production scenarios, existing solid material handling equipment mostly adopts mesh belt or grid conveyor structures. While these facilitate material loading and transport, they are prone to material embedding, blockage, and localized accumulation when handling powdery, granular, and fibrous mixtures. This leads to the risk of mold growth and increases equipment cleaning and maintenance costs, making it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale, long-cycle continuous production in the grain, oil, and feed industries. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that can achieve the orderly synergy of multiple physical fields, balance low-temperature preservation and efficient detoxification, and is suitable for continuous gravity-feed material handling. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the problems existing in the processing of solid grain and oil feed materials, such as the easy destruction of heat-sensitive nutrients, the risk of residue from chemical treatment, the limited effectiveness of single physical field treatment, and the susceptibility to material blockage and unstable operation of continuous processing equipment. Furthermore, addressing the issue of insufficient degradation efficiency of mycotoxins, especially highly toxic substances like aflatoxin, under low-temperature conditions, this invention provides a multi-physical field synergistic treatment method and continuous processing system that integrates efficient detoxification, sterilization, cell wall disruption, and preservation under low-temperature conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In one possible implementation, a multi-physical field ordered synergistic low-temperature detoxification and preservation method for solid grain and oil feed materials is provided. This method is used to sterilize, kill insects, degrade fungal toxins, and retain active nutrients in solid grain and oil feed materials, and includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the materials to make them suitable for continuous processing; S2. The material is fed into the gravity-feed continuous processing system. During the process of the material falling under gravity to form a thin curtain of material, it is subjected to orderly and coordinated processing of at least two physical fields, namely DBD low-temperature plasma, high-voltage electrostatic field, shock wave, and steady-state magnetic field, in a preset sequence or simultaneously. S3. Collect and process the materials for subsequent warehousing or direct use.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the ordered synergistic processing includes: the material is first subjected to surface sterilization and detoxification treatment by DBD low-temperature plasma, and then enters a high-voltage electrostatic field and steady-state magnetic field environment for long-term antibacterial preservation; and / or when processing high-fiber materials, shock wave treatment is added after plasma treatment to loosen the internal fiber cross-linking structure of the material.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the maximum processing temperature throughout the process does not exceed 70°C, preferably not exceeding 60°C.

[0010] In one possible implementation, DBD low-temperature plasma is used to achieve broad-spectrum sterilization and mycotoxin degradation, high-voltage electrostatic field is used to inhibit microbial growth and prevent mold and preserve freshness, steady-state magnetic field is used to delay the oxidation and deterioration of materials, and shock wave is used for deep cell wall breaking and structural loosening of materials.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a gravity-feed DBD plasma continuous processing system for implementing the above method is provided, comprising a vertically arranged sealed cavity, wherein the sealed cavity comprises, from top to bottom, a feeding and equalization section, a plasma processing main cavity, and a settling and discharging section.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the feeding and leveling section is provided with a material dispersing component and at least one material leveling guide component, for dispersing the bulk material into a uniform and continuous thin curtain of material and vertically entering the processing area.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a planar DBD discharge electrode is disposed on at least one side of the main cavity wall of the plasma processing cavity, and the electrode surface is covered with an insulating dielectric layer to form a uniform planar plasma processing field.

[0014] In one possible implementation, all walls in contact with the material within the cavity are smooth and continuous structures, without mesh, grid, or grille structures, to avoid material embedding, blockage, and mold growth.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the settling discharge section is an expanded cavity used to reduce the falling speed of the material and to achieve airflow separation of dust and material. The cavity maintains a slightly positive pressure environment to isolate external pollution.

[0016] In one possible implementation, an AI adaptive control module is also included, which is used to automatically match the multi-physics field combination mode and operating parameters according to the material type, moisture content and processing target, and realize closed-loop temperature control throughout the process.

[0017] In one possible implementation, a low-energy ion beam-assisted treatment step is further included, wherein the implantation energy of the low-energy ion beam is 10–30 keV and the dose is 1 × 10¹²–5 × 10¹². 5ions / cm², used to kill insect eggs inside materials and degrade deep fungal toxins.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the method is applicable to the continuous sterilization, detoxification, and storage preservation of one or more solid bulk organic materials, including grains, oilseeds, feed, oilseed cakes, straw, and spices.

[0019] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention provides a multi-physical field ordered synergistic low-temperature detoxification and preservation method for solid grain and oil feed materials and a gravity-feed DBD plasma continuous processing system. This system pre-treats solid grain and oil feed materials and forms a continuous thin curtain of material during gravity feeding. The material is then subjected to ordered synergistic treatment from at least two of the following physical fields—DBD low-temperature plasma, high-voltage electrostatic field, shock wave, and steady-state magnetic field—in a preset sequence or simultaneously. This achieves sterilization, insecticidal effects, mycotoxin degradation, and retention of active nutrients. Simultaneously, through the coordination of a sealed cavity, a feeding and equalization section, a plasma treatment main cavity, a settling and discharging section, and an AI adaptive control module, continuous, low-temperature, clean, and parameter-adaptive processing is achieved. This solves the problem that traditional solid grain and oil feed material processing methods struggle to simultaneously achieve sterilization and detoxification, insecticidal and mold-preventing effects, retention of nutritional activity, continuous processing, and storage preservation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. Through the orderly synergistic effect of multiple physical fields, integrated treatment of sterilization, insecticidal action, cell wall disruption, and fungal toxin degradation is achieved, significantly improving overall treatment efficiency; 2. The entire process uses low-temperature treatment, with the maximum temperature not exceeding 70℃, effectively preserving heat-sensitive nutrients and bioactive substances in grains and oils; 3. No chemical reagents are required, avoiding chemical residues and secondary pollution, resulting in higher safety; 4. Enhance the degradation capacity of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, in solid materials through a physical field synergistic enhancement mechanism; 5. It adopts a gravity-feed continuous processing structure, avoiding the problems of material embedding, blockage, and mold growth caused by material accumulation in traditional mesh belt equipment, and is suitable for large-scale continuous production; 6. The system has a simple structure and stable operation, enabling continuous industrial processing 24 hours a day, and is suitable for the large-tonnage processing needs of the grain, oil and feed industry. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the claims and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Multi-physical field synergistic detoxification and preservation treatment of solid grain, oil and feed materials This embodiment uses typical solid bulk materials such as corn, wheat, rice, and peanut meal as the treatment objects to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in continuous detoxification, sterilization, and preservation treatment before storage.

[0023] In actual operation, the grain and oil feed materials to be processed are first transported to the pretreatment section to complete basic condition adjustments before entering the main processing system. In this stage, the materials undergo crushing, screening, and moisture conditioning sequentially. The crushing process eliminates uneven flowability caused by agglomeration or particle size differences. The screening process removes excessively large particles and fine dust to ensure uniform particle size distribution. The moisture conditioning process adjusts the material's moisture content to a stable range suitable for the physical field, thereby preventing localized agglomeration or uneven discharge during subsequent processing. The pretreated material then enters the feed end of the continuous processing system.

[0024] After entering the system, the material falls naturally from top to bottom under the influence of gravity and is gradually dispersed into a continuous thin curtain of relatively uniform thickness by the feeding and homogenizing structure, thus forming a stable free-falling flow structure in space. This thin curtain then enters the plasma processing area vertically, where the flat-plate DBD low-temperature plasma electrode is activated, forming a uniformly distributed planar plasma field inside the cavity.

[0025] At the instant the material passes through the plasma field, the active particles continuously act on the surface and near-surface structure of the material, causing damage to the microbial cell membrane structure and achieving rapid inactivation. At the same time, they oxidize and break down the fungal toxin molecules attached to the material surface, thereby achieving a primary detoxification effect. To a certain extent, they also form a weak etching effect on the material surface, increasing the penetration channels of the subsequent physical field.

[0026] As the material continues to fall, it enters the region where the high-voltage electrostatic field and the steady-state magnetic field interact. Within this region, the high-voltage electrostatic field interferes with the residual microbial system, causing cell membrane potential imbalance and inhibiting their regeneration ability. Meanwhile, the steady-state magnetic field reduces the oxidation rate of the material system by influencing free radical reaction pathways and electron migration processes, thereby slowing down oil oxidation and nutrient deterioration. The synergistic effect of these two forces allows the material to achieve sustained antibacterial and preservation effects under relatively low energy input conditions.

[0027] For oilseed cakes or other oilseed cakes with a high fiber content or dense structure, a shock wave treatment unit can be selectively introduced during the above-mentioned processing. This subjectes the material to transient impact loads during its descent, generating localized microjets and shear stress, thereby loosening the internal fiber bundle structure and forming microporous channels. This structural change further enhances the diffusion capacity of plasma active particles into the material, strengthening the effects of deep sterilization and mycotoxin degradation, while also providing a more favorable structural basis for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation processes.

[0028] Throughout the entire process, the output intensity of each physical field is controlled collaboratively by the system energy regulation module, ensuring that the material is always kept in a low-temperature treatment state. The maximum temperature throughout the process does not exceed 70℃, and is preferably controlled below 60℃. This avoids the damage to heat-sensitive components such as vitamins, enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acids caused by traditional heat treatment methods, and achieves a balance between the preservation of nutritional activity and detoxification and sterilization.

[0029] After undergoing multi-physics synergistic processing, the material enters the settling discharge zone. In this zone, due to the expansion of the cavity and the reduction of flow velocity, the dust and light impurities carried by the airflow gradually separate and settle, while the finished material is stably discharged from the system under gravity. The processed material can be directly sent to the storage system or subsequent feed processing. During long-term storage, it exhibits a low rate of mold and pest infestation, while also demonstrating good nutritional stability.

[0030] Through the above continuous processing flow, this embodiment achieves integrated treatment of sterilization, insecticidal, fungal toxin degradation and nutrient preservation of solid grain, oil and feed materials without the introduction of chemical additives, and significantly improves the stability and adaptability of continuous industrial processing of bulk materials.

[0031] Example 2: Deep processing of high-fiber materials enhanced by shock wave synergy This embodiment uses corn stalks, rice straw, and high-fiber cake-like solid materials as the treatment objects to illustrate the deep treatment effect of shock waves on high-fiber structural materials in a multi-physics field synergistic system.

[0032] In actual processing, the high-fiber material to be processed is first pretreated to meet the requirements of continuous material feeding. This pretreatment process includes crushing and moisture conditioning. Crushing is used to reduce the initial entanglement of the material's fiber bundles, giving it basic fluidity and dispersibility. Moisture conditioning is used to adjust the moisture content of the material, giving it stable energy response characteristics under the subsequent action of plasma and shock waves.

[0033] The pre-treated material enters a gravity-feed continuous processing system, where it is uniformly dispersed in the feeding and equalization section to form a continuous thin curtain structure. Under gravity, it falls steadily into the plasma treatment zone. Within this zone, the material is first subjected to DBD low-temperature plasma. The active particles generated by the plasma rapidly sterilize the material surface and lightly etch the fiber surface structure, gradually loosening its dense structure and creating micropores and defects that provide penetration channels for subsequent deep-energy treatment.

[0034] As the material continues to fall, the system activates the shock wave processing unit, causing a transient shock wave to act on the thin curtain of material in a very short time. During propagation, the shock wave generates a high-gradient instantaneous pressure field, which exerts mechanical shearing and micro-jet effects on the internal fiber structure of the material. This causes localized breakage and rearrangement of the originally tightly cross-linked lignin-cellulose-hemicellulose structure, thereby significantly reducing the overall density of the material structure.

[0035] Under the synergistic effect of shock waves and plasma, the surface microporous channels formed in the plasma stage are further expanded, allowing active particles to penetrate deeper into the material, thereby enhancing the depth of action on internal microorganisms and potential pollutants, and enabling the sterilization and detoxification process to extend step by step from the surface to the interior.

[0036] Subsequently, the material enters the region where a high-voltage electrostatic field and a steady-state magnetic field superimpose. The high-voltage electrostatic field exerts charge disturbance on the residual microbial system, inhibiting its metabolic and regeneration capabilities. Meanwhile, the steady-state magnetic field reduces the oxidation rate by influencing the free radical reaction process within the system, thereby delaying the overall quality deterioration of the material during processing and storage. The synergistic effect of multiple physical fields enables high-fiber materials to achieve a balance between structural loosening and enhanced stability under relatively low energy input conditions.

[0037] Throughout the process, the system energy regulation module dynamically matches and controls the intensity of the shock wave and the plasma output power, so that the shock wave can effectively destroy the fiber structure while avoiding excessive pulverization or thermal damage to the material, thereby ensuring the structural integrity and processing adaptability of the material in subsequent applications.

[0038] Finally, the treated high-fiber material enters the sedimentation discharge section, where it is steadily output after expansion, deceleration, and gas-solid separation. The treatment results show that this type of material exhibits higher reaction efficiency and shorter treatment cycles in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, or feed utilization. Its structural loosening and biotransformation adaptability are significantly better than the control scheme without shock wave synergistic treatment.

[0039] The shock wave synergistic enhancement processing method in this embodiment realizes continuous processing of high-fiber solid materials from surface sterilization to internal structural reconstruction, providing an effective technical path for the efficient utilization of complex fiber grain and oil feed raw materials.

[0040] Example 3: Synergistic Degradation Treatment of Mycotoxins in Grain and Oilseed Meals This embodiment uses peanut meal, rapeseed meal, and cottonseed meal, which are easily contaminated by fungi, as the treatment objects to illustrate the specific implementation method of the present invention for the synergistic degradation of mycotoxins in solid meal materials.

[0041] In the actual processing, the cake material to be processed is first pre-crushed to transform it from a lumpy or agglomerated state into a loose material with uniform particle size, thereby improving the uniformity and contact efficiency of the subsequent physical field action. The crushed material enters the gravity-feed continuous processing system, where it is uniformly dispersed into a thin curtain under the action of the feeding uniform structure, and stably enters the plasma treatment area under the action of gravity.

[0042] During the plasma treatment stage, the DBD low-temperature plasma system is activated, continuously exposing the material to a high-density active particle environment during its descent. The active particles first act on the fungal cell structure of the cake surface and attached areas, achieving rapid microbial inactivation. Simultaneously, they oxidize and attack the unsaturated bonds and key functional groups in mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1, thus achieving initial degradation. Since the plasma effect is mainly concentrated on the surface region, its effect on deeper toxins is somewhat limited. Therefore, the surface etching and microporous structure formed in this stage provide a pathway for subsequent deeper treatments.

[0043] Building upon this, the material continues to fall and enters the shock wave synergistic zone. The transient shock wave applies a high-gradient pressure field within a very short time, causing the original dense fibrous structure inside the cake to loosen and break down, forming a permeable microporous and fissure structure. This structural change significantly enhances the ability of plasma active particles to diffuse and penetrate into the material, allowing the active effects, originally limited to the surface, to extend deeper into the material, thereby enhancing the effect against internally embedded mycotoxins.

[0044] Under the synergistic effect of shock waves and plasma, the degradation pathway of mycotoxins gradually extends from the surface to the interior, forming a continuous mechanism of "surface etching—structural loosening—deep penetration—continuous degradation". Simultaneously, the system can selectively introduce high-voltage electrostatic fields and steady-state magnetic fields according to the material state. The high-voltage electrostatic field generates charge disturbances on the residual microbial system, further inhibiting its regeneration ability, while the steady-state magnetic field reduces the oxidation reaction rate of the material system by influencing the free radical reaction kinetics, thereby reducing the loss of nutrients during the treatment process.

[0045] Throughout the entire process, by coordinating the output parameters of various physical fields, the material is kept in a low-temperature treatment state at all times, with the maximum temperature controlled below 70°C. This avoids thermal degradation or oxidative deterioration of nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, and lipids, achieving simultaneous detoxification and preservation.

[0046] Finally, the processed oilseed cake enters the settling and discharge section, where dust and light impurities are separated under the action of expansion and deceleration. The resulting finished oilseed cake can be used directly as a safe feed ingredient. Compared with traditional chemical detoxification or high-temperature treatment methods, this embodiment achieves efficient degradation of mycotoxins and effective retention of nutrients without introducing any chemical additives, while significantly improving the resource utilization value of oilseed cake by-products.

[0047] Example 4: Continuous sterilization and preservation treatment before grain storage This embodiment uses typical grain crops such as rice, wheat, and corn as the treatment objects to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in continuous sterilization and preservation treatment before grain storage.

[0048] In actual processing, the grain to be processed is first subjected to appropriate moisture conditioning to bring its moisture content within a range suitable for continuous physical field action and long-term storage stability, in order to avoid excessive dust or material adhesion during the subsequent gravity discharge process. The conditioned grain is then conveyed into the feed end of the gravity discharge continuous processing device.

[0049] After entering the system, the grains are uniformly dispersed by the feeding and equalization structure, and form a continuous and stable thin curtain structure under gravity, entering the plasma treatment area vertically from top to bottom. Within this area, the DBD low-temperature plasma system is activated, forming a uniformly distributed planar plasma field within the treatment chamber, allowing the grain particles to be fully exposed to the active particle environment during their short free fall.

[0050] During plasma treatment, mold, bacteria, and insect eggs attached to the surface and shallow layers of the grain are rapidly inactivated. Simultaneously, the plasma's active particles oxidize and decompose residual fungal toxins on the grain surface, causing their toxic structures to break down or become inactive, thus achieving rapid sterilization and primary detoxification. Because this process uses a non-thermal mechanism, it effectively inactivates microorganisms without significantly damaging the grain's endosperm and nutritional structure.

[0051] As the grains continue to fall, they enter the region affected by a high-voltage electrostatic field. Within this region, the high electric field intensity exerts a charge interference effect on the remaining microbial system, reducing the stability of their cell membrane structure and inhibiting their subsequent reproduction. Simultaneously, in some embodiments, a steady-state magnetic field can be superimposed to further reduce the rate of free radical reactions within the grain system, thereby delaying lipid oxidation and quality deterioration, achieving a pre-storage preservation enhancement effect.

[0052] For some high-risk stored materials or high-moisture grains, shock wave-assisted treatment can be introduced as needed to enhance the permeability of the grain surface microstructure and improve the uniformity and depth of plasma action. However, this step is not necessary in conventional grain processing scenarios.

[0053] Throughout the entire processing, the plasma discharge power and electric field intensity are coordinated and adjusted by the system energy control module to keep the grain in a low-temperature processing state at all times. The maximum temperature is controlled below 40℃ throughout the process, thereby minimizing the aging of the grain starch structure and the occurrence of lipid oxidation reactions, and ensuring the original edible quality and storage stability of the grain.

[0054] After processing, the grain enters the settling discharge section, where the airflow is slowed down and dust is separated by the expansion chamber, allowing light impurities and debris to settle naturally and be stably discharged from the bottom outlet. The processed grain can be directly stored in a sealed storage system, exhibiting a low rate of mold and pest infestation during long-term storage, while its nutritional components and flavor remain relatively stable.

[0055] The continuous processing method described in this embodiment enables efficient sterilization, insect prevention, and preservation of grains without the use of chemical fumigants and high-temperature treatment, significantly improving grain storage safety and industrial continuous processing capabilities.

[0056] Example 5: Operation mode description of gravity-feed continuous processing system This embodiment is used to illustrate the working mode and material handling path of the gravity-feed continuous processing system described in this invention during actual industrial operation, so as to ensure the continuity and stability of multi-physics field collaborative processing.

[0057] In actual operation, the solid bulk materials of grain, oil and feed to be processed are first continuously fed into the top inlet of the vertically set closed processing chamber by the upstream conveying system. After entering, the materials fall naturally under the action of gravity, and are initially deagglomerated by the dispersing effect of the bulk material components in the feeding uniform section. At the same time, under the guidance of the guiding structure, a thin material curtain structure with uniform thickness and continuous stability is gradually formed, so that the materials are in a uniform distribution state of free fall in space.

[0058] When the material enters the main plasma treatment chamber, the system activates the DBD low-temperature plasma discharge unit, forming a uniformly distributed planar plasma field between the plate electrodes on both sides of the chamber. As the material passes through this area in the form of a thin curtain, its particle surface can fully contact the active particles in a very short time, thereby completing a continuous sterilization and primary detoxification process. Because the material is in a free-fall state, the obstruction effect caused by mechanical contact conveying is avoided, making the plasma action more uniform.

[0059] In some configuration schemes, high-voltage electrostatic field and steady-state magnetic field modules can be arranged sequentially or simultaneously at the back end of the plasma treatment area, so that the material is subjected to electric field and magnetic field effects sequentially or superimposedly during the continued falling process, thereby inhibiting residual microorganisms and delaying and controlling oxidation reactions, so that the material can complete multi-physical field synergistic treatment in a continuous flow state.

[0060] For material systems that require enhanced structural modification, the system can introduce a shock wave action unit after plasma treatment according to process requirements. This allows the shock wave to act instantaneously on the thin material curtain structure during the free fall of the material, thereby achieving fiber structure loosening and internal pore channel construction without relying on mechanical contact, and improving the subsequent physical field penetration efficiency.

[0061] The entire processing is coordinated and controlled by a unified control system to manage the activation timing, intensity, and spatial superposition of each physical field, enabling different physical fields to form an orderly and synergistic relationship in both space and time. At the same time, an energy regulation mechanism ensures that the temperature of the material remains stable and controlled throughout the entire processing, with the highest temperature not exceeding 70°C, thus preventing structural damage to heat-sensitive nutrients.

[0062] After processing, the material continues to enter the settling discharge section under gravity. In this area, the expansion of the cavity and the reduction of flow velocity cause the entrained dust and light impurities to gradually separate and settle, while simultaneously achieving airflow stabilization. Finally, the finished product is continuously discharged from the bottom outlet and can be directly connected to subsequent storage or processing production lines, enabling 24-hour continuous industrial operation.

[0063] Through this operating mode, the system of the present invention can achieve stable and continuous processing of large-tonnage solid materials without mechanical mesh belt support, effectively avoiding the problems of material blockage, material accumulation and cleaning difficulties that are prone to occur in traditional equipment, thereby significantly improving the reliability and operating efficiency of industrial processing of grain, oil and feed.

[0064] Example 6: Low-energy ion beam combined with deep grain processing This embodiment uses solid grains such as rice, wheat, or corn as the treatment object to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in the deep sterilization, insect egg inactivation, and quality stabilization treatment before grain storage.

[0065] In the actual processing, the grains to be processed are first pre-treated and conditioned to maintain their moisture content within a range suitable for the action of the low-temperature physical field and subsequent storage stability. This ensures that the grains will not agglomerate due to excessive moisture or reduce the efficiency of the physical field during subsequent processing. The conditioned grains first enter a gravity-feed continuous processing system, where they are uniformly dispersed into a continuous thin curtain under the action of the feeding uniform section, and then stably enter the DBD low-temperature plasma treatment area under gravity.

[0066] In this region, grain particles are subjected to uniformly distributed plasma active particles during free fall, rapidly inactivating mold, bacteria, and insect eggs attached to their surface and shallow layers. Simultaneously, some fungal toxins undergo preliminary oxidative degradation, and a certain degree of microporous structure is formed on the surface, providing channels for subsequent deeper processing. This stage of treatment is a non-thermal process, enabling primary sterilization and detoxification without significantly increasing the material temperature.

[0067] Subsequently, the material continues to fall into the low-energy ion beam co-processing zone. Within this zone, a low-energy electron beam or low-energy nitrogen ion beam is used to directionally irradiate the falling grain film. The ion beam injection energy is controlled within the range of 10–30 keV, and the dose is controlled within the range of 1×10¹²–5×10¹². 5 The concentration of ions / cm² is between [value missing]. Under these conditions, the ion beam can penetrate the surface of the grain and reach a certain depth, destroying insect eggs, storage pests, and deep microbial structures lurking inside the grain, thus achieving a deep inactivation effect that is difficult to achieve with traditional surface treatments.

[0068] Meanwhile, the low-energy ion beam can further break down and degrade the molecular structure of fungal toxins inside the grain, and affect the activity of some enzymes inside the grain, such as lipoxygenase and amylase, through the energy deposition effect, thereby inhibiting lipid oxidation and quality deterioration reactions during storage, slowing down the aging process of grain, and improving long-term storage stability.

[0069] During the low-energy ion beam treatment process, the system precisely adjusts the output power and scanning density of the ion beam through the energy control module, keeping the overall temperature rise of the grain at an extremely low level. The temperature rise of the material throughout the process does not exceed 5°C, thereby ensuring that the endosperm structure and nutrients of the grain do not suffer significant thermal damage, achieving a balance between deep inactivation and low-temperature preservation.

[0070] After undergoing low-energy ion beam co-treatment, the grain continues to enter the settling and discharge section under gravity. In this area, dust and light impurities are separated through airflow expansion and deceleration, while the finished grain material is output stably. The treated grain can be directly sent to a sealed storage system, exhibiting a low incidence of pests, low risk of mold, and low rate of quality deterioration during long-term storage.

[0071] The low-energy ion beam and low-temperature plasma synergistic treatment method described in this embodiment achieves gradient sterilization and detoxification of grains from the surface to the interior, and significantly improves the safety and quality maintenance of grain storage without relying on chemical agents and high-temperature conditions, providing an effective technical path for deep physical field treatment of bulk grains.

[0072] Example 7: Aseptic and synergistic treatment of poultry and livestock feed This embodiment uses compound feed for poultry and livestock farming as the treatment object to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in the synergistic application of feed pretreatment and poultry and livestock clean-raising stages.

[0073] In the actual processing, the poultry and livestock feed to be treated is first transported to a low-temperature physical field pretreatment unit, where it undergoes basic sterilization and detoxification before being used in animal husbandry. At this stage, the feed is treated using either gravity-feed plasma treatment or independent low-temperature DBD plasma treatment, which inactivates mold, bacteria, and insect eggs attached to its surface and interior, and simultaneously performs preliminary degradation of any potential fungal toxins, thereby reducing the risk of contamination during the animal husbandry process.

[0074] Feed treated with a low-temperature physical field, while maintaining a stable basic nutritional structure, is used in the pre-slaughter stage before livestock are slaughtered. During this stage, livestock are transferred to a pre-slaughter environment and continuously fed sterile feed and sterile drinking water treated with low-temperature plasma. This allows the livestock to reduce the load of potential pathogenic microorganisms and residual exogenous pollutants in their bodies through natural metabolic processes before slaughter.

[0075] In some implementations, a high-voltage electrostatic field can be superimposed on the clean-keeping environment to inhibit microorganisms in the ambient air through the spatial electric field, thereby reducing the probability of reinfection of the respiratory and digestive tracts of poultry and livestock, and further improving the cleanliness of the breeding environment. At the same time, the high-voltage electrostatic field has a certain settling effect on suspended particulate matter in the air, which can reduce dust load and improve the overall stability of the breeding environment.

[0076] Throughout the clean-feeding process, by controlling the intensity of feed treatment and environmental physical field parameters, poultry and livestock are kept in a low-stress state, while avoiding the risk of residues introduced by the use of chemical drugs or antibiotics, thereby achieving the goal of antibiotic-free or low-antibiotic farming. After treatment in this way, the microbial structure in poultry and livestock tends to be stable, the load of harmful bacteria in the intestines is reduced, and meat quality and safety are improved.

[0077] The processed poultry and livestock products exhibit a lower risk of antibiotic residues and more stable sensory quality after slaughter. Their meat flavor and water retention properties are improved compared to traditional farming methods, while their cold chain storage stability is enhanced.

[0078] Through the synergistic effect of aseptic feed pretreatment and poultry and livestock clean-raising process described in this embodiment, physical field control of the entire process from feed end to breeding end is realized. Without relying on chemical additives and antibiotics, the safety and quality consistency of poultry and livestock products are improved, providing an implementable technical path for green breeding system.

[0079] Example 8: Treatment of Seeds and Seedling Substrates in Facility Agriculture This embodiment uses crop seeds and seedling substrates commonly used in facility agriculture production as the treatment objects to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in seed treatment and seedling front-end disease control.

[0080] In practical applications, the crop seeds and seedling substrates to be treated are first classified and pretreated separately to ensure that they meet the basic conditions suitable for low-temperature physical field treatment. Specifically, the seeds are screened and cleaned before treatment to remove dust and impurities adhering to their surfaces; the seedling substrates are initially loosened to ensure a uniform structure and avoid local agglomeration that could affect the uniformity of subsequent treatment.

[0081] For seed treatment, the prepared seeds are fed into a low-temperature plasma treatment unit or a gravity-feed plasma treatment system. Under free-fall or intermittent tumbling conditions, the seed surface is uniformly exposed to the DBD low-temperature plasma active environment. During this process, the active particles generated by the plasma inactivate pathogens, fungal spores, and insect eggs attached to the seed surface. Simultaneously, the plasma slightly etches and activates the seed coat surface, moderately increasing its permeability, which is beneficial for subsequent water absorption and germination.

[0082] For seedling substrate treatment, the substrate is placed in a plasma and weak magnetic field synergistic treatment environment. Under low temperature conditions, pathogenic microorganisms, nematodes and insect eggs that may exist in the substrate are inactivated. At the same time, the magnetic field effect regulates the free radical reaction rate of the microenvironment inside the substrate, making its overall micro-ecology tend to be stable, thereby reducing the probability of disease occurrence in the subsequent seedling stage.

[0083] In some implementations, seed treatment and substrate treatment can be completed sequentially in the same continuous processing system, utilizing a gravity-feed structure to achieve continuous material flow, thereby improving processing efficiency and reducing the degree of human intervention.

[0084] Throughout the treatment process, the plasma discharge intensity and magnetic field parameters are controlled to maintain the treatment temperature within a low-temperature range, thus avoiding adverse effects on seed embryo activity and ensuring the basic stability of the beneficial microbial community structure in the seedling substrate.

[0085] Seeds treated in the above manner showed better uniformity of emergence and germination after sowing, and the incidence of seedling diseases was significantly reduced. The treated seedling substrate had a lower risk of pathogen regeneration during use, which could reduce or replace the use of traditional chemical disinfectants, thereby improving the safety and environmental friendliness of facility agriculture production.

[0086] The physical field synergistic treatment method of seeds and seedling substrate described in this embodiment achieves chemical-free purification of front-end materials in agricultural production, providing a stable and clean basic environmental condition for subsequent crop growth.

[0087] Example 9: Disease prevention and post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables in greenhouses This embodiment uses the environment of a facility agriculture greenhouse and harvested fruits and vegetables as the treatment objects to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in the fields of agricultural spatial disease prevention and control and post-harvest preservation.

[0088] In greenhouse applications, high-voltage electrostatic field generators are first installed on the top and side structures of the greenhouse interior to create a stable spatial electric field environment during operation. During actual operation, this electric field causes charge disturbances to airborne microbial aerosols, dust particles, and some pathogenic spores, causing them to aggregate, become unstable, and settle, thereby reducing the probability of airborne disease spread.

[0089] Based on the effect of this spatial electric field, a low-temperature plasma generator can be used to intermittently treat the greenhouse air, causing bacteria, mold spores, and virus particles in the air to undergo inactivation reactions under low-temperature, non-thermal conditions. This further reduces the risk of common airborne diseases such as gray mold, downy mildew, and powdery mildew. Simultaneously, in certain implementations, the spatial electric field can also assist in regulating the humidity distribution within the greenhouse, improving the localized high-humidity environment by promoting droplet settling, thereby reducing conditions conducive to disease growth.

[0090] In the post-harvest preservation process of fruits and vegetables, the harvested products are placed in a low-temperature environment, and a high-voltage electrostatic field and low-temperature plasma are introduced for synergistic treatment. In this treatment environment, residual microorganisms and molds on the surface of the fruits and vegetables can be continuously inactivated by plasma active particles. At the same time, the high-voltage electrostatic field has a certain inhibitory effect on the gas exchange environment on the surface of the fruits and vegetables, thereby reducing the respiration intensity and metabolic rate.

[0091] Under this synergistic effect, the generation and release of ethylene inside fruits and vegetables are slowed down to a certain extent, thus slowing down their ripening and aging processes and extending their overall shelf life. In some implementations, this treatment can be combined with a cold chain storage system to enable fruits and vegetables to achieve long-term preservation under the synergistic effect of low temperature environment and physical field.

[0092] Throughout the process, by controlling the plasma discharge intensity and electric field parameters, the surface of fruits and vegetables is prevented from suffering significant structural damage, while avoiding excessive processing that could lead to moisture loss or quality degradation, thus achieving a balance between sterilization and preservation.

[0093] The greenhouse space electric field disease prevention and post-harvest physical field synergistic preservation technology described in this embodiment can achieve long-term stable control of the facility agriculture production environment without the use of chemical pesticides and preservatives, and significantly improve the quality maintenance ability and safety of fruits and vegetables during post-harvest storage and transportation.

[0094] Example 10: Earthworm-Fruit and Vegetable Three-Dimensional Circular Ecosystem This embodiment focuses on the resource utilization of organic waste in facility agriculture and the collaborative production of earthworm breeding and fruit and vegetable planting, to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in a multi-material recycling and multi-layer three-dimensional agricultural system.

[0095] During the system construction process, a multi-layered three-dimensional planting and breeding structure is first set up. The structure consists of a fruit and vegetable planting layer, a soilless earthworm breeding layer, and a substrate recycling treatment layer from top to bottom. Each layer is continuously connected through material and nutrient circulation channels, thus forming a closed or semi-closed ecological cycle system.

[0096] In the upstream organic waste treatment stage, fruit and vegetable residues, straw, mushroom waste, and other agricultural byproducts are collected and sent to a low-temperature plasma treatment unit for basic sterilization. This effectively inactivates mold, bacteria, and insect eggs, reducing the risk of potential pathogen contamination. In some embodiments, shock wave treatment can be further introduced to loosen the structure of high-fiber waste, thereby improving its subsequent biodegradation efficiency. The organic material pretreated by the physical field is used as a substrate for earthworm farming.

[0097] In the mid-layer earthworm breeding unit, treated breeding substrate is laid in the soilless breeding tank for the growth and reproduction of earthworms. Earthworms are bred in this sterile or low-bacterial environment, and their excrement mixes with the substrate to form vermicompost organic substrate. This substrate has a high organic nutrient content and can serve as an important nutrient source for the subsequent planting layer.

[0098] In the downstream fruit and vegetable planting layer, the aforementioned vermicompost substrate is further treated with low-temperature plasma sterilization before being used as an organic cultivation substrate, thereby reducing the potential pathogenic microbial load while preserving its basic nutrient structure. During the planting process, seeds and seedling materials can also be treated with plasma or magnetic fields in synergistic ways to enhance the stability and disease resistance of the overall planting environment.

[0099] During the water, fertilizer, and nutrient cycle, the system can return the plant residues generated in the planting layer to the upstream processing unit. After being treated by low-temperature plasma and optional shock waves, the residues are re-entered into the aquaculture or substrate preparation process, thus forming a closed-loop cycle system of "planting-aquaculture-substrate-replanting".

[0100] Throughout the system's operation, the synergistic effect of multiple physical fields enables graded treatment of different stages, allowing various organic wastes to be utilized as resources without chemical additives, while reducing the risk of pathogen transmission and improving the overall stability of the system.

[0101] The three-dimensional circular ecosystem described in this embodiment can achieve synergistic linkage between earthworm farming and fruit and vegetable planting. Through multi-physical field pretreatment and recycling mechanisms, the utilization rate of agricultural waste can be improved, and the input of external fertilizers and pesticides can be reduced, thereby constructing a green and low-residue ecological agricultural production model.

[0102] Example 11: Low-energy ion beam storage enhancement treatment for grains This embodiment uses grains such as rice, wheat, or corn as the treatment object to illustrate the specific implementation of the present invention in the deep-intensified sterilization, pest control, and quality stabilization treatment before grain storage.

[0103] In the actual processing, the grain to be treated is first moderately humidified to control its moisture content within a stable range suitable for long-term storage and physical field effects, thus avoiding localized mold growth or uneven energy absorption due to uneven moisture content during subsequent processing. The humidified grain first enters a gravity-feed plasma treatment system. During the free-fall process, forming a thin curtain of material, the DBD low-temperature plasma performs primary sterilization on the surface and shallow structure of the grain, effectively inactivating attached mold, bacteria, and insect eggs, and initially degrading some fungal toxins. Simultaneously, it forms a micro-etched structure on the grain surface, improving the penetration efficiency of subsequent energy processing.

[0104] After the initial plasma treatment, the grain continues to enter the low-energy ion beam enhanced treatment region under gravity. In this region, a low-energy electron beam or a low-energy nitrogen ion beam is used to directionally bombard the thin curtain of grain in its free-fall state. The ion beam energy is controlled within the range of 10–30 keV, and the dose is controlled within the range of 1×10¹²–5×10¹². 5Within the range of ions / cm², to ensure deep layering without significantly increasing the material temperature.

[0105] During the low-energy ion beam treatment, particles penetrate the surface of the grain and reach a certain depth, destroying latent insect eggs, storage pests, and microbial structures within the grain. This achieves a deep inactivation effect that is difficult to achieve with traditional surface treatments. Simultaneously, the energy deposition effect of the ion beam further promotes the breakage and degradation of fungal toxin molecules and regulates the activity of some enzymes within the grain, inhibiting lipid oxidation and starch degradation, thereby slowing down the grain aging process.

[0106] Throughout the entire process, the system's energy control module precisely regulates the ion beam output power, scanning density, and treatment time, keeping the overall temperature rise of the grain at an extremely low level. The material temperature rise throughout the process does not exceed 5°C, thereby avoiding thermal damage to the grain endosperm structure and nutrients caused by high-energy irradiation and achieving a synergistic unity of deep inactivation and low-temperature preservation.

[0107] After undergoing low-energy ion beam co-treatment, the grain continues to enter the settling discharge section under gravity. In this area, through airflow expansion and deceleration separation structures, dust and light impurities are effectively separated, while the finished grain material is stably output. The treated grain can be directly put into a sealed storage system, exhibiting a low incidence of pests, low risk of mold, and low rate of quality deterioration during long-term storage.

[0108] The low-energy ion beam and low-temperature plasma synergistic enhancement treatment method described in this embodiment realizes gradient continuous sterilization and detoxification treatment of grains from the surface to the interior, and significantly improves the safety and quality maintenance of grain storage without relying on chemical fumigation and high-temperature treatment, providing an effective technical path for the long-term stable storage of bulk grains.

[0109] The technical solution of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to explain the principle and implementation process of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or adaptive adjustments to the material type, physical field combination mode, action sequence, equipment structure form and process parameters without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0110] The multi-physics field collaborative processing mechanism, gravity-feed continuous processing structure, and low-energy ion beam synergistic enhancement method involved in this invention can all be modularly combined or used independently according to actual industrial application needs. The specific implementation form can be adjusted according to the characteristics of different grain, oil and feed materials and production scale, but the core technical idea remains unchanged.

[0111] It should be noted that the terms "preferred," "optional," "further," and "in some embodiments" used in this specification are only for supplementary explanation of the technical solution and do not constitute a limitation on the essential technical features. Any equivalent substitutions, structural changes, or parameter adjustments that do not depart from the basic technical concept of this invention should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0112] The range of technical parameters, combinations of physical fields, and processing conditions involved in this invention are all exemplary descriptions given under illustrative implementation conditions, and do not imply any limitation on the scope of application or implementation conditions of this invention. Conventional modifications, substitutions, or combinations made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of this invention do not depart from the essential spirit of this invention and should also be protected by the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A multi-physical field ordered synergistic low-temperature detoxification and preservation method for solid grain and oil feed materials, used for sterilization, insecticidal, fungal toxin degradation, and preservation of active nutrients in solid grain and oil feed materials, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treat the materials to make them suitable for continuous processing; S2. The material is fed into the gravity-feed continuous processing system. During the process of the material falling under gravity to form a thin curtain of material, it is subjected to orderly and coordinated processing of at least two physical fields, namely DBD low-temperature plasma, high-voltage electrostatic field, shock wave, and steady-state magnetic field, in a preset sequence or simultaneously. S3. Collect and process the materials for subsequent warehousing or direct use.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ordered collaborative processing includes: The material is first subjected to surface sterilization and detoxification treatment by DBD low-temperature plasma, and then enters a high-voltage electrostatic field and steady-state magnetic field environment for long-term antibacterial preservation; and / or when processing high-fiber materials, shock wave treatment is added after plasma treatment to loosen the internal fiber cross-linking structure of the material.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum processing temperature should not exceed 70℃, and preferably not exceed 60℃.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, DBD low-temperature plasma is used to achieve broad-spectrum sterilization and degradation of fungal toxins; high-voltage electrostatic field is used to inhibit microbial growth and prevent mold and preserve freshness; steady-state magnetic field is used to delay the oxidation and deterioration of materials; and shock wave is used for deep cell wall breaking and structural loosening of materials.

5. A gravity-feed type DBD plasma continuous processing system for implementing the method of claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a vertically arranged sealed cavity, which, from top to bottom, comprises a feeding and equalization section, a plasma treatment main cavity, and a settling and discharging section.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feeding and leveling section is equipped with a material dispersing component and at least one material leveling guide component, which is used to disperse the bulk material into a uniform and continuous thin curtain of material and allow it to enter the processing area vertically.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, At least one side of the plasma processing main cavity is provided with a flat DBD discharge electrode, and the electrode surface is covered with an insulating dielectric layer to form a uniform planar plasma processing field.

8. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, All walls within the cavity that come into contact with the material are smooth and continuous, without any mesh, grid, or grille structures, to prevent material embedding, blockage, and mold growth.

9. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The settling discharge section is an expanded cavity used to reduce the falling speed of materials and achieve airflow separation of dust and materials. The cavity maintains a slightly positive pressure environment to isolate external pollution.

10. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes an AI adaptive control module, a material parameter acquisition unit, and a temperature detection unit. The AI ​​adaptive control module is communicatively connected to the material parameter acquisition unit, the temperature detection unit, and at least one physical field generating unit. The AI ​​adaptive control module is used to automatically match the multi-physical field combination mode and operating parameters according to the material type, moisture content, and processing target, and adjust the operating parameters of at least one physical field generating unit according to the temperature information fed back by the temperature detection unit, so as to realize closed-loop temperature control throughout the entire process.