Acoustic-electric-olfactory three-mode closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system and individualized control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a sound-electricity-smell three-mode closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system and an individualized control method thereof, comprising a PTC sound-electricity pulse stimulation module, a standardized smell training module, an emotion / aversion degree scoring module, a physiological feedback acquisition module and an AI individualized parameter adjustment module. The PTC sound-electricity pulse stimulation module is used for providing acoustic stimulation and electric pulse stimulation signals related to the peripheral cochlea-thalamus-cortex pathway; the smell training module is used for providing a smell stimulation training scheme with controllable concentration, category and time sequence to a subject; and the physiological feedback acquisition module is used for acquiring HRV, skin electricity response, EEG, respiratory rhythm and sleep-related indexes. In the foregoing manner, the sound-electricity-smell three-mode closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system and the individualized control method thereof can combine subjective and physiological feedback and other multi-source information, can adjust parameters and schemes for different users, and thus improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the training scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of olfactory rehabilitation training, sensory nerve modulation, closed-loop neurofeedback, intelligent auxiliary decision-making, and multimodal rehabilitation engineering technology, and particularly to a sound-electric-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system and its individualized modulation method. Background Technology

[0002] Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common sensory disorders in clinical practice. It can be seen after viral infections, chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, head trauma, neurodegenerative diseases, drug or chemical exposure, and mental and psychological disorders. Olfactory dysfunction can manifest not only as decreased or absent sense of smell, but also as parsnolence, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, and olfactory-related anxiety.

[0003] Traditional olfactory rehabilitation training mainly focuses on etiological treatment, anti-inflammatory measures, local nasal cavity treatment, and standardized olfactory training. Olfactory training typically involves repeated exposure to several standard odors to improve the user's ability to identify, distinguish, and remember odors. However, simple olfactory training still has shortcomings, such as insufficient response in some patients with post-viral olfactory disorders, potential discomfort in patients with parsnipitis or odor aversion, lack of synchronized emotional and autonomic nervous system feedback, and lack of parameter adjustment records that can be verified by doctors and experts.

[0004] Modern neuroscience research shows that olfactory input can rapidly enter the limbic system via structures such as the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, olfactory tubercle, entorhinal cortex, and amygdala, and is closely related to emotional salience, episodic memory, appetite, autonomic nervous system, and endocrine responses. Although olfaction does not rely on the thalamus as a primary relay, the dorsolateral thalamus nucleus and related thalamocortical circuits can participate in higher-level olfactory cognition, attentional gating, and multisensory integration.

[0005] On the other hand, studies on sensory abnormalities such as tinnitus suggest that abnormal peripheral sensory input can lead to thalamic-cortical rhythm dysregulation and abnormal coupling with the limbic system, attention network, and emotional distress network. Bimodal neuromodulation combining acoustic stimulation with electrical or mechanical stimulation has been used in non-invasive research on the regulation of sensory abnormalities such as tinnitus. Therefore, there is a need for an olfactory rehabilitation assistive system that can combine acoustic stimulation, peripheral electrical impulse stimulation, and odor training, and that can be used by AI-assisted physicians and experts for closed-loop parameter optimization, risk identification, and follow-up management. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system with a three-modal approach (sound, electricity, and smell) is provided, comprising:

[0008] The acoustic-electric combined stimulation module is used to provide acoustic stimulation signals and / or peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals to regulate the central nervous system state related to auditory input, somatosensory input, brainstem regulation, thalamic-cortical gating, cortical rhythm synchronization, attentional arousal state, or limbic system response.

[0009] The odor training module is used to provide standardized or individualized odor stimulation training programs that are controllable and adjustable.

[0010] The subjective feedback acquisition module is used to acquire subjective feedback information from users during stimulation and training processes;

[0011] The physiological feedback acquisition module is used to collect physiological feedback information from users during stimulation and training.

[0012] The AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module is used to generate or dynamically adjust individualized training plans based on one or more of the following: basic information, subjective feedback information, or physiological feedback information.

[0013] The doctor / expert-assisted review module is used to display, confirm, correct, reject, or review the classification results, parameter adjustment suggestions, risk warnings, or phased training reports output by the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module.

[0014] Through closed-loop regulation among acoustic stimulation signals, peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals, odor stimulation training programs, and subjective and / or physiological feedback information, a three-modal closed-loop regulation is formed for olfactory function training, odor-related emotion regulation, odor tolerance training, or olfactory rehabilitation auxiliary training.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the acoustic-electric combined stimulation module is configured to output acoustic stimulation signals and / or peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals before, during, or after odor training, or during any combination of the above time periods; wherein, the acoustic stimulation signals include one or more of the following: pure tone, complex tone, narrowband noise, broadband noise, amplitude-modulated sound, frequency-modulated sound, rhythmic sound, natural sound, musical sound, masking sound, individualized sound, soothing sound, alert sound, or acoustic stimulation signals synchronized with the odor training task.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal includes one or more of the following: transcutaneous electrical stimulation, lingual electrical stimulation, periauricular electrical stimulation, concha or tragus region electrical stimulation, trigeminal nerve related region electrical stimulation, vagus nerve auricular branch related region electrical stimulation, facial region electrical stimulation, neck region electrical stimulation, hand or wrist region electrical stimulation, somatic sensory region electrical stimulation, or other tolerable peripheral nerve electrical stimulation signals; the parameters of the peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal include one or more of the following: stimulation intensity, stimulation frequency, pulse width, waveform, duty cycle, stimulation duration, stimulation interval, stimulation site, left or right side selection, phase relationship, or time synchronization relationship with acoustic stimulation and odor stimulation.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the odor training module includes one or more of the following: odor storage unit, odor channel switching unit, odor release unit, odor concentration control unit, odor presentation timing control unit, nasal output interface, and waste gas recovery or filtration unit; the odor categories in the odor stimulation training scheme include one or more of the following: floral, fruity, resinous, spicy, herbal, food, cleaning, smoky, putrid, warning, life scene, occupational exposure related odors, individualized memory related odors, pleasant odors, neutral odors, or mildly unpleasant odors.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the subjective feedback information includes one or more of the following: odor intensity, odor recognition result, odor discrimination result, pleasantness, aversion, anxiety level, familiarity, memory recall level, tolerability, tinnitus disturbance level, subjective sleep score, or adverse reaction record; the physiological feedback information includes one or more of the following: heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate, skin conductance response, electroencephalography (EEG), respiratory rhythm, body movement, blood oxygenation, sleep-related indicators, facial expression, eye movement, pupillary changes, or auditory response.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the AI ​​personalized parameter adjustment module includes one or more of the following: a data preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a state recognition unit, a patient classification unit, a parameter decision unit, a risk control unit, a report generation unit, and an expert rule base invocation unit; the AI ​​personalized parameter adjustment module uses rule algorithms, threshold algorithms, machine learning models, deep learning models, reinforcement learning models, Bayesian optimization models, expert systems, knowledge graph models, or combinations of the above models to generate personalized training plans, risk warnings, doctor review suggestions, or dynamic parameter adjustment suggestions.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the patient classification unit is used to classify users into one or more of the following types: hyposmia, anosmia, parsmia, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, olfactory-related anxiety, sleep disorder, tinnitus, anxiety and depression, low training response, or mixed type. Based on the classification results, corresponding odor training strategies, acoustic stimulation strategies, peripheral electrical impulse stimulation strategies, closed-loop feedback strategies, or doctor / expert review strategies are generated.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a user interaction module is further included, which is connected to the data preprocessing unit to obtain basic information about the user.

[0022] An individualized modulation method based on a closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system with acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal characteristics includes the following steps:

[0023] S1. Obtain the user's basic information;

[0024] S2. Generate initial acoustic stimulus signal parameters, initial peripheral electrical pulse stimulus signal parameters, and initial odor stimulus training plan based on basic information, and formulate initial individualized training plans.

[0025] S3. Output acoustic stimulation signals, output peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals, or execute one or more of the odor stimulation training programs according to the initial individualized training program.

[0026] S4. Obtain subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback information from users during stimulation and / or training;

[0027] S5. Identify the user's current state based on subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback signals;

[0028] S6. Generate suggestions for adjusting the current training parameters and risk warnings based on the current status, and submit them to the doctor / expert auxiliary review module for confirmation, correction, rejection or record-keeping review;

[0029] S7. After passing the doctor / expert review or meeting the preset safety rules, generate a phased training report based on the current training parameters and update the individualized training plan.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the user's performance information is parosmia, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, or olfactory-related anxiety, one or more training strategies are employed, including low-intensity acoustic-electrical modulation, exposure to pleasant or safe odors, neutral odor training, progressive exposure to mildly unpleasant odors, odor aversion feedback inhibition, autonomic feedback stabilization, and doctor / expert review. When the user's performance is described as olfactory hyposensitivity, olfactory anosmia, or low response to olfactory training, one or more training strategies are employed, including acoustic-electrical pre-modulation, repetitive odor recognition training, odor discrimination training, odor memory reinforcement training, attention guidance training, training compliance feedback reinforcement, or odor concentration gradient training.

[0031] The combined acoustic-electric stimulation is not configured to directly repair damage to the olfactory epithelium, olfactory receptor neurons, olfactory nerve, or olfactory bulb. Instead, it is configured to provide a central plasticity window for odor training by modulating the state of the thalamus-cortex-limbic system and reducing odor-related negative emotional responses, autonomic nervous system responses, or training intolerance responses. The AI-based individualized parameter adjustment module is used to assist doctors, experts, or rehabilitation therapists in generating plans, identifying risks, optimizing parameters, and managing follow-ups. It does not replace the final judgment of doctors, experts, or rehabilitation therapists.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it combines acoustic stimulation signals, electrical pulse stimulation signals, and odor training to form a three-modal rehabilitation training model of sound-electricity-olfaction, and forms a closed loop through subjective feedback, physiological feedback, AI individualized parameter adjustment, and doctor and expert review. It can simultaneously output multi-dimensional evaluation data such as olfactory function, emotional response, physiological feedback, and training compliance, and generate differentiated training programs for different user types, effectively improving the individualization, accuracy, safety, and traceability of the training program. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the closed-loop control process of the acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the neural regulation mechanism of the acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the standardized odor training module in the acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment logic in the three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system of the present invention, which combines sound, electricity, and smell. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] A closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system based on a three-modal approach (sound-electricity-olfactory) and its individualized modulation method combines acoustic stimulation, electrical impulse stimulation, and odor training. It uses feedback information such as HRV, skin conductance, EEG, and mood scores for closed-loop modulation. This improves the central plasticity environment for olfactory training and reduces odor-related negative emotions and autonomic nervous system responses by regulating the state of the thalamus-cortex-limbic system without directly repairing peripheral olfactory damage.

[0041] A closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system with a three-modal sound-electricity-olfaction structure includes: a PTC sound-electricity pulse stimulation module, an odor training module, a subjective feedback acquisition module, a physiological feedback acquisition module, and an AI individualized parameter adjustment module.

[0042] 1. PTC Acoustic-Electrical Pulse Stimulation Module

[0043] The PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation module is used to provide acoustic stimulation signals and peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals. The acoustic stimulation signals and electrical pulse stimulation signals can modulate the central nervous system state related to auditory afferent, somatosensory afferent, brainstem modulation, thalamic-cortical gating, cortical rhythm synchronization, attentional arousal state, or limbic system response.

[0044] It should be noted that the PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation module can be configured to output acoustic stimulation signals and peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals before, during, or after odor training, or any combination of the above time periods.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the acoustic stimulus signal includes one or more of the following: pure tone, complex tone, narrowband noise, broadband noise, amplitude modulation sound, frequency modulation sound, rhythmic sound, natural sound, musical sound, masking sound, individualized sound, soothing sound, alerting sound, or acoustic stimulus signal synchronized with odor training task.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, the peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal includes one or more of the following: transcutaneous electrical stimulation, tongue electrical stimulation, periauricular electrical stimulation, concha or tragus region electrical stimulation, trigeminal nerve related region electrical stimulation, vagus nerve auricular branch related region electrical stimulation, facial region electrical stimulation, neck region electrical stimulation, hand or wrist region electrical stimulation, somatic sensory region electrical stimulation, or other tolerable peripheral nerve electrical stimulation signals.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the parameters of the peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal include one or more of the following: stimulation intensity, stimulation frequency, pulse width, waveform, duty cycle, stimulation duration, stimulation interval, stimulation site, left-right selection, phase relationship, or time synchronization relationship with acoustic stimulation and odor stimulation.

[0048] 2. Scent Training Module

[0049] The odor training module is used to provide a controllable, standardized or individualized odor stimulation training program. The odor stimulation training program includes odor category (at least one), concentration gradient, stimulation duration, stimulation interval, presentation order, combination method and training task, and at least one of the above contents can be adjusted.

[0050] The odor training module includes an odor storage unit, an odor channel switching unit, an odor release unit, an odor concentration control unit, an odor presentation timing control unit, and a nasal output interface. The odor storage unit, odor channel switching unit, odor release unit, and nasal output interface are connected in sequence.

[0051] The odor storage unit can store various standard odor reagents or user-customized odor reagents according to different training needs.

[0052] The odor concentration control unit is connected to the odor channel switching unit. By controlling the switching of the channels, the ratio of ventilation flow rate to odor volatilization area can be adjusted to achieve precise multi-gradient concentration adjustment, adapting to the training needs of patients with different degrees of olfactory impairment. The training intensity can be gradually increased from a low concentration to avoid sudden high concentration stimulation that may induce adverse reactions in patients.

[0053] The odor presentation timing control unit is connected to the odor channel switching unit and the odor release unit respectively to realize the output sequence of different odors.

[0054] Furthermore, the odor training module also includes an exhaust gas recovery or filtration unit, which is connected to the nasal output interface to recover residual odors / gases emitted during the training process in a timely manner, avoid different odors from mixing and interfering with each other at the output end, ensure the purity and accuracy of a single odor stimulation, and prevent residual odors from interfering with the user's olfactory judgment.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the odor category includes one or more of the following: floral, fruity, resinous, spicy, herbal, food, cleaning, smoky, putrid, warning, life scene, occupational exposure related odor, personalized memory related odor, pleasant odor, neutral odor, or mildly unpleasant odor.

[0056] 3. Subjective Feedback Module (Emotion / Disgust Rating Module)

[0057] The subjective feedback module is used to collect or record the user's subjective feedback information during odor stimulation training, acoustic stimulation, or peripheral electrical pulse stimulation.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, subjective feedback information includes one or more of the following: odor intensity, odor recognition result, odor discrimination result, pleasantness, aversion, anxiety level, familiarity, memory recall level, tolerability, tinnitus distress level, or adverse reaction record.

[0059] 4. Physiological feedback acquisition module (HRV / skin conductance / EEG feedback module)

[0060] The physiological feedback acquisition module is used to collect physiological feedback signals that represent the user's autonomic nervous system response, emotional arousal response, and central nervous system rhythm state during training, so as to accurately monitor the information of odor-induced autonomic nervous system response through HRV, skin conductance, and respiratory feedback.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, physiological feedback signals include heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate, skin conductance response, electroencephalography (EEG), respiratory rhythm, body movement, blood oxygenation, sleep-related indicators, facial expression, eye movement, pupillary changes, or auditory response.

[0062] 5. AI Personalized Parameter Adjustment Module

[0063] The AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module is communicatively connected to the subjective feedback acquisition module and the physiological feedback acquisition module, and is used to generate an individualized training plan or dynamically adjust the training parameters in the individualized training plan based on one or more of the basic information, subjective feedback information, and physiological feedback information.

[0064] The basic information includes basic subjective information and basic physiological information.

[0065] The AI-based personalized parameter adjustment module communicates with the acoustic-electric combined stimulation module and the odor training module to send the personalized training plan to the acoustic-electric combined stimulation module and the odor training module, enabling them to output stimulation signals according to the personalized training plan.

[0066] Furthermore, the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module uses rule-based algorithms, threshold algorithms, machine learning models, deep learning models, reinforcement learning models, Bayesian optimization models, expert systems, knowledge graph models, or combinations of the above models to generate individualized training schemes or dynamically adjust training parameters.

[0067] Furthermore, the training parameters include acoustic stimulus signal parameters, peripheral electrical impulse stimulus signal parameters, and odor training parameters.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, the training parameters include acoustic stimulus frequency, acoustic stimulus intensity, acoustic stimulus rhythm, acoustic stimulus type, electrical pulse stimulus intensity, electrical pulse width, electrical pulse frequency, electrical pulse location, odor category, odor concentration, odor duration, odor interval, odor training difficulty, or training cycle.

[0069] Furthermore, the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module includes a data preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a state recognition unit, a parameter decision unit, a risk control unit, and a report generation unit connected in sequence, so as to realize the adjustment of training parameters and the generation of individualized training schemes.

[0070] Specifically:

[0071] • The data preprocessing unit is at least communicatively connected to the subjective feedback acquisition module and the physiological feedback acquisition module to acquire the user's basic information, subjective feedback information and physiological feedback information, and to preprocess the acquired information.

[0072] The feature extraction unit is used to identify and extract feature parameters from the preprocessed information.

[0073] • The state recognition unit is used to identify one or more of the user's olfactory function state, odor emotional response state, autonomic nervous system response state, central nervous system rhythm state, sleep state, training compliance state, adverse reaction risk state, or training low response state, and generate recognition results.

[0074] The parameter decision unit automatically or semi-automatically generates or adjusts training parameters based on the state recognition results.

[0075] • Report generation unit, used to generate or develop individualized training plans based on training parameters.

[0076] Furthermore, the AI ​​personalized parameter adjustment module also includes a patient classification module, which is connected between the state recognition unit and the parameter decision unit. It is used to classify the user's state, so that the parameter decision unit can generate or adjust training parameters based on the state recognition results and state type.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the user's state type includes hyposmia, anosmia, parsmia, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, olfactory-related anxiety, sleep disorder, tinnitus, anxiety and depression, low training response, or a mixed type.

[0078] 6. User Interaction Module

[0079] The user interaction module is connected to one or more of the following modules: sound-electric-electric pulse stimulation module, odor training module, subjective feedback module, physiological feedback acquisition module, and AI individualized parameter adjustment module. It provides a visual interactive interface for users and operators, enabling human-computer command interaction, training status display, training progress feedback, and training report query and export functions.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the user interaction module can support multi-terminal adaptation, including mobile, desktop, and embedded devices. It can support users to manually or verbally input subjective scores, confirm training tasks, and initiate or pause training processes. It can also support operators to view users' historical training data, manually correct training parameters, and adjust training plans according to actual needs.

[0081] 7. Data and Training Report Management Module 106

[0082] The data and training report management module communicates with the subjective feedback acquisition module, the physiological feedback acquisition module, and the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module to store training records such as training time, number of times, individualized training plan, and subjective feedback information and physiological feedback information for each training session, so as to facilitate later traceability.

[0083] 8. Safety Control Module

[0084] The safety control module communicates with the PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation module, odor training module, AI individualized parameter adjustment module, and data and training report management module to execute safety control mechanisms to ensure safe use.

[0085] The safety control module can set upper limits for acoustic stimulation intensity, electrical pulse stimulation intensity / frequency / pulse width, odor concentration, single training duration, adverse reaction termination mechanism, skin conductance or HRV abnormality alarm mechanism, EEG abnormal rhythm prompt mechanism, doctor-side remote review mechanism, contraindication screening mechanism, and training data encryption storage and privacy protection mechanism.

[0086] This application forms a three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system based on acoustic stimulation, peripheral electrical pulse stimulation, odor stimulation signal output, and subjective and / or physiological feedback, which is used for olfactory function training, odor-related emotion regulation, odor tolerance training, or olfactory rehabilitation auxiliary training.

[0087] A personalized modulation method based on a closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system with acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal approaches includes the following steps:

[0088] S1. Obtain the user's basic information; the basic information includes one or more of the following: basic olfactory function data, odor-related emotional data, sleep state data, psychoacoustic data, tinnitus-related data, training compliance data, and physiological feedback baseline data;

[0089] S2. Generate initial acoustic stimulation parameters, initial peripheral electrical impulse stimulation parameters, and initial odor stimulation training plan based on basic information, and generate or formulate initial individualized training plans.

[0090] S3. Output acoustic stimulation signals, output peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals, or execute one or more of the odor stimulation training programs according to the initial individualized training program.

[0091] Furthermore, the acoustic-electric combined stimulation module is configured to output acoustic stimulation signals and peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals before, during, or after odor training, or any combination thereof, for pre-training adjustment, synchronous adjustment during training, or recovery adjustment after training.

[0092] S4. Obtain subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback information from users during stimulation and / or training;

[0093] S5. Identify the user's current state based on subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback signals;

[0094] S6. Dynamically adjust the current acoustic stimulation parameters, current peripheral electrical pulse stimulation parameters, and parameters in the current initial odor stimulation training program for the corresponding user based on the current status.

[0095] S7. Generate a phased training report based on the current training parameters, and update the individualized training plan based on the training effect.

[0096] For example:

[0097] (a) When the user’s current state includes parsnolence, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion or olfactory anxiety, the individualized training program includes one or more of the following training strategies: low-intensity acoustic-electrical modulation, exposure to pleasant or safe odors, neutral odor training, progressive exposure to mildly unpleasant odors, odor aversion feedback inhibition and autonomic feedback stabilization.

[0098] (b) When the user’s current state includes reduced sense of smell, loss of smell, or low response to olfactory training, the individualized training program includes one or more of the following training strategies: combined acoustic and electrical preconditioning, repetitive odor recognition training, odor discrimination training, odor memory reinforcement training, attention guidance training, training compliance feedback reinforcement, or odor concentration gradient training.

[0099] In clinical applications, combined acoustic-electric stimulation is not configured to directly repair damage to the olfactory epithelium, olfactory receptor neurons, olfactory nerve, or olfactory bulb. Instead, it is configured to provide a central plasticity window for odor training by modulating the state of the thalamus-cortex-limbic system and reducing odor-related negative emotional responses, autonomic nervous system responses, or training intolerance responses.

[0100] Example 1: System Overall Structure and Numbering Process Description

[0101] like Figure 1 As shown, the system centers on the user / subject 103. The PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation module 101 and the odor training module 102 provide acoustic-electric stimulation input and olfactory stimulation input to the user / subject 103, respectively. The olfactory recognition results, emotional responses, autonomic nervous system responses, and central rhythmic responses generated by the user / subject 103 are collected by the physiological (HRV / cortical conductance / EEG) feedback acquisition module 104 and the subjective feedback (emotion / aversion rating) acquisition module 105, and transmitted to the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module 106. The AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module 106 generates parameter adjustment suggestions based on the collected data and feeds the adjustment results back to the PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation module 101 and the standardized odor training module 102. At the same time, the training data, risk warnings, and periodic reports are stored in the data management and training report module 107.

[0102] 101 PTC Acoustic-Electrical Pulse Stimulation Module The output of acoustic stimulation and peripheral electrical impulse stimulation can regulate attention, arousal, thalamic-cortical rhythm and limbic system response before, during or after odor training. 102 Scent Training Module It outputs odor training tasks with controllable odor categories, concentrations, and timing, providing olfactory-specific input for olfactory recognition, discrimination, memory, and emotional desensitization. 103 User / Subject It receives olfactory input and acoustic-electric stimulation, producing subjective odor judgment, emotional response, autonomic nervous system response and central nervous system rhythm changes. 104 Physiological (HRV / skin conductance / EEG) feedback acquisition module Objective physiological feedback such as HRV, skin conductance, EEG, respiration, and sleep is collected to assess the state of the autonomic nervous system, emotional arousal, and central rhythm. 105 Subjective feedback (emotion / disgust rating) collection module Subjective feedback was collected, including odor intensity, pleasantness, aversion, anxiety level, tolerance, and adverse reactions. 106 AI Personalized Parameter Adjustment Module It integrates subjective and physiological feedback to perform state recognition, patient classification, risk control, and parameter-based decision-making, and provides auditable recommendations to doctors / experts. 107 Data Management and Training Report Module It stores training data, parameter changes, doctor review records, adverse reaction records, and phased training reports, supporting traceability and scientific research statistics.

[0103] The innovation of this embodiment lies in the fact that the system does not perform odor training as an isolated task, but integrates sound-electric joint regulation, odor stimulation, subjective scoring, physiological feedback, AI-assisted decision-making, and doctor / expert review into a closed-loop adjustable assisted rehabilitation workflow.

[0104] Example 2: Closed-loop control process and numbering process description

[0105] like Figure 2 As shown, the closed-loop control process begins with baseline evaluation 201. After generating initial parameters 202, PTC acoustic-electric pulse pre-conditioning 203 is executed first, followed by standardized odor training 204. During or after training, the system collects subjective scores and feedback information such as HRV / cortical conductance / EEG 205, and determines the current training state through AI state recognition 206. Parameter adjustment 207 updates the acoustic stimulation, electrical pulse stimulation, and odor training parameters for the next round based on the recognition results, and simultaneously generates a phased training report 208. Parameter adjustment 207 can return to PTC acoustic-electric pulse pre-conditioning 203 through the feedback loop, forming continuous iterative training.

[0106] 201 Baseline assessment Baseline data were collected, including olfactory threshold, recognition rate, discrimination rate, emotional state, sleep state, tinnitus disturbance, HRV, skin conductance, and EEG. 202 Generate initial parameters Initial acoustic stimulation parameters, electrical pulse stimulation parameters, and odor training protocols are generated based on baseline data and can be submitted for review by doctors / experts. 203 PTC Acoustic-Electronic Pulse Preconditioning Adjusting attention, arousal, thalamic-cortical gating, and autonomic background states before odor training provides a plasticity window for subsequent odor training. 204 Standardized odor training Olfactory recognition, discrimination, memory, or emotional desensitization training can be conducted according to preset categories, concentrations, durations, intervals, and tasks. 205 Subjective scoring + HRV / skin conductance / EEG collection Simultaneously collect users' subjective feelings and objective physiological signals to form the input for AI state recognition. 206 AI Status Recognition Identify the risk of improved sense of smell, low response to training, aversion response, anxiety response, autonomic hyperactivation, or adverse reactions. 207 Parameter adjustment Adjust the parameters for auditory stimulation, electrical stimulation, and odor training, and output suggestions and risk warnings that can be reviewed by doctors / experts. 208 Phase training report Generate training results, risk changes, compliance, physician review records, and recommendations for the next phase of the program.

[0107] This closed-loop process differs from traditional fixed-scent training. Its core feature is that parameters can be updated in each round of training based on changes in the user's condition, and key parameters and risk warnings can be confirmed by doctors, experts, or rehabilitation therapists.

[0108] Example 3: Explanation of Neural Regulation Mechanisms and Numbering Procedures

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, acoustic stimulation and electrical impulse stimulation 301 participate in peripheral cochlear-thalamic-cortical regulation via PTC-related pathway 302, and further affect thalamic-cortical gating regulation 303. This gating regulation can indirectly affect limbic system nodes such as the amygdala 304, hippocampus 305, and hypothalamus 306, thereby regulating odor-related emotions, memory, arousal, and homeostatic responses 307, and ultimately promoting central plasticity enhancement 308 in olfactory training.

[0110] 301 Acoustic stimulation + electrical pulse stimulation It provides cross-modal input sources, with acoustic stimulation mainly involved in auditory afferentization and rhythm regulation, and electrical impulse stimulation mainly involved in peripheral nerve or somatosensory-related regulation. 302 PTC-related pathways: peripheral cochlea—thalamus—cortex This indicates that the peripheral afferent and thalamic-cortical regulatory pathways associated with combined acoustic and electrical stimulation are the entry points for indirect central regulation. 303 Thalamocortical gating regulation It regulates attentional selection, sensory gating, rhythmic synchronization, arousal level, and multisensory integration. 304 Amygdala: Emotional salience It participates in olfactory fear, aversion, alertness, and emotional salience responses, and can serve as a regulatory node for olfactory aversion and olfactory-related anxiety. 305 Hippocampus: Episode of memory It participates in smell-related memory, scene association, and familiarity judgment, and can serve as a regulatory node for the reinforcement and relearning of smell memory. 306 Hypothalamus: Autonomic Nervous / Endocrine It participates in odor-induced autonomic nervous, appetite, sleep-wake and endocrine responses, and can serve as a central linking node for HRV, skin conductance and sleep feedback. 307 Regulation of odor-related emotions, memory, arousal, and homeostasis This indicates that the aforementioned limbic system nodes collectively alter the emotional experience, memory associations, autonomic nervous system responses, and training tolerance evoked by odors. 308 Olfactory training enhances the plasticity of the central nervous system. By regulating the central nervous system, it can improve attentional engagement, tolerance, learning efficiency, and long-term training compliance during odor training.

[0111] This embodiment emphasizes that the combined sound-electric stimulation does not directly repair the peripheral olfactory structures, but rather serves as an auxiliary regulatory means to influence the relevant state of the thalamus-cortex-limbic system, thereby creating a more suitable central nervous system plasticity environment for olfactory training.

[0112] Example 4: Explanation of the Structure and Numbering Process of the Standardized Odor Training Module

[0113] like Figure 4 As shown, the odor training module starts from the odor storage unit 401, selects the odor channel through the odor channel switching unit 402, and then outputs the odor to the nasal output interface 404 through the odor release unit 403. The concentration control unit 405 and the timing control unit 406 control the odor concentration and the presentation time sequence, respectively. The exhaust gas recovery / filtration unit 407 recovers or filters the residual odor after training to reduce odor mixing and cross-interference.

[0114] 401 Odor storage unit Standard odor reagents, personalized odor reagents, or safe / neutral / unpleasant odors are categorized and stored for different training tasks. 402 Odor channel switching unit Switching between multiple odor channels allows the system to select a target odor or odor combination according to the training scheme. 403 Odor release unit The odor is released according to the set flow rate, duration, and output method to ensure that the odor stimulation is controllable, repeatable, and quantifiable. 404 Nose-end output interface The odor is delivered to the user's nose or olfactory sampling location to form a standardized olfactory stimulus input. 405 Concentration control unit Adjust the odor concentration gradient to support low-concentration start-up, gradual enhancement, and safe control for sensitive or uncomfortable patients. 406 Timing control unit It controls the order, duration, interval, and repetition of odor presentation, supporting identification, discrimination, memory, and desensitization tasks. 407 Waste gas recovery / filtration unit Recover or filter residual odors to reduce odor crosstalk, environmental pollution, and the influence of previous odors on the judgment of the next odor.

[0115] The technical advantage of this embodiment is that, through the combined control of odor category, concentration, timing, output and waste gas recovery, odor training is transformed from manual experience-based operation into a standardized or individualized training process that is quantifiable, repeatable, and traceable.

[0116] Example 5: Explanation of AI Personalized Parameter Adjustment Logic and Numbering Process

[0117] like Figure 5 As shown, the AI-based personalized parameter adjustment logic starts with input data 501, and forms a patient state classification 503 through AI feature extraction and state recognition 502. Then, it generates acoustic stimulation, electrical impulse stimulation, and odor training parameters through parameter decision 504, and finally updates the personalized training scheme 505. After the scheme is updated, it can return to input data 501 to form an iterative closed loop.

[0118] 501 Input data This includes olfactory threshold, recognition rate, discrimination rate, odor pleasantness / aversion / anxiety score, HRV, skin conductance, EEG, respiration, sleep, training compliance, and adverse reaction records. 502 AI Feature Extraction and State Recognition Odor response features, autonomic nervous system features, central rhythm features, emotional response features, and training compliance features were extracted from multi-source data. 503 Patient status classification Users are categorized into hyposmia, parsmia, olfactory hypersensitivity, anxiety hyperresponsiveness, sleep disorder, training hyporesponsiveness, or a combination of these. 504 Parametric decision It generates suggestions on parameters such as the frequency, intensity, and rhythm of sound stimuli, the intensity, pulse width, frequency, and location of electrical pulses, as well as the type, concentration, duration, interval, and difficulty of odors. 505 Updated individualized training program Update the parameter recommendations, risk warnings, and training reports to the next phase of the plan, and submit them to the doctor / expert for confirmation before implementation.

[0119] In this embodiment, the AI ​​module is positioned to assist doctors, experts, or rehabilitation therapists in generating treatment plans, identifying risks, optimizing parameters, and managing follow-up visits. The AI ​​output can be manually confirmed, corrected, rejected, and logged by the doctor / expert review module, avoiding the direct equation of AI output with the final medical decision.

[0120] Example 6: Doctor / Expert-Assisted Review and Security Control Process

[0121] The doctor / expert-assisted review module communicates with the AI ​​personalized parameter adjustment module, data and training report management module, and user interaction module. This module displays basic user information, patient classification results, training parameter suggestions, risk levels, adverse reaction records, and interim training reports. Doctors, experts, or rehabilitation therapists can confirm, modify, postpone, terminate, or reject the training plan output by the AI, and generate traceable review records.

[0122] Example 7: Typical Application Scenarios

[0123] Application Case 1: Assisted Rehabilitation Training for Patients with Post-Viral Olfactory Impairment

[0124] Users first undergo a baseline assessment, including baseline records of olfactory threshold, odor recognition, odor discrimination, anxiety score, sleep quality, HRV, skin conductance, and EEG. The AI-based personalized parameter tuning module generates an initial training plan based on the baseline results.

[0125] During training, the system first provides 10–20 minutes of low-intensity PTC acoustic-electrical impulse pre-modulation to regulate attention, arousal, and thalamic-cortical rhythm states. This is followed by 10–15 minutes of standardized odor training, with odor categories including standard scents such as rose, lemon, clove, eucalyptus, coffee, and mint. During training, the system records the user's ratings for the intensity, recognition result, pleasantness, and familiarity of each odor, while simultaneously acquiring HRV, skin conductance, and EEG data.

[0126] If the user's odor recognition accuracy improves and physiological feedback stabilizes, the AI ​​module gradually increases the odor categories and the difficulty of identification; if the user experiences increased anxiety, decreased HRV, or increased skin conductance, the system reduces the training intensity and extends the interval.

[0127] Application Case 2: Odor Aversion Desensitization Training for Patients with Parsnolence

[0128] For patients with parsnolence, the system first screens for safe and mildly unpleasant odors that the patient can accept. In the initial training phase, soothing acoustic stimulation and low-intensity electrical pulse stimulation are used, combined with exposure to pleasant or neutral odors to reduce overreaction of the limbic system.

[0129] As the patient's aversion to safe odors decreases, the system gradually introduces mildly unpleasant odors and monitors the response using HRV, skin conductance, and subjective aversion scores. If the aversion or skin conductance response exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically reduces the odor concentration or switches to soothing acoustic stimulation; if the patient's tolerance improves, the odor complexity is gradually increased.

[0130] This case study can be used to improve the negative reactions of patients with parsnirsimysia to food, living environment, or specific odors.

[0131] Application Case 3: Emotion Regulation Training for Patients with Olfactory Anxiety

[0132] For patients with olfactory anxiety, the system used odor-induced anxiety score, HRV, and skin conductance response as the main regulatory indicators. Before training began, the system administered PTC acoustic-electric pulse stimulation to reduce hypervigilance. Subsequently, progressive exposure training was conducted using safe odors, neutral odors, and mild anxiety-inducing odors.

[0133] The system automatically adjusts the odor concentration, stimulation duration, and acoustic-electric stimulation parameters based on anxiety scores and physiological feedback. If the patient's anxiety score decreases and HRV improves, the AI ​​module gradually increases the training difficulty; if significant anxiety or autonomic activation occurs, the stimulation intensity is reduced and the recovery time is prolonged.

[0134] Application Case 4: Comprehensive Training for Patients with Olfactory Dysfunction Accompanied by Tinnitus or Sleep Disorders

[0135] For patients with olfactory disorders accompanied by tinnitus or sleep disturbances, the system can provide daytime acoustic-electrical-olfactory trimodal training, and low-intensity soothing acoustic stimulation and autonomic nervous system modulation training before sleep. The system records the degree of tinnitus distress, sleep quality, HRV, number of nighttime awakenings, and olfactory training performance the following day.

[0136] The AI ​​module adjusts the training parameters for the next day based on daytime training responses and nighttime sleep data to improve training compliance and central nervous system regulation.

[0137] For example, the range of optional technical parameters includes:

[0138] Acoustic stimulation frequency range: 20 Hz–20 kHz;

[0139] Acoustic stimulus sound pressure level: below the safe hearing protection limit;

[0140] Electrical pulse frequency: 0.1–200 Hz;

[0141] Electrical pulse width: 10–1000 μs;

[0142] Electrical pulse intensity: limited to individual comfort and safety thresholds;

[0143] Odor stimulation duration: 1–60 seconds;

[0144] Odor stimulation interval: 5–300 seconds;

[0145] Single training session duration: 5–60 minutes;

[0146] Training duration: 2–24 weeks;

[0147] EEG sampling channels: single-channel, multi-channel, or wearable EEG acquisition methods.

[0148] The above parameter ranges are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0149] The beneficial effects of the acoustic-electric-olfactory trimodal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system and its individualized control method of this invention are as follows: It combines acoustic stimulation signals, electrical pulse stimulation signals and odor training to form an acoustic-electric-olfactory trimodal joint rehabilitation training mode. Through subjective feedback, physiological feedback, AI individualized parameter adjustment and doctor expert review, a closed loop is formed. It can simultaneously output multi-dimensional evaluation data such as olfactory function, emotional response, physiological feedback and training compliance, and generate differentiated training programs for different user types. It effectively improves the individualization, accuracy, safety and traceability of training programs. It is suitable for auxiliary rehabilitation training of patients with post-viral olfactory dysfunction, hyposmia, parsnipitis, olfactory hypersensitivity, olfactory-related anxiety and low response to olfactory training.

[0150] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system based on sound, electricity, and smell, characterized in that, include: The acoustic-electric combined stimulation module is used to provide acoustic stimulation signals and / or peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals to regulate the central nervous system state related to auditory input, somatosensory input, brainstem regulation, thalamic-cortical gating, cortical rhythm synchronization, attentional arousal state, or limbic system response. The odor training module is used to provide standardized or individualized odor stimulation training programs that are controllable and adjustable. The subjective feedback acquisition module is used to acquire subjective feedback information from users during stimulation and training processes; The physiological feedback acquisition module is used to collect physiological feedback information from users during stimulation and training. The AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module is used to generate or dynamically adjust individualized training plans based on one or more of the following: basic information, subjective feedback information, or physiological feedback information. The doctor / expert-assisted review module is used to display, confirm, correct, reject, or review the classification results, parameter adjustment suggestions, risk warnings, or phased training reports output by the AI ​​individualized parameter adjustment module. Through closed-loop regulation among acoustic stimulation signals, peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals, odor stimulation training programs, and subjective and / or physiological feedback information, a three-modal closed-loop regulation is formed for olfactory function training, odor-related emotion regulation, odor tolerance training, or olfactory rehabilitation auxiliary training.

2. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic-electric combined stimulation module is configured to output acoustic stimulation signals and / or peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals before, during, or after odor training, or during any combination of the above time periods; wherein, the acoustic stimulation signals include one or more of the following: pure tone, complex tone, narrowband noise, broadband noise, amplitude modulation sound, frequency modulation sound, rhythmic sound, natural sound, musical sound, masking sound, individualized sound, soothing sound, alert sound, or acoustic stimulation signals synchronized with the odor training task.

3. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal includes one or more of the following: transcutaneous electrical stimulation, lingual electrical stimulation, periauricular electrical stimulation, concha or tragus region electrical stimulation, trigeminal nerve related region electrical stimulation, vagus nerve auricular branch related region electrical stimulation, facial region electrical stimulation, neck region electrical stimulation, hand or wrist region electrical stimulation, somatic sensory region electrical stimulation, or other tolerable peripheral nerve electrical stimulation signals; the parameters of the peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signal include one or more of the following: stimulation intensity, stimulation frequency, pulse width, waveform, duty cycle, stimulation duration, stimulation interval, stimulation site, left or right side selection, phase relationship, or time synchronization relationship with acoustic stimulation and odor stimulation.

4. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The odor training module includes one or more of the following: odor storage unit, odor channel switching unit, odor release unit, odor concentration control unit, odor presentation timing control unit, nasal output interface, and waste gas recovery or filtration unit; the odor categories in the odor stimulation training scheme include one or more of the following: floral, fruity, resinous, spicy, herbal, food, cleaning, smoky, putrid, warning, life scene, occupational exposure related odors, individualized memory related odors, pleasant odors, neutral odors, or mildly unpleasant odors.

5. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subjective feedback information includes one or more of the following: odor intensity, odor recognition result, odor discrimination result, pleasantness, aversion, anxiety level, familiarity, memory recall level, tolerability, tinnitus disturbance level, subjective sleep score, or adverse reaction record; the physiological feedback information includes one or more of the following: heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate, skin conductance response, electroencephalography (EEG), respiratory rhythm, body movement, blood oxygenation, sleep-related indicators, facial expression, eye movement, pupillary changes, or auditory response.

6. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The AI-based personalized parameter adjustment module includes one or more of the following: a data preprocessing unit, a feature extraction unit, a state recognition unit, a patient classification unit, a parameter decision-making unit, a risk control unit, a report generation unit, and an expert rule base invocation unit. The AI-based personalized parameter adjustment module uses rule-based algorithms, threshold algorithms, machine learning models, deep learning models, reinforcement learning models, Bayesian optimization models, expert systems, knowledge graph models, or combinations of the above models to generate personalized training plans, risk warnings, doctor review suggestions, or dynamic parameter adjustment suggestions.

7. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The patient classification unit is used to classify users into one or more of the following types: hyposmia, anosmia, parsmia, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, olfactory anxiety, sleep disorder, tinnitus, anxiety and depression, low training response, or mixed type. Based on the classification results, corresponding odor training strategies, acoustic stimulation strategies, peripheral electrical impulse stimulation strategies, closed-loop feedback strategies, or physician / expert review strategies are generated.

8. The acoustic-electrical-olfactory three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a user interaction module, which is connected to the data preprocessing unit to obtain basic information about the user.

9. A personalized modulation method for a three-modal closed-loop olfactory rehabilitation system based on sound, electricity, and smell, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the user's basic information; S2. Generate initial acoustic stimulus signal parameters, initial peripheral electrical pulse stimulus signal parameters, and initial odor stimulus training plan based on basic information, and formulate initial individualized training plans. S3. Output acoustic stimulation signals, output peripheral electrical pulse stimulation signals, or execute one or more of the odor stimulation training programs according to the initial individualized training program. S4. Obtain subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback information from users during stimulation and / or training; S5. Identify the user's current state based on subjective feedback information and / or physiological feedback signals; S6. Generate suggestions for adjusting the current training parameters and risk warnings based on the current status, and submit them to the doctor / expert auxiliary review module for confirmation, correction, rejection or record-keeping review; S7. After passing the doctor / expert review or meeting the preset safety rules, generate a phased training report based on the current training parameters and update the individualized training plan.

10. The individualized regulation method for an olfactory rehabilitation system based on a three-modal closed-loop acoustic-electrical-olfactory system according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the user's performance information indicates parsnolence, phantom olfaction, olfactory hypersensitivity, odor aversion, or olfactory-related anxiety, one or more training strategies are employed, including low-intensity acoustic-electrical modulation, exposure to pleasant or safe odors, neutral odor training, progressive exposure to mildly unpleasant odors, odor aversion feedback inhibition, autonomic feedback stabilization, and physician / expert review. When the user's performance indicates olfactory hyposensitivity, olfactory anosmia, or low response to olfactory training, one or more training strategies are employed, including acoustic-electrical pre-modulation, repetitive odor recognition training, odor discrimination training, odor memory reinforcement training, attention guidance training, training compliance feedback reinforcement, or odor concentration gradient training.

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