A continuous filter washing apparatus and method

Abstract

The application discloses a continuous filter washing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of solid-liquid separation and environmental protection equipment. The application aims to solve the technical problems of uneven water distribution, easy formation of washing blind area and large water consumption of the existing belt dewatering machine spraying device. The device mainly comprises a support frame, an overflow pressure stabilizing unit, a flexible uniform distribution water distribution unit and a water supply control system. During work, the washing liquid enters the overflow pressure stabilizing unit to form constant liquid level overflow pressure stabilization, and then enters the lower flexible uniform distribution water distribution unit. The water outlet of the flexible material self-adapts to convert the water flow into a water curtain uniformly covering the full width of the solid material layer under the micro-vibration of the belt. The application not only completely eliminates the flushing blind area, greatly improves the removal mass transfer efficiency of impurities such as chlorine ions in desulfurization gypsum, but also realizes flexible switching of the operation mode through multi-stage independent valve control, has remarkable water saving effect, is resistant to vibration and blockage, and has low maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid-liquid separation and environmental engineering equipment technology, and in particular to a continuous filtration and washing device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In many industrial production processes, such as wet desulfurization in thermal power plants and chemical and metallurgical processes, solid-liquid separation is a crucial step in obtaining qualified solid products. Taking thermal power plants as an example, the desulfurization gypsum produced is an important byproduct, and its resource utilization value is greatly affected by impurities in the gypsum, especially the chloride ion content. If the chloride ion content exceeds the standard, it will severely corrode building materials and steel bars and affect the physical properties of the gypsum.

[0003] Currently, the industry commonly uses single-pipe multi-hole spraying or rigid nozzle rinsing devices for dechlorinating the gypsum solid material layer on vacuum belt dewatering machines. However, in actual operation, this existing technical solution has inherent defects: 1. Uneven water distribution and blind spots in washing: Due to pressure loss along the pipe and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the nozzles, conventional spray pipes often produce water jets in a cone or umbrella shape, resulting in overlapping and blind spots between the spray surfaces. This leads to extremely uneven wetting of the gypsum solid material layer along the belt width, with some areas not being effectively washed and low chloride ion removal efficiency.

[0004] Second, in order to compensate for the poor washing effect caused by uneven water distribution, the overall rinsing water volume is often forced to be increased during on-site operation. This not only causes serious waste of water resources, but also leads to a significant increase in the moisture content of gypsum products, while generating a large amount of washing wastewater, which greatly increases the load and treatment cost of subsequent wastewater treatment.

[0005] 3. Equipment is prone to wear and clogging: Rigid water distributors or nozzles are easily worn down by long-term scouring of water containing solids, and the rigid structure is prone to fatigue failure under the continuous vibration caused by the operation of the belt dewatering machine. In addition, tiny impurities in the water can easily form scale and clog the rigid micropores, further deteriorating the spraying effect.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need in this field for a novel washing device that can break through the hydrodynamic limitations of traditional rigid spray pipes, achieve absolutely uniform distribution of liquid flow, and significantly reduce water consumption while improving the impurity removal rate. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, this application provides a continuous filtration and washing device and method. The main objective is to solve the technical problems of uneven water distribution, blind spots in rinsing, low impurity removal efficiency, high water consumption, and easy clogging and wear of rigid nozzles in existing single-pipe spray devices.

[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a continuous filtration and washing apparatus is provided, comprising a support frame disposed above a conveying device for a solid material layer, and a washing system mounted on the support frame, the washing system comprising: The overflow pressure stabilizing unit is arranged across the width of the solid material layer conveying device. The bottom of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit is provided with an overflow port for receiving washing liquid and forming a constant liquid level. The flexible uniform water distribution unit is connected below the overflow port of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit. The bottom water outlet of the flexible uniform water distribution unit is provided with a water outlet hole, which is used to convert the concentrated liquid flow from the overflow port into a uniform water curtain or water droplet group covering the entire width of the solid material layer. The water supply control system is connected to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit and is used to supply washing liquid to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the washing system is a multi-stage cascaded structure, including at least two stages of overflow pressure stabilizing units arranged sequentially at intervals along the conveying direction of the solid material layer, to continuously wet and wash the solid material layer on the conveyor belt in stages. The multi-stage structure can naturally form a stepped rinsing effect, improving the utilization rate of unit water volume; Below each overflow and pressure stabilizing unit is a corresponding flexible and uniformly distributed water distribution unit to continuously wet and wash the solid material layer on the conveyor belt in stages.

[0010] Furthermore, the water supply control system includes a main water supply pipeline and multiple branch pipelines, each of which is connected to the inlet of the corresponding level of the primary overflow pressure stabilizing unit. Each branch pipeline is independently equipped with a flow control valve to independently open, close, or adjust the washing liquid flow of each overflow pressure stabilizing unit.

[0011] Furthermore, the overflow pressure stabilizing unit has a U-shaped trough structure with a trough width of 40mm-80mm, preferably 60mm. The U-shaped design helps to reduce the turbulence of the water flow and quickly establish a stable static pressure level.

[0012] Furthermore, the flexible uniform water distribution unit is made of flexible elastic material, and its outlet end is made of wear-resistant silicone or wear-resistant rubber; the outlet holes of the flexible uniform water distribution unit are micropores uniformly arranged on the bottom surface of the outlet end, the diameter of the micropores is Φ2mm-4mm, such as the most preferred Φ3mm, and the distribution density is 10 holes / dm².

[0013] Preferably, the overflow pressure stabilizing unit and the flow-through components of the water supply control system are made of corrosion-resistant materials such as 316L stainless steel or fiberglass (FRP) to meet the requirements of corrosive environments such as high chloride ion and weak acidity in desulfurization systems.

[0014] Furthermore, the flexible uniform water distribution unit also includes a rigid frame for supporting the flexible elastic material, and the top of the rigid frame is sealed to the overflow port of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit via a flange.

[0015] Furthermore, the vertical distance between the bottom water outlet of the flexible uniform water distribution unit and the surface of the solid material layer conveying device below is 150mm-200mm. This distance can ensure the stable descent of the water curtain and avoid water droplets splashing.

[0016] Furthermore, according to a second aspect of the present invention, a continuous filtration and washing method is provided, implemented based on the washing apparatus described in any of the foregoing claims, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Start the water supply control system to deliver the washing liquid to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit of the solid material layer conveying device; Step S2: The washing liquid accumulates in the overflow pressure stabilizing unit to form a constant liquid level, eliminating the dynamic pulsation of the water flow. Then the washing liquid flows out through the overflow port at the bottom at a constant pressure. Step S3: The outflowing washing liquid enters the flexible uniform water distribution unit below. The slight mechanical vibration generated by the operation of the conveyor belt is transmitted to the flexible outlet end of the flexible uniform water distribution unit, so that the washing liquid adapts and forms a uniform water curtain or water droplet group through the micropores of the outlet end, covering and penetrating the continuously moving solid material layer below, dissolving and carrying away soluble impurity ions in the solid material layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the washing device includes at least three stages of overflow pressure stabilizing units and their corresponding flexible uniform water distribution units arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the solid material layer. The method also includes an operation mode switching step: Obtain the initial impurity ion content data of the current solid material layer to be washed; When the initial impurity ion content is higher than the first preset threshold, the flow control valves of all three-stage overflow pressure stabilizing units are opened to execute the three-stage continuous immersion washing mode. When the initial impurity ion content is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the flow control valves of the first two overflow pressure regulating units are opened, and the flow control valve of the third overflow pressure regulating unit is closed to execute the two-stage washing mode. When the initial impurity ion content is lower than the second preset threshold, only the flow control valve of the first-stage overflow stabilizing unit is opened, and the flow control valves of subsequent stages are closed to execute a single-stage washing mode.

[0018] Furthermore, the solid material layer is a desulfurized gypsum solid material layer produced by the wet desulfurization process of a thermal power plant, and the impurity ions include chloride ions; after rinsing, the chloride ion content of the solid material layer is reduced to below 500 ppm, and the washing liquid is demineralized water.

[0019] This invention provides a continuous filtration and washing device and method that abandons the traditional pressure pipe jet principle and instead employs a two-stage water distribution mechanism of "U-shaped trough pressure stabilization overflow plus flexible uniform water distribution". The U-shaped trough first eliminates fluid pulsation and uneven dynamic pressure distribution, and the water flows into the flexible water distributor under constant static pressure, thereby forming a "water curtain" covering the entire width of the solid material layer. This physical mechanism completely eliminates rinsing blind spots, ensuring that the solid material layer is fully and uniformly wetted, and greatly improving the mass transfer and dissolution efficiency of soluble ions, such as chloride ions.

[0020] By completely eliminating blind spots in the washing process, every drop of water can participate in effective washing. The multi-stage series arrangement creates a graded continuous wetting effect. Compared to the original spraying method that increases the water volume, the device of this invention can save 30%-40% of water while achieving the same or even better dechlorination effect. The reduction in washing water directly reduces the final moisture content of the solid material layer and significantly reduces the load and energy consumption of the downstream wastewater treatment system.

[0021] The outlet end of the flexible water distributor in this application is made of flexible materials such as silicone or wear-resistant rubber, which solves two major problems: First, the flexible material is extremely difficult to adhere to and form scale, avoiding micropore blockage; second, the flexible outlet end can generate a slight "self-excited oscillation" under the slight mechanical vibration of the vacuum belt dewatering machine, which can not only adaptively adjust the water flow state to make the water droplets finer, but also further shake off potential deposits, avoiding the fatal defects of rigid water distributors that are prone to fatigue wear and blockage, and the equipment can maintain high reliability and stable operation for a long time.

[0022] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, as part of this invention, are provided to further illustrate the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. Clearly, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0024] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the structure of a continuous filtration and washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the structure of a three-continuous filtration and washing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3A flowchart of a continuous filtration and washing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Icon labels: 1. Frame, 2. Support frame, 3. Conveying device, 4. Overflow port, 5. Flexible water distributor, 6. Valve, 7. Overflow trough, 71. Primary overflow trough, 72. Secondary overflow trough, 73. Tertiary overflow trough, 8. Main pipeline, 9. Branch pipeline.

[0026] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Example 1: As Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a continuous filtration and washing device for the efficient and water-saving removal of chloride ions from the solid material layer of desulfurized gypsum in thermal power plants. This embodiment takes the efficient dechlorination operation logic of desulfurized gypsum in thermal power plants as an example: the device is mainly installed on the frame of the vacuum belt dewatering machine in the flue gas desulfurization system.

[0031] In one feasible embodiment, the continuous filtration and washing device system of this application includes: a support frame 2 and a washing system installed on the support frame 2. The washing system is a multi-stage cascaded structure, including at least two stages of overflow pressure stabilizing units arranged at intervals along the conveying direction of the solid material layer. Each stage of overflow pressure stabilizing unit is connected to a corresponding flexible uniform water distribution unit to continuously wet and wash the solid material layer on the conveyor belt in stages. The support frame 2 is made of corrosion-resistant steel, such as corrosion-resistant carbon steel or stainless steel, and is fixed across both sides of the frame 1 of the belt dewatering machine. The support frame 2 is set above the conveying device of the solid material layer, and the installation level error of the support frame 2 is required to be less than 1 mm / m to ensure the absolute level of the liquid level in the subsequent water tank.

[0032] In this embodiment, the washing system includes: 1. A multi-stage overflow pressure stabilizing unit, which is arranged across the width of the solid material layer conveying device. In this embodiment, the multi-stage overflow pressure stabilizing unit adopts a three-stage overflow trough 7, each overflow trough 3 being a U-shaped overflow trough, and the three-stage overflow trough 7 are arranged parallel to the belt conveying direction. The width of the opening of each overflow trough (U-shaped trough) is 60mm. The function of the U-shaped trough is to convert the water with high dynamic pressure and turbulence from the water supply pipeline into a static pressure stable liquid pool. The U-shaped trough has an overflow port 4 for receiving the washing liquid and relying on its own structure to form a constant liquid level to stabilize the outflowing liquid flow.

[0033] II. A flexible, uniformly distributed water distribution unit is connected below the overflow port of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit. The bottom outlet of the flexible, uniformly distributed water distribution unit has an outlet hole to convert the concentrated liquid flow from the overflow port into a uniform water curtain or group of water droplets covering the entire width of the solid material layer. The overflow pressure stabilizing unit has a U-shaped trough structure with a trough width of 40mm-80mm. Specifically, a flexible water distributor 5 is connected below the overflow port 4 of each U-shaped trough structure. This flexible water distributor 5 is made of flexible elastic material, with a rigid stainless steel frame on top to support the flexible elastic material. The top of the rigid frame is sealed to the overflow port 4 of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit via a flange. The outlet face below the flexible water distributor 5 is made of wear-resistant silicone plate. Micropores with a diameter of Φ2mm-4mm are uniformly and densely distributed on the silicone plate.

[0034] III. Water Supply Control System: This system includes a main water supply line 8 and multiple branch lines 9, each branch line 9 connected to the inlet of the corresponding level of the primary overflow pressure regulating unit. Additionally, each branch line 9 is independently equipped with a flow control valve 6 to independently open, close, or regulate the washing liquid flow rate of each overflow pressure regulating unit. In this embodiment, the water supply control system includes a main line 8 and three branch lines 9 connecting to each U-shaped channel. Each branch line 9 is equipped with an independent valve 6, which can be configured as a manual valve or an electric ball valve depending on the actual situation. The entire pipeline and U-shaped channels are made of 316L stainless steel.

[0035] In this embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the operating logic and principle of the continuous filtration and washing device disclosed in this application are as follows: Water supply is started, and water flows into the first-stage U-shaped trough 71, accumulating to form a constant horizontal liquid level. Subsequently, the water flow overcomes the stable static pressure head due to gravity and flows evenly down from the overflow port of the first-stage U-shaped trough 71, entering the flexible water distributor 5.

[0036] Inside the flexible distributor 5, the concentrated water flow is dispersed by a stainless steel frame and then pressed against the silica gel plate at the bottom of the distributor 5. At this time, the micro-vibrations of the system caused by the belt dewatering machine are transmitted to the silica gel plate, causing it to undergo slight elastic deformation and vibration. As the water flows through the micropores, under the flexible vibration and gravity of the distributor 5, it forms an extremely uniform water curtain or cluster of droplets, falling evenly like rain onto the uniformly passing gypsum solid material layer below. This uniform wetting allows the washing water to push downwards like a piston, removing residual chlorine-containing mother liquor from the solid material layer. Chloride ions are carried by the water flow through the solid material layer and removed by the vacuum system at the bottom, resulting in a significant increase in dechlorination efficiency.

[0037] Example 2: Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a washing method using the continuous filter washing apparatus disclosed in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: Step S1: Start the water supply control system to deliver the washing liquid to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit of the solid material layer conveying device; Step S2: The washing liquid accumulates in the overflow pressure stabilizing unit to form a constant liquid level, eliminating the dynamic pulsation of the water flow. Then the washing liquid flows out through the overflow port at the bottom at a constant pressure. Step S3: The outflowing washing liquid enters the flexible uniform water distribution unit below. The slight mechanical vibration generated by the conveyor belt is transmitted to the flexible outlet end of the flexible uniform water distribution unit, so that the washing liquid can adaptively adjust through the micropores of the outlet end and form a uniform water curtain or water droplet group, covering and penetrating the continuously moving solid material layer below, dissolving and carrying away soluble impurity ions in the solid material layer.

[0038] In this embodiment, the washing device includes at least three overflow pressure stabilizing units and their corresponding flexible uniform water distribution units arranged sequentially along the solid material layer conveying direction. The method also includes an operation mode switching step: obtaining the initial impurity ion content data of the current solid material layer to be washed. When the initial impurity ion content is higher than the first preset threshold, the flow control valves of all three-stage overflow pressure stabilizing units are opened to execute the three-stage continuous immersion washing mode. The three-stage overflow pressure stabilizing units include a first-stage overflow tank 71, a second-stage overflow tank 72, and a third-stage overflow tank 73. When the initial impurity ion content is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the flow control valves of the first-stage overflow tank 71 and the second-stage overflow tank 72 are opened, and the flow control valve of the third-stage overflow tank 73 is closed to execute the dual-stage washing mode. When the initial impurity ion content is lower than the second preset threshold, only the flow control valve of the first-stage overflow stabilizing unit, namely the first-stage overflow tank 71, is opened, while the flow control valves of the second-stage overflow tank 72 and the third-stage overflow tank 73 are closed, and a single-stage washing mode is executed.

[0039] In this embodiment, the solid material layer is the desulfurization gypsum solid material layer produced by the wet desulfurization process of a thermal power plant, and the impurity ions include chloride ions; After rinsing, the chloride ion content of the solid material layer drops to below 500 ppm, and the washing solution is demineralized water.

[0040] Example 3: This example is a further refinement of Example 2. This example uses a vacuum belt dewatering machine for boiler #5 of a power generation company, such as Guoneng Jiujiang Power Generation Co., Ltd., with a belt width of 2.2m as the specific application scenario. Specific dimensions and parameters: After the support frame 2 is fixed, three-stage 316L stainless steel U-shaped troughs are installed along the belt conveying direction at a center-to-center distance of approximately 600mm. The length of the U-shaped trough is 2.2m, the same width as the belt, and the trough opening is 60mm wide. On the silicone plate of the flexible water distributor 5, Φ3mm water outlet holes are evenly opened at a density of 10 holes / dm².

[0041] The water supply control system uses a DN80 main inlet pipe, branching into three DN50 branch pipes. Each branch pipe is equipped with a DN50 316L stainless steel ball valve. During commissioning, the distance between the outlet of the flexible manifold 5 and the gypsum board belt below must be strictly controlled between 150mm and 200mm. Too high a distance may cause the water flow to deviate due to crosswinds, while too low a distance may scrape the solid material layer.

[0042] In this embodiment, during normal high-load operation, all three valves are opened, and demineralized water with chloride ion concentration ≤50mg / L is injected into the three-stage U-shaped tank. The inlet water pressure is maintained at 0.3MPa-0.5MPa, and there is no splashing in the system. Actual sampling and testing show that after rinsing with the device of this invention, the chloride ion content of the gypsum solid material layer has decreased significantly from 1900ppm-2000ppm in the original spray pipe method to 405ppm, which is far superior to the standard of high-quality building gypsum. The final moisture content of the gypsum solid material layer has stabilized at 13.5% from its original high state. The overall rinsing water consumption is reduced by approximately 35% compared to before the modification.

[0043] In one feasible implementation, the operator dynamically adjusts the unit based on the test results of the actual upstream desulfurization tower slurry: (1) Three-stage full load mode: When the chloride ion content of the upstream gypsum raw material is extremely high, such as greater than 1500ppm, the three-stage U-shaped tank is fully filled with water to ensure that the product meets the standards.

[0044] (2) Two-stage energy saving mode: When the coal is of good quality and the chloride ion content of the gypsum raw material is moderate, such as 1000-1500ppm, the water inlet valve of the third stage U-shaped tank is closed, and only the first two stages are run. Under the premise of ensuring that the final chloride ion is less than 500ppm, water is saved by about 33%.

[0045] (3) Single-stage extreme water-saving mode: When the chloride ion content of gypsum raw materials is low, such as <1000ppm, only the first-stage U-shaped tank 71 inlet valve is opened to achieve on-demand water supply and maximize water conservation.

[0046] In this application, the multi-stage series structure can naturally form a gradient washing effect similar to countercurrent rinsing during actual operation. That is, the first stage of washing removes most of the high-concentration chloride ions, and the latter two stages use clean water for deep "rinsing", ensuring the maximum impurity removal utilization rate per unit volume of water.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-described technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. The implementation schemes in the above embodiments can also be further combined or replaced. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous filtration and washing device, characterized in that, The system includes a support frame positioned above a conveying device for a layer of solid materials, and a washing system mounted on the support frame. The washing system includes: The overflow pressure stabilizing unit is arranged across the width of the conveying device that spans the solid material layer. The bottom of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit is provided with an overflow port for receiving washing liquid and forming a constant liquid level. The flexible uniform water distribution unit is connected below the overflow port of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit. The bottom water outlet of the flexible uniform water distribution unit is provided with a water outlet hole, which is used to convert the concentrated liquid flow from the overflow port into a uniform water curtain or water droplet group covering the entire width of the solid material layer. The water supply control system is connected to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit and is used to supply washing liquid to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit.

2. The washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The washing system is a multi-stage cascaded structure, including at least two overflow stabilizing units arranged sequentially at intervals along the solid material layer conveying direction; Below each overflow and pressure stabilizing unit is a corresponding flexible and uniformly distributed water distribution unit to continuously wet and wash the solid material layer on the conveyor belt in stages.

3. The washing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water supply control system includes a main water supply pipeline and multiple branch pipelines, each of which is connected to the inlet of the corresponding level of the primary overflow pressure stabilizing unit. Each branch pipeline is independently equipped with a flow control valve to independently open, close, or adjust the washing liquid flow of each overflow pressure stabilizing unit.

4. The washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow voltage regulator unit has a U-shaped groove structure with a groove width of 40mm-80mm.

5. The washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible uniform water distribution unit is made of flexible elastic material, and its outlet end is made of wear-resistant silicone or wear-resistant rubber. The outlet holes of the flexible uniform water distribution unit are micropores evenly arranged on the bottom surface of the outlet end, and the diameter of the micropores is Φ2mm-4mm.

6. The washing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flexible uniform water distribution unit also includes a rigid frame for supporting the flexible elastic material. The top of the rigid frame is sealed to the overflow port of the overflow pressure stabilizing unit via a flange.

7. The washing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical distance between the bottom water outlet of the flexible uniform water distribution unit and the surface of the solid material layer conveying device below is 150mm-200mm.

8. A continuous filtration and washing method, characterized in that, Based on the washing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, the process includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the water supply control system to deliver the washing liquid to the overflow pressure stabilizing unit of the solid material layer conveying device; Step S2: The washing liquid accumulates in the overflow pressure stabilizing unit to form a constant liquid level, eliminating the dynamic pulsation of the water flow. Then the washing liquid flows out through the overflow port at the bottom at a constant pressure. Step S3: The outflowing washing liquid enters the flexible uniform water distribution unit below. The slight mechanical vibration generated by the operation of the conveyor belt is transmitted to the flexible outlet end of the flexible uniform water distribution unit, so that the washing liquid adapts and forms a uniform water curtain or water droplet group through the micropores of the outlet end, covering and penetrating the continuously moving solid material layer below, dissolving and carrying away soluble impurity ions in the solid material layer.

9. The washing method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The washing device includes at least three overflow pressure stabilizing units and their corresponding flexible uniform water distribution units arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the solid material layer. The method also includes an operation mode switching step. Obtain the initial impurity ion content data of the current solid material layer to be washed; When the initial impurity ion content is higher than the first preset threshold, the flow control valves of all three-stage overflow pressure stabilizing units are opened to execute the three-stage continuous immersion washing mode. When the initial impurity ion content is between the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold, the flow control valves of the first two overflow pressure regulating units are opened, and the flow control valve of the third overflow pressure regulating unit is closed to execute the two-stage washing mode. When the initial impurity ion content is lower than the second preset threshold, only the flow control valve of the first-stage overflow stabilizing unit is opened, and the flow control valves of subsequent stages are closed to execute a single-stage washing mode.

10. The efficient washing method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The solid material layer is a layer of desulfurized gypsum solid material produced by the wet desulfurization process in thermal power plants, and the impurity ions include chloride ions; After rinsing, the chloride ion content of the solid material layer drops to below 500 ppm, and the washing solution is demineralized water.

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