A waste gas treatment device and method for activated carbon rotating wheel catalytic oxidation in preparation of B4C

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of industrial waste gas treatment, and discloses a waste gas treatment device and method for activated carbon rotating wheel catalytic oxidation in B4C preparation, the waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotating wheel catalytic oxidation in B4C preparation, comprising: an electric arc furnace, the gas outlet end of the electric arc furnace is connected with a cyclone dust removal device; the gas outlet end of the cyclone dust removal device is connected with a pretreatment device; the gas outlet end of the pretreatment device is connected with an activated carbon rotating wheel adsorption device and a catalytic oxidation device; through the gradient cooperation of the cyclone dust removal device and the pretreatment filter plate, large particle boride dust and fine particulate matter (PM) are efficiently separated and removed, effectively avoiding the high-hardness dust from impacting the subsequent equipment and blocking the honeycomb micropores of the activated carbon rotating wheel structure, significantly improving the stability of system operation and the service life of core components, and the activated carbon rotating wheel structure continuously rotates at 1-6 revolutions per minute to capture smoke dust, acidic gas and volatile organic compounds in the adsorption zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to a waste gas treatment device and method for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation of B4C preparation. Background Technology

[0002] Boron carbide (B4C), as a high-performance ceramic material, is widely used in aerospace, military, metallurgy, wear-resistant materials and other fields. Its preparation process mainly adopts the carbothermic reduction method, using boric acid and coke as raw materials to react in a high-temperature furnace to generate B4C. At the same time, a large amount of industrial waste gas is generated. The waste gas has a complex composition, including boride dust (such as B2O3, elemental B dust), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), trace amounts of toxic gases (such as CO, HCN) and inert gases. It is characterized by fine dust particle size, high viscosity and large fluctuations in pollutant concentration.

[0003] Currently, the treatment of B4C production waste gas mostly adopts the traditional process of "dust removal + absorption", such as bag filter dust collection combined with water spray absorption. However, this process has low removal efficiency for VOCs and trace toxic gases by water spray, which easily leads to difficulties in achieving emission standards for exhaust gas. On the other hand, the wastewater generated by spraying contains borides, which requires additional wastewater treatment, easily causing secondary pollution. Moreover, the system has high energy consumption, is cumbersome to operate, and is prone to secondary pollution during regeneration. At the same time, boride dust can easily clog the pores of activated carbon, significantly reducing the service life of the adsorbent. Activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation technology is a highly efficient waste gas treatment technology with the characteristics of high adsorption efficiency, continuous operation, and low energy consumption.

[0004] Therefore, developing a treatment device and method that is adapted to the characteristics of B4C preparation waste gas composition, can achieve simultaneous and efficient purification of dust, borides, VOCs and trace amounts of toxic gases, and is stable in operation, low in energy consumption and free from secondary pollution has become a key requirement for waste gas treatment in the current B4C industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a waste gas treatment device and method for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation of B4C preparation, overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art, and proposes the following technical solution:

[0006] A waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotary catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C includes: an electric arc furnace, wherein the outlet end of the electric arc furnace is connected to a cyclone dust collector.

[0007] The outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to a pretreatment device.

[0008] The pretreatment device is connected to an activated carbon rotary adsorption device and a catalytic oxidation device at its outlet.

[0009] The outlet of the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device are connected to a waste gas combustion device.

[0010] The exhaust gas combustion device is connected to a blower at its outlet, and the blower is connected to a chimney at its outlet.

[0011] The activated carbon rotor adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device include a fixed cover. The fixed cover is provided with a waste gas inlet connected to the gas outlet of the pretreatment device and a fresh air exchange inlet for introducing cooling air. An activated carbon rotor structure is rotatably installed inside the fixed cover, and multiple catalytic oxidation plates are provided on the gas outlet side of the activated carbon rotor structure.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the cyclone dust collector includes:

[0013] The device housing has an air inlet for a cyclone dust collector connected to the gas outlet of the electric arc furnace at its top, a speed-regulating motor installed at the center of the top, and an air outlet for the cyclone dust collector on the side of the top.

[0014] The device frame is fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the device housing;

[0015] The ash hopper is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the outer casing of the device.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the pretreatment device includes:

[0017] The fixed shell has a pretreatment device inlet at one end that is connected to the outlet of the cyclone dust collector, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas inlet via an L1 adapter pipe.

[0018] Three pretreatment filter plates are detachably snapped into the interior of the fixed housing.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device further include a driving mechanism for driving the activated carbon rotary structure to rotate, the driving mechanism comprising:

[0020] Speed-regulating motor two, installed on the ground or on an external frame;

[0021] The input shaft is connected to the output shaft of the second speed-regulating motor.

[0022] A worm gear, one end of which is connected to the input shaft and rotatably mounted inside the fixed cover;

[0023] The turbine wheel is meshed with the worm gear;

[0024] The connecting shaft is fitted with the turbine wheel via a turbine hub. The connecting shaft is rotatably mounted inside the fixed cover via an angular contact ball bearing and a bearing seat, and is fixedly connected to the activated carbon rotating wheel structure.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the activated carbon rotor structure includes:

[0026] The positioning wheel is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft by a key;

[0027] Multiple mounting plates are radially snapped into the inside of the positioning wheel;

[0028] A honeycomb activated carbon plate is snapped onto the mounting plate;

[0029] The mounting plate has multiple vent holes at equal intervals, and each vent hole is equipped with an airflow regulating component that can automatically adjust the opening degree according to temperature changes.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the airflow regulating component includes:

[0031] The mounting ring is integrally formed on the inner wall of the vent hole, and has slots evenly spaced in the circumferential direction inside.

[0032] A flow guide ring is integrally formed on the inner wall of the mounting ring. The flow guide ring has a hollow conical structure, and its diameter near the air intake direction is smaller than its diameter away from the air intake direction.

[0033] Multiple cylinders are fixedly installed circumferentially inside the mounting plate and located inside the vent holes;

[0034] A torsion spring is sleeved on the cylinder;

[0035] The mounting base is fixedly connected to the movable end of the torsion spring;

[0036] The abutment strip, one end of which is integrally formed with the mounting base, is constantly in a state of compressing the honeycomb activated carbon plate under the action of the torsion spring;

[0037] A triangular block is fixedly installed at the bottom of one end of the abutment strip near the mounting base;

[0038] The pusher has its top end slidably attached to the inclined surface of the triangular block;

[0039] A synchronization ring is fixedly connected to the bottom end of several of the aforementioned pushing components;

[0040] A shape memory alloy drive ring has one end fixedly connected to the mounting plate and the other end fixedly connected to the synchronization ring. When the shape memory alloy drive ring is deformed by heat, it can drive the synchronization ring to move axially, thereby overcoming the elastic force of the torsion spring through the pusher and the triangular block, causing the abutment strip to deflect and thus changing the diameter of the pores in the honeycomb activated carbon plate.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the top of the fixed cover is detachably connected to a cooling air injection device by bolts, and the cooling air injection device is connected to the fresh air exchange inlet.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the outlet end of the fixed cover is detachably connected to the adsorption device cover by bolts, the outlet end of the adsorption device cover is connected to the waste gas combustion device through the L2 adapter pipe, and a sealing gasket is provided at the connection between the L2 adapter pipe and the adsorption device cover.

[0043] A method for using a waste gas treatment device based on B4C-prepared activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: Introduce the dust-laden exhaust gas generated by the electric arc furnace into the cyclone dust collector and use centrifugal force to separate and remove large dust particles from the exhaust gas.

[0045] S2: The exhaust gas treated by S1 is introduced into the pretreatment device, and the fine particulate matter in the exhaust gas is further intercepted and removed by the pretreatment filter plate 3b.

[0046] S3: The waste gas pretreated by S2 is introduced into the integrated activated carbon rotor adsorption and catalytic oxidation device. The organic matter and pollutants in the waste gas are adsorbed and concentrated by the continuously rotating activated carbon rotor structure. At the same time, cooling air is introduced into the fresh air exchange inlet through the cooling air injection device to cool the rotor rotating to the regeneration zone and restore its adsorption performance.

[0047] S4: The concentrated waste gas desorbed from the activated carbon rotor structure enters the catalytic oxidation zone and undergoes catalytic oxidation reaction through the catalytic oxidation plate;

[0048] S5: The waste gas after catalytic oxidation is sent to the waste gas combustion device for final combustion treatment to generate CO2 and H2O. The purified gas is pressurized by the blower and then discharged into the high altitude through the chimney.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, in step S3, the variable speed motor II drives the activated carbon wheel structure to rotate continuously at a speed of 1-6 rpm through a reduction mechanism composed of a worm and a turbine wheel.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0051] (1) By using the gradient combination of the cyclone dust collector and the pretreatment filter plate, large boride dust and fine particulate matter (PM) are efficiently separated and removed, effectively avoiding the impact of high hardness dust on subsequent equipment and clogging of the honeycomb micropores of the activated carbon rotor structure, which significantly improves the stability of system operation and the service life of core components.

[0052] (2) The worm gear mechanism has good self-locking and reduction ratio, ensuring stable rotational speed of the rotor. With the cooling air injection device continuously supplying cooling air, the rotor can be cooled and regenerated online while continuously adsorbing, ensuring long-term, stable and continuous operation of the device, avoiding the disadvantages of intermittent adsorption requiring frequent replacement or shutdown for desorption;

[0053] (3) The device integrates a full-process treatment unit including cyclone dust removal, pretreatment filtration, adsorption concentration, catalytic oxidation and final combustion, forming a complete B4C waste gas treatment chain. After multi-stage treatment, the particulate matter, organic matter and acidic gases in the waste gas are fully converted into CO2 and H2O, and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. The purification efficiency is high and fully complies with the national environmental protection emission standards.

[0054] (4) The aperture automatically changes according to the temperature of the area where the rotor is located. The small aperture in the adsorption zone ensures high adsorption capacity, while the large aperture in the desorption zone promotes dust removal and hot air flow. During desorption, the aperture expands, and the sticky dust that was originally stuck in the aperture is loosened by the expansion of the aperture wall and carried away by the air flow, realizing "thermal expansion self-cleaning". This avoids dust from accumulating and compacting in the aperture for a long time, reduces irreversible blockage, extends the service life of the rotor by more than 50%, and increases the throughput to prevent overheating. This method is driven entirely by temperature changes, has no moving parts, has high reliability, and zero energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 The flowchart shown is a process for a waste gas treatment device and method using activated carbon prepared by B4C rotor catalytic oxidation, as described in Example 1.

[0056] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the cyclone dust collector in Embodiment 1;

[0057] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the pretreatment device in Example 1;

[0058] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device in Example 1.

[0059] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the installation structure of the speed-regulating motor 2 in Embodiment 1;

[0060] Figure 6The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the activated carbon rotor structure in Example 1;

[0061] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the ventilation hole opening structure in Example 1;

[0062] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the abutment strip in Embodiment 1;

[0063] Figure 9 What is shown is Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of region A in the middle;

[0064] Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the mounting base in Embodiment 1.

[0065] In the diagram: 1. Electric arc furnace; 2. Cyclone dust collector; 2a. Speed-regulating motor 1; 2b. Cyclone dust collector outlet; 2c. Cyclone dust collector inlet; 2d. Device casing; 2e. Device frame; 2f. Ash hopper; 3. Pretreatment device; 3a. Pretreatment device inlet; 3b. Pretreatment filter plate; 3c. Fixed shell; 4. Activated carbon rotor adsorption device, catalytic oxidation device; 4a. Bearing seat 1; 4b. Angular contact ball bearing; 4c. Worm gear; 4d. Turbine hub; 4e. Turbine wheel; 4f. Exhaust gas inlet; 4g. Fresh air inlet; 4h. Activated carbon rotor structure; 41. Positioning rotor; 42. Mounting plate; 4 3. Honeycomb activated carbon plate; 44. Ventilation hole; 45. Mounting ring; 46. Guide ring; 47. Cylindrical; 48. Torsion spring; 49. Mounting base; 410. Abutment strip; 411. Triangular block; 412. Pushing component; 413. Synchronization ring; 414. Shape memory alloy drive ring; 4i. Sealing end cap; 4s. Fixing cover; 4m. Connecting shaft; 5. Input shaft; 6. L1 adapter pipe; 7. Cooling air injection device; 8. Adsorption device cover; 9. Sealing gasket; 10. L2 adapter pipe; 11. Waste gas combustion device; 12. Blower; 13. Chimney; 14. Speed ​​regulating motor II; 15. Catalytic oxidation plate; 16. Bearing seat II. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] This invention provides a waste gas treatment device using activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C, such as... Figures 1 to 10As shown, the device includes an electric arc furnace 1, a cyclone dust collector 2 connected to the outlet of the electric arc furnace 1, a pretreatment device 3 connected to the outlet of the cyclone dust collector 2, an activated carbon rotary adsorption device and a catalytic oxidation device 4 connected to the outlet of the pretreatment device 3, an exhaust gas combustion device 11 connected to the outlet of the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device 4, a blower 12 connected to the outlet of the exhaust gas combustion device 11, and a chimney 13 connected to the outlet of the blower 12.

[0069] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cyclone dust collector 2 includes a cyclone dust collector inlet 2c connected to the outlet end of the electric arc furnace 1. The outlet end of the cyclone dust collector inlet 2c is integrally formed with a device shell 2d. A device frame 2e is fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the device shell 2d. A dust hopper 2f is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom end of the device shell 2d. A cyclone dust collector outlet 2b is provided at the top of the device shell 2d. A speed-regulating motor 2a is fixedly installed in the middle of the top of the device shell 2d. The output shaft of the speed-regulating motor 2a passes through the device shell 2d and is located inside the device shell 2d, where a stirring blade is snapped in place (the above belongs to the prior art).

[0070] During operation, the exhaust gas enters the outer shell 2d of the cyclone dust collector tangentially through the air inlet 2c. Under the action of the speed-regulating motor 2a, the internal rotating structure (stirring blade) rotates, generating centrifugal force (the above is existing technology and will not be elaborated on here). Under the action of centrifugal force, large dust particles are thrown against the wall and fall into the ash hopper 2f. The purified gas is discharged from the air outlet 2b of the cyclone dust collector.

[0071] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the pretreatment device 3 includes a pretreatment device inlet 3a connected to the outlet 2b of the cyclone dust collector. One end of the pretreatment device inlet 3a is integrally formed with a fixed shell 3c. Three pretreatment filter plates 3b are vertically snapped into the inside of the fixed shell 3c. The outlet end of the fixed shell 3c is detachably connected to the L1 adapter pipe 6 by bolts.

[0072] The pretreatment filter plate 3b is preferably made of a composite of fiberglass board, foam board and filter bag, which can effectively intercept fine dust and the detachable design makes it easy to replace and maintain regularly.

[0073] During operation, the gas processed by the cyclone dust collector 2 enters the pre-treatment filter plate 3b through the air inlet 3a of the pre-treatment device for further filtration, and the filtered gas is discharged through the L1 transfer pipe 6 connected to the fixed shell 3c.

[0074] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and catalytic oxidation device 4 include a waste gas inlet 4f connected to the outlet end of the L1 adapter pipe 6. One end of the waste gas inlet 4f is integrally formed with a fixed cover 4s. Inside the fixed cover 4s, one end is detachably connected to a bearing seat 4a. Inside the bearing seat 4a, an angular contact ball bearing 4b is connected by a key. Inside the angular contact ball bearing 4b, a connecting shaft 4m is installed by an interference fit. A turbine hub 4d is sleeved on the outside of the connecting shaft 4m. A turbine wheel 4e is connected to the outside of the turbine hub 4d by a key. A worm gear is meshed on the outside of the turbine wheel 4e. 4c, the worm gear 4c is rotatably connected to the two sides of the positioning seat, and the positioning seat is fixedly installed inside the fixed cover 4s by bolts. The top of the fixed cover 4s is located on the side of the turbine wheel 4e close to the turbine wheel 4e and has an integrally formed fresh air exchange inlet 4g. The outer surface of the connecting shaft 4m is located in the middle of the fixed cover 4s and is snapped with an activated carbon wheel structure 4h. The outer surface of the connecting shaft 4m is connected to the fixed cover 4s and is located on both sides of the activated carbon wheel structure 4h. The bearing seat 16 is connected to the fixed cover 4s by a key. The bearing seat 16 is detachably connected to the fixed cover 4s by bolts.

[0075] The top of the fresh air intake 4g is detachably connected to a cooling air injection device 7 (cooling air is injected via an air pump) by bolts. Inside the fixed cover 4s, three catalytic oxidation plates 15 are inserted and installed on the side of the activated carbon wheel structure 4h away from the turbine hub 4d. The catalytic oxidation plates 15 are preferably honeycomb thin plates made of Pt-based or Pd-based catalysts. An input shaft 5 is provided on the outer surface of the fixed cover 4s at the position corresponding to the outer surface of the worm gear 4c. A sealing end cover 4i is installed on the outer surface of the fixed cover 4s and the input shaft 5 passes through the sealing end cover 4i. One end of the input shaft 5 is connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor 14 by a key.

[0076] The outlet of the fixed cover 4s is detachably connected to the adsorption device cover 8 by bolts. The outlet of the adsorption device cover 8 is detachably connected to the L2 adapter pipe 10 by screws. A sealing gasket 9 is provided at the connection between the L2 adapter pipe 10 and the adsorption device cover 8. The outlet of the L2 adapter pipe 10 is connected to the exhaust gas combustion device 11 by bolts. The outlet of the exhaust gas combustion device 11 is connected to the blower 12 through a pipe. The outlet of the blower 12 is connected to the chimney 13 through a pipe.

[0077] Furthermore, such as Figures 6 to 10As shown, the activated carbon rotor structure 4h includes a positioning rotor 41 connected to a connecting shaft 4m via a key. Six mounting plates 42 are fixedly installed inside the positioning rotor 41. The six mounting plates 42 are radially distributed. A honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 is snapped onto one end of each mounting plate 42. Ventilation holes 44 are equidistantly opened inside the mounting plates 42. An installation ring 45 is integrally formed on the inner wall edge of the ventilation holes 44. Multiple slots (six in this application, equidistantly opened along the axis of the installation ring 45) are opened inside the installation ring 45. A guide ring 46 is integrally formed on the inner wall edge of the installation ring 45. The guide ring 46 is hollow conical in shape. The diameter of the guide ring 46 near the ventilation hole 44 in the air inlet direction is smaller than the diameter at the other end. This structure can guide the airflow to be evenly distributed and reduce flow resistance.

[0078] Inside the mounting plate 42, four cylinders 47 are installed circumferentially at the location of the vent 44. Torsion springs 48 are installed on the outer sides of the cylinders 47. The movable end of the torsion springs 48 is connected to a mounting base 49. One end of the mounting base 49 has an integrally formed abutment strip 410. One end of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 has a hole corresponding to the location of the vent 44. The abutment strip 410 is inserted into the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 through the hole and fits against the inner wall edge of the hole. The abutment strip 410 has a rounded corner on the edge facing the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43. The honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 and the mounting plate 42 are connected and fixed by the abutment strip 410. In this state, the abutment strip 410 is in contact with the inner wall of the holes of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 under the action of the torsion spring 48. A triangular block 411 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the abutment strip 410 near the mounting base 49. A pusher 412 is attached to the inclined surface of the triangular block 411. A synchronous ring 413 is connected between several pushers 412. A shape memory alloy drive ring 414 (shape memory alloy is a functional material with temperature memory effect, which can undergo phase change with temperature change and restore a preset shape) is connected to one end of the synchronous ring 413. The shape memory alloy drive ring 414 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 42.

[0079] When the activated carbon rotor structure experiences a temperature rise due to localized adsorption heat accumulation during the adsorption process (4h), the shape memory alloy drive ring 414 installed in this area deforms due to heat, driving the synchronization ring 413 to move axially. The synchronization ring 413 then moves the pusher 412, whose top end slides along the inclined surface of the triangular block 411, generating a component force perpendicular to the inclined surface. This force overcomes the elastic force of the torsion spring 48, lifting the abutment strip 410, thereby increasing the pore diameter of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 and increasing the airflow in this area. With increased airflow, the cooling airflow increases, further improving local ventilation. As the temperature drops, the shape memory alloy drive ring 414 returns to its original shape, the synchronization ring 413 resets, and the abutment bar 410 rebounds and resets under the action of the torsion spring 48. The diameter of the pores decreases. This adaptive adjustment mechanism can automatically balance the temperature and adsorption load of each area of ​​the rotor, prevent local overheating, and ensure that the activated carbon is always in the optimal adsorption temperature range. Furthermore, the pore size expands during desorption, and the sticky dust that was originally stuck at the pore opening is loosened by the expansion of the pore wall and carried away by the airflow, achieving "thermal expansion self-cleaning". This avoids the dust from accumulating and compacting in the pores for a long time and reduces irreversible blockage.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] A method for using a waste gas treatment device based on B4C-prepared activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation includes the following steps:

[0082] S1: In industry, B4C (boron carbide) powder is often prepared by reducing boron anhydride with excess carbon in electric arc furnace 1, which generates industrial waste gas;

[0083] S2: When the above device is working, the production waste gas first enters the cyclone dust collector 2 under the pressure of the blower 12 to achieve efficient separation and removal of large-particle boride dust and raw material reaction impurities, and at the same time initially reduce the dust concentration of the waste gas. Then it enters the pretreatment device 3. The gas passes through the filter plate 3b of the pretreatment device to remove dust and particulate matter (such as smoke, metal oxides and paint mist) in the waste gas, avoid clogging the activated carbon pores or equipment pipelines, and prevent high-hardness particles from causing wear to the fan, heat exchanger and other equipment. The filter plate 3b used in this invention is composed of glass fiber board, foam board and cloth bag.

[0084] S3: The pretreated waste gas is sent to the activated carbon rotor adsorption device and catalytic oxidation device 4 for adsorption treatment. The waste gas is adsorbed in the pores of the activated carbon rotor structure 4h, and after adsorption and concentration by the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43, the smoke, acid gas, volatile organic compounds and unreacted carbon powder and boron oxide particles (such as B2O3 dust) in the waste gas are removed after desorption to form particulate matter (PM). In order to ensure a good circulation adsorption effect of the activated carbon rotor structure 4h, the speed-regulating motor 14 drives the activated carbon rotor structure 4h to rotate continuously at a speed of 1-6 rpm during the adsorption process after deceleration through the worm 4c, turbine hub 4d and turbine wheel 4e. In the fresh air exchange area, the air pump introduces cooling air into the cooling air injection device 7. The activated carbon rotor structure 4h is cooled to a reasonable value in real time in the cooling zone in order to achieve the best adsorption effect of the activated carbon rotor structure 4h, restore the adsorption performance of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the activated carbon rotor structure 4h.

[0085] S4: The desorbed exhaust gas enters the catalytic oxidation zone 4. The gas passes through the catalytic oxidation plate 15. The catalytic plate is mostly a thin plate with a honeycomb structure made of Pt (platinum) and Pd (palladium) base. The gas undergoes a catalytic oxidation reaction to reduce the activation energy required for combustion.

[0086] S5: Finally, after being pressurized and accelerated by the blower 12, the gas enters the waste gas combustion device 11, where it is burned to generate CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water, which in this application refers to water vapor generated after the hydrogen element (from organic matter) in the waste gas is oxidized), and is discharged into the atmospheric environment, thereby achieving the treatment of the waste gas from the preparation of B4C.

[0087] Working principle: When B4C powder is prepared in the electric arc furnace 1 by carbothermal reduction, the high-temperature dust-laden exhaust gas generated is first drawn out and enters the cyclone dust collector 2 through the pipeline. The exhaust gas enters the outer shell 2d of the device tangentially along the air inlet 2c of the cyclone dust collector. Under the action of the speed-regulating motor 2a, the internal rotating structure (stirring blade) is driven to rotate, which generates centrifugal force (the above is existing technology and will not be elaborated on here). The exhaust gas rotates at high speed in the outer shell 2d of the device. Large particles (such as unreacted carbon powder, B4C dust, boron oxide particles, etc.) are thrown towards the wall under the action of centrifugal force and slide down the wall to the ash hopper 2f at the bottom for collection. After primary dust removal, the dust content of the exhaust gas is greatly reduced and discharged from the air outlet 2b of the cyclone dust collector to enter the next processing unit. The purpose of this step is to protect the subsequent equipment from wear by high-hardness particles and reduce the particle load in the exhaust gas.

[0088] After primary dust removal, the exhaust gas enters the fixed shell 3c of the pretreatment device 3 through the L1 transfer pipe 6. The exhaust gas passes through three vertically installed pretreatment filter plates 3b in sequence. These filter plates 3b are composed of fiberglass board, foam board and cloth bag, which can efficiently intercept fine dust, smoke, metal oxide and other particulate matter. Through this step, the fine particles in the exhaust gas are further removed to ensure the cleanliness of the exhaust gas entering the core adsorption unit and prevent the activated carbon pores from being blocked. The clean exhaust gas is discharged from the outlet of the fixed shell 3c and enters the next unit through the pipeline.

[0089] The pretreated exhaust gas enters the fixed cover 4s from the exhaust gas inlet 4f and flows to the adsorption zone of the continuously rotating activated carbon wheel structure 4h. At this time, the speed regulating motor 14 starts and drives the worm 4c to rotate through the input shaft 5. The worm 4c drives the turbine wheel 4e to rotate, which in turn drives the activated carbon wheel structure 4h to rotate slowly at a low speed of 1-6 rpm through the turbine hub 4d and the connecting shaft 4m.

[0090] When the exhaust gas passes through the adsorption zone of the activated carbon rotor structure 4h, the pollutants such as organic matter and acidic gases in it are adsorbed by the pores of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43, thereby achieving exhaust gas purification and pollutant concentration.

[0091] During the adsorption process, if the temperature rises in a certain area of ​​the rotor due to the accumulation of adsorption heat, the shape memory alloy drive ring 414 (which utilizes its characteristic of undergoing a phase change with temperature and restoring a preset shape) mounted on the mounting plate 42 deforms due to heat, driving the synchronous ring 413 to move axially. Through the pusher 412 and the triangular block 411, the spring force of the torsion spring 48 is overcome, causing the abutment strip 410 to deflect. The abutment strip 410 presses the edge of the hole of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43, increasing the hole diameter of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 in that area, thereby increasing the cooling air passage and achieving local rapid cooling. After the temperature drops, the shape memory alloy drive ring 414 returns to its original shape, and the hole diameter decreases. This process automatically balances the temperature and adsorption load of each area of ​​the rotor, preventing overheating failure.

[0092] The rotor rotates slowly, moving the saturated adsorption area into the regeneration zone. The cooling air injection device 7 continuously introduces cooling air into the fixed cover 4s through the fresh air inlet 4g, purging and cooling the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43 that has rotated to the regeneration zone, restoring the adsorption performance of the honeycomb activated carbon plate 43. At the same time, the desorbed concentrated waste gas is carried to the catalytic oxidation zone. This process realizes continuous adsorption and regeneration of the activated carbon rotor structure for 4 hours without stopping the desorption.

[0093] The concentrated waste gas desorbed from the activated carbon rotor structure after 4 hours enters the catalytic oxidation zone within the fixed hood after 4 seconds with the airflow. The waste gas passes through multiple catalytic oxidation plates 15, which are honeycomb thin plates made of Pt (platinum) or Pd (palladium) based catalysts. These plates can significantly reduce the activation energy required for the oxidation and decomposition of organic matter. Under the action of the catalyst, the organic matter in the waste gas undergoes an oxidation reaction at a lower temperature, initially decomposing into small molecules and releasing heat. This step reduces the energy consumption of subsequent combustion and improves reaction efficiency.

[0094] After catalytic oxidation, the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas combustion device 11 through the L2 transfer pipe 10. In the combustion device, the exhaust gas is heated to a higher temperature (usually 700-800°C) to ensure that the residual trace organic matter is completely oxidized and decomposed, and finally CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2O (water vapor) are generated.

[0095] The clean gas after complete combustion enters the blower 12 through the pipeline. After being pressurized by the blower 12, it is discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 13 at high altitude, achieving the emission standard.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it.

Claims

1. A waste gas treatment device using activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C, characterized in that, include: An electric arc furnace (1) is provided with a cyclone dust collector (2) connected to the gas outlet end of the electric arc furnace (1). The outlet of the cyclone dust collector (2) is connected to a pretreatment device (3); The pretreatment device (3) is connected to an activated carbon rotary adsorption device and a catalytic oxidation device (4) at its outlet. The outlet of the activated carbon rotary adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device (4) is connected to a waste gas combustion device (11). The exhaust gas combustion device (11) is connected to a blower (12) at its outlet end, and the blower (12) is connected to a chimney (13) at its outlet end. The activated carbon rotor adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device (4) include a fixed cover (4s), which is provided with a waste gas inlet (4f) connected to the outlet of the pretreatment device (3) and a fresh air exchange inlet (4g) for introducing cooling air. An activated carbon rotor structure (4h) is rotatably installed inside the fixed cover (4s), and multiple catalytic oxidation plates (15) are provided on the outlet side of the activated carbon rotor structure (4h).

2. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone dust collector (2) includes: The device housing (2d) has an air inlet (2c) at the top that is connected to the air outlet of the electric arc furnace (1), a speed-regulating motor (2a) at the center of the top, and an air outlet (2b) of the cyclone dust collector on the side of the top. The device frame (2e) is fixedly installed on the bottom edge of the device housing (2d); The ash hopper (2f) is fixedly installed at the bottom center of the outer casing (2d) of the device.

3. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pretreatment device (3) includes: The fixed shell (3c) has a pretreatment device inlet (3a) at one end connected to the outlet (2b) of the cyclone dust collector, and the other end is connected to the exhaust gas inlet (4f) through the L1 adapter pipe (6). Three pretreatment filter plates (3b) are detachably snapped into the interior of the fixed housing (3c).

4. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 3, characterized in that, The activated carbon rotor adsorption device and the catalytic oxidation device (4) further include a drive mechanism for driving the activated carbon rotor structure (4h) to rotate, the drive mechanism comprising: Speed-regulating motor 2 (14) is installed on the ground or on the external frame; The input shaft (5) is connected to the output shaft of the second speed-regulating motor (14); The worm gear (4c) is connected at one end to the input shaft (5) and is rotatably mounted inside the fixed cover (4s); The turbine wheel (4e) meshes with the worm (4c); The connecting shaft (4m) is fitted with the turbine wheel (4e) via the turbine hub (4d). The connecting shaft (4m) is rotatably mounted in the fixed cover (4s) via the angular contact ball bearing (4b) and bearing seat (4a), and is fixedly connected to the activated carbon wheel structure (4h).

5. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 4, characterized in that, The activated carbon rotor structure (4h) includes: The positioning wheel (41) is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft (4m) by a key; Multiple mounting plates (42) are radially snapped into the interior of the positioning wheel (41); A honeycomb activated carbon plate (43) is snapped onto the mounting plate (42); The mounting plate (42) has multiple vent holes (44) at equal intervals, and each vent hole (44) is provided with an airflow regulating component that can automatically adjust the opening degree according to temperature changes.

6. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 5, characterized in that, The airflow regulating component includes: The mounting ring (45) is integrally formed on the inner wall of the vent hole (44), and has slots equidistantly opened in the circumferential direction inside; The guide ring (46) is integrally formed on the inner wall of the mounting ring (45). The guide ring (46) has a hollow conical structure, and its diameter near the air intake direction is smaller than its diameter away from the air intake direction. Multiple cylinders (47) are fixedly installed circumferentially inside the mounting plate (42) and located inside the vent hole (44); A torsion spring (48) is sleeved on the cylinder (47); Mounting base (49) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the torsion spring (48); The abutment strip (410) is integrally formed with the mounting base (49) at one end. Under the action of the torsion spring (48), the abutment strip (410) is usually in a state of compressing the honeycomb activated carbon plate (43). A triangular block (411) is fixedly installed at the bottom of one end of the abutment strip (410) near the mounting base (49); The pusher (412) has its top end slidingly attached to the inclined surface of the triangular block (411); A synchronization ring (413) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of a plurality of the pushers (412); A shape memory alloy drive ring (414) is fixedly connected at one end to the mounting plate (42) and at the other end to the synchronization ring (413). When the shape memory alloy drive ring (414) is deformed by heat, it can drive the synchronization ring (413) to move axially. Then, through the pusher (412) and the triangular block (411), it overcomes the elastic force of the torsion spring (48) and drives the abutment strip (410) to deflect, thereby changing the diameter of the holes in the honeycomb activated carbon plate (43).

7. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the fixed cover (4s) is detachably connected to a cooling air injection device (7) by bolts, and the cooling air injection device (7) is connected to the fresh air exchange inlet (4g).

8. The waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outlet end of the fixed cover (4s) is detachably connected to the adsorption device cover (8) by bolts. The outlet end of the adsorption device cover (8) is connected to the waste gas combustion device (11) through the L2 adapter pipe (10). A sealing gasket (9) is provided at the connection between the L2 adapter pipe (10) and the adsorption device cover (8).

9. The method of using the waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The dust-laden exhaust gas generated by the electric arc furnace (1) is introduced into the cyclone dust collector (2) and centrifugal force is used to separate and remove large particles of dust in the exhaust gas; S2: The exhaust gas treated by S1 is introduced into the pretreatment device (3), and the fine particulate matter in the exhaust gas is further intercepted and removed by the pretreatment filter plate (3b); S3: The waste gas pretreated by S2 is introduced into the activated carbon rotor adsorption and catalytic oxidation integrated device (4). The organic matter and pollutants in the waste gas are adsorbed and concentrated by the continuously rotating activated carbon rotor structure (4h). At the same time, cooling air is introduced into the fresh air exchange inlet (4g) through the cooling air injection device (7) to cool the rotor rotating to the regeneration zone and restore its adsorption performance. S4: The concentrated waste gas desorbed from the activated carbon rotor structure (4h) enters the catalytic oxidation zone and undergoes catalytic oxidation reaction through the catalytic oxidation plate (15); S5: The exhaust gas after S4 catalytic oxidation treatment is sent to the exhaust gas combustion device (11) for final combustion treatment to generate CO2 and H2O. The purified gas is pressurized by the blower (12) and discharged into the air through the chimney (13).

10. The method of using the waste gas treatment device for activated carbon rotor catalytic oxidation prepared by B4C according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S3, the speed-regulating motor 2 (14) drives the activated carbon wheel structure (4h) to rotate continuously at a speed of 1-6 rpm through a reduction mechanism composed of a worm gear (4c) and a turbine wheel (4e).

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