Particle dispersion and classification device based on mass-to-charge ratio difference

Abstract

The application provides a particle dispersion and grading device based on mass-to-charge ratio difference, comprising an import assembly, a grading assembly and a collection assembly; the import assembly is used for guiding a saturated charged particle airflow; the grading assembly is communicated with the import assembly at the position of the airflow outlet end and can grade the saturated charged particles guided by the import assembly according to the mass-to-charge ratio difference; the collection assembly is communicated with the side of the grading assembly away from the import assembly and respectively collects the saturated charged particles with different particle sizes graded by the grading assembly. By establishing a radial electrostatic field in the grading flow channel, the grading is realized by the principle that the saturated charged particles are differentially offset in the radial electric field according to the mass-to-charge ratio difference. The electric field strength can be continuously adjusted by adjusting the working voltage applied to the first electrode part and the second electrode part, thereby changing the grading threshold and improving the response speed of the grading operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of saturated charged particles and powder particle processing technology, and particularly relates to a particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio. Background Technology

[0002] In fields such as powder engineering and deep space exploration, particle classification among saturated charged particles is a common processing step. Taking lunar exploration as an example, the lunar surface contains a large number of fine lunar dust particles. Influenced by space environment factors such as solar wind, ultraviolet radiation, and cosmic rays, lunar dust usually carries static electricity and exhibits the characteristics of saturated charged particles when moving with air currents.

[0003] There is a practical engineering need to classify charged lunar dust and other particles. On the one hand, charged particles easily adhere to the surfaces of spacecraft or equipment, potentially causing mechanical wear or interfering with normal equipment operation; classifying and screening them helps with subsequent dust protection. On the other hand, lunar dust particles of different sizes are potential raw materials for extraterrestrial 3D printing, mineral extraction, and in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Therefore, effective classification of charged particles entrained in airflow is necessary.

[0004] Currently, conventional powder particle classification technologies mainly include mechanical sieving, inertial classification, and centrifugal / cyclone separation. For micron-sized particles with electrostatic charge (such as charged lunar dust), existing technologies have the following limitations in practical applications: (1) The grading threshold adjustment is not flexible enough. Specifically, the grading particle size of traditional grading equipment is often determined by the physical structure (such as screen aperture, flow channel size, etc.). When the operating conditions change, it is difficult to adjust the grading threshold online, and it usually requires stopping the machine to replace the hardware.

[0005] (2) The output range is limited. Specifically, most conventional grading equipment can only output two types of particles, "coarse" and "fine", in a single processing flow. If it is necessary to obtain particles of different particle size ranges at the same time, multiple devices usually need to be connected in series, which increases the complexity and size of the system.

[0006] (3) Susceptible to interference and charge leakage. Specifically, in complex environments, the trajectory of charged particles is easily affected by external electromagnetic or airflow disturbances, leading to a decrease in classification stability. In addition, when charged particles come into contact with the inner wall of conventional metal equipment, premature charge leakage is likely to occur, thereby weakening the treatment effect based on charge characteristics.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, which can, to some extent, solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this application is to provide a particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, which has an adjustable classification threshold, can output multiple particle grades simultaneously, and has a certain ability to resist interference and suppress charge leakage.

[0009] This application provides a particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, comprising: The inlet component, used to guide the airflow of saturated charged particles, has an airflow inlet and an airflow outlet. The grading component is connected to the inlet component at the location of the airflow outlet end, and is capable of grading the saturated charged particle airflow introduced by the inlet component according to the difference in charge-to-mass ratio. A collection component is connected to the side of the grading component opposite to the inlet component, and collects saturated charged particles of different sizes that are graded by the grading component.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the import component further includes: The air intake pipe has a tubular structure. A first airflow deflector, connected to the air intake pipe, has a gradually expanding structure along the direction from the inlet assembly to the staged assembly, and surrounds a first airflow guiding space; and A first guide cone is disposed in the first guide space; the first guide cone is conformally adapted to the first guide shroud and its size is smaller than that of the first guide shroud, so that a first guide gap with a gradually expanding structure is formed between the first guide cone and the first guide shroud in the direction from the inlet component to the grader component, so that when the saturated charged particle airflow enters the first guide gap through the inlet pipe, it diffuses outward in a peripheral manner, providing a consistent initial position and flow direction for the grader component.

[0011] In the above technical solution, the import component further includes a first flange; The first flange is located on the side of the first guide shroud away from the air inlet pipe, and an annular guide hole is provided at the position corresponding to the first guide gap, so that the saturated charged particle airflow can be guided to the grading component through the annular guide hole.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the import component further includes a shielding strip; Multiple shielding strips are provided, and the multiple shielding strips are spaced apart from each other in the annular guide hole, so that the annular guide hole is divided into multiple guide areas.

[0013] In the above technical solution, the hierarchical component further includes: The first conductor section is connected to the first flange, and a first flow-through hole is provided at the position corresponding to the flow-through area to allow the saturated charged particle airflow to pass through; The support part is connected to the side of the wire part away from the first flange. It has a cylindrical structure and surrounds an installation space that communicates with the first guide hole. The first electrode portion is disposed at the central axis position of the mounting space and extends along the axial direction of the support portion; A second electrode portion, disposed in the mounting space, has a cylindrical structure and is coaxially arranged with the first electrode portion; a graded flow channel is formed between the second electrode portion and the first electrode portion; and The second guide wire is disposed on the side of the support portion away from the first guide wire, and a second guide hole communicating with the graded flow channel is disposed at the position corresponding to the first guide hole. The second guide wire and the first guide wire can respectively supply power to the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion, so that a radially distributed electrostatic field can be established in the graded flow channel. Under the action of the radially distributed electrostatic field, saturated charged particles can generate different radial offsets based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, so as to grade the saturated charged particle airflow.

[0014] In the above technical solution, both the first conductor portion and the second conductor portion include a first insulating support sheet and a second insulating support sheet; The first flange, the first insulating support plate of the first conductor portion, the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion, and the support portion are sequentially connected; the first insulating support plate of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion are provided with first guiding holes at positions corresponding to the guiding area to allow the saturated charged particle airflow to flow into the graded flow channel; the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion is provided with a first conductor groove and a second conductor groove respectively in the radial direction on the side opposite to the support portion, the first conductor groove is provided with a first through hole at the position corresponding to the second electrode portion to allow the conductor to connect with the second electrode portion; the second conductor groove is provided with a second through hole at the position corresponding to the first electrode portion to allow the conductor to connect with the first electrode portion. The support portion on the side opposite to the first conductor portion, the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, and the collecting assembly are sequentially connected; the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion and the second insulating support piece of the first conductor portion are provided with second guiding holes at positions corresponding to the graded flow channels to allow the saturated charged particle airflow to flow to the collecting assembly; the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion on the side opposite to the support portion is provided with a third conductor groove and a fourth conductor groove in the radial direction, the third conductor groove is provided with a third through hole at the position corresponding to the second electrode portion for connecting the conductor to the second electrode portion; the fourth conductor groove is provided with a fourth through hole at the position corresponding to the first electrode portion for connecting the conductor to the first electrode portion.

[0015] In the above technical solution, the support part further includes a support cylinder and an insulating cylinder; The two ends of the support cylinder along its axial direction are respectively connected to the second insulating support sheet of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support sheet of the second conductor portion; The insulating cylinder is disposed between the second electrode portion and the support cylinder; The support cylinder surrounds the installation space that communicates with the inlet component and the collection component.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the first electrode post portion further includes an electrode post and an insulating post; the electrode post is disposed at the central axis position of the installation space; the electrode post extends along the axial direction of the support cylinder, and its two ends along the axial direction respectively abut against the second insulating support piece of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion; a hole extending along its axial direction is opened inside the electrode post, and the insulating post is disposed in the hole; The second electrode portion includes an electrode cylinder disposed in the mounting space. The electrode cylinder is coaxially disposed with the electrode post, and the graded flow channel is formed between the electrode cylinder and the electrode post.

[0017] In the above technical solution, the collection component further includes: The collecting cylinder is connected to the side of the first insulating support plate opposite to the support cylinder via a second flange to the second conductor; the collecting cylinder has a collecting cavity communicating with the graded flow channel, which can collect saturated charged particles with a first preset charge-to-mass ratio; Multiple first guide tubes are provided, and each of the multiple first guide tubes is connected to the collection cavity; The second flow guide cover is disposed in the collection cavity and near the first insulating support sheet of the second conductor portion; the second flow guide cover has a tapered structure along the direction from the support cylinder to the collection cylinder and surrounds a second flow guide space; The second flow-guiding cone has one end fixedly connected to the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, which is opposite to the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, and the other end extends into the second flow-guiding space; the second flow-guiding cone is conformally adapted to the second flow-guiding shroud and its size is smaller than that of the first flow-guiding shroud, so that a second flow-guiding gap with a gradually narrowing structure is formed between the second flow-guiding cone and the second flow-guiding shroud along the direction from the inlet assembly to the grading assembly, so as to collect saturated charged particles with a second preset charge-to-mass ratio; and The second guide tube has one end connected to the second guide shroud and the other end extending to the outside of the collection tube.

[0018] In the above technical solution, furthermore, both the side of the first flange facing the first insulating support piece of the first conductor portion and the side of the second flange facing the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion are provided with limiting grooves for placing sealing rings.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: Firstly, the particle size of traditional mechanical screening and inertial classification devices is usually determined by fixed physical structures such as screen aperture and flow channel size, requiring machine shutdown and hardware replacement when operating conditions change. This application achieves classification by establishing a radial electrostatic field within the classification flow channel. It utilizes the principle that the radial electric force experienced by saturated charged particles in the electric field causes differentiated displacement depending on the charge-to-mass ratio to achieve classification. The electric field strength can be continuously adjusted by regulating the working voltage applied to the first and second electrodes, thereby changing the classification threshold and improving the response speed of the classification operation.

[0020] Secondly, existing conventional grading equipment can mostly only output coarse and fine particles in a single processing flow. If multiple particle size ranges are required, multiple devices need to be connected in series. This application, through the second guide gap structure formed by the second guide hood and the second guide cone in the collection component, can guide particles with different radial offsets into different collection channels, and simultaneously separate and collect particles of multiple particle size ranges in a single process, thus achieving simultaneous output of multiple particle sizes.

[0021] Finally, the cooperative structure of the first guide cone and the first guide shroud in this application ensures that saturated charged particles obtain a consistent initial position and flow direction before entering the classification channel, eliminating the influence of airflow disturbance on the classification results. At the same time, the insulating support sheet and the guide component effectively avoid direct contact between charged particles and the metal wall, suppress premature charge leakage, and ensure that the classification effect based on charge characteristics is stable and reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application; Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the component introduced into the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application from a first-view perspective; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the introductory component in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, viewed from a second perspective; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, with the hidden import component. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first insulating support sheet in the first conductor section of the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure behind the first insulating support sheet that conceals the first conductor section; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second insulating support sheet of the first conductor section in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, viewed from a first perspective. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second insulating support sheet of the first conductor section in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, viewed from a second perspective. Figure 10 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure after the first wire section is hidden and the imported components are introduced; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure behind the hidden collection component and the second guide wire in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application; Figure 12A schematic diagram of the structure behind the first insulating support sheet in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, which hides the collection component and the second conductor section. Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the collection component in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application from a first-view perspective; Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the collection component in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application, viewed from a second perspective; Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged view of point A in the image; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the collection component in the particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio provided in this application from a third-person perspective; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Enlarged view of point B in the image.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1-Inlet component; 101-Airflow inlet end; 102-Airflow outlet end; 103-First guide shroud; 104-Inlet pipe; 105-First guide gap; 106-First flange; 108-First guide cone; 109-Shielding strip; 110-Guiding area; 111-Limiting groove; 2-Grading component; 203-First guiding hole; 204-Support part; 205-First electrode part; 206-Second electrode part; 207-Grading channel; 209-Second guiding hole; 210-First insulating support piece; 211-Second insulating support piece; 212-First wire groove; 213-Second wire groove; 214-First through hole; 215-Second through hole; 216-Third wire groove; 217-Fourth wire groove; 218-Third through hole; 219-Fourth through hole; 220-Support cylinder; 221-Electrode post; 222-Insulating post; 223-Electrode cylinder; 224-Insulating cylinder; 3-Collection assembly; 301-Collection cylinder; 302-Second flange; 303-Collection chamber; 304-First guide pipe; 305-Second guide shroud; 306-Second guide pipe; 307-Second guide cone; 308-Second guide gap. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following detailed embodiments are provided to help the reader gain a comprehensive understanding of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein. However, various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application. For example, the order of operations described herein is merely illustrative and is not limited to the order set forth herein; changes that will be apparent after understanding the disclosure of this application are possible, except for operations that must occur in a specific order. Furthermore, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of features known in the art may be omitted.

[0026] The features described herein may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the examples described herein. Rather, the examples described herein have been provided merely to illustrate some of the many feasible ways of implementing the methods, apparatus, and / or systems described herein that will be apparent upon understanding the disclosure of this application.

[0027] Throughout the specification, when an element (such as a layer, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, "connected to" another element, "bonded to" another element, "on" another element, or "covering" another element, it may be directly "on" another element, "connected to" another element, "bonded to" another element, "on" another element, or "covering" another element, or there may be one or more other elements in between. In contrast, when an element is described as being "directly on" another element, "directly connected to" another element, "directly bonded to" another element, "directly on" another element, or "directly covering" another element, there may be no other elements in between.

[0028] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any one of the relevant items listed and any combination of any two or more items.

[0029] Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe individual components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts, these components, assemblies, regions, layers, or parts are not limited by these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one component, assembly, region, layer, or part from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, the first component, assembly, region, layer, or part referred to as the second component, assembly, region, layer, or part may also be referred to as the second component, assembly, region, layer, or part.

[0030] For ease of description, spatial relation terms such as “above,” “upper,” “below,” and “lower” are used herein to describe the relationship between one element and another, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Such spatial relation terms are intended to include not only the orientation depicted in the drawings but also different orientations of the device during use or operation. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, an element described as being “above” or “upper” relative to another element will subsequently be “below” or “lower” relative to that other element. Therefore, the term “above” includes both “above” and “below” orientations depending on the spatial orientation of the device. The device may also be positioned in other ways (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relation terms used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0031] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing various examples only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” enumerate the stated features, quantities, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, operations, components, elements, and / or combinations thereof.

[0032] Variations in the shapes shown in the accompanying drawings may occur due to manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Therefore, the examples described herein are not limited to the specific shapes shown in the accompanying drawings, but include changes in shape that may occur during manufacturing.

[0033] The features of the examples described herein can be combined in various ways that will be apparent upon understanding the disclosure of this application. Furthermore, although the examples described herein have a wide variety of constructions, other constructions are possible, as will be apparent upon understanding the disclosure of this application.

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the particle dispersion and classification device based on charge-to-mass ratio difference provided in this application includes three functional modules: an inlet component 1 for guiding saturated charged particles, a classification component 2 for classifying particles according to charge-to-mass ratio difference, and a collection component 3 for collecting particles of different sizes. The three components are aligned along the airflow direction (i.e., from...). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The components (from top to bottom) are connected sequentially and detachably via flange structures. During operation, the airflow carrying saturated charged particles enters through the inlet assembly 1, is rectified, and then enters the classification assembly 2. Under the influence of an electrostatic field, the airflow undergoes radial displacement based on the charge-to-mass ratio, and is finally output by the collection assembly 3 according to particle size ranges. The entire device has a compact structure and integrates dispersion and classification functions.

[0036] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inlet assembly 1 includes an inlet pipe 104, a first flow guide shroud 103, and a first flow guide cone 108. The inlet pipe 104 (which has an airflow inlet end 101) has a tubular structure and is used to receive saturated charged particle airflow from an upstream charging device (such as a corona charging device or a triboelectric charging device). The first flow guide shroud 103 is connected to the inlet pipe 104 and has a gradually expanding conical structure along the airflow direction (i.e., from the inlet assembly 1 to the staged assembly 2), and its interior encloses a first flow guide space. The first flow guide cone 108 is disposed within the first flow guide space, and its shape is adapted to conform to the inner wall of the first flow guide shroud 103, both being conical, but smaller in size than the first flow guide shroud 103. Therefore, a first flow guide gap 105 with the same gradually expanding structure (an airflow outlet end 102 is formed on the first flow guide gap 105) is formed between the first flow guide cone 108 and the first flow guide shroud 103. With this configuration, the saturated charged particle airflow entering from the inlet pipe 104 gradually increases in cross-section as it flows through the gradually expanding first guide gap 105, and the airflow velocity decreases accordingly. At the same time, the particles are guided to diffuse outward, which can effectively eliminate the airflow concentration effect caused by the inlet pipe 104, so that the particles obtain a consistent initial radial position (i.e., the annular area near the outer wall) and a roughly uniform axial velocity distribution before entering the subsequent classification component 2.

[0037] It should be noted that the specific cone angle, axial length, and gap size between the first guide shroud 103 and the first guide cone 108 can all be adjusted according to the particle size range of the particles to be treated, the air flow rate, and the required initial airflow velocity distribution.

[0038] In this embodiment, considering the impact of the uniformity of the circumferential distribution of airflow on the grading accuracy, the aforementioned inlet component 1 is further provided with a first flange 106. The first flange 106 is located on the side of the first guide shroud 103 opposite to the air inlet pipe 104 (i.e., the airflow outlet end), and an annular guide hole is formed on its surface at a position corresponding to the outer periphery of the first guide gap 105. This annular guide hole allows saturated charged particles after diffusion and rectification to pass through in the form of an annular cross section and be introduced into the grading component 2.

[0039] Considering that relying solely on the annular guide hole might still result in slight unevenness in the circumferential airflow distribution, the inlet component 1 of this application also includes multiple shielding strips 109. Combined with... Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, multiple baffle strips 109 are spaced circumferentially within the annular guide hole, dividing the complete annular guide hole into multiple independent guide regions 110. This helps suppress circumferential rotation or local eddies that may occur in the airflow within the annular channel, further ensuring that the particulate airflow entering the grading component 2 is uniformly divided circumferentially, making the output airflow state of each guide region 110 tend to be consistent. Furthermore, the number and width of the baffle strips 109 can be selected according to the size of the device, for example, four, six, or eight.

[0040] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2 , Figures 5 to 12 As shown, the grading component 2 includes a first guide wire portion, a support portion 204, a first electrode portion 205, a second electrode portion 206, and a second guide wire portion. The first guide wire portion is connected to the first flange 106 of the inlet component 1 and has a first guide hole 203 corresponding to the aforementioned guide region 110, for receiving and allowing saturated charged particles to pass through. The support portion 204 is connected to the side of the first guide wire portion away from the first flange 106 and has a cylindrical structure, enclosing an installation space communicating with the first guide hole 203. The first electrode portion 205 is located at the central axis of this installation space and extends along the axial direction of the support portion 204. The second electrode portion 206 is also located within the installation space, has a cylindrical structure, and is coaxially arranged with the first electrode portion 205. Furthermore, an annular gap is formed between the inner wall of the second electrode portion 206 and the outer wall of the first electrode portion 205, and this annular gap serves as a grading channel 207 through which the particle airflow passes and grading occurs. The second guide section is located on the side of the support section 204 opposite to the first guide section, and is used to guide the graded particulate airflow to the collection component 3.

[0041] Specifically, the first and second conductive wires supply power to the first electrode 205 and the second electrode 206, respectively, thereby establishing a radially distributed electrostatic field within the graded flow channel 207. Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the first conductor section includes a first insulating support plate 210 and a second insulating support plate 211. The first flange 106, the first insulating support plate 210 of the first conductor section, the second insulating support plate 211 of the first conductor section, and the support portion 204 are connected sequentially. The first insulating support plate 210 and the second insulating support plate 211 of the first conductor section have first conductive holes 203 at positions corresponding to the current-conducting region 110. For arranging high-voltage leads, the second insulating support plate 211 of the first conductor section has a first conductor groove 212 and a second conductor groove 213 radially formed on the side opposite to the support portion 204. The first conductor groove 212 has a first through hole 214 for the conductor to pass through at the position corresponding to the second electrode portion 206 (outer electrode); the second conductor groove 213 has a second through hole 215 for the conductor to pass through at the position corresponding to the first electrode portion 205 (inner electrode). Similarly, the second conductor section also includes a first insulating support plate 210 and a second insulating support plate 211. The support portion 204, the side opposite to the first conductor portion, the second insulating support piece 211 of the second conductor portion, the first insulating support piece 210 of the second conductor portion, and the collecting assembly 3 are sequentially connected. The first insulating support piece 210 and the second insulating support piece 211 of the second conductor portion have second guiding holes 209 at positions corresponding to the grading channel 207, for allowing particles after grading to pass through. Additionally, the second insulating support piece 211 of the second conductor portion has a third conductor groove 216 and a fourth conductor groove 217 radially formed on the side opposite to the support portion 204, and these grooves are respectively connected to the conductors of the outer electrode cylinder 223 and the inner electrode post 221 through third through holes 218 and fourth through holes 219. By providing conductor grooves on the insulating support pieces, high-voltage leads can be neatly embedded within them, avoiding electric field interference from the high-voltage lines. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the conductor groove can be semi-circular or rectangular, and its depth is preferably set to be equivalent to or slightly larger than the conductor diameter to ensure that the conductor is installed securely and does not affect the sealing fit between the support piece and the adjacent flange surface.

[0042] Specifically, the support portion 204 includes a support cylinder 220 and an insulating cylinder 224. The support cylinder 220, as a mechanical load-bearing component, has its two ends connected along its axis to the second insulating support plate 211 of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support plate 211 of the second conductor portion, respectively. The insulating cylinder 224 is disposed between the second electrode portion 206 (outer electrode cylinder 223) and the support cylinder 220. The installation space enclosed by the support cylinder 220 is used to accommodate the first electrode portion 205 and the second electrode portion 206, and is connected to the inlet assembly 1 and the collection assembly 3. The insulating cylinder 224 effectively isolates the high-voltage second electrode portion 206 (outer electrode cylinder 223) from the outer support cylinder 220, preventing high-voltage leakage or breakdown. Furthermore, the insulating cylinder 224 (made of insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene) itself possesses excellent electromagnetic shielding characteristics, significantly attenuating electromagnetic interference from the external environment, ensuring the stability and uniformity of the radial electrostatic field within the grading channel 207, thereby improving grading accuracy. Furthermore, the insulating cylinder 224 also isolates the metal wall of the support cylinder 220 from contact with charged particles, preventing premature charge leakage from the charged particles on the metal wall. Optionally, the support cylinder 220 can be made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

[0043] Specifically, in combination Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the first electrode section 205 includes an electrode post 221 and an insulating post 222. The electrode post 221 is located at the central axis of the installation space and extends along the axial direction of the support cylinder 220. Its two ends respectively abut against the second insulating support plate 211 of the first conductor section and the second insulating support plate 211 of the second conductor section, thereby achieving axial positioning. A through hole extending along its axial direction is opened inside the electrode post 221, and the insulating post 222 is disposed in the through hole. The insulating post 222 effectively prevents accidental discharge between the high-voltage lead and the inner wall of the electrode post 221.

[0044] Specifically, still combined Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the second electrode section 206 includes an electrode cylinder 223 disposed in the mounting space. The electrode cylinder 223 and the electrode post 221 are coaxially arranged, and the annular space formed between them is the grading channel 207. Both the electrode post 221 and the electrode cylinder 223 are made of copper, a material with good electrical conductivity, to ensure the uniformity of the electric field distribution. In addition, the diameter of the electrode post 221, the inner diameter of the electrode cylinder 223, and their axial length (i.e., the effective height L of the electrode) jointly determine the size and electric field characteristics of the grading channel 207. These dimensional parameters can be set according to the particle size range and charge-to-mass ratio distribution of the particles to be graded. For example, a configuration of 10 mm inner electrode post diameter, 60 mm outer electrode cylinder inner diameter, and 200 mm effective height can be used.

[0045] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 2 , Figures 13 to 17 As shown, the collecting assembly 3 includes a collecting cylinder 301, a first guide pipe 304, a second guide shroud 305, a second guide cone 307, and a second guide pipe 306. The collecting cylinder 301 is connected to the side of the first insulating support plate 210 of the second conductor section away from the support cylinder 220 via a second flange 302. The collecting cylinder 301 has a collecting cavity 303 inside, used to collect saturated charged particles with a first preset charge-to-mass ratio (i.e., a large radial offset), which are typically small particles. Multiple first guide pipes 304 are respectively connected to the collecting cavity 303, used to output the collected fine particles to the outside of the device. The second guide shroud 305 is disposed inside the collecting cavity 303 and near the first insulating support plate 210 of the second conductor section. Its shape is a tapered structure that gradually narrows along the airflow direction (from the support cylinder 220 to the collecting cylinder 301), and its interior surrounds a second guide space. One end of the second guide cone 307 is fixedly connected to the first insulating support piece 210 of the second conductor section, and the other end extends into the second guide space. The second guide cone 307 is conformally adapted to the second guide shroud 305, and its size is smaller than that of the second guide shroud 305, thereby forming a second guide gap 308 with a gradually narrowing structure along the airflow direction between them. This gradually narrowing structure is used to collect saturated charged particles with a second preset charge-to-mass ratio (i.e., smaller radial displacement), i.e., larger particle size. After these particles are collected through the second guide gap 308, they are discharged to the outside of the collection cylinder 301 through the second guide pipe 306 connected to the second guide shroud 305. Small particles with large radial displacement directly enter the collection cavity 303 in the central region, while large particles with small radial displacement are captured by the second guide shroud 305, realizing the synchronous diversion of the two types of particles.

[0046] It should also be noted that this application provides a three-way structure consisting of a central collecting pipe (i.e., the central channel of the collecting cylinder 301) and two eccentric collecting pipes (i.e., the second guide pipes 306). In practical applications, the diversion collecting structure can be modified in various ways depending on the required number of particle size ranges. For example, a four-way structure can be adopted, that is, a central collecting pipe and three annular collecting channels at different radial positions are set, each channel corresponding to a specific radial displacement range.

[0047] In this embodiment, to ensure the airtightness and electric field stability of the device and to further suppress charge leakage, both the side of the first flange 106 facing the first insulating support plate 210 of the first conductor section and the side of the second flange 302 facing the first insulating support plate 210 of the second conductor section are provided with limiting grooves 111 for placing sealing rings. The provision of sealing rings (e.g., O-rings) ensures the airtightness of the connections between components and prevents airflow leakage from affecting the grading accuracy.

[0048] Based on the above structure, the working principle of this application can be deduced as follows: The electric field between the coaxial cylindrical electrodes is not uniformly distributed radially, as shown in formula (1): (1) in, Operating voltage , These are the radius of the electrode post and the inner radius of the electrode cylinder, respectively. For radial coordinates.

[0049] For field-induced saturated charged particles, their saturation charge is proportional to the particle surface area, as shown in formula (2): (2) Right now ,in, This refers to the saturation charge of the particles. This refers to the applied electric field strength. It refers to the vacuum permittivity. This refers to the relative permittivity of particulate materials. This refers to the radius of the particle. It refers to a dimensionless coefficient.

[0050] The mass of a particle is proportional to its volume, as shown in formula (3): (3) in, This refers to the density of granular materials. This refers to the particle mass, therefore the particle charge-to-mass ratio is approximately inversely proportional to its characteristic radius, as shown in formula (4): (4) Charged particles experience an electric force pointing towards the axis in a radial electric field and acquire radial acceleration, as shown in formula (5): (5) in, It refers to the radial electric field force. This refers to the net charge of the particles. This refers to the radial electric field strength. This refers to radial acceleration. It refers to the charge-to-mass ratio.

[0051] Let the effective height of the electrode be... The axial velocity of the particles is Then, its residence time in the electric field section is as shown in formula (6): (6) The corresponding radial displacement is shown in formula (7): (7).

[0052] It is evident that smaller particles have a higher charge-to-mass ratio and greater radial displacement. After entering from the annular zone close to the outer wall, particles deflect towards the axis, with the amount of deflection increasing with the charge-to-mass ratio. Therefore, upon reaching the outlet, particles are separated radially according to their size: the smallest particles with the largest deflection are collected by the second guide tube, while the larger particles with smaller deflections are collected by the first guide tube, achieving multi-level synchronous classification. The classification threshold is continuously adjusted by changing the operating voltage U. When particles are under unsaturated charging, induced charging, or other mechanisms, this device can also classify them based on their charge-to-mass ratio differences.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, after the particle enters the electric field gradation section from the annular region close to the outer wall, it is subjected to an electric force pointing towards the axis under the action of the radial electric field between the inner and outer electrodes, generating a radial acceleration proportional to the charge-to-mass ratio. Under saturated charge conditions, the charge-to-mass ratio is inversely proportional to the particle radius ( Therefore, the particle residence time radial displacement within Therefore, small-diameter particles (high charge-to-mass ratio) deflect more and eventually enter the central collection tube (401), while large-diameter particles (low charge-to-mass ratio) deflect less and enter the second guide tube, thus achieving multi-level synchronous classification according to particle size; changing the operating voltage It can be changed in real time and This allows for continuous adjustment of the grading threshold. Simultaneously, the agglomerates experience differentiated electric forces due to the varying mass-charge ratios of their constituent particles upon entering the electric field, which also aids in the deagglomeration and dispersion of the agglomerates.

[0054] In summary, this application achieves classification by establishing a radial electrostatic field within the classification channel and utilizing the principle that the radial electric force experienced by saturated charged particles in the electric field causes differential displacement depending on the charge-to-mass ratio. The electric field strength can be continuously adjusted by simply adjusting the working voltage applied to the first electrode and the second electrode, thereby changing the classification threshold and improving the response speed of the classification operation.

[0055] Secondly, by using the second guide gap structure formed by the second guide shroud and the second guide cone in the collection component, this application can guide particles with different radial offsets into different collection channels, and simultaneously separate and collect particles of multiple particle size ranges in one process, thus achieving simultaneous output of multiple particle sizes.

[0056] Finally, the cooperative structure of the first guide cone and the first guide shroud in this application ensures that saturated charged particles obtain a consistent initial position and flow direction before entering the classification channel, eliminating the influence of airflow disturbance on the classification results. At the same time, the insulating support sheet and the guide component effectively avoid direct contact between charged particles and the metal wall, suppress premature charge leakage, and ensure that the classification effect based on charge characteristics is stable and reliable.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, characterized in that, include: An inlet component is used to guide the airflow of saturated charged particles, and it has an airflow inlet end and an airflow outlet end. The grading component is connected to the inlet component at the location of the airflow outlet end, and is capable of grading the saturated charged particle airflow introduced by the inlet component according to the difference in charge-to-mass ratio. A collection component is connected to the side of the grading component opposite to the inlet component, and collects saturated charged particles of different sizes that are graded by the grading component.

2. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that, The import component includes: The air intake pipe has a tubular structure. A first airflow deflector, connected to the air intake pipe, has a gradually expanding structure along the direction from the inlet assembly to the staged assembly, and surrounds a first airflow guiding space; and A first guide cone is disposed in the first guide space; the first guide cone is conformally adapted to the first guide shroud and its size is smaller than that of the first guide shroud, so that a first guide gap with a gradually expanding structure is formed between the first guide cone and the first guide shroud in the direction from the inlet component to the grader component, so that when the saturated charged particle airflow enters the first guide gap through the air inlet pipe, it diffuses outward in a peripheral manner, providing a consistent initial position and flow direction for the grader component.

3. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that, The import component also includes a first flange; The first flange is located on the side of the first guide shroud away from the air inlet pipe, and an annular guide hole is provided at the position corresponding to the first guide gap, so that the saturated charged particle airflow can be guided to the grading component through the annular guide hole.

4. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 3, characterized in that, The import component also includes a masking strip; Multiple shielding strips are provided, and the multiple shielding strips are spaced apart from each other in the annular guide hole, so that the annular guide hole is divided into multiple guide areas.

5. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hierarchical component includes: The first conductor section is connected to the first flange, and a first flow-through hole is provided at the position corresponding to the flow-through area to allow the saturated charged particle airflow to pass through; The support part is connected to the side of the wire part away from the first flange. It has a cylindrical structure and surrounds an installation space that communicates with the first guide hole. The first electrode portion is disposed at the central axis position of the mounting space and extends along the axial direction of the support portion; A second electrode portion, disposed in the mounting space, has a cylindrical structure and is coaxially arranged with the first electrode portion; a graded flow channel is formed between the second electrode portion and the first electrode portion; and The second guide wire is disposed on the side of the support portion away from the first guide wire, and a second guide hole communicating with the graded flow channel is disposed at the position corresponding to the first guide hole. The second guide wire and the first guide wire can respectively supply power to the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion, so that a radially distributed electrostatic field can be established in the graded flow channel. Under the action of the radially distributed electrostatic field, the saturated charged particle airflow can generate different radial offsets based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio, so as to grade the saturated charged particle airflow.

6. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the first conductor portion and the second conductor portion include a first insulating support sheet and a second insulating support sheet; The first flange, the first insulating support plate of the first conductor portion, the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion, and the support portion are connected sequentially; the first insulating support plate of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion are provided with first guiding holes at positions corresponding to the guiding area for the saturated charged particle airflow to flow into the graded flow channel; the second insulating support plate of the first conductor portion is provided with a first conductor groove and a second conductor groove respectively in the radial direction on the side opposite to the support portion, and the first conductor groove is provided with a first through hole at the position corresponding to the second electrode portion for connecting the conductor to the second electrode portion; The second wire groove has a second through hole at the position corresponding to the first electrode part, for the wire to connect to the first electrode part; The support portion on the side opposite to the first conductor portion, the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, and the collecting assembly are sequentially connected; the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion and the second insulating support piece of the first conductor portion are provided with second guiding holes at positions corresponding to the graded flow channels to allow the saturated charged particle airflow to flow to the collecting assembly; the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion on the side opposite to the support portion is provided with a third conductor groove and a fourth conductor groove in the radial direction, the third conductor groove is provided with a third through hole at the position corresponding to the second electrode portion for connecting the conductor to the second electrode portion; the fourth conductor groove is provided with a fourth through hole at the position corresponding to the first electrode portion for connecting the conductor to the first electrode portion.

7. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 6, characterized in that, The support portion includes a support cylinder and an insulating cylinder; The two ends of the support cylinder along its axial direction are respectively connected to the second insulating support sheet of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support sheet of the second conductor portion; The insulating cylinder is disposed between the second electrode portion and the support cylinder; The support cylinder surrounds the installation space that communicates with the inlet component and the collection component.

8. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first electrode portion includes an electrode post and an insulating post; the electrode post is disposed at the central axis position of the installation space; the electrode post extends along the axial direction of the support cylinder, and its two ends along the axial direction respectively abut against the second insulating support piece of the first conductor portion and the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion; a hole extending along its axial direction is opened inside the electrode post, and the insulating post is disposed in the hole; The second electrode portion includes an electrode cylinder disposed in the mounting space. The electrode cylinder is coaxially disposed with the electrode post, and the graded flow channel is formed between the electrode cylinder and the electrode post.

9. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 7, characterized in that, The collection component includes: The collecting cylinder is connected to the side of the first insulating support plate opposite to the support cylinder via a second flange to the second conductor; the collecting cylinder has a collecting cavity communicating with the graded flow channel, which can collect saturated charged particles with a first preset charge-to-mass ratio; Multiple first guide tubes are provided, and each of the multiple first guide tubes is connected to the collection cavity; The second flow guide is disposed in the collection cavity and near the first insulating support sheet of the second conductor portion; the second flow guide has a tapered structure along the direction from the support cylinder to the collection cylinder and surrounds a second flow guiding space; The second flow-guiding cone has one end fixedly connected to the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, which is opposite to the second insulating support piece of the second conductor portion, and the other end extends into the second flow-guiding space; the second flow-guiding cone is conformally adapted to the second flow-guiding shroud and its size is smaller than that of the first flow-guiding shroud, so that a second flow-guiding gap with a gradually narrowing structure is formed between the second flow-guiding cone and the second flow-guiding shroud along the direction from the inlet assembly to the grading assembly, so as to collect saturated charged particles with a second preset charge-to-mass ratio; and The second guide tube has one end connected to the second guide shroud and the other end extending to the outside of the collection tube.

10. The particle dispersion and classification device based on the difference in charge-to-mass ratio according to claim 9, characterized in that, Both the first flange facing the first insulating support piece of the first conductor portion and the second flange facing the first insulating support piece of the second conductor portion are provided with limiting grooves for placing sealing rings.

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