A pulley quick positioning device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a pulley quick positioning device and method, which comprises a pulley simulator, a line instrument support and a laser line instrument; the inner hole of the pulley simulator is matched with a pulley to be assembled, and the outer wall is divided into multiple scale areas corresponding to different assembly orientations and gasket numbers; the bent line instrument support is provided with an arc comb tooth and a vertical back plate, the comb tooth is clamped in a V-shaped groove of a special-shaped pulley, and the laser line instrument is provided with a magnetic suction installation reference, so that the problem that the special-shaped pulley cannot be directly adsorbed by the laser line instrument is solved; the method of the application selects a reference special-shaped pulley according to priorities to build a laser reference, and then the pulley simulator is used for laser projection partitioning to predict the pulley installation orientation and the gasket number, so that the heavy pulley assembly is completed at one time; the application is suitable for the assembly of a harvester pulley with a weight greater than or equal to 10 kg and a large difference between the shapes of the driving pulley and the driven pulley, and the application does not need to be repeatedly disassembled and tested, so that the assembly efficiency is greatly improved, the part loss is reduced, the coaxial positioning precision is high, and the service life of the belt is effectively prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of harvester technology, specifically to a belt pulley quick positioning device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Belt drive is the core power transmission structure of grain combine harvesters. It relies on the friction of the belt to transmit power through the cooperation of the driving pulley and the driven pulley. Alignment of the driving and driven pulleys along the axis is a core requirement for assembly. Axial misalignment of the two pulleys will significantly shorten the service life of the belt and aggravate equipment vibration.

[0003] The existing assembly method has obvious defects: (1) Traditional assembly relies on changing the direction of the pulley, adding or removing shims and repeatedly trying to assemble and disassemble, and measuring multiple times, resulting in extremely low assembly efficiency; (2) Existing patent number CN202322373178.8 discloses a pulley positioning device. When in use, the pulley body is installed on the rotating shaft, and the pulley body can be positioned by the positioning component, so that the pulley body and the pulley body can be installed horizontally, so that the pulley body will not deviate from the other pulley body when it is installed, thereby achieving the effect of not needing the staff to adjust back and forth. However, this patent has limitations and is only suitable for assembling pulleys with similar shapes and weight ≤10kg. It cannot be adapted for pulleys with weight greater than 10kg. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a quick positioning device and method for pulleys. By using a simulator for pre-simulation and laser zoning determination, the installation orientation of the pulley and the number of shims can be determined in one go, reducing the number of disassembly and assembly, and improving coaxial positioning accuracy and assembly efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pulley quick positioning device, comprising a pulley simulator, a alignment instrument bracket, and a laser alignment instrument; The pulley simulator is a tubular structure that can be fitted onto the outside of the drive shaft. The inner diameter of the pulley simulator is the same as the inner diameter of the pulley to be assembled. The outer tube wall of the pulley simulator is provided with scale lines along the axial direction. The scale lines divide the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator into several regions. Different regions correspond to different installation orientations of the pulley to be assembled and different numbers of shims to be assembled. The alignment instrument bracket is a bent sheet metal component, including a comb tooth structure and a backing plate, with the backing plate vertically disposed at the upper end of the comb tooth structure; The comb structure is centered and matched with the V-groove of the assembled irregular pulley. The laser alignment instrument is fixed to the side of the backing plate by magnetic adsorption. The laser beam emitted by the laser alignment instrument is projected onto the scale area of ​​the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator to determine the assembly parameters of the pulley to be assembled.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the scale lines divide the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator into region a, region b, region c and region d, and the axial dimension of each region is obtained by converting the outer dimensions of the pulley to be assembled, the positioning dimensions, the shim thickness and the number of shims.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pulley simulator may also adopt a half-tube structure or a flat plate structure.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the comb structure end of the alignment instrument bracket is arc-shaped, and the number of comb teeth and the width of a single tooth are adapted to the number and width of the V-grooves of the irregular pulley, so as to synchronously transmit the axial position dimension of the irregular pulley to the laser beam output by the laser alignment instrument.

[0009] A method for quick positioning of a pulley includes the following steps: S1: Pre-installed irregular pulley: Select one of the driving pulley and driven pulley as the reference irregular pulley according to the judgment criteria and assemble it into the designated position; S2: Set up the laser reference: Align the comb structure of the alignment instrument bracket with the V-groove of the irregular pulley to complete the bracket installation, and magnetically attach the laser alignment instrument to the side of the bracket's back plate. S3: Simulation positioning calibration: Fit the pulley simulator onto the drive shaft corresponding to the pulley to be assembled, so that the side of the pulley simulator with the scale line faces the laser alignment instrument; Turn on the laser alignment instrument to emit a laser beam and observe the corresponding area of ​​the laser beam projected onto the outer pipe wall of the pulley simulator; Based on the laser projection area matching the preset assembly scheme, determine the installation orientation of the pulley to be assembled and the number of shims to be added; S4: Formal assembly of the pulley: According to the installation orientation and number of shims of the pulley to be assembled determined in step S3, assemble the pulley to be assembled and the corresponding shims to the drive shaft.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the judgment criteria in step S1 are: priority ① axis position cannot be adjusted > ② irregular pulley cannot directly adsorb laser alignment instrument > ③ lighter weight.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the assembly determination rule corresponding to the laser beam region in step S3 is as follows: When the laser beam falls on area a, the end face of the pulley to be assembled with the mark is assembled along the X-axis without adding a shim. When the laser beam falls on region b, the end face of the pulley to be assembled with the marking is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X, without adding a shim. When the laser beam falls on region c, the end face of the pulley to be assembled with the marking is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X, and a shim is added. When the laser beam falls on region d, the end face of the pulley to be assembled is aligned in the opposite direction of axis X, and two shims are added.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) It breaks through the limitation of existing tooling that is only suitable for light pulleys of ≤10kg, and is designed for pulleys of harvesters ≥10kg with large differences in the shape of the main and driven pulleys, covering the heavy transmission assembly scenario of agricultural equipment; (2) It solves the problem that the end face of the irregular pulley cannot magnetically attract the laser alignment instrument by using the alignment instrument bracket with arc comb teeth, and the comb teeth and V-groove are centered and fit together, accurately synchronizing the axial position of the reference wheel; (3) It predicts the pulley orientation and the number of shims in advance by relying on the partition scale of the pulley simulator, eliminating the need for repeated disassembly and measurement, greatly reducing the intensity of manual labor, and avoiding damage to the mating surface of the shaft and pulley; (4) The laser line synchronously transmits the axial dimension of the reference wheel, eliminating the measurement error of manual calipers, ensuring that the V-groove of the main and driven pulleys is coaxially aligned, extending the service life of the belt, and reducing equipment vibration failure. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure without the pulley; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the positions of the pulley simulator, the alignment device bracket, and the laser alignment device; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pulley simulator. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the alignment instrument bracket; Figure 7 Flowchart of a method for rapid positioning of pulleys; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Detailed flowchart of step S1; Figure 9 for Figure 7 Detailed flowchart of step S2; Figure 10 for Figure 7 Detailed flowchart of step S3; Figure 11 for Figure 7 Detailed flowchart of step S4.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Pulley simulator, 11. Inner hole, 12. Scale line, 13. Area a, 14. Area b, 15. Area c, 16. Area d, 2. Line alignment device bracket, 21. Comb structure, 22. Backing plate, 3. Laser line alignment device, 4. Irregularly shaped pulley, 5. Pulley, 6. Drive shaft, 7. Shim. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1: Tubular Pulley Simulator for Assembling Heavy-Duty Irregular Pulleys in Grain Combine Harvesters like Figure 1-6 This embodiment is applied to the assembly of the main drive pulley of a grain combine harvester. The driving irregular pulley and the driven pulley each weigh 16kg, far exceeding the existing tooling's 10kg upper limit. The tubular pulley quick positioning device of this invention is used. The parameters and structure of each component are as follows: The pulley simulator 1 is a seamless steel pipe structure, with the inner diameter of the inner hole 11 matching that of the harvester's driven shaft. The inner holes of the pulleys are completely identical, ensuring that the coaxiality when fitted onto the drive shaft 6 is exactly the same as the actual pulley assembly state. The outer tube wall of the pulley simulator 1 is evenly distributed with scale lines 12 along its axial direction. The scale lines 12 divide the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator 1 into four consecutive axial sections: region a 13, region b 14, region c 15, and region d 16.

[0017] Pre-calculation of zone dimensions: Measure the axial length of the driven pulley, the position of the end face mark, and the thickness of a single adjusting shim (7mm, 2mm). Calculate the axial distance corresponding to the four assembly conditions and accurately delineate the boundaries of each zone. Area 13: Corresponds to the driven wheel with the marked end face facing the X direction and without shim 7; Area b, 14: Corresponds to the driven wheel marking end face facing the opposite direction of X, without shim 7; Area c, 15: corresponding to the driven wheel with the marked end face facing X, a shim 7; Area d, 16: corresponding to the driven wheel with the marked end face facing X in the opposite direction, two gaskets 7.

[0018] The alignment instrument bracket 2 is made of 3mm cold-rolled steel plate and is integrally bent, including comb structure 21 and back plate 22; The comb structure 21 has five comb teeth in total. The width of a single tooth and the tooth spacing are matched one by one with the five V-grooves of the irregular pulley 4. All comb teeth are machined with rounded chamfers at the ends. During assembly, the rounded surfaces are completely fitted with the inner walls of the V-grooves and are automatically centered and positioned. The backing plate 22 is bent vertically upwards, and the plate surface is flat and without bumps, which can be stably attached to the bottom magnet of the laser alignment instrument 3.

[0019] The laser alignment instrument 3 is a universal magnetic single-line laser alignment instrument. After being attached to the side of the backing plate 22, it emits a laser beam horizontally parallel to the axis X of the pulley 5. The height of the laser line is consistent with the center height of the V-groove of the belt.

[0020] Supporting components: drive shaft 6, steel adjusting shim 7, active irregular pulley 4, pulley to be assembled 5.

[0021] like Figure 7-11 The positioning method in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1: Pre-installed standard irregular-shaped pulley According to the priority rules: ① The axis position cannot be adjusted > ② Irregularly shaped pulleys cannot directly adsorb the laser alignment instrument > ③ Lighter weight screening reference wheel; The axial limiting step of the harvester's drive wheel mounting shaft is fixed, and the axis position is completely unadjustable. Furthermore, the drive wheel has an irregular multi-groove structure with uneven end faces, making it impossible to directly adsorb the alignment instrument. Therefore, the irregular drive pulley 4 is selected as the reference and installed in the designated assembly position.

[0022] S2: Setting up a laser positioning reference Handle the alignment instrument bracket 2 and insert the comb tooth structure 21 into all the V-grooves of the active irregular belt pulley 4 from the outside. Relying on the automatic centering of the arc end of the comb tooth, the comb tooth is aligned with the center of the V-groove, and the bracket is completely in contact with the end face of the active irregular belt pulley 4. The laser alignment device 3 is fixed to the flat side of the backing plate 22 by strong magnetic adsorption at the bottom. The angle of the alignment device is adjusted so that the emitted laser is parallel to the drive shaft axis X. Turn on the laser alignment instrument to form a stable laser reference ray that is synchronized with the axial position of the reference wheel.

[0023] S3: Simulated positioning and calibration to determine assembly parameters. Take out the tubular pulley simulator 1 and fit it into the driven pulley mounting end of the drive shaft 6, making sure it fits the shaft shoulder completely. Ensure that the simulator and the pulley to be assembled are coaxial. Rotate the pulley simulator 1 so that the side with the scale line 12 on the outer wall faces the laser alignment instrument. Observe the horizontal laser beam projected onto the scale division on the outer wall of the pulley simulator 1. In this embodiment, the laser stably falls on region c, 15. According to the preset judgment rule: when the laser falls on area c15, the driven pulley 5 to be assembled is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X along the axis X. During assembly, an adjustment shim 7 with a thickness of 2mm is added.

[0024] S4: Formal assembly of the driven pulley Remove the pulley simulator 1, first place a shim 7 at the shoulder of the drive shaft 6, then fit the driven pulley 5 with the marked end facing the opposite X direction onto the drive shaft 6, and lock it in place to complete the assembly.

[0025] After assembly, a standard laser measuring instrument was used for retesting, and the coaxial deviation of the V-groove of the main and driven pulleys was ≤0.1mm, which fully meets the assembly process requirements of the harvester.

[0026] Example 2: Assembly of a semi-tube structure pulley simulator in a confined installation space In response to the situation where the radial space inside the harvester's internal chassis is small and the tubular pulley simulator 1 cannot be disassembled and installed laterally, the pulley simulator 1 is replaced with a half-tube structure. The inner hole 11 is the same size as the pulley 5 to be assembled, and the outer wall is also divided into four zones: a, b, c, and d. The selection, assembly, and judgment rules for the alignment device bracket 2 and the laser alignment device 3 are completely consistent with those in Example 1.

[0027] The semi-tube structure can be directly snapped into the drive shaft 6 from the side without needing to be fully inserted from the shaft end. It is convenient to operate in the small, enclosed chassis, and the positioning accuracy is no different from that of the tubular pulley simulator 1.

[0028] Example 3: Simple tooling for a flat-plate pulley simulator repair workshop For the scenario of sporadic repair and small-batch assembly in agricultural machinery repair workshops, a flat-plate pulley simulator 1 is selected. The flat plate has positioning round holes that cooperate with the drive shaft 6, and the plate surface is engraved with axial scale partitions. Coaxial positioning is achieved by using positioning holes to fit the drive shaft, while maintaining the same laser judgment rules. The flat panel structure is simple to manufacture, lightweight, and requires little storage space, making it suitable for mobile after-sales repair scenarios.

[0029] The parts of the invention not described in detail are prior art. Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A quick positioning device for a pulley, characterized in that: Includes a pulley simulator (1), a line alignment bracket (2), and a laser line alignment device (3); The pulley simulator (1) is a tubular structure that can be fitted onto the outside of the drive shaft (6). The diameter of the inner hole (11) of the pulley simulator (1) is the same as the inner hole size of the pulley (5) to be assembled. The outer tube wall of the pulley simulator (1) is provided with scale lines (12) along the axial direction. The scale lines (12) divide the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator (1) into several regions. Different regions correspond to different installation orientations and different shim assembly quantities of the pulley (5) to be assembled. The alignment instrument bracket (2) is a bent plate component, including a comb structure (21) and a backing plate (22), with the backing plate (22) vertically arranged at the upper end of the comb structure (21); The comb structure (21) is centered and matched with the V-groove of the assembled irregular pulley (4). The laser alignment instrument (3) is fixed to the side of the backing plate (22) by magnetic adsorption. The laser beam emitted by the laser alignment instrument (3) is projected onto the scale area of ​​the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator (1) to determine the assembly parameters of the pulley (5) to be assembled.

2. The quick positioning device for a pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scale line (12) divides the outer tube wall of the pulley simulator (1) into region a (13), region b (14), region c (15) and region d (16). The axial dimension of each region is calculated from the outer dimensions, positioning dimensions, thickness of shims (7) and number of shims (7) of the pulley to be assembled (5).

3. The quick positioning device for a pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulley simulator (1) can also adopt a half-tube structure or a flat plate structure.

4. The quick positioning device for a pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comb structure (21) of the alignment instrument bracket (2) has an arc shape at the end. The number of comb teeth and the width of a single tooth are matched with the number of V-grooves and the groove width of the irregular pulley (4), so that the axial position dimension of the irregular pulley (4) is synchronously transmitted to the laser beam output by the laser alignment instrument (3).

5. A method for rapid positioning of a pulley, characterized in that: The quick positioning device for pulleys according to any one of claims 1-4 includes the following steps: S1: Pre-installed irregular pulley: Select one of the driving pulley and driven pulley as the reference irregular pulley (4) according to the judgment criteria and assemble it into the designated position; S2: Set up the laser reference: Align the comb structure (21) of the alignment instrument bracket (2) with the V-groove of the irregular pulley (4) to complete the bracket installation, and magnetically attach the laser alignment instrument (3) to the side of the back plate (22) of the alignment instrument bracket (2). S3: Simulation positioning calibration: Set the pulley simulator (1) onto the drive shaft (6) corresponding to the pulley (5) to be assembled, so that the side of the pulley simulator (1) with the scale line (12) faces the laser alignment instrument (3). Turn on the laser alignment instrument (3) to emit laser beams and observe the corresponding area of ​​the outer pipe wall of the pulley simulator (1) where the laser beams are projected. Based on the laser projection area matching preset assembly scheme, determine the installation orientation of the pulley (5) to be assembled and the number of shims (7) to be added; S4: Formal assembly of pulley: According to the installation orientation of the pulley (5) to be assembled and the number of shims (7) determined in step S3, assemble the pulley (5) to be assembled and the corresponding shims (7) to the drive shaft (6).

6. The method for rapid positioning of a pulley according to claim 5, characterized in that: The judgment criteria in step S1 are: priority ① axis position cannot be adjusted > ② irregular pulley (4) cannot directly adsorb laser alignment instrument (3) > ③ lighter weight.

7. The method for rapid positioning of a pulley according to claim 5, characterized in that: The assembly determination rule corresponding to the laser beam region in step S3 is as follows: When the laser beam falls on region a (13), the marked end face of the pulley (5) to be assembled is assembled along the X-axis without adding a shim (7). When the laser beam falls on region b (14), the marked end face of the pulley (5) to be assembled is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X, without adding a shim (7). When the laser beam falls on region c (15), the marked end face of the pulley (5) to be assembled is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X, and a shim (7) is added. When the laser beam falls on region d (16), the marked end face of the pulley (5) to be assembled is assembled in the opposite direction of axis X, and two shims (7) are added.

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