A kind of steam-free precast component stacking heat storage curing stack system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of precast concrete component curing, aiming to solve the problems of high energy consumption and facility investment, difficulty in utilizing group hydration heat for single piece cover, large occupation area, complicated pool curing operation, easy damage to components, inability to simultaneously realize free external heat source, stable temperature and humidity, compact occupation area and whole pile transfer, and provide a free steam curing precast component stacking heat storage curing pile system, the pile base system comprises a pile bottom tray and a skid, there are forklift holes between the skids, and the pile bottom tray is provided with a hoisting matching structure; the stacking cushion layer system is arranged between the precast components; the pile core heat storage module is arranged in the center of the pile body; the heat preservation enclosure system is arranged on the outside of the pile body and is connected with the pile bottom tray to form a semi-closed heat storage cavity; and the control system is assembled on the heat preservation enclosure system. The present application has the beneficial effects of realizing free steam curing and self-curing, stable temperature and humidity in the pile, compact occupation area, reusable components, support for whole pile transfer, and effective reduction of curing energy consumption and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precast concrete component curing technology, and more specifically, to a stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components that do not require steam curing. Background Technology

[0002] The curing of precast concrete components such as tunnel segments, wind tower segments, box culverts, wall panels, and pipe piles is a key process in the production process, directly affecting the strength development and durability of the components. At present, the industry mostly adopts the non-steam curing process, that is, the components are demolded after reaching the demolding strength by static curing in the mold, and then the strength is continuously improved by the hydration reaction of the concrete itself. This process needs to be carried out in a suitable temperature and humidity environment to ensure that the components finally reach the design strength requirements.

[0003] Among existing technologies, firstly, steam curing is an early-used curing method with advantages such as controllable heating and insulation and short curing cycles. However, this process has high energy consumption and requires the construction of supporting facilities such as steam boilers and steam curing pits, resulting in large upfront infrastructure investment and high carbon emissions during operation, which is inconsistent with the "dual-carbon" development path of non-steam curing processes. Secondly, curing methods that use curing covers or insulation films to cover and insulate individual components require a separate cover for each component, and the demand for covers increases linearly with production capacity. At the same time, the dispersed arrangement of components leads to a large storage yard area and complicated on-site management. Firstly, the heat storage capacity of a single enclosure is limited, and the temperature inside the enclosure is easily affected by the diurnal temperature range, resulting in large fluctuations. This makes it impossible to fully utilize the collective heat of hydration generated by multiple components, and the stability of the curing temperature and humidity is difficult to guarantee. Secondly, the water bath curing method requires the excavation of a dedicated curing water tank and the installation of a water circulation system, resulting in high infrastructure investment costs. Thirdly, the components need to be repeatedly hoisted in and out of the water tank during the curing process, which consumes a lot of hoisting resources and has low work efficiency. Furthermore, the components are immersed in water for a long time, which poses a risk of corrosion and failure of components such as waterstops and embedded parts, which is not conducive to ensuring the quality of the finished components.

[0004] Therefore, existing precast component curing technologies all have corresponding technical defects and cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of steam-free, external heat source-free, water tank-free, stable and controllable temperature and humidity, compact footprint, and convenient transportation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to provide a stacking and heat storage curing system for prefabricated components that does not require steam curing, in order to solve the problems of high energy consumption of steam curing facilities, large footprint of single-component protection, inability to utilize the heat of hydration of the whole group, inconvenience of water tank curing operations and easy damage to components, and difficulty in simultaneously achieving no external heat source, stable temperature and humidity, compact footprint, and whole-stack transportation.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides a stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components that do not require steam curing, which includes a stacking base system, a stacking cushion layer system, a stacking core heat storage module, a thermal insulation enclosure system, and a control system. The aforementioned stacking system includes a stacking base pallet and wooden blocks. The wooden blocks are arranged below the stacking base pallet, and forklift holes are formed between the wooden blocks. The stacking base pallet is equipped with a lifting and assembly structure. The aforementioned stacking padding system is located between multiple stacked prefabricated components; The aforementioned core heat storage modules are arranged in the center of the stack formed by the prefabricated components after stacking; The aforementioned thermal insulation enclosure system is installed on the outside of the stack body and is connected to the aforementioned stack bottom tray to form a semi-enclosed heat storage chamber. The aforementioned control system is installed on the thermal insulation enclosure system.

[0007] During operation, multi-layer prefabricated components are stacked on the bottom pallet of the stack base system. The stacking pad system is placed between each layer of prefabricated components. The core heat storage module is arranged at the center of the stack. The outside of the stack is formed by the insulation enclosure system and the bottom pallet together to form a semi-enclosed heat storage chamber. The heat generated inside the stack is collected in the core heat storage module. The forklift holes are formed between the wooden blocks of the stack base system. The lifting and mounting structure on the bottom pallet can be adapted to the whole stack transfer operation. The control system installed on the insulation enclosure system can adjust the ventilation environment inside the semi-enclosed heat storage chamber.

[0008] Preferably, the above-mentioned stacking padding system includes interlayer pads, which are symmetrically arranged between two adjacent layers of prefabricated components. The height of the interlayer pads defines the interlayer ventilation gap. The upper surface of the interlayer pads is provided with positioning grooves, and the lower edge of the upper prefabricated component is embedded in the positioning grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the positioning groove is an arc-shaped groove or a flat groove; the interlayer pad is configured with various shapes and specifications.

[0010] Preferably, the above-mentioned core heat storage module includes a core cavity, a replaceable heat storage unit, and a positioning bracket; the positioning bracket is a vertical guide groove structure, and the positioning bracket is fixed on the inner wall of the core cavity; the replaceable heat storage unit is inserted into the core cavity along the positioning bracket.

[0011] Preferably, the replaceable heat storage unit is a phase change heat storage plate, a hydrated salt phase change plate, or a heat storage brick, and an airflow annular gap is reserved between the replaceable heat storage unit and the positioning bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the above-mentioned thermal insulation enclosure system includes thermal insulation enclosure panels, plug-in connectors, thermal insulation covers, and bottom moisture-proof layers; the bottom moisture-proof layers are laid on the upper surface of the bottom pallet of the stack; adjacent thermal insulation enclosure panels are spliced ​​together around the stack body through the plug-in connectors; the thermal insulation covers overlap and cover the top of the thermal insulation enclosure panels.

[0013] Preferably, the above-mentioned plug-in connector includes a tongue and a slot, and two adjacent insulation panels are fitted together by the tongue and the slot; the bottom hook of the insulation panel is attached to the hanging seat on the edge of the bottom tray.

[0014] Preferably, the control system includes a vent, an adjustable damper, and a temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position; the vents are respectively located at the bottom and top of the stack; the adjustable damper is hinged to the vent at the bottom of the stack; and the temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position is a reserved wiring hole and sensor seat opened on the insulation panel.

[0015] Preferably, the opening of the adjustable damper is steplessly adjustable between fully open, half open, and fully closed, and the ventilation opening at the bottom of the stack and the ventilation opening at the top of the stack cooperate to form a micro-circulation channel inside the stack that allows air to enter from the bottom and exit from the top.

[0016] Preferably, the aforementioned bottom pallet is a steel frame pallet or a concrete pallet; the aforementioned forklift hole is adapted to forklift forks; and the aforementioned lifting assembly structure is adapted to gantry crane lifting.

[0017] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. No steam or external heat source is required, achieving energy saving and carbon reduction, which aligns with the dual-carbon development goal.

[0018] This system uses the entire stack as the curing unit and adopts a centralized component group hydration heat self-curing strategy. It is combined with the stack core heat storage module to smooth out the heat peaks and fill the valleys. No steam boilers, steam curing pits or other facilities are required during the entire curing process. There is zero steam input and zero external heating devices throughout the process.

[0019] 2. The temperature and humidity inside the stack are stable and controllable, effectively ensuring the quality of component maintenance.

[0020] The interlayer ventilation gaps connect with the core cavity to form an internal airflow path, allowing the heat of hydration of the components to be evenly concentrated in the core. Replaceable heat storage units absorb peak hydration heat and release heat during the cooling phase, achieving temperature peak reduction and valley filling within the stack. Combined with the bottom-in, top-out micro-circulation formed by the upper and lower ventilation openings and adjustable dampers, the ventilation volume can be precisely adjusted according to the temperature difference and humidity inside and outside the stack. This effectively avoids problems such as localized overheating of the core and surface dehydration and cracking of components, ensuring uniform and stable component curing quality.

[0021] 3. Accelerate the development of component strength, shorten the maintenance cycle, and improve the turnover efficiency of the stockpile.

[0022] A stable and suitable temperature and humidity environment can accelerate the hydration reaction process of concrete. The strength of the components can reach 65% of the design strength after three days of curing. The age to reach the factory strength (75% of the design strength) is shortened from about eight days for traditional natural curing to four to five days. The curing cycle is greatly reduced, which significantly speeds up the turnover of stacks in the yard and improves the component production efficiency per unit area.

[0023] 4. Centralized stacking occupies a compact area, simplifies on-site management, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0024] Multiple components are stacked in layers within the same stack, resulting in a small footprint per stack and significantly improved site utilization. The entire stack can be maintained by assembling the insulation enclosure structure only once, replacing the traditional method of covering each component with a maintenance cover. This greatly reduces the number of cover tools required and lowers the complexity of on-site management and maintenance workload.

[0025] 5. Integrated maintenance and transfer functions, adaptable to production line operation rhythm.

[0026] The pallet serves as both a maintenance support chassis and a transfer chassis. Forklift holes beneath the pallet allow for forklift transport of entire stacks, and the lifting mechanism on the pallet can be used with the gantry crane's balance beam to lift entire stacks. After maintenance, there's no need to transport components piece by piece; in-plant transfers or cross-site lifting can be completed directly in whole stacks, reducing the frequency of lifting operations and efficiently matching the component production cycle.

[0027] 6. The system is highly versatile, and core components can be recycled and reused, reducing overall costs.

[0028] By simply replacing the interlayer pads and core heat storage units of the corresponding specifications, the same set of enclosure panels, insulation covers and ventilation control systems can be adapted to various types of prefabricated components such as shield tunnel segments, wind tower segments, box culverts, wall panels and pipe piles; at the same time, the core components such as the insulation enclosure panels and replaceable heat storage units are all detachable structures, which can be used in a cyclical manner across stacks, greatly reducing the one-time investment cost of tooling and adapting to the production scenarios of multi-variety and batch prefabricated components. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is an overall sectional view of a prefabricated component stacking and heat storage curing system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is an exploded view of the interlayer spacer block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the core heat storage module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of adjacent thermal insulation enclosure panels being inserted in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fully open adjustable damper on the thermal insulation enclosure panel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable damper partially open on the thermal insulation enclosure panel in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fully closed adjustable damper on the thermal insulation enclosure panel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Icons: 1-Stacking base system, 2-Stacking padding system, 3-Stacking core heat storage module, 4-Insulation enclosure system, 5-Control system, 6-Stacking bottom pallet, 7-Wooden pad, 8-Forklift hole, 9-Lifting assembly structure, 10-Prefabricated component, 11-Semi-enclosed heat storage chamber, 12-Interlayer pad, 13-Interlayer ventilation gap, 14-Positioning groove, 15-Stacking core cavity, 16-Replaceable heat storage unit, 17-Positioning bracket, 18-Insulation enclosure panel, 19-Plug-in connector, 20-Insulation cover, 21-Bottom moisture-proof layer, 22-Tongue, 23-Slot, 24-Ventilation opening, 25-Adjustable damper, 26-Temperature and humidity monitoring component installation position. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0034] Example 1 See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7This embodiment proposes a stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components that does not require steam curing, including a stacking base system 1, a stacking cushion layer system 2, a stacking core heat storage module 3, a thermal insulation enclosure system 4, and a control system 5; The stacking system 1 includes a stacking base pallet 6 and wooden blocks 7. The wooden blocks 7 are arranged below the stacking base pallet 6, and forklift holes 8 are formed between the wooden blocks 7. The stacking base pallet 6 is equipped with a lifting and matching structure 9. The stacking padding system 2 is disposed between multiple stacked prefabricated components 10; The core heat storage module 3 is arranged in the center of the stack body formed by the prefabricated components 10 after stacking; The thermal insulation enclosure system 4 is set on the outside of the stack body and is connected with the stack bottom tray 6 to form a semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11. The control system 5 is mounted on the thermal insulation enclosure system 4 and is used to regulate the ventilation environment inside the semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11.

[0035] During operation, multi-layer prefabricated components 10 are stacked on the bottom pallet 6 of the stack base system 1. The stacking pad system 2 is placed between each layer of prefabricated components 10. The core heat storage module 3 is arranged in the center of the stack. The outer side of the stack is formed by the thermal insulation enclosure system 4 and the bottom pallet 6 to form a semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11. The heat generated inside the stack is collected in the core heat storage module 3. Forklift holes 8 are formed between the pads 7 of the stack base system 1. The lifting and matching structure 9 on the bottom pallet 6 can be adapted to the whole stack transfer operation. The control system 5 installed on the thermal insulation enclosure system 4 can adjust the ventilation environment inside the semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11.

[0036] The proposed steam-free precast component stacking and heat storage curing system utilizes an integrated stack structure consisting of a stack base system 1 for support, a stacking pad system 2 for layered partitions, a stack core heat storage module 3 for centralized temperature control, an insulation enclosure system 4 for enclosed heat storage, and a control system 5 for ventilation management. By using the entire stack as a curing unit, it fully leverages the collective hydration heat of the precast components 10 to achieve self-curing. It maintains a stable and suitable temperature and humidity environment within the stack without the need for steam or external heat sources. Furthermore, the stack bottom pallet 6 integrates forklift holes 8 and a lifting mechanism 9, allowing for direct stack transfer without individual component handling. This effectively reduces curing energy consumption and land occupation, while improving yard turnover efficiency and curing quality.

[0037] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7In this embodiment, the stacking pad system 2 includes interlayer pads 12, which are symmetrically arranged between two adjacent layers of prefabricated components 10. The height of the interlayer pads 12 defines the interlayer ventilation gap 13. The upper surface of the interlayer pads 12 is provided with positioning grooves 14, and the lower edge of the upper prefabricated component 10 is embedded in the positioning grooves 14 to achieve positioning and anti-slip.

[0038] Specifically, the interlayer spacers 12 with the above structure are symmetrically supported between the upper and lower prefabricated components 10. The height of the spacers precisely limits the interlayer ventilation gap 13, which not only avoids direct pressure and collision between the upper and lower prefabricated components 10, but also ensures smooth airflow between layers, facilitating the uniform transfer of hydration heat of the prefabricated components 10 to the stack core. At the same time, the positioning grooves 14 on the upper surface of the interlayer spacers 12 are fitted into the lower edge of the upper prefabricated components 10, which can achieve precise positioning and anti-slip of the prefabricated components 10 between layers, improving the stacking alignment accuracy and the overall structural stability of the stack.

[0039] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the positioning groove 14 is an arc-shaped groove or a flat groove; the interlayer pad 12 is set in various shapes and specifications, including the A-type arc-shaped pad adapted to the pipe segment, the B-type flat pad adapted to the box culvert wall panel, and the C-type narrow strip pad.

[0040] Specifically, by setting the positioning groove 14 to an arc or plane structure that adapts to the shape of different components, and configuring interlayer pads 12 of various shapes and specifications, the interlayer pads 12 can be tightly fitted with the lower edge of the corresponding precast component 10, ensuring that precast components 10 of different cross-sectional forms can obtain reliable positioning and anti-slip effects; at the same time, by simply replacing the interlayer pads 12 of the corresponding specifications, the same curing stack system can be adapted to various types of precast components 10 such as shield tunnel segments, box culverts, and wall panels, effectively improving the system's versatility and reducing tooling costs.

[0041] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the core heat storage module 3 includes a core cavity 15, a replaceable heat storage unit 16, and a positioning bracket 17. The core cavity 15 is a through cavity formed at the center of the stack after the prefabricated components 10 are stacked. The positioning bracket 17 is a vertical guide groove structure and is fixed to the inner wall of the core cavity 15. The replaceable heat storage unit 16 is inserted into the core cavity 15 along the positioning bracket 17.

[0042] Specifically, by forming a vertically penetrating core cavity 15 at the center of the stack, the heat of hydration released by each layer of prefabricated components 10 can be collected and concentrated to the replaceable heat storage unit 16. The vertical guide groove positioning bracket 17 fixed to the inner wall of the core cavity 15 provides insertion guidance and lateral support for the replaceable heat storage unit 16, preventing it from tipping over and shifting, and also facilitating the overall removal and replacement of the replaceable heat storage unit 16. The replaceable heat storage unit 16 inserted into the core cavity 15 can absorb the peak heat of hydration and release heat during the cooling stage, achieving peak shaving and valley filling of the temperature inside the stack. At the same time, the number and type of replaceable heat storage units 16 can be flexibly configured according to the maintenance heat load to adapt to the maintenance needs of different components.

[0043] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the heat storage unit 16 can be replaced with a phase change heat storage plate, a hydrated salt phase change plate, or a heat storage brick, and an airflow annular gap can be reserved between the heat storage unit 16 and the positioning bracket 17.

[0044] Specifically, various types of replaceable heat storage units 16 are adopted, which can be flexibly selected and matched according to the hydration heat release characteristics, curing heat load and cost requirements of different prefabricated components 10, so as to better adapt to the heat storage and temperature regulation requirements under different working conditions. The airflow annular gap reserved between the replaceable heat storage unit 16 and the positioning bracket 17 can ensure smooth vertical airflow in the core cavity 15, so that the air can fully contact and exchange heat with the replaceable heat storage unit 16, effectively improving the heat transfer efficiency, ensuring that the replaceable heat storage unit 16 can fully complete the heat absorption and heat release process, and enhancing the effect of peak shaving and valley filling of temperature in the stack.

[0045] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the thermal insulation enclosure system 4 includes thermal insulation enclosure panels 18, plug-in connectors 19, thermal insulation covers 20, and bottom moisture-proof layers 21; the bottom moisture-proof layers 21 are laid on the upper surface of the bottom pallet 6; adjacent thermal insulation enclosure panels 18 are spliced ​​together around the stack body through plug-in connectors 19; the thermal insulation covers 20 overlap and cover the top of the thermal insulation enclosure panels 18.

[0046] Specifically, by laying a bottom moisture-proof layer 21 on the bottom tray 6, ground moisture and cold air seepage from the bottom can be effectively blocked, preventing the first-layer prefabricated components 10 from getting damp and losing temperature; multiple insulation panels 18 are spliced ​​around the stack body with the help of plug-in connectors 19, which is simple and quick to assemble. Together with the top overlapping insulation cover 20, they form a closed heat storage and insulation space, which significantly reduces the loss of heat and humidity inside the stack, stabilizes the temperature and humidity environment inside the stack, and the modular splicing structure facilitates quick disassembly and reuse, and is suitable for different specifications of curing stacks.

[0047] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the plug-in connector 19 includes a tongue 22 and a slot 23. Two adjacent insulation panels 18 are inserted and fitted together by the tongue 22 and the slot 23. The bottom hook of the insulation panel 18 (not shown in the figure) is attached to the hanging seat (not shown in the figure) on the edge of the bottom tray 6.

[0048] Specifically, the interlocking structure of the tongue 22 and the slot 23 is used to splice adjacent insulation panels 18 without the need for additional fasteners or tools. The disassembly and assembly are convenient and efficient, and the connection between the panels is tight and reliable. The bottom of the insulation panel 18 is positioned by hooking and hanging on the edge of the bottom tray 6, which can realize the quick positioning and fixing of the bottom of the panel, effectively preventing the bottom of the panel from shifting or warping, improving the overall assembly stability and sealing performance of the enclosure structure, and facilitating the quick disassembly and reuse of the panel across stacks.

[0049] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the control system 5 includes a vent 24, an adjustable damper 25, and a temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position 26; the vent 24 is respectively located at the bottom and top of the stack; the adjustable damper 25 is hinged to the vent 24 at the bottom of the stack; the temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position 26 is a reserved wire hole and sensor seat opened on the thermal insulation enclosure 18.

[0050] Specifically, by setting ventilation openings 24 at the bottom and top of the stack, a micro-circulation channel for airflow inside the stack can be naturally formed, allowing for air circulation and heat and humidity exchange within the stack. The adjustable damper 25, hinged to the bottom ventilation opening 24, can flexibly adjust its opening size to precisely control the ventilation volume inside the stack, thereby regulating the temperature and humidity levels. The reserved wiring holes and sensor seats on the insulation enclosure 18 facilitate the rapid installation and wiring of temperature and humidity monitoring elements, providing a detection basis for adjusting the opening of the adjustable damper 25, and ensuring a stable and controllable curing environment inside the stack.

[0051] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the opening of the adjustable damper 25 can be steplessly adjusted between fully open, half open, and fully closed. The bottom ventilation port 24 of the stack and the top ventilation port 24 of the stack cooperate to form a micro-circulation channel inside the stack that is lower in and upper out.

[0052] Specifically, the adjustable damper 25 can steplessly adjust its opening from fully open to half open to fully closed, and can precisely control the ventilation flow according to the temperature and humidity conditions inside the stack, adapting to the environmental needs of different maintenance stages; the ventilation openings 24 at the bottom and top of the stack form a natural micro-circulation channel with bottom inlet and top outlet, relying on the rising characteristics of hot air to drive the orderly flow of air, which can promote the uniform distribution of heat and humidity inside the stack without additional power, avoid local overheating of the stack core or water loss on the surface of the components, and ensure a stable and balanced maintenance environment.

[0053] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the bottom pallet 6 is a steel frame pallet or a concrete pallet; the forklift hole 8 is adapted to allow forklift forks to be inserted to realize the transport of the entire stack; and the lifting and assembly structure 9 is adapted to the lifting of the gantry crane.

[0054] Specifically, the bottom pallet 6 can be made of steel frame or concrete, allowing for flexible selection based on maintenance load level, usage scenario, and cost requirements, ensuring the reliability and adaptability of the entire stack load. The forklift hole 8 under the bottom pallet 6 allows forklift forks to be inserted for transporting the entire stack. The lifting mechanism 9 on the bottom pallet 6 can be used with a gantry crane to lift the entire stack, giving the bottom pallet 6 the dual functions of a maintenance load-bearing chassis and a transfer chassis. After maintenance, the entire stack can be transferred without transporting each prefabricated component 10 individually, effectively improving the yard turnover efficiency and adapting to the production line operation rhythm.

[0055] See Figure 1, Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the interlayer spacers 12 are symmetrically arranged at the stress points on both sides of the precast component 10 stack. The interlayer spacers 12 support the upper and lower precast components 10, so that the upper and lower precast components 10 are separated from each other and do not collide under pressure. The interlayer ventilation gap 13 is connected to the core cavity 15 to form an airflow passage.

[0056] In this embodiment, the positioning bracket 17 has a vertical guide groove structure. The positioning bracket 17 forms a lateral limit on the replaceable heat storage unit 16 to prevent the replaceable heat storage unit 16 from tipping over. The replaceable heat storage unit 16 can be pulled out and disassembled as a whole along the positioning bracket 17 to realize cross-stack turnover and reuse.

[0057] In this embodiment, the thermal insulation enclosure panel 18 is a detachable panel arranged in modular blocks. The thermal insulation enclosure panel 18, the thermal insulation cover 20, the replaceable heat storage unit 16, and the positioning bracket 17 are all detachable and reusable components that can be removed from the curing stack and transferred to another curing stack for reuse.

[0058] In this embodiment, a temperature and humidity sensor is installed at the temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position 26. The temperature and humidity sensor detects the temperature and humidity parameters inside the semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11, and the sensor output signal serves as the basis for adjusting the opening of the adjustable damper 25.

[0059] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the replaceable heat storage unit 16 can be selected from three forms: phase change heat storage plate, hydrated salt phase change plate, and heat storage brick, depending on the actual working conditions. Among them, the phase change heat storage plate has a regular structure and is easy to insert, making it suitable for batch curing scenarios of standardized stacks. The hydrated salt phase change plate has a high latent heat density and precise phase change temperature, making it suitable for prefabricated components 10 with high requirements for curing temperature stability. The heat storage brick is inexpensive and flexible in its arrangement, meeting the low-cost heat storage needs of temporary curing or small-sized stacks. The three forms can be flexibly selected according to the curing heat load, cost budget, and component curing accuracy requirements. All three can achieve peak shaving and valley filling of temperature inside the stack, maintaining a stable curing environment.

[0060] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The specific working principle of the precast component stacking and heat storage curing system in this embodiment is as follows: After demolding, the precast components 10 are stacked in layers on the bottom pallet 6. The adjacent layers of precast components 10 are separated and supported by interlayer spacers 12. The height of the interlayer spacers 12 forms a stable interlayer ventilation gap 13. At the same time, the positioning grooves 14 on the interlayer spacers 12 limit the upper layer of precast components 10, ensuring stacking accuracy and stack structure stability. Multiple precast components 10 are symmetrically arranged along the center of the stack, forming a vertically connected core cavity 15 in the center of the stack. The bottom moisture-proof layer 21 laid on the bottom pallet 6 isolates ground moisture and cold air from seeping upwards, providing a stable bottom foundation environment for component curing.

[0061] During the curing process, the concrete of each layer of precast components 10 continuously undergoes hydration reaction and releases heat of hydration. The heat is collected towards the center of the stack through the interlayer ventilation gap 13 and enters the core cavity 15. The replaceable heat storage unit 16, which is inserted on the positioning bracket 17, is in full contact with the flowing hot air. It absorbs and stores excess heat during the peak stage of heat of hydration release, thus preventing the core temperature from becoming too high. When the ambient temperature decreases and the amount of heat of hydration release decreases, the replaceable heat storage unit 16 gradually releases the stored heat, thereby achieving peak shaving and valley filling of the temperature inside the stack and maintaining the temperature inside the stack in a stable and suitable range.

[0062] The thermal insulation enclosure 18 surrounding the outside of the stack, together with the thermal insulation cover 20 on top and the bottom moisture-proof layer 21, forms a semi-enclosed heat storage chamber 11, reducing the loss of heat and moisture inside the stack and maintaining a high humidity environment inside the stack. The ventilation openings 24 at the bottom and top of the stack form a natural airflow micro-circulation channel with bottom inlet and top outlet. The adjustable damper 25 hinged to the bottom ventilation opening 24 can steplessly adjust the opening. In conjunction with the monitoring element installed at the temperature and humidity monitoring device installation position 26, the temperature and humidity data inside the stack are collected in real time. When the temperature or humidity inside the stack is too high, the opening of the damper is increased to enhance ventilation, heat dissipation and dehumidification. When the temperature inside the stack is too low, the opening of the damper is decreased to reduce heat loss, thereby stabilizing the temperature and humidity inside the stack within a suitable range for maintenance.

[0063] After the precast components 10 have been cured to the factory strength, the insulation enclosure 18, insulation cover 20, replaceable heat storage unit 16 and positioning bracket 17 are removed in sequence. The removed parts can be transferred to the next curing stack for reuse. The bottom pallet 6, which contains the whole stack of precast components 10, can be transported in the factory by forklift through the forklift holes 8 between the wooden blocks 7, or by gantry crane through the lifting mechanism 9 on the bottom pallet 6, so that the whole stack can be lifted across the site without having to transport the components one by one, thus realizing the integrated connection of curing, storage and transfer operations.

[0064] Example 2 See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Example 1, this example takes the precast tunnel segment non-steam curing stacking and curing project as an example: Project background: Tunnel segment factory, C50 segment with outer diameter of 6.2m, ring width of 1.2m and thickness of 0.35m, steam curing process, after the demolding strength reaches 45% of the design strength, it is demolded and put into the curing yard. The average daily temperature of the yard in winter is about 8℃.

[0065] Stack parameters: Stack type: 3 layers × 4 pieces per layer, two pieces are placed back to back in the same layer with the ends facing the center of the stack, 12 pieces per stack, concrete volume is about 15.5m³, the total weight of the stack including the tray and heat storage module is about 57t; the external dimensions of the stack are about 5.2m × 2.4m × 3.8m; the core cavity 15 is 0.6m × 2.4m × 2.0m, and 8 phase change heat storage plates are inserted inside, with the size of 0.5m × 2.0m × 0.06m / plate, which are inserted in two layers through the vertical guide groove of the positioning bracket 17.

[0066] Stacking base system 1: The bottom pallet 6 is a steel frame pallet, 6.0m×2.6m, with 2 wooden blocks 7 underneath, and a forklift hole 8 with a clear width of 1.6m through; each end of the pallet is equipped with 2 lifting lugs for 80t gantry crane balance beams.

[0067] Stacking padding system 2: Type A arc-shaped pads, with the upper surface arc positioning groove 14 corresponding to the arc of the tube end face, arranged in pairs at 4 stress points in each layer; the pad height is 100mm, defining the interlayer ventilation gap 13 of about 100mm.

[0068] Thermal insulation enclosure system 4: Enclosure panel 1.2m×2.4m / piece, single piece weighs about 25kg, 10 pieces on four sides are interlocked to form an enclosure, vertical seam tongue 22 and slot 23 are connected, the lower edge of the panel is hooked to the edge of the tray; thermal insulation cover 20 two pieces overlap; bottom moisture-proof layer 21 is a moisture-proof roll material fully laid.

[0069] Control System 5: 2 ventilation openings 24 on each side at the bottom, 20 insulation covers, and 24 ventilation openings 24 at the top, all equipped with adjustable dampers 25; temperature and humidity monitoring device installation positions 26 are set at the height of the core / surface of the enclosure panels. Stacking cycle: 3-4 minutes for single piece hoisting, approximately 45 minutes for stacking 12 pieces; approximately 20 minutes for placing pads and inserting replaceable heat storage units 16; approximately 55 minutes for sealing the enclosure panels + insulation covers 20—approximately 2.5 hours per stack from demolding to stack sealing, matching the production line cycle.

[0070] Example 3 See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Examples 1 and 2, this example verifies the temperature history and temperature difference control within the stack: Test setup: The stack was constructed according to Example 1. Temperature measuring points were placed in the middle of the stack core, the stack surface, the gaps between the layers of the stack components, and the environment. Humidity measuring points were placed in the stack core and the stack surface. The monitoring was carried out continuously for 7 days.

[0071] Experimental results: The core of the stack: After the stack is sealed, the temperature rises to 25°C in 6 hours, reaches a peak of about 40°C in 16 hours, and then slowly falls back. The ≥25°C plateau is maintained for about 96 hours, and the temperature is still ≥18°C at the end of 7 days. The surface of the stack (component surface) remains stable in the range of 22 to 28°C, with fluctuations of only ±3°C depending on the ambient temperature throughout the day and night. Temperature difference between inside and outside the stack: Before the damper was adjusted, it reached 16℃. After adjusting according to "temperature difference > 12℃, open the bottom damper to half open", it was stably controlled at 8-12℃. Peak shaving and valley filling of heat storage module: Compared with the peak temperature of 48℃ in the core stack, it drops below 30℃ after 10 hours - the heat storage unit 16 can be replaced to reduce the peak temperature by about 8℃ and extend the plateau by about 60 hours. Humidity: Maintain RH ≥ 90% inside the stack for 7 days, and there should be no white spots of dehydration or plastic microcracks on the surface of the components.

[0072] Strength verification: 32.5 MPa for 3-day curing in the same stack, compared to 21 MPa for natural curing in the same environment; 45.2 MPa for 7-day curing, compared to 36.1 MPa—the curing time to reach the unloading strength without steam was shortened from 7 days to 4-5 days.

[0073] Example 4 See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Examples 1 and 2, this example describes the disassembly and assembly of the thermal insulation enclosure and the transport of the entire stack: Enclosure assembly and disassembly: It takes about 2 minutes for 2 people to insert a single enclosure panel; it takes about 45 minutes to disassemble and about 55 minutes to install the entire stack of enclosures and insulation covers 20, without tools or open flame; the enclosure panels and the replaceable heat storage units 16 are both reusable parts, and the integrity rate of the panels is ≥95% after 60 cycles. The only consumable part is the bottom moisture-proof layer 21.

[0074] Full stack transfer: Working condition A, in-plant transport: Forklifts transport the entire stack through forklift hole 8. When the stack weight is 57t, a large-tonnage forklift + pallet with wide beam (2 forklifts working together) is used. The round trip of a single stack with a transport distance of 200m takes about 25 minutes. Condition B, cross-site transfer: The 80t gantry crane lifts the entire stack to the upper transport vehicle using the lifting lugs and balance beam. The lifting and placement takes about 20 minutes. During transport, the heat storage unit 16 can be replaced and retained in the stack for continued insulation or removed and transferred to a new stack—maintenance, storage, and transport share the same stack base, eliminating the need for individual item handling.

[0075] Space occupied and efficiency: A single stack occupies 15.6m² to cure 12 pieces, which is equivalent to 1.3m² / piece. Compared with single-piece protection in a dispersed stack, which is about 2.3m² / piece, it saves about 43% of space.

[0076] Example 5 See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the following is a palletizing adaptation table for different component types in this embodiment:

[0077] Adaptation principle: Only the interlayer pad block 12 model and the core can be replaced with the heat storage unit 16 form. The stack base system 1, enclosure panel, insulation cover 20, ventilation opening 24 and air door are all universal - a set of enclosure and control system 5 adapts to four types of components. The enclosure panel is assembled according to the 1.2m module to adapt to the perimeter of the stack.

[0078] Comparative example: Comparative Example 1: Single-component flexible sealing curing cover; Each segment is individually covered with a flexible, sealed, and heat-insulating cover after demolding. The temperature inside the enclosure ranges from 18 to 26°C, fluctuating by ±8°C depending on the ambient temperature throughout the day and night. The temperature plateau lasts for only about 40 hours. 3D strength 26.8MPa (54%); each piece occupies approximately 2.3m² / piece, making it impossible to transport in whole stacks.

[0079] Comparative Example 2: Natural curing of components in bare stacking yard; The wooden components were stacked bare in the yard without any enclosure or heat storage measures. Component temperature ≈ ambient temperature, fluctuating between 2 and 14℃, with no temperature plateau; 3d strength 19.0 MPa (38%); rapid surface water loss, resulting in white spots due to water loss.

[0080] Comparative Example 3: Enclosed but Coreless Thermal Storage Module 3 - Ablation Comparison of Components of the Invention; Retain the enclosure panels, insulation cover 20 and ventilation adjustment, and remove the core heat storage module 3; The peak temperature of the stack core was 48℃, and it dropped below 30℃ after 10 hours; it remained at ≥25℃ for only about 36 hours. The peak temperature difference between the inside and outside of the stack was 18℃, and the 3-day strength was 29.3MPa (59%).

[0081] Comparative Example 4: Heat storage without ventilation openings 24 adjustment - ablation control of the component of this invention; The enclosure and replaceable heat storage unit 16 are retained, while the vents 24 and adjustable dampers 25 are removed, and the enclosure is fully enclosed. The peak temperature of the stack core rose to over 55°C and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the stack reached 24°C, indicating that the situation was out of control. The strength of the test block under the same conditions after 28 days was about 8% lower than that of the present invention (overheating caused damage to the strength in the later stage).

[0082] Summary comparison table:

[0083] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components that does not require steam curing, characterized in that: It includes a stack base system (1), a stacking pad layer system (2), a stack core heat storage module (3), a thermal insulation enclosure system (4), and a control system (5); The stack base system (1) includes a stack base pallet (6) and dunnage (7). The dunnage (7) is arranged below the stack base pallet (6), and forklift holes (8) are formed between the dunnage (7). The stack base pallet (6) is provided with a lifting and fitting structure (9). The palletizing padding system (2) is disposed between multiple stacked prefabricated components (10); The core heat storage module (3) is arranged in the center of the stack body formed by the prefabricated components (10) after stacking; The thermal insulation enclosure system (4) is set on the outside of the stack body and is connected to the bottom tray (6) of the stack to form a semi-closed heat storage chamber (11); The control system (5) is mounted on the thermal insulation enclosure system (4).

2. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacking padding system (2) includes interlayer pads (12), which are symmetrically arranged between two adjacent layers of prefabricated components (10). The height of the interlayer pads (12) defines the interlayer ventilation gap (13). The upper surface of the interlayer pads (12) is provided with positioning grooves (14), and the lower edge of the upper prefabricated component (10) is embedded in the positioning grooves (14).

3. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning groove (14) is an arc-shaped groove or a flat groove; the interlayer pad (12) is set in various shapes and specifications.

4. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The core heat storage module (3) includes a core cavity (15), a replaceable heat storage unit (16), and a positioning bracket (17); the positioning bracket (17) is a vertical guide groove structure, and the positioning bracket (17) is fixed on the inner wall of the core cavity (15); the replaceable heat storage unit (16) is inserted into the core cavity (15) along the positioning bracket (17).

5. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The replaceable heat storage unit (16) is a phase change heat storage plate, a hydrated salt phase change plate, or a heat storage brick. An airflow annular gap is reserved between the replaceable heat storage unit (16) and the positioning bracket (17).

6. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation enclosure system (4) includes thermal insulation enclosure panels (18), plug-in connectors (19), thermal insulation covers (20), and bottom moisture-proof layers (21); the bottom moisture-proof layers (21) are laid on the upper surface of the bottom tray (6); adjacent thermal insulation enclosure panels (18) are spliced ​​together around the stack body through the plug-in connectors (19); the thermal insulation covers (20) overlap and cover the top of the thermal insulation enclosure panels (18).

7. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plug-in connector (19) includes a tongue (22) and a slot (23). Two adjacent insulation panels (18) are fitted together by the tongue (22) and the slot (23). The bottom hook of the insulation panel (18) is attached to the hanging seat on the edge of the stack bottom tray (6).

8. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control system (5) includes a vent (24), an adjustable damper (25), and a temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position (26); the vent (24) is respectively located at the bottom and top of the stack; the adjustable damper (25) is hinged to the vent (24) at the bottom of the stack; the temperature and humidity monitoring device mounting position (26) is a reserved wire hole and sensor seat opened on the insulation enclosure (18).

9. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 8, characterized in that: The opening of the adjustable damper (25) can be steplessly adjusted between fully open, half open and fully closed. The ventilation port (24) at the bottom of the stack and the ventilation port (24) at the top of the stack cooperate to form a micro-circulation channel inside the stack that is lower in and upper out.

10. The stacking and heat storage curing system for precast components without steam curing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom pallet (6) is a steel frame pallet or a concrete pallet; the forklift hole (8) is adapted to forklift forks; and the lifting assembly (9) is adapted to gantry crane lifting.

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