Gas expansion push type ejection system for electric vehicle battery packs

Abstract

The application discloses a gas expansion push type ejection system of an electric vehicle battery pack and belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle battery packs.The structure comprises a pushing mechanism, a locking mechanism, an electric wire connector, a pipeline connector, a rope mechanism, a triggering mechanism and a gas generator.The pushing mechanism comprises a side pushing mechanism and a pack body pushing mechanism, and the side pushing mechanism comprises a left side cylinder, a right side cylinder, a straight pushing rod and a piston.When a collision accident occurs to the electric vehicle, a collision sensor sends a start ejection signal to an electronic control unit of the electric vehicle, the electronic control unit outputs a signal to trigger the electric resistance wire of the gas generator to be electrified, sodium azide or guanidine nitrate in the gas generator is caused to react, the gas in the cylinder cavity or the outer shell expands, the pressure rises, the pressure of the cylinder cavity pushes the battery pack to move to the rear of the vehicle body, and finally the battery pack shell and the battery module are moved out of the vehicle body, so that the battery module is separated from the vehicle body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a battery pack system, belonging to the field of electric vehicle battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack ejection system that can automatically detach from the electric vehicle when a collision occurs. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicle battery packs, such as Figure 9 As shown: The main body consists of battery modules, cables and an external housing, while the auxiliary parts include the battery management system (BMS), thermal management system, electrical system, etc.

[0003] Structure of electric vehicle battery pack

[0004] Battery module: Composed of multiple battery cells connected in series or parallel, it is the core part of the battery pack for storing and releasing electrical energy. The battery module is equipped with positive and negative electrodes and is connected to electrical units such as charging plugs and motors through wires.

[0005] The Battery Management System (BMS) is responsible for monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the battery pack, performing power calculations, battery balancing, and overcharge / over-discharge protection to ensure the safety and performance of the battery pack. The temperature sensor is located next to the battery module and is connected to the BMS via a wire.

[0006] Thermal management system: Includes cooling and heating devices, used to control the temperature of the battery pack and ensure that the battery operates within a suitable temperature range to improve battery efficiency and lifespan. The heating device is a heating wire that is wound around the battery module. The cooling device is a cooling pipe filled with coolant and wound around the battery module. One end of the pipe is connected to the inlet of the cooling circulation pump, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the cooling circulation pump.

[0007] Electrical system: Includes charging and discharging wires, control signal wires, relays, etc., used to realize the transmission of electrical energy and instrument signals between the battery pack and other components of the electric vehicle.

[0008] Housing structural components: battery pack housing and bracket. The battery pack housing includes a base plate, side frames, and a cover plate. The side frames are located around the base plate and are connected to the base plate at the bottom. The cover plate is located at the top and is connected to the side frames by screws. The battery modules are located inside the battery pack housing. The bracket is located on the outside of the battery pack housing. The battery pack housing is fixedly connected to the chassis of the vehicle by the bracket, which serves to protect the internal components, fix the battery modules, and provide heat dissipation channels.

[0009] Working principle of electric vehicle battery pack

[0010] Charging process: When an electric vehicle is connected to a charging station, an external power source inputs electrical energy into the battery pack through the charging interface. Under the control of the battery management system, current flows into the battery module according to a certain charging strategy, causing lithium ions in the battery cells to move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and embed into the negative electrode material. At the same time, electrons flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the external circuit, thus storing electrical energy.

[0011] Discharge process: When an electric vehicle is in motion, the battery pack supplies power to loads such as the drive motor. Under the monitoring of the battery management system, lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in the individual battery cells of the battery module, while electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit, forming an electric current to provide power for the electric vehicle.

[0012] The role of the battery management system (BMS): Throughout the charging and discharging process, the BMS monitors various parameters of the battery pack in real time and adjusts the charging and discharging current accordingly to ensure the safety and performance of the battery pack. When the charge levels of individual cells in the battery pack become uneven, the BMS will also perform battery balancing to extend the overall lifespan of the battery pack.

[0013] The function of the thermal management system: Based on the temperature of the battery pack, the thermal management system activates cooling or heating devices to maintain the battery pack within a suitable operating temperature range. For example, when the battery pack temperature is too high, the cooling system removes heat by circulating coolant; when the temperature is too low, the heating system heats the battery pack to improve battery performance and safety.

[0014] The shortcomings of existing electric vehicle battery packs: The battery pack is fixedly installed on the chassis of the electric vehicle, and when the battery catches fire, it affects the safety of the people inside the vehicle.

[0015] When an electric vehicle is involved in a collision, the battery is prone to catching fire. The fire spreads rapidly and fiercely and is not easy to extinguish. Since the battery pack is fixedly installed on the chassis of the car, once a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, it is difficult for the people inside to evacuate in time, which affects their safety. Summary of the Invention

[0016] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a gas expansion-driven ejection system for electric vehicle battery packs. This device can eject the battery pack from the rear of the vehicle during a collision, thus detaching the battery pack from the vehicle.

[0017] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above problems is: a gas expansion push-type ejection system for an electric vehicle battery pack, the structure of which includes a push mechanism, a locking mechanism, a wire connector, a pipe connector, a rope mechanism, a triggering mechanism, and a gas generator; the push mechanism includes a side push mechanism and a pack body push mechanism, the side push mechanism including a left cylinder, a right cylinder, a push rod, and a piston; the battery pack housing is located on the upper part of the vehicle chassis and below the foot pedal, the left cylinder is located on the left side of the battery pack housing, the right cylinder is located on the right side of the battery pack housing, and the left and right cylinders are fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle through a bracket; a left transverse column is provided at the rear left side of the battery pack housing, and a push rod is located inside the left cylinder, the front end of which is connected to the piston, and the rear end of which is connected to the left cylinder. A horizontal column is connected; a right horizontal column is set at the rear right side of the battery pack housing, and a straight push rod is set in the right cylinder, with its front end connected to the piston and its rear end connected to the right horizontal column; the pack pushing mechanism includes an outer housing and a front cylinder. The outer housing is set on the outside of the battery pack housing and includes an outer bottom plate, an outer frame, a top cover, and a bracket. The outer frame is set at the front, left, and right sides of the battery pack housing, with its lower part connected to the outer bottom plate and the top cover set at the top and connected to the outer frame. The outer housing is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle through the bracket, and a through hole is set on the front outer frame; the front cylinder is set at the front of the outer housing and fixedly connected to the chassis. The tail of the front cylinder is connected to the front outer frame of the outer housing, and the cylinder passes through the outer frame of the front outer frame. The through hole communicates with the interior of the outer casing; the locking mechanism includes a locking ring, a hook-shaped locking pin, and a locking pin cylinder, located at the front of the battery pack housing or the front of the outer casing. At least one locking ring is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing, or passes through a through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing. The rear of the locking pin passes through a hole in the middle of the locking ring, and the front is located inside the locking pin cylinder, with its front end connected to a piston. A pressure spring is installed at the rear of the piston inside the locking pin cylinder, and the locking pin cylinder is fixedly connected to the chassis; the wire connector is a plug-in connector, including a pin, a socket, and a socket seat. The pin is located at the front of the battery pack housing, and the front of the pin is inserted into the socket, or the front of the pin passes through a through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer casing and is inserted into the socket. The positive electrode, negative electrode, and control instrument of the module are connected to the pins of the wire connectors via wires. The sockets of the wire connectors are located on the socket base, which is fixedly connected to the chassis. The pipe connectors are plug-in connectors, including inner pipe connectors, outer pipe connectors, and brackets. There are two inner pipe connectors, located at the front of the battery pack housing. The front of the inner pipe connector is inserted into the outer pipe connector, or the front of the inner pipe connector passes through the through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and is inserted into the outer pipe connector. The two ends of the cooling pipe inside the battery pack housing are each connected to one inner pipe connector. There are two outer pipe connectors, located at the front of the battery pack housing, and fixedly connected to the chassis via brackets. Each of the two outer pipe connectors is connected to the inlet and outlet of the cooling circulation pump via a cooling pipe.The rope mechanism includes a rope, hooks, and retaining rings. The retaining rings are respectively located on the front of the battery pack housing and on the chassis. Hooks are located at both ends of the rope, which is connected to the retaining rings via the hooks, or the rope passes through a through-hole in the front of the outer housing and connects to the retaining rings. The triggering mechanism includes a collision sensor, a button, and a smoke alarm. These are located on the electric vehicle's body and are connected to the electric vehicle's electronic control unit via wires. A gas generator is located in the front cylinder, locking cylinder, left cylinder, and right cylinder. An expanding agent and a resistance wire are located within the gas generator. The expanding agent is sodium azide or guanidine nitrate. Each end of the resistance wire is connected to a wire; one wire connects to one electrode of the independent power supply battery, and the other wire connects to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is connected to the other electrode of the independent power supply battery via a wire.

[0018] Its beneficial effects are:

[0019] In the event of a collision involving an electric vehicle, a trigger ejection signal is sent to the vehicle's electronic control unit via a collision sensor, smoke alarm, or manual button press. The electronic control unit outputs a signal that energizes the resistance wire of the gas generator, causing the sodium azide or guanidine nitrate inside the gas generator to react. This causes the gas in the cylinder chamber to expand and increase in pressure. The pressure in the cylinder chamber pushes the battery pack toward the rear of the vehicle until the battery pack casing and battery module are removed from the vehicle body. This detaches the battery module from the vehicle body, ensuring that even if the battery module catches fire, it will not threaten the lives of the occupants. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The gas expansion-driven ejection system for electric vehicle battery packs of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the gas expansion-driven ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention. The battery pack housing in the figure is a top view, with the front parts of the left and right cylinders removed.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack housing of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for electric vehicle battery packs of the present invention, viewed from the rear of the vehicle. The rear of the vehicle body components have been removed from the diagram.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing and front cylinder of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention. The outer casing and front cylinder are shown in a top view, with the top cover of the outer casing and the front part of the front cylinder removed.

[0024] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing and battery pack casing of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention, viewed from the rear of the vehicle. The rear body components of the vehicle are removed from the diagram.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wire connector of the gas expansion push-type pop-out system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention. The front part of the socket has been removed from the diagram.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pipe connection of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rope mechanism of the gas expansion-driven ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack using existing technology, with the cover plate of the battery pack casing removed.

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an existing airbag technology, with the front part of the gas generator removed.

[0031] In the diagram, 1 is the battery module, 2 is the battery pack casing, 3 is the gas generator, 4 is the base plate, 5 is the side frame, 6 is the cover plate, 7 is the foot pedal, 8 is the chassis, 9 is the left cylinder, 10 is the right cylinder, 11 is the bracket, 12 is the left horizontal column, 13 is the right horizontal column, 14 is the straight push rod, 15 is the piston, 16 is the positive electrode, 17 is the negative electrode, 18 is the button, 19 is the top cover plate, 20 is the front cylinder, 21 is the through hole, 22 is the locking ring, 23 is the locking pin, 24 is the locking pin cylinder, 25 is the pressure spring, and 26 is the wire connector. 27 is the wire, 28 is the pin, 29 is the socket, 30 is the outer casing, 31 is the socket base, 32 is the rope, 33 is the hook, 34 is the retaining ring, 35 is the pipe connector, 36 is the temperature sensor, 37 is the independent power supply battery, 38 is the cooling circulation pump, 39 is the cooling pipe, 40 is the inner pipe connector, 41 is the outer pipe connector, 42 is the heating wire, 43 is the collision sensor, 44 is the resistance wire, 45 is the smoke alarm, 46 is the electronic control unit, 47 is the airbag, 48 is the outer base plate, and 49 is the outer frame. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The principle and operation of the gas expansion-driven ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] A gas expansion-driven ejection system for an electric vehicle battery pack, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown: Its structure includes a pushing mechanism, a locking mechanism, a wire connector, a pipe connector, a rope mechanism, a triggering mechanism, and a gas generator; the pushing mechanism includes a side pushing mechanism and a battery pack pushing mechanism. The side pushing mechanism includes a left cylinder, a right cylinder, a push rod, and a piston; the battery pack housing is located on the upper part of the vehicle chassis and below the foot pedal. The left cylinder is located on the left side of the battery pack housing, and the right cylinder is located on the right side of the battery pack housing. The left and right cylinders are fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle via brackets; a left transverse column is provided at the rear left side of the battery pack housing, and a push rod is located inside the left cylinder, with its front end connected to the piston and its rear end connected to the left transverse column; a right transverse column is provided at the rear right side of the battery pack housing, and a... The push rod is located inside the right-side cylinder, with its front end connected to the piston and its rear end connected to the right transverse column. The battery pack pushing mechanism includes an outer casing and a front cylinder. The outer casing is located on the outside of the battery pack housing and includes an outer bottom plate, an outer side frame, a top cover, and a bracket. The outer side frame is located at the front, left, and right sides of the battery pack housing, with its lower part connected to the outer bottom plate and the top cover located at the top and connected to the outer side frame. The outer casing is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle via the bracket, and a through hole is provided on the front outer side frame. The front cylinder is located at the front of the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the chassis. The tail of the front cylinder is connected to the front outer side frame of the outer casing and communicates with the inside of the outer casing through the through hole on the front outer side frame. A locking mechanism, such as... Figure 7 As shown: Includes a locking ring, a hook-shaped locking pin, and a locking pin cylinder, located at the front of the battery pack housing or the front of the outer housing. At least one locking ring is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing, or passes through a through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing. The rear of the locking pin passes through a hole in the middle of the locking ring, and the front part is located inside the locking pin cylinder, with its front end connected to a piston. A pressure spring is installed at the rear of the piston inside the locking pin cylinder. The locking pin cylinder is fixedly connected to the chassis; electrical connector, such as... Figure 5 The diagram shows a pluggable connector, including pins, sockets, and socket bases. The pins are located at the front of the battery pack housing, with the front part of the pin inserted into the socket, or the front part of the pin passes through a through-hole on the outer edge of the front of the outer housing and is inserted into the socket. The positive electrode, negative electrode, and control instrument of the battery module are connected to the pins of the connector via wires. The socket of the connector is located on the socket base, which is fixedly connected to the chassis. Pipe connectors, such as… Figure 6The diagram shows a pluggable connector, including an inner tube connector, an outer tube connector, and a bracket. There are two inner tube connectors located at the front of the battery pack housing. The front of the inner tube connector inserts into the outer tube connector, or the front of the inner tube connector passes through a through-hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and inserts into the outer tube connector. The cooling pipes inside the battery pack housing are each connected to one inner tube connector. There are two outer tube connectors located at the front of the battery pack housing, fixedly connected to the chassis via a bracket. Each of the two outer tube connectors is connected to the inlet and outlet of the cooling circulation pump via a cooling pipe. A rope mechanism is also included. Figure 8 As shown: The system includes a rope, hooks, and retaining rings. The retaining rings are respectively located on the front of the battery pack housing and on the chassis. The hooks are located at both ends of the rope, which is connected to the retaining rings via the hooks, or the rope passes through a through-hole in the front of the outer housing and connects to the retaining rings. The triggering mechanism includes a collision sensor, a button, and a smoke alarm. The collision sensor, button, and smoke alarm are located on the vehicle body of the electric vehicle and are connected to the electric vehicle's electronic control unit via wires. A gas generator is located in the front cylinder, the locking cylinder, the left cylinder, and the right cylinder. An expanding agent and a resistance wire are located in the gas generator. The expanding agent is sodium azide or guanidine nitrate. Each end of the resistance wire is connected to a wire. One wire is connected to one electrode of the independent power supply battery, and the other wire is connected to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is connected to the other electrode of the independent power supply battery via a wire.

[0034] The gas expansion propulsion system of the electric vehicle battery pack in this invention is inspired by automotive airbag technology. Airbags inflate to protect occupants during a collision by triggering a gas generator through a collision sensor. The expansion of the gas not only inflates the airbag but also generates pressure that can move objects. Based on this principle, the applicant believes that in the event of a collision, simply moving the latch to disengage it from the bolt will automatically unlock the car door. Since this invention's gas expansion propulsion system for the electric vehicle battery pack uses a similar principle to airbags, a brief explanation of airbags is also provided here. Figure 10 As shown: The structure of an airbag includes an airbag, a battery, a gas generator, a collision sensor, and an electronic control unit. One end of a resistance wire in the gas generator is connected to one electrode of the battery via a wire, and the other end of the resistance wire is connected to the vehicle's electronic control unit via another wire. The electronic control unit is connected to the other electrode of the battery via a wire, and the collision sensor is connected to the electronic control unit via a wire.

[0035] Normally, airbags are folded and stored in specific locations inside the vehicle, such as the center of the steering wheel or the dashboard. They are typically made of strong yet soft fabric, effectively cushioning impacts upon deployment. The gas generator is responsible for rapidly producing a large amount of gas upon triggering, causing the airbag to inflate and deploy quickly.

[0036] Sensors come in various types, such as collision sensors, which are often installed at the front and sides of the vehicle to detect the intensity and direction of collisions. When a collision reaches a certain threshold, it sends a signal to the control unit. There are also safety sensors, which act as a safety measure to prevent false triggering. The airbag system will only activate when both the airbag and the collision sensor meet the triggering conditions.

[0037] The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is like the brain of the airbag system. It receives signals from sensors, analyzes and judges the signals, and if the judgment result meets the conditions for the airbag to deploy, it will send a command to the gas generator to trigger the airbag to work.

[0038] How airbags work

[0039] During normal vehicle operation, the airbag system remains in standby mode. When a collision occurs, the collision sensors immediately detect the intensity and angle of the impact and transmit the corresponding signals to the Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The ECU quickly analyzes and processes these signals. If the collision severity reaches a pre-set threshold, and the safety sensors simultaneously confirm that the triggering requirements are met, the ECU sends a command to the airbag generator. Upon receiving the command, the gasbag generator energizes its internal resistance wire, generating high temperatures that cause a chemical reaction in the inflator. For example, the decomposition of substances like sodium azide produces a large amount of nitrogen gas, causing the airbag to inflate and deploy rapidly within a very short time, typically tens of milliseconds. This creates a buffer zone between the occupants and hard objects inside the vehicle, thus mitigating the impact injury. For instance, in a severe frontal collision, the airbags located at the steering wheel and dashboard will deploy to protect the front-seat occupants.

[0040] Example

[0041] In the event of a collision involving an electric vehicle, a trigger signal is sent to the vehicle's electronic control unit (ECU) via a collision sensor, smoke alarm, or manual button press. The ECU outputs a signal that energizes the resistance wire in the gas generator, causing a reaction between sodium azide or guanidine nitrate within the generator. This expansion and increased pressure in the cylinder chamber pushes the piston, disengaging the locking hook and ring at the front of the battery pack housing. The pistons in the left and right cylinders then push the push rod towards the rear of the vehicle, which in turn drives the electric... The battery pack housing moves towards the rear of the vehicle until the battery pack housing and battery module are removed from the rear of the vehicle, or the sodium azide or guanidine nitrate in the gas generator in the front cylinder reacts, causing the gas in the front cylinder chamber to expand and increase in pressure. The expanded gas enters the space between the outer housing and the battery pack housing through the through-hole in the outer housing, pushing the battery pack housing towards the rear of the vehicle until the battery pack housing and battery module are removed from the vehicle, thus detaching the battery module from the vehicle body. Even if the battery module catches fire, it will not threaten the lives of the people inside the vehicle. The rope mechanism is designed to ensure the safety of people and property in the rear area of ​​the vehicle. After the battery module is ejected, it is pulled by the rope and stays near the rear of the vehicle, preventing it from flying out and hitting pedestrians or objects.

[0042] Structural components at the rear of an electric vehicle, such as the rear bumper beam, need to be designed to allow space for the battery pack to be removed. They need to be positioned upwards or downwards, or fixedly connected to the rear of the battery pack housing. Decorative components at the rear of an electric vehicle, such as the outer shell, can be fixedly connected to the rear of the battery pack housing.

[0043] The circuit components described in the specification of the gas expansion push-type ejection system for the electric vehicle battery pack of this invention are simplified. For example, voltage conversion, relay isolation, and secondary control circuits are not mentioned, as they are all prior art. Moreover, describing them in detail would be too cumbersome. They are only used here to illustrate the principle and logical relationship of the circuits involved in this invention.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas expansion-driven ejection system for an electric vehicle battery pack, which is an improvement on the connection method between the electric vehicle battery pack and the electric vehicle body, mainly composed of a pushing mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a triggering mechanism, characterized in that: Its structure includes a pushing mechanism, a locking mechanism, a wire connector, a pipe connector, a rope mechanism, a triggering mechanism, and a gas generator; the pushing mechanism includes a side pushing mechanism and a battery pack pushing mechanism, the side pushing mechanism including a left cylinder, a right cylinder, a push rod, and a piston; the battery pack housing is located on the upper part of the vehicle chassis, below the foot pedal, the left cylinder is located on the left side of the battery pack housing, and the right cylinder is located on the right side of the battery pack housing, the left cylinder and the right cylinder are fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle by a bracket; a left transverse column is set at the rear left side of the battery pack housing, and a push rod is set inside the left cylinder, the front end of which is connected to the piston, and the rear end of which is connected to the left transverse column; a right transverse column is set at the rear right side of the battery pack housing, and a push rod is set inside the left cylinder, the front end of which is connected to the piston, and the rear end of which is connected to the left transverse column; a right transverse column is set at the rear right side of the battery pack housing, and a push rod is set inside the right cylinder. The rod is located inside the right-side cylinder, with its front end connected to the piston and its rear end connected to the right transverse column. The battery pack pushing mechanism includes an outer casing and a front cylinder. The outer casing is located outside the battery pack housing and includes an outer bottom plate, an outer frame, a top cover, and a bracket. The outer frame is located at the front, left, and right sides of the battery pack housing, with its lower part connected to the outer bottom plate and the top cover located at the top and connected to the outer frame. The outer casing is fixedly connected to the chassis of the electric vehicle via the bracket, and a through hole is provided on the front outer frame. The front cylinder is located at the front of the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the chassis. The tail of the front cylinder is connected to the front outer frame of the outer casing and communicates with the interior of the outer casing through the through hole on the front outer frame. The locking mechanism includes a lock. A ring-shaped locking pin and a locking pin cylinder are located at the front of the battery pack housing or the front of the outer housing. At least one locking ring is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing, or passes through a through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and is fixedly connected to the front of the battery pack housing. The rear part of the locking pin passes through a hole in the middle of the locking ring, and the front part is located in the locking pin cylinder. The front end is connected to a piston. A pressure spring is installed at the rear of the piston in the locking pin cylinder. The locking pin cylinder is fixedly connected to the chassis. The wire connector is a plug-in connector, including a pin, a socket, and a socket seat. The pin is located at the front of the battery pack housing. The front part of the pin is inserted into the socket, or the front part of the pin passes through a through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and is inserted into the socket. The positive electrode and negative electrode of the battery module are connected to the socket. The poles and control instruments are connected to the pins of the wire connectors via wires. The sockets of the wire connectors are located on the socket base, which is fixedly connected to the chassis. The pipe connectors are plug-in connectors, including inner pipe connectors, outer pipe connectors, and brackets. There are two inner pipe connectors, located at the front of the battery pack housing. The front of the inner pipe connector is inserted into the outer pipe connector, or the front of the inner pipe connector passes through the through hole on the outer side frame of the front of the outer housing and is inserted into the outer pipe connector. The two ends of the cooling pipes inside the battery pack housing are each connected to one inner pipe connector. There are two outer pipe connectors, located at the front of the battery pack housing, and fixedly connected to the chassis via brackets. Each of the two outer pipe connectors is connected to the inlet and outlet of the cooling circulation pump via a cooling pipe.The rope mechanism includes a rope, hooks, and retaining rings. The retaining rings are respectively located on the front of the battery pack housing and on the chassis. Hooks are located at both ends of the rope, which is connected to the retaining rings via the hooks, or the rope passes through a through-hole in the front of the outer housing and connects to the retaining rings. The triggering mechanism includes a collision sensor, a button, and a smoke alarm. These are located on the electric vehicle's body and are connected to the electric vehicle's electronic control unit via wires. A gas generator is located in the front cylinder, locking cylinder, left cylinder, and right cylinder. An expanding agent and a resistance wire are located within the gas generator. The expanding agent is sodium azide or guanidine nitrate. Each end of the resistance wire is connected to a wire; one wire connects to one electrode of the independent power supply battery, and the other wire connects to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is connected to the other electrode of the independent power supply battery via a wire.

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