An electric vehicle thermal runaway active pressure relief control method and device and an electric vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses an electric vehicle thermal runaway active pressure relief control method and device and an electric vehicle, and particularly relates to the technical field of electric vehicle battery management systems. The method comprises the following steps: detecting the smoke concentration inside a battery pack in real time; when a preset early trigger condition is met, generating an early smoke signal, which is directly sent to the control unit of an electronic explosion-proof valve through a direct control path, and the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action, thereby generating a pre-opening state signal, which is sent to the battery management system; at the same time, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system through a first signal line for parallel verification, thereby generating a verification result signal, which is sent to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve; and according to the verification result signal, the valve body is controlled to perform corresponding pressure relief actions or reset actions, so that the optimal pressure relief opportunity can be grasped, the battery pack sealing property is maintained for micro-pressure relief in the early warning stage to reduce risks, and large-flow pressure relief is rapidly performed after a real thermal runaway is confirmed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electric vehicle battery management system technology, and in particular to an active pressure relief control method, device and electric vehicle for thermal runaway control of electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the industry generally adopts a "passive monitoring + passive execution" technical logic to address thermal runaway in electric vehicle battery packs. The battery management system (BMS), as the control core, needs to simultaneously collect multiple key parameters within the battery pack, such as pressure, temperature, individual cell voltage, and circuit current, and use a preset algorithm to couple and determine whether thermal runaway has been triggered. The explosion-proof valve, as the pressure relief actuator, relies on a mechanical triggering mechanism and only passively responds when thermal runaway has occurred and the internal pressure or temperature reaches a critical value. This technology suffers from at least the following problems: First, there is a significant time lag between thermal runaway detection and explosion-proof valve action. Because the multi-parameter coupling calculation of the BMS is time-consuming, the optimal pressure relief opportunity in the early stages of thermal runaway is missed. Second, the explosion-proof valve can only be passively opened and has a single action, unable to provide dynamic, phased pressure relief control based on the actual development of thermal runaway. It cannot provide small-scale pressure relief in the early stages to reduce risk, and may not be able to quickly meet the large-flow pressure relief requirements in later stages. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an active pressure relief control method, device and electric vehicle for thermal runaway of electric vehicles, in order to solve the problems of missing the best pressure relief opportunity in the early stage of thermal runaway and being unable to perform small pressure relief in the early stage to reduce risks, and possibly being unable to quickly meet the large flow pressure relief requirements in the later stage.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides an active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles, applied to an active pressure relief device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles. The device includes a smoke sensor module, a battery management system, and an electronic explosion-proof valve. The smoke sensor module includes multiple distributed smoke sensors and redundant smoke sensors. The electronic explosion-proof valve includes a valve body and a control unit connected to the valve body. The method includes: Based on the distributed smoke sensor and the redundant smoke sensor, the smoke concentration inside the battery pack is detected in real time. When the smoke concentration meets the preset early triggering condition, an early smoke signal is generated and sent directly to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve through the direct control path. Based on the control unit, according to the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action, a pre-opening status signal is generated, and the pre-opening status signal is sent to the battery management system; at the same time, based on the distributed smoke sensor, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system through the first signal line. Based on the battery management system, parallel verification is performed according to the early smoke signal to generate a verification result signal, and the verification result signal is sent to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve. Based on the control unit, and according to the verification result signal, the valve body is controlled to perform the corresponding pressure relief action or reset action.

[0005] Secondly, this application provides an active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway of electric vehicles, including: a smoke sensor module, a battery management system and an electronic explosion-proof valve; The smoke sensor module includes multiple distributed smoke sensors and at least one redundant smoke sensor. The multiple distributed smoke sensors are distributed inside the battery pack, and the redundant smoke sensor is located at the center of the battery pack. The electronic explosion-proof valve is installed on the housing of the battery pack and includes a valve body, a triggering device disposed in the valve body, and a control unit electrically connected to the triggering device. The distributed smoke sensors and the redundant smoke sensors are all communicatively connected to the signal input terminal of the battery management system via a first signal line; The distributed smoke sensors and the redundant smoke sensors are also connected to the control unit via a second signal line, forming a direct control path that does not go through the battery management system. The control unit is also connected to the execution signal output terminal of the battery management system; The control unit executes the above-described active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles.

[0006] Thirdly, this application provides an electric vehicle including the aforementioned active thermal runaway relief device for electric vehicles.

[0007] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application generates early smoke signals using distributed and redundant smoke sensors, and sends them directly to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve via a direct control path. The control unit then controls the valve to perform a pre-opening action based on the early smoke signal. Simultaneously, the early smoke signal is sent to the Battery Management System (BMS) for parallel verification. Finally, based on the verification result, the control unit controls the valve to perform the corresponding pressure relief or reset action. This technical solution bypasses the delay caused by the multi-parameter coupling calculations of traditional battery management systems, enabling the explosion-proof valve to respond directly and perform micro-pressure relief in the early stages of thermal runaway. This completely eliminates the time difference between thermal runaway detection and the explosion-proof valve's action, seizing the optimal pressure relief opportunity. Furthermore, by combining pre-opening with parallel verification, a phased and progressive dynamic pressure relief control is achieved. This allows for micro-pressure relief to maintain the battery pack's sealing during the early warning stage to reduce risk, and rapid large-flow pressure relief after confirming actual thermal runaway, or timely reset in case of false alarms. This effectively solves the problem that traditional mechanical explosion-proof valves cannot actively intervene and dynamically adjust the pressure relief process, improving the safety protection capability and response accuracy of electric vehicle battery packs. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway in an electric vehicle, provided in one embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in an electric vehicle, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0011] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] like Figure 1As shown, this application provides an active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway of electric vehicles, including: a smoke sensor module 1, a battery management system 2, and an electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0013] The smoke sensor module 1 includes multiple distributed smoke sensors 4 and at least one redundant smoke sensor 5. The multiple distributed smoke sensors 4 are distributed inside the battery pack, and the redundant smoke sensor 5 is located at the center of the battery pack.

[0014] The electronic explosion-proof valve 3 is installed on the housing of the battery pack and includes a valve body, a triggering device disposed in the valve body, and a control unit electrically connected to the triggering device; the triggering device is a TNT triggering device, i.e., an electronic detonation device.

[0015] The distributed smoke sensors 4 and the redundant smoke sensors 5 are all connected to the signal input terminal of the battery management system 2 via the first signal line 66.

[0016] The distributed smoke sensors 4 and the redundant smoke sensors 5 are also connected to the control unit via the second signal line 77, forming a direct control path that does not go through the battery management system 2.

[0017] The control unit is also connected to the execution signal output terminal of the battery management system 2.

[0018] The control unit executes the above-described active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles.

[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the plurality of distributed smoke sensors 4 are laser scattering smoke sensors, and the plurality of distributed smoke sensors 4 are arranged in a multi-point distributed manner and installed between every two cell modules inside the battery pack; the triggering device is an electronic detonation device.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the valve body is configured to perform multi-stage actions from a slightly open state to a fully open state to a reset state according to the instructions of the control unit, rather than simply passively relying on the internal pressure of the battery pack to open; wherein the slightly open state is used for minor pressure relief, and the fully open state is used for large-flow pressure relief.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, this application provides a method for active pressure relief control of thermal runaway in electric vehicles, characterized in that it is applied to an active pressure relief device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles. The device includes a smoke sensor module 1, a battery management system 2, and an electronic explosion-proof valve 3. The smoke sensor module 1 includes multiple distributed smoke sensors 4 and redundant smoke sensors 5. The electronic explosion-proof valve 3 includes a valve body and a control unit connected to the valve body. The method includes: S1, based on the distributed smoke sensor 4 and the redundant smoke sensor 5, the smoke concentration inside the battery pack is detected in real time. When the smoke concentration meets the preset early triggering condition, an early smoke signal is generated and the early smoke signal is sent directly to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 through the direct control path.

[0022] S2, based on the control unit, according to the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action, a pre-opening status signal is generated, and the pre-opening status signal is sent to the battery management system 2; at the same time, based on the distributed smoke sensor 4, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system 2 through the first signal line 6.

[0023] S3, based on the battery management system 2, perform parallel verification according to the early smoke signal, generate a verification result signal, and send the verification result signal to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0024] S4. Based on the control unit, according to the verification result signal, control the valve body to perform the corresponding pressure relief action or reset action.

[0025] Currently, the industry generally adopts a "passive monitoring + passive execution" technical logic to deal with thermal runaway. That is, the BMS, as the control core, needs to collect four key parameters inside the battery pack: pressure, temperature, individual cell voltage, and circuit current. It uses preset algorithms (such as threshold comparison and rate of change analysis) to determine whether thermal runaway has been triggered. The explosion-proof valve, as the pressure relief actuator, relies on a mechanical triggering mechanism and only responds passively when thermal runaway has occurred and the internal pressure / temperature has reached a critical value.

[0026] This application addresses the "judgment-action" time lag problem in existing power battery explosion-proof technologies. Its core innovations, achieved through a two-dimensional approach of "hardware module upgrades + control logic reconfiguration," result in three key technological points: enabling early active pressure relief in the event of thermal runaway. This allows smoke signals to bypass multi-parameter coupling calculations and directly drive the explosion-proof valve, establishing a rapid response channel from "early signal to execution terminal." This maintains the battery pack's sealing during early micro-pressure relief and enables rapid full-load pressure relief as thermal runaway intensifies. The results represent a breakthrough improvement in response speed, significantly optimized action accuracy, and maximized sensor functionality. Upgrading the smoke sensor from a "passive warning element" to an "active control trigger element" directly transforms early warning signals into intervention actions, improving the cost-effectiveness by ≥30%.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, in S1, when the smoke concentration meets a preset early triggering condition, an early smoke signal is generated, including: S11, acquire the first smoke concentration value detected by the multiple distributed smoke sensors 4, and the second smoke concentration value detected by the redundant smoke sensor 5.

[0028] S12, if the number of distributed smoke sensors 4 whose first smoke concentration value reaches the preset early threshold is greater than or equal to the preset number threshold, and the second smoke concentration value reaches the preset auxiliary verification threshold, then it is determined that the early triggering condition is met, and the early smoke signal is generated.

[0029] In practical applications, S1 is the early signal rapid triggering stage.

[0030] Execution entities: Control units of distributed smoke sensor 4, redundant smoke sensor 5, and electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0031] The distributed smoke sensors 4 monitor the smoke concentration inside the battery pack in real time. When the smoke concentration detected by any two or more distributed smoke sensors 4 reaches a preset early threshold (e.g., 100 μg / m³), the smoke will be detected and the smoke will be detected at that point. 3 Furthermore, the detection value of the redundant smoke sensor 5 reaches the auxiliary verification threshold (e.g., 50 μg / m³). 3 When the smoke concentration signal is not processed by the BMS, it is directly sent to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 through the direct control path.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, in S2, based on the control unit and according to the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action to generate a pre-opening state signal, including: S21, based on the control unit, within a preset time threshold after receiving the early smoke signal, the control unit controls the valve body to switch from the reset state to the slightly open state, performs a slight pressure relief, and generates the pre-opening state signal.

[0033] In S2, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system 2 via the first signal line 6 based on the distributed smoke sensor 4, including: S22, while the control unit controls the valve body to perform the pre-opening action, the distributed smoke sensor 4 sends the first smoke concentration value and the second smoke concentration value to the battery management system 2 through the first signal line 6 to trigger the battery management system 2 to start parallel verification.

[0034] In practical applications, S2 includes a pre-opening and parallel verification phase and a dynamic pressure relief execution phase.

[0035] Pre-opening and parallel verification phase: Execution entities: Control unit and BMS of electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0036] Pre-opening action: Triggered by step one, the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 controls the valve body to perform a pre-opening action within 10ms after receiving the smoke signal, and performs a small pressure relief.

[0037] Parallel verification: Simultaneously with the pre-opening of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3, the distributed smoke sensor 4 sends the same smoke concentration signal to the BMS via the first signal line 6. Upon receiving this signal, the BMS initiates a parallel verification process independent of the triggering path to verify the authenticity of the smoke signal, for example, by checking whether other parameters such as voltage and temperature are abnormal.

[0038] Dynamic pressure relief execution phase: Execution subject: BMS, control unit of electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0039] When the BMS determines the verification result in step two to be "true thermal runaway," the BMS sends a full-open command to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 through its execution signal output terminal. Based on this command, the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 controls the valve body to switch from a pre-open state to a fully open state, achieving rapid, high-flow-rate pressure relief.

[0040] If the BMS verification result is determined to be a "false alarm", the BMS will send a reset command to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 to close the valve body.

[0041] In one exemplary embodiment, S3 includes: S31, based on the battery management system 2, receive the first smoke concentration value and the second smoke concentration value, and collect the individual cell voltage parameters and temperature parameters inside the battery pack in real time.

[0042] S32, calculate the voltage change rate based on the single-unit voltage parameters, and calculate the temperature change rate based on the temperature parameters.

[0043] S33, determine whether the voltage change rate is greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold and whether the temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate threshold.

[0044] S34, if the voltage change rate is greater than the preset voltage change rate threshold and the temperature change rate is greater than the preset temperature change rate threshold, then a verification result signal characterizing the actual thermal runaway is generated.

[0045] S35, if the voltage change rate is less than or equal to the preset voltage change rate threshold, or the temperature change rate is less than or equal to the preset temperature change rate threshold, then a verification result signal characterizing false alarms is generated.

[0046] In practical applications, S3 is the passive pressure relief stage due to electronic failure.

[0047] Executor: Electronic explosion-proof valve 3.

[0048] In step three, if the electronic control part (such as the control unit or TNT triggering device) of the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 fails to open normally after the BMS issues a full-open command, then when the pressure or temperature inside the battery pack reaches the mechanical triggering threshold of the valve body due to the aggravation of thermal runaway, the electronic explosion-proof valve 3 will be passively opened as a mechanical explosion-proof valve.

[0049] In one exemplary embodiment, S4 includes: S41, if the verification result signal represents actual thermal runaway, based on the full-open command sent by the battery management system 2 received by the control unit, the valve body is controlled to switch from the slightly open state to the fully open state to perform large-flow pressure relief; S42, if the verification result signal indicates a false alarm, based on the reset command sent by the battery management system 2 received by the control unit, the valve body is controlled to switch from the slightly open state to the reset state.

[0050] In one exemplary embodiment, after S41, the following is also included: S5, if an electronic control failure occurs when the control unit controls the valve body to perform the fully open state, then when the pressure parameter inside the battery pack reaches the preset mechanical trigger threshold, or the temperature parameter reaches the preset mechanical trigger threshold, the valve body is controlled to passively open as a mechanical explosion-proof valve.

[0051] This application provides an electric vehicle, including the aforementioned active thermal runaway relief device for electric vehicles.

[0052] The implementation of this application requires a three-in-one hardware architecture of "sensor-electronic control execution-control unit". Compared with the existing technology, the core improvements at the hardware level are "adding a direct control path" and "upgrading the execution terminal", which specifically include the following three parts: The implementation of this application requires a three-in-one hardware architecture of "sensor-electronic control execution-control unit execution". Compared with existing technologies, the core improvements at the hardware level lie in "adding a direct control path" and "upgrading the execution terminal". The selection and layout optimization of the smoke sensor are crucial. This strategy uses the smoke signal as the core trigger source, thus imposing stringent requirements on the smoke sensor's "response speed", "detection accuracy", and "anti-interference capability". This application selects a "laser scattering smoke sensor" (preferably model SDS018, response time ≤10ms, detection range 0-1000μg / m³). 3 Resolution 1μg / m 3The system employs a "multi-point distributed layout" scheme: one smoke sensor is placed between every two cell modules within the battery pack, for a total of 6-8 sensors (taking a 12-module battery pack as an example). Each sensor has the function of "transmitting data to the BMS" and can also upload real-time smoke concentration data to the BMS. Simultaneously, to prevent strategy failure due to a single sensor malfunction, this application adds a "redundant smoke sensor 5" at the center of the battery pack, forming a "majority voting mechanism" with the distributed sensors: subsequent actions are triggered only when any two or more distributed sensors detect that the smoke concentration meets the standard, further improving signal reliability. The execution terminal is an upgraded electronic explosion-proof valve 3. Existing mechanical explosion-proof valves can only be opened once, failing to meet the multi-stage action requirements of this strategy (pre-opening - full opening - reset). Therefore, this application upgrades it to a "TNT-based explosion-proof valve." By triggering the TNT device, air convection between the battery's interior and the outside is achieved. Internal gas is rapidly discharged through an unobstructed channel, quickly reducing the pressure inside the battery pack casing and preventing explosion. This effectively mitigates thermal runaway propagation. By arranging a control unit and triggering device within the explosion-proof valve, sensing can be performed without relying on external pressure, resolving the time lag between thermal runaway detection and the explosion-proof valve's action.

[0053] This strategy employs a "phased progressive" control logic, divided into four core stages: "triggering stage, verification stage, and execution stage." Each stage is seamlessly connected and executed in parallel, with a total response time of ≤100ms. The specific process is as follows: In the first stage, the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, and a signal is sent to the BMS controller. The smoke signal takes priority in driving the pre-activation (0-10ms). The core objective of this phase is to "identify salt spray signals and provide signal information as quickly as possible." The specific logic is as follows: Signal acquisition: Distributed smoke sensors 4 detect the smoke concentration inside the battery pack in real time, refreshing the data every 1ms; when any two or more distributed sensors detect a smoke concentration ≥ a preset early threshold (preferably 100μg / m³ in this application); 3 This threshold was determined based on numerous experiments. Values ​​below this threshold indicate normal dust interference, while values ​​above this threshold inevitably indicate cell pyrolysis. Furthermore, the redundant sensor detection value is ≥50 μg / m³. 3 During (auxiliary verification), it was determined to be "a suspected early signal of thermal runaway".

[0054] The output command is generated after multi-parameter coupling calculation, and the data transmission and calculation alone take 50-200ms. However, this strategy uses a "direct path" to enable the explosion-proof valve to start pre-opening within 10ms when the smoke signal meets the standard, which completely covers the "0-0.8 seconds" window in the early stage of thermal runaway. At this time, the concentration of combustible gas in the battery pack has not yet reached the lower explosive limit, and a small amount of pressure relief can effectively reduce the risk.

[0055] Phase 2: The BMS controller determines the salt spray information and executes multi-parameter parallel verification of the BMS (10-100ms). The core objective of this stage is to "verify the authenticity of the smoke signal and avoid false triggering." The BMS executes the following verification logic in parallel, with the total verification time strictly controlled within 90ms (starting from the moment the smoke signal is received). If a single salt spray sensor sends a signal, the signal is considered potentially abnormal. If two or more distributed sensors detect a smoke concentration ≥ a preset early threshold (preferably 100 μg / m³ in this application), the signal is considered abnormal. 3 This threshold is determined based on a large number of experiments. Values ​​below this threshold indicate normal dust interference, while values ​​above this threshold inevitably indicate cell pyrolysis. The accuracy of the signal is then determined, and the BMS executes the voltage trigger module upon receiving the instruction.

[0056] Phase 3: The explosion-proof valve opens to release pressure, and the pressure release is dynamically adjusted according to the degree of thermal runaway (after 100ms). The core objective of this phase is to "achieve active pressure release based on BMS signals," and it is divided into two scenarios: "actual thermal runaway execution" and "passive pressure release due to electronic failure of the explosion-proof valve." Actual thermal runaway execution: When the BMS determines "actual thermal runaway," it activates the explosion-proof valve, opening it in advance to save at least 2 minutes and release pressure ahead of time. Passive pressure relief due to explosion-proof valve electronic failure: After the BMS activates the explosion-proof valve, its electronic system fails. Passive pressure relief can also be achieved when the thermal runaway flue gas from the battery cell reaches a certain level.

[0057] This application is the first to use smoke signals as the "sole trigger source" in the early stages of thermal runaway and constructs a "sensor-BMS execution-explosion-proof valve direct control path," bypassing the delay of BMS multi-parameter calculations and reducing the response time from 0.5-2 seconds to ≤100ms, completely eliminating the "time difference." The execution logic is innovative: the explosion-proof valve is upgraded to a TNT electronic explosion-proof valve 3, achieving active pressure relief and solving the drawbacks of passive pressure relief in existing technologies. The closed-loop control is innovative: a fully closed-loop process of "trigger-verification-execution" is constructed, combined with fault diagnosis and vehicle linkage, ensuring reliable operation of the strategy under abnormal scenarios such as sensor failure and communication interruption, thus improving system stability.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments. The computer device can be a server or a terminal. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, an input / output interface (I / O), and a communication interface. The processor, memory, and I / O interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface is connected to the system bus via the I / O interface. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device stores data to be processed. The I / O interface of the computer device is used to exchange information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface of the computer device is used to connect and communicate with an external terminal via a network. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described methods.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0060] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0061] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0062] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by computer program instructions and related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0063] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, distributed databases based on blockchain. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be, but are not limited to, general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc.

[0064] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0065] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A method for active pressure relief control of thermal runaway in electric vehicles, characterized in that, An active pressure relief device for thermal runaway in an electric vehicle is provided, the device comprising a smoke sensor module, a battery management system, and an electronic explosion-proof valve. The smoke sensor module includes multiple distributed smoke sensors and redundant smoke sensors. The electronic explosion-proof valve includes a valve body and a control unit connected to the valve body. The method includes: Based on the distributed smoke sensor and the redundant smoke sensor, the smoke concentration inside the battery pack is detected in real time. When the smoke concentration meets the preset early triggering condition, an early smoke signal is generated and sent directly to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve through the direct control path. Based on the control unit, according to the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action, a pre-opening status signal is generated, and the pre-opening status signal is sent to the battery management system; at the same time, based on the distributed smoke sensor, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system through the first signal line. Based on the battery management system, parallel verification is performed according to the early smoke signal to generate a verification result signal, and the verification result signal is sent to the control unit of the electronic explosion-proof valve. Based on the control unit, and according to the verification result signal, the valve body is controlled to perform the corresponding pressure relief action or reset action.

2. The active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the smoke concentration meets the preset early triggering conditions, an early smoke signal is generated, including: Acquire a first smoke concentration value detected by multiple distributed smoke sensors, and a second smoke concentration value detected by the redundant smoke sensors; If the number of distributed smoke sensors whose first smoke concentration value reaches the preset early threshold is greater than or equal to the preset number threshold, and the second smoke concentration value reaches the preset auxiliary verification threshold, then the early triggering condition is determined to be met, and the early smoke signal is generated.

3. The active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the control unit, according to the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to perform a pre-opening action, generating a pre-opening state signal, including: Based on the control unit, within a preset time threshold after receiving the early smoke signal, the valve body is controlled to switch from the reset state to the slightly open state, perform a slight pressure relief, and generate the pre-opening state signal; Based on the distributed smoke sensor, the early smoke signal is sent to the battery management system through the first signal line, including: While the control unit controls the valve body to perform the pre-opening action, the distributed smoke sensor sends the first smoke concentration value and the second smoke concentration value to the battery management system through the first signal line to trigger the battery management system to start parallel verification.

4. The active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the battery management system, parallel verification is performed according to the early smoke signal to generate a verification result signal, including: Based on the battery management system, the first smoke concentration value and the second smoke concentration value are received, and the individual cell voltage parameters and temperature parameters inside the battery pack are collected in real time. Calculate the voltage change rate based on the individual unit voltage parameters, and calculate the temperature change rate based on the temperature parameters; Determine whether the voltage change rate is greater than a preset voltage change rate threshold, and whether the temperature change rate is greater than a preset temperature change rate threshold; If the voltage change rate is greater than the preset voltage change rate threshold and the temperature change rate is greater than the preset temperature change rate threshold, then a verification result signal characterizing the actual thermal runaway is generated. If the voltage change rate is less than or equal to the preset voltage change rate threshold, or the temperature change rate is less than or equal to the preset temperature change rate threshold, then a verification result signal characterizing a false alarm is generated.

5. The active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the control unit, and according to the verification result signal, the control unit controls the valve body to perform a corresponding pressure relief action or a reset action, including: If the verification result signal indicates actual thermal runaway, based on the full-open command received by the control unit from the battery management system, the control body is controlled to switch from the slightly open state to the fully open state to perform large-flow pressure relief; If the verification result signal indicates a false alarm, the control unit receives a reset command from the battery management system and controls the valve body to switch from the slightly open state to the reset state.

6. The active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that, Following the large-volume pressure relief, the following is also included: If an electronic control failure occurs when the control unit controls the valve body to perform the fully open state, then when the pressure parameter inside the battery pack reaches the preset mechanical trigger threshold, or the temperature parameter reaches the preset mechanical trigger threshold, the valve body is controlled to passively open as a mechanical explosion-proof valve.

7. An active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles, characterized in that, Includes: smoke sensor module, battery management system and electronic explosion-proof valve; The smoke sensor module includes multiple distributed smoke sensors and at least one redundant smoke sensor. The multiple distributed smoke sensors are distributed inside the battery pack, and the redundant smoke sensor is located at the center of the battery pack. The electronic explosion-proof valve is installed on the housing of the battery pack and includes a valve body, a triggering device disposed in the valve body, and a control unit electrically connected to the triggering device. The distributed smoke sensors and the redundant smoke sensors are all communicatively connected to the signal input terminal of the battery management system via a first signal line; The distributed smoke sensors and the redundant smoke sensors are also connected to the control unit via a second signal line, forming a direct control path that does not go through the battery management system. The control unit is also connected to the execution signal output terminal of the battery management system; The control unit performs the active pressure relief control method for thermal runaway of electric vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The distributed smoke sensors are laser scattering smoke sensors, and are arranged in a multi-point distributed manner, installed between every two cell modules inside the battery pack; the triggering device is an electronic detonation device.

9. The active pressure relief control device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that, The valve body is configured to perform multi-stage actions from a slightly open state, a fully open state to a reset state according to the instructions of the control unit; wherein the slightly open state is used for minor pressure relief, and the fully open state is used for large-flow pressure relief.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes an active pressure relief device for thermal runaway in electric vehicles as described in any one of claims 7-9.

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