Vehicle, energy recovery method, and electronic device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle, an energy recovery method and an electronic device. The method comprises the following steps: collecting a current output power of a fuel cell system and a first hydrogen pressure at an output end of a hydrogen storage system; determining a target working mode of an energy recovery system according to the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power, and determining a first target opening degree of each multi-way valve in the valve assembly according to the target working mode; controlling each multi-way valve to be at the corresponding first target opening degree, so as to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery assembly, drive the energy recovery assembly to output mechanical energy by releasing pressure potential energy through the compressed hydrogen, and convert the mechanical energy into electric energy by the electric energy output assembly and output the electric energy to the power battery. Therefore, the problems of energy waste and limited energy utilization efficiency in the prior art are solved, and the comprehensive efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a vehicle, an energy recovery method, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cell systems directly convert the chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, offering advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, zero emissions, and quiet operation. They are currently widely used in new energy vehicles, distributed power generation, and other fields.

[0003] In related technologies, waste gas energy recovery is often used to improve system efficiency, which involves applying the energy of the waste gas on the air side to the expansion end of the air compressor in the fuel cell system to recover some of the energy.

[0004] However, the lack of recovery and utilization of the compression potential energy carried by high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage system in the relevant technologies leads to energy waste and limits energy utilization efficiency, which urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a vehicle, an energy recovery method, and an electronic device to address the problems of energy waste and limited energy utilization efficiency in related technologies, thereby improving the overall efficiency of fuel cell systems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of this application proposes an energy recovery method applied to an energy recovery system. The energy recovery system includes a valve assembly, an energy recovery component, and an electrical output component. The input end of the valve assembly is connected to the output end of a hydrogen storage system, and the output end of the valve assembly is connected to the gas input end of the energy recovery component. The drive output end of the energy recovery component is connected to the drive end of the electrical output component. The gas output end of the energy recovery component is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline. The output end of the electrical output component is connected to a vehicle's power battery via an AC-DC converter. The method includes: Collect the current output power of the fuel cell system and the first hydrogen pressure at the output end of the hydrogen storage system; The target operating mode of the energy recovery system is determined based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power, and the first target opening degree of each multi-way valve in the valve assembly is determined based on the target operating mode. Each multi-way valve is controlled to be at its corresponding first target opening degree to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component. The compressed hydrogen releases pressure potential energy to drive the energy recovery component to output mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and output to the power battery through the electrical energy output component.

[0007] According to one embodiment of this application, after controlling each multi-way valve to its corresponding first target opening degree, the method further includes: Collect the first adjusted hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component; The second target opening degree of each multi-way valve is determined based on the first adjusted hydrogen pressure.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this application, after determining the second target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the first adjusted hydrogen pressure, the method further includes: The second adjusted hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is collected, and the target pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is determined. Based on a preset PID control strategy, the control value is determined according to the second controlled hydrogen pressure and the target pressure. In response to the adjustment value being greater than a preset threshold, a third target opening degree for each multi-way valve is determined based on a preset energy recovery increase strategy; In response to the adjustment value being less than the preset threshold, a fourth target opening degree for each multi-way valve is determined based on a preset energy recovery reduction strategy; In response to the adjustment value being equal to the preset threshold, the opening degree of each multi-way valve remains unchanged.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this application, the energy recovery method further includes: In response to the fuel cell system's requested power meeting a preset jump condition, the target output power of the fuel cell system is determined. Calculate the power difference between the target output power and the current output power, and update the preset PID control strategy and / or the fifth target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the power difference.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this application, the energy recovery method further includes: Collect the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve; Based on the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve, the opening sequence of each multi-way valve in the next cycle is determined.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this application, the energy recovery method further includes: Collect the second hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component; If the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first preset pressure, then the multiple multi-way valves of the valve assembly are closed.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this application, after acquiring the second hydrogen pressure at the input terminal of the pressure reducing assembly, the method further includes: If the second hydrogen pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure, and the duration for which the second hydrogen pressure is less than the second preset pressure is greater than the preset duration, then the target pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is adjusted to the preset pressure value.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, determining the target operating mode of the energy recovery system based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power includes: Obtain the preset pressure-power-mode table; Based on the preset pressure-power-mode table, the target operating mode is obtained by looking up the table according to the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power.

[0014] According to the energy recovery method proposed in this application, the target operating mode of the energy recovery system is determined based on the first hydrogen pressure and current output power of the fuel cell system. A first target opening degree is determined for each multi-way valve, and the multi-way valves are controlled to be at the corresponding first target opening degree to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component. The pressure potential energy released by the compressed hydrogen drives the energy recovery component to output mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy by the electrical energy output component and output to the power battery. This solves the problems of energy waste and limited energy utilization efficiency in related technologies, and improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application provides a vehicle comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the energy recovery method as described in the above embodiments.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the energy recovery method as described in the above embodiments.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy recovery architecture for a fuel cell system in the related art according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an energy recovery system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an energy recovery method provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an energy recovery system provided according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A flowchart of an energy recovery method according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0020] The vehicle, energy recovery method, and electronic device according to embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Before introducing the energy recovery method of the embodiments of this application, let's first introduce the energy recovery method for fuel cell systems in the related art.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy recovery architecture for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of this application. The core principle of the fuel cell system is to directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. The entire process does not require combustion. Its basic unit consists of an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode: under the action of a catalyst at the anode, hydrogen is decomposed into protons and electrons. Protons pass through an electrolyte membrane that only allows ions to pass through to reach the cathode, while electrons form a current through an external circuit to drive the load. At the cathode, protons and electrons combine with oxygen in the air to generate water and release heat. To obtain practical power, hundreds of individual cells are connected in series to form a stack, and equipped with auxiliary systems including hydrogen supply, air compression, thermal management, water control, and electrical control to ensure efficient and stable operation. This technology has advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency (40%-60%), zero exhaust emissions (only water is produced), and quiet operation, and is currently widely used in new energy vehicles, distributed power generation, and other fields. However, the relevant technologies only recover residual pressure energy on the air side and do not utilize the large amount of compressive potential energy carried by high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage system. This part of the energy is dissipated as heat during the throttling and depressurization process of the pressure reducing valve, resulting in significant energy loss and restricting further improvement of the overall energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0023] Based on the above problems, this application proposes an energy recovery system that can utilize the compression energy of a hydrogen storage system. This system takes into account different working conditions under various operating conditions and pressures, and maintains stable operation of the system through feedforward regulation control and PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) regulation.

[0024] For example, based on the commonly used 35MPa, 1680L hydrogen storage system in tractor trucks, the amount of hydrogen, n = 19623.23 mol, according to the formula: ; in, This refers to the work output by the gas during the isothermal process. This refers to the amount of hydrogen gas involved in the expansion process. Let be the ideal gas constant. This is the thermodynamic temperature of hydrogen. This is the initial pressure of the hydrogen gas before it expands. This represents the pressure of hydrogen gas after expansion.

[0025] Furthermore, assuming the hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing valve is 1.2 MPa, and that the pressure reduction process is isothermal expansion, the theoretical calculation shows that approximately 44.8 kWh of work will be done. With an energy recovery efficiency of 30%, the recoverable energy is 13.44 kWh. The actual energy contained in hydrogen is 1200 kWh, resulting in an efficiency improvement of over 1%. Based on a fuel cell efficiency of 50%, the actual energy conversion improvement is 2%.

[0026] Furthermore, the energy recovery method of this application embodiment is applied to an energy recovery system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an energy recovery system according to an embodiment of the present application. The energy recovery system 10 includes a valve assembly 100, an energy recovery assembly 200, and an electrical output assembly 300. The input end of the valve assembly 100 is connected to the output end of the hydrogen storage system 20, the output end of the valve assembly 100 is connected to the gas input end of the energy recovery assembly 200, the drive output end of the energy recovery assembly 200 is connected to the drive end of the electrical output assembly 300, the gas output end of the energy recovery assembly 200 is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the output end of the electrical output assembly 300 is connected to the vehicle's power battery 40 through an alternating current to direct current converter (ACDC).

[0027] Specifically, Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an energy recovery method according to an embodiment of this application, the method including: In step S301, the current output power of the fuel cell system 30 and the first hydrogen pressure at the output of the hydrogen storage system 20 are collected.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, after receiving a command from the vehicle to start operation, the fuel cell system 30 sends an opening valve command to the hydrogen storage system 20. Upon receiving the opening valve command, the hydrogen storage system 20 opens the valve. All functions of the energy recovery system 10 are shut down, i.e., the valve assembly 100 is closed. This embodiment collects the current output power of the fuel cell in real time. When all components inside the fuel cell system 30 are working normally and the current output power reaches a stable state, the first hydrogen pressure at the output of the hydrogen storage system 20 is collected based on the pressure sensor at the output of the hydrogen storage system 20.

[0029] In step S302, the target operating mode of the energy recovery system 10 is determined based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power, and the first target opening degree of each multi-way valve in the valve assembly 100 is determined based on the target operating mode.

[0030] Optionally, in some embodiments, determining the target operating mode of the energy recovery system based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power includes: obtaining a preset pressure-power-mode table; and looking up the target operating mode based on the preset pressure-power-mode table and the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power.

[0031] The target operating mode refers to the standardized operating mode determined by the energy recovery system based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power of the fuel cell.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, based on the current output power and first hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell system 30, and according to a preset pressure-power-mode table, a compression energy recovery feedforward value is obtained. Based on the target operating mode of the energy recovery system corresponding to the feedforward value, the first target opening degree of each multi-way valve in the valve assembly 100 is determined. For example, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an energy recovery system provided according to an embodiment of the present application. The valve assembly 100 can be a three-way valve (such as a first three-way valve 101, a second three-way valve 102, and a third three-way valve 103), the energy recovery assembly 200 can be a fan (such as a first fan 201, a second fan 202, and a third fan 203), and the power output assembly 300 can be a generator (such as a first generator 301 and a second generator 302). As shown in Table 1, Table 1 is a preset pressure-power-mode table provided according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Table 1

[0034] Furthermore, Table 1 shows the operating modes of the three-way valve corresponding to each operating condition point. However, when the actual operating parameters do not fall within the values ​​in the table, the following interval determination rules are used to select the corresponding operating mode: For the hydrogen storage system pressure, the pressure values ​​in the table are used as interval boundaries. When the actual pressure is between two adjacent pressure values, the operating mode corresponding to the lower pressure value is used; when the actual pressure is higher than 35MPa, the operating mode corresponding to 35MPa is used; when the actual pressure is lower than 3MPa, the operating mode corresponding to 3MPa is used. For the target power dimension, the power values ​​in the table are used as interval boundaries. When the actual power is between two adjacent power values, the operating mode corresponding to the higher power is used; when the actual power is lower than 30kW, the operating mode corresponding to 30kW is used; when the actual power is higher than 300kW, the operating mode corresponding to 300kW is used.

[0035] Therefore, the embodiments of this application have 6 operating combinations, corresponding to different hydrogen pressures and system output power. When the hydrogen functional capacity is high, all energy recovery is activated, thus achieving energy recovery across the entire power and pressure range, resulting in a wide operating range and high efficiency. A feedforward control strategy is used, which has a significant advantage over ordinary control strategies in that it reaches steady state in a shorter time. Feedforward adjustment is generally based on the data obtained at steady state from calibrated parameters as the initial input. Because it can reach steady state faster, it has more energy recovery time compared to ordinary adjustment methods, resulting in higher efficiency.

[0036] In step S303, each multi-way valve is controlled to be at its corresponding first target opening degree to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component 200. The pressure potential energy released by the compressed hydrogen drives the energy recovery component 200 to output mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the electrical energy output component 300 and output to the power battery 40.

[0037] Specifically, according to the determined target operating mode, each multi-way valve of the control valve assembly 100 is adjusted to the corresponding first target opening degree, and high-pressure compressed hydrogen of a preset flow rate is introduced into the energy recovery assembly 200. The high-pressure hydrogen releases its contained compression potential energy through an expansion process inside the energy recovery assembly 200, driving the power mechanism of the energy recovery assembly 200 to output mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is transferred to the power output assembly 300, and after electromechanical energy conversion, electrical energy is output, which is finally fed into the vehicle power battery 40 to complete energy storage, thereby realizing the effective recovery and utilization of the high-pressure hydrogen compression potential energy.

[0038] Therefore, based on the initial hydrogen pressure and current output power of the fuel cell system, the target operating mode of the energy recovery system is determined, and the initial target opening degree of each multi-way valve is determined and controlled to be at the corresponding initial target opening degree. This outputs compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component, where the pressure potential energy released by the compressed hydrogen drives the energy recovery component to output mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then converted into electrical energy by the electrical energy output component and output to the power battery. This solves the problems of energy waste and limited energy utilization efficiency in related technologies, and improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0039] Furthermore, in order to improve the control accuracy of the energy recovery process, the embodiments of this application dynamically adjust the energy recovery process based on the first adjusted hydrogen pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing component.

[0040] Optionally, in some embodiments, after controlling each multi-way valve to its corresponding first target opening, the method further includes: acquiring a first regulated hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing assembly; and determining a second target opening for each multi-way valve based on the first regulated hydrogen pressure.

[0041] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the pressure reducing component 400 can be a pressure reducing valve. In this embodiment, a pressure sensor is installed at the input end of the pressure reducing valve to collect the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve, i.e., the first regulated hydrogen pressure. Based on the first regulated hydrogen pressure, this embodiment determines whether there is insufficient pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve and insufficient energy recovery. When the pressure is lower than 2.5 MPa, this embodiment determines that the first regulated hydrogen pressure is too low and immediately reduces the number of multi-way valves participating in energy recovery to reduce the intensity of compression potential energy recovery, thereby quickly increasing the hydrogen supply pressure and ensuring the stability of hydrogen supply from the fuel cell stack. When the detected first regulated hydrogen pressure is greater than 7 MPa, it determines that the current pressure reserve at the input end of the pressure reducing valve is sufficient, but energy recovery is insufficient. This embodiment increases the number of energy recovery valves that are open to increase the flow capacity of the energy recovery branch and further improve the recovery efficiency of high-pressure hydrogen compression potential energy.

[0042] Therefore, it is possible to ensure stable hydrogen supply pressure under low-pressure conditions and fully tap the energy recovery potential under high-pressure conditions, thus achieving a dynamic balance between recovery intensity and gas supply reliability.

[0043] Furthermore, in order to improve the closed-loop control accuracy of hydrogen supply pressure, this application embodiment uses a PID control strategy for further adjustment.

[0044] Optionally, in some embodiments, after determining the second target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the first regulated hydrogen pressure, the method further includes: acquiring the second regulated hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component 400 and determining the target pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component 400; determining an adjustment value based on the second regulated hydrogen pressure and the target pressure according to a preset PID adjustment strategy; determining a third target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on a preset energy recovery increase strategy in response to the adjustment value being greater than a preset threshold; determining a fourth target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on a preset energy recovery decrease strategy in response to the adjustment value being less than a preset threshold; and maintaining the opening degree of each multi-way valve unchanged in response to the adjustment value being equal to the preset threshold.

[0045] The target pressure refers to the desired hydrogen pressure value at the input of the pressure reducing component, which is set in advance. The preset threshold can be a threshold set by the user, a threshold obtained through a limited number of experiments, or a threshold obtained through a limited number of computer simulations.

[0046] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, a fixed PID control strategy is preset. , , The parameters determine the target pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing component 400, which can be 4MPa. The target pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing component 400, i.e., the current input pressure of the pressure reducing valve, is collected in real time, and the adjustment value is calculated. ; in, The adjusted value output by the PID controller. This is the proportional gain coefficient. This is the current input pressure of the pressure reducing valve. This is the integral gain coefficient. The differential gain coefficient, For the first The pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve at any given time.

[0047] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the adjustment angle of the multi-way valve is selected according to the adjustment value in the next cycle: when the adjustment value is greater than the preset threshold, the opening of the multi-way valve is increased in an orderly manner to increase energy recovery and reduce the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve; when the adjustment value is less than the preset threshold, the opening of the valve is decreased in an orderly manner to reduce energy recovery and increase the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve.

[0048] Furthermore, in the process of increasing the opening degree of the multi-way valves in this embodiment, if the opening degree of one multi-way valve has reached 100%, another multi-way valve is opened, and its opening degree is gradually increased until all multi-way valves are fully open, at which point the incremental adjustment of the opening degree stops. When it is necessary to reduce the energy recovery intensity and reduce the valve opening degree, if the opening degree of one multi-way valve has dropped to 0%, the remaining multi-way valves are sequentially adjusted by decreasing the opening degree until all multi-way valves are fully closed, at which point the incremental adjustment of the opening degree stops. Further, as... Figure 4 As shown, the first three-way valve 101 corresponds only to the current output power of the fuel cell system 30. When adjusting the valve closing, the first three-way valve 101 is finally closed.

[0049] Therefore, this application embodiment sets up a variable load regulation control strategy. Under this control strategy, the energy recovery system may experience abnormal pressure drops when directly adjusted according to PID control. This application embodiment adjusts the regulation coefficient under special circumstances, accelerating the regulation when necessary, and avoiding excessively low system pressure. This regulation method can avoid sudden changes in hydrogen supply pressure caused by the synchronous operation of multiple valves, ensuring the stability of hydrogen supply pressure and the reliability of system operation during energy recovery intensity regulation.

[0050] Furthermore, to address the issue of fluctuating hydrogen supply pressure during variable load operation of the fuel cell system 30, this embodiment of the application adjusts the output power of the fuel cell system 30.

[0051] Optionally, in some embodiments, the energy recovery method further includes: determining the target output power of the fuel cell system 30 in response to the requested power of the fuel cell system 30 meeting a preset jump condition; calculating the power difference between the target output power and the current output power; and updating a preset PID control strategy and / or the fifth target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the power difference.

[0052] The preset transition conditions can be conditions set by the user, conditions obtained through a limited number of experiments, or conditions obtained through a limited number of computer simulations.

[0053] Specifically, the hydrogen supply pressure of the fuel cell system 30 is prone to significant fluctuations under variable load conditions, and the PID control strategy exhibits a lag in response. Therefore, this embodiment requires targeted adjustments. This embodiment determines the target output power of the fuel cell system 30, collects the current output power of the fuel cell in real time, calculates the difference between the current output power and the target output power, and adjusts the proportional gain parameter of the PID controller when the difference exceeds 20kW. The gain is adjusted to three times the original value to enhance regulation and accelerate pressure response. This gain adjustment state lasts for 3 seconds before automatically resetting, and the original PID parameters are used for closed-loop regulation. When the difference further increases to over 50kW, an additional multi-way valve is closed on top of the proportional gain parameter adjustment. This rapidly reduces the flow capacity of the energy recovery branch to prioritize hydrogen supply pressure reserves. Once the operating conditions stabilize, PID regulation is resumed. When the target output power shows a downward trend, this embodiment maintains the original PID regulation scheme.

[0054] Therefore, by relying on closed-loop control to gradually adapt to changes in operating conditions, the response speed of pressure regulation and the stability of operation can be balanced across the entire load range.

[0055] Furthermore, in order to balance the operating losses and overall service life of the multi-way valves, this application embodiment performs full life cycle monitoring and management of the cumulative opening time of the multi-way valves.

[0056] Optionally, in some embodiments, the energy recovery method further includes: collecting the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve; and determining the opening sequence of multiple multi-way valves in the next cycle based on the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve.

[0057] Specifically, with Figure 4 For example, during operation, this embodiment monitors the opening time of the three-way valve. Each time the fuel cell system 30 starts, this embodiment reads the cumulative operating time of the second three-way valve 102 and the third three-way valve 103 from a preset storage unit. The numerical value serves as the initial value. During operation, the sampling period is 1 second, and the duration of valves in the open state is accumulated. The accumulated duration of valves that are not open remains unchanged. The updated duration data after each period is synchronously stored in a preset storage unit, and it is retained throughout the entire lifecycle without being reset to zero. Specifically: ,otherwise ; ,otherwise ; Furthermore, when the operating conditions require valve opening, this embodiment prioritizes activating the valve with the shorter operating time. Compared to the case of no identification, the multi-way valve time identification strategy of this embodiment may result in inconsistent lifespan decay between the two sets of energy recovery equipment and valves. Without this strategy, one recovery system may experience faster lifespan decay, and while the other system may be nearing its lifespan limit, it may not even be halfway through its lifespan. Using this strategy can ultimately reduce the failure rate caused by overuse of a single recovery system.

[0058] This achieves balanced wear across the multi-way valves, prevents premature failure of a single valve due to long-term high-frequency operation, and improves the operational reliability of the hydrogen supply circuit.

[0059] Furthermore, in order to avoid the low-pressure conditions affecting the stable operation of the fuel cell system 30, this application embodiment also sets up a graded pressure protection strategy.

[0060] Optionally, in some embodiments, the energy recovery method further includes: acquiring a second hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component 400; if the second hydrogen pressure is less than a first preset pressure, then closing multiple multi-way valves of the valve assembly 100.

[0061] Optionally, in some embodiments, after acquiring the second hydrogen pressure at the input terminal of the pressure reducing component 400, the method further includes: if the second hydrogen pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure, and the duration for which the second hydrogen pressure is less than the second preset pressure is greater than a preset duration, then the target pressure at the input terminal of the pressure reducing component 400 is adjusted to the preset pressure value.

[0062] The first and second preset pressures can be pressures preset by the user, pressures obtained through a limited number of experiments, or pressures obtained through a limited number of computer simulations. The preset duration can be a user-preset duration, a duration obtained through a limited number of experiments, or a duration obtained through a limited number of computer simulations. The preset pressure value can be a user-preset pressure value, a pressure value obtained through a limited number of experiments, or a pressure value obtained through a limited number of computer simulations.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment of the application, the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve, i.e. the second hydrogen pressure, is monitored in real time during system operation. When the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first preset pressure, all multi-way valves are immediately closed to ensure pressure supply. The first preset pressure can be 2.5 MPa.

[0064] Furthermore, when the input pressure of the pressure reducing component 400 cannot be stably maintained above the target pressure of 4 MPa, this embodiment of the application obtains the cumulative duration for which the input pressure P of the pressure reducing component 400 has been lower than the second preset pressure (which can be 3.5 MPa) in the past 2 seconds. If the cumulative duration exceeds 30%, the target pressure is adjusted to 5 MPa. After the target pressure is adjusted to 5 MPa, this embodiment of the application again obtains the cumulative duration for which the input pressure of the pressure reducing component 400 has been lower than the second preset pressure in the past 2 seconds. If the cumulative duration exceeds 30%, all multi-way valves are directly closed, and the energy recovery mode is completely exited to prioritize the reliability of hydrogen supply.

[0065] Therefore, the pressure regulation protection method of this application embodiment ensures that all energy recovery paths can be shut down in time under extreme conditions, and that the system can still operate normally when the pressure drops out of control. Without this protection strategy, there may be a situation where the pressure drops abnormally and out of control, but the energy recovery system is still working, which may lead to an emergency shutdown of the system and affect the normal use of the fuel cell system 30.

[0066] Therefore, this application embodiment can utilize the air compression energy of the hydrogen storage system 20 to improve the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system 30; it sets up an architecture of three sets of energy recovery modules, which, together with the control strategy, can complete energy recovery across the entire power and pressure ranges; it sets up a feedforward regulation control strategy, which can quickly enter the energy recovery mode, match suitable initial conditions, and improve the efficiency of energy recovery; it sets up a three-way valve working time recognition strategy, which identifies the value each time the system is turned on and controls the valve to open, balancing the opening time of the three-way valve and avoiding inconsistent valve lifespan decay; it sets up a variable load regulation control strategy, under which the energy recovery system can respond in advance to avoid untimely regulation and abnormal drop in hydrogen pressure; and it proposes a pressure regulation protection method to ensure that all energy recovery paths can be shut down in time under extreme conditions, ensuring that the system can still operate normally when the pressure drops uncontrollably.

[0067] To facilitate a better understanding of the energy recovery system of the embodiments of this application by those skilled in the art, the following is combined with... Figure 5 Further explanation is needed.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a flowchart of an energy recovery method according to an embodiment of this application, the energy recovery method including the following steps: S501, Begin.

[0069] S502, enter normal operation state, shut down the recycling system.

[0070] S503 identifies the cylinder pressure of the hydrogen storage system 20 and the power of the fuel cell system.

[0071] S504, determine the feedforward mode of the valve assembly based on the identification result: Mode 1, no energy recovery, all three-way valves are closed; Mode 2, the first three-way valve 101 is closed, and one of the second three-way valves 102 and the third three-way valve 103 is open; Mode 3, the first three-way valve 101 is closed, and the second three-way valves 102 and the third three-way valve 103 are fully open; Mode 4, the first three-way valve 101 is open, and the second three-way valves 102 and the third three-way valve 103 are closed; Mode 5, the first three-way valve 101 is open, and one of the second three-way valves 102 and the third three-way valve 103 is open; Mode 6, all three-way valves are fully open.

[0072] S505, after determining the feedforward mode, performs rapid adjustment and continuously identifies the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve. If the hydrogen pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve is less than 2.5MPa, all three-way valves are immediately closed, energy recovery is turned off, and the pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve is ensured to be greater than 2.5MPa. If the hydrogen pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve is greater than 7MPa, and if the working mode is 1, 2, 4, or 5, then another three-way valve is opened further on the original basis, while the first three-way valve 101 remains unchanged.

[0073] S506 uses a PID control strategy to adjust the valve opening, selecting a fixed... , , The parameters are set as follows: the target pressure at the input end of the pressure reducing valve is 4 MPa, the actual pressure is P, and the adjustment value R is calculated. In the next cycle, the adjustment angle is selected according to the R value. When the pressure is greater than 4 MPa, the valve opening is increased in an orderly manner; when the pressure is less than 4 MPa, the valve opening is decreased in an orderly manner. During the process of increasing the valve opening, if the opening of one valve has reached 100%, the other valve is opened to gradually increase the valve opening until all valves are fully open, and the adjustment is stopped. During the process of decreasing the valve opening, if the opening of one valve has reached 0%, the opening of another valve is gradually decreased until all valves are fully closed, and the adjustment is stopped. The first three-way valve 101 corresponds only to the power. When adjusting the valve closing, the first three-way valve 101 is closed last.

[0074] S507, Energy Recovery Response Scheme for Fuel Cell System 30 under Power Variable Load: When the fuel cell system 30 is under variable load, identify the change in the target power of the fuel cell system 30; when the target power increase is greater than 20kW, adjust the PID control parameters based on the existing parameters. Adjusted to 3 After running for 3 seconds Restore to the original PID control scheme; when the target power is greater than 50kW, close one more three-way valve on the existing basis, and then continue PID control; when the target power decreases, continue using the PID control scheme.

[0075] S508, real-time monitoring of the operating time of the second three-way valve 102 and the third three-way valve 103, and the strategy for opening the three-way valves next. , At the start of the next cycle, for , The valve with the smaller value is opened first.

[0076] S509, Hydrogen storage pressure regulation protection at the input of the pressure reducing valve: When the pressure at the input of the pressure reducing valve is less than 2.5MPa, all three-way valves are immediately closed to ensure pressure supply; when the pressure at the input of the pressure reducing valve cannot be stably maintained above 4MPa, the judgment condition is that P<3.5 has been present for more than 30% of the total time in the past 2 seconds, and the hydrogen pressure control target at the input of the pressure reducing valve is adjusted to 5MPa; after the pressure reducing valve is adjusted, if P<3.5 has been present for more than 30% of the total time in the past 2 seconds, all three-way valves are directly closed to ensure pressure supply.

[0077] S510, End.

[0078] It should be understood that, Figure 5 The control flow shown is a schematic diagram of the principle. The steps above are not strictly executed in sequence according to the numbering order. In actual operation, multiple control links such as pressure protection, load change response, and opening adjustment can be triggered in parallel, iterated in cycles, or have their execution priorities adjusted according to the real-time operating conditions of the system.

[0079] According to the energy recovery method proposed in this application, the target operating mode of the energy recovery system is determined based on the first hydrogen pressure and current output power of the fuel cell system. A first target opening degree is determined for each multi-way valve, and the multi-way valves are controlled to be at the corresponding first target opening degree to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component. The pressure potential energy released by the compressed hydrogen drives the energy recovery component to output mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy by the electrical energy output component and output to the power battery. This solves the problems of energy waste and limited energy utilization efficiency in related technologies, and improves the overall efficiency of the fuel cell system.

[0080] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle may include: The memory 601, the processor 602, and the computer program stored on the memory 601 and capable of running on the processor 602.

[0081] When the processor 602 executes the program, it implements the energy recovery method provided in the above embodiments.

[0082] Furthermore, the vehicle also includes: Communication interface 603 is used for communication between memory 601 and processor 602.

[0083] The memory 601 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 602.

[0084] The memory 601 may include high-speed RAM (Random Access Memory) memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage.

[0085] If the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 603, memory 601, and processor 602 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 6 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0086] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 601, processor 602, and communication interface 603 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0087] Processor 602 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention.

[0088] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0089] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0090] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy recovery method, characterized in that, The method is applied to an energy recovery system, which includes a valve assembly, an energy recovery component, and an electrical output component. The input end of the valve assembly is connected to the output end of a hydrogen storage system, and the output end of the valve assembly is connected to the gas input end of the energy recovery component. The drive output end of the energy recovery component is connected to the drive end of the electrical output component, and the gas output end of the energy recovery component is connected to a hydrogen supply pipeline. The output end of the electrical output component is connected to the vehicle's power battery via an AC-DC converter. The method includes: Collect the current output power of the fuel cell system and the first hydrogen pressure at the output end of the hydrogen storage system; The target operating mode of the energy recovery system is determined based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power, and the first target opening degree of each multi-way valve in the valve assembly is determined based on the target operating mode. Each multi-way valve is controlled to be at its corresponding first target opening degree to output compressed hydrogen to the energy recovery component. The compressed hydrogen releases pressure potential energy to drive the energy recovery component to output mechanical energy, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and output to the power battery through the electrical energy output component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After controlling each multi-way valve to its corresponding first target opening degree, the method further includes: Collect the first adjusted hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component; The second target opening degree of each multi-way valve is determined based on the first adjusted hydrogen pressure.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, After determining the second target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the first adjusted hydrogen pressure, the method further includes: The second adjusted hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is collected, and the target pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is determined. Based on a preset PID control strategy, the control value is determined according to the second controlled hydrogen pressure and the target pressure. In response to the adjustment value being greater than a preset threshold, a third target opening degree for each multi-way valve is determined based on a preset energy recovery increase strategy; In response to the adjustment value being less than the preset threshold, a fourth target opening degree for each multi-way valve is determined based on a preset energy recovery reduction strategy; In response to the adjustment value being equal to the preset threshold, the opening degree of each multi-way valve remains unchanged.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: In response to the fuel cell system's requested power meeting a preset jump condition, the target output power of the fuel cell system is determined. Calculate the power difference between the target output power and the current output power, and update the preset PID control strategy and / or the fifth target opening degree of each multi-way valve based on the power difference.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Also includes: Collect the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve; Based on the cumulative opening time of each multi-way valve, the opening sequence of each multi-way valve in the next cycle is determined.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Collect the second hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component; If the second hydrogen pressure is less than the first preset pressure, then the multiple multi-way valves of the valve assembly are closed.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, After acquiring the second hydrogen pressure at the input of the pressure reducing assembly, the following steps are also included: If the second hydrogen pressure is greater than or equal to the first preset pressure, and the duration for which the second hydrogen pressure is less than the second preset pressure is greater than the preset duration, then the target pressure at the input of the pressure reducing component is adjusted to the preset pressure value.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the target operating mode of the energy recovery system based on the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power includes: Obtain the preset pressure-power-mode table; Based on the preset pressure-power-mode table, the target operating mode is obtained by looking up the table according to the first hydrogen pressure and the current output power.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the energy recovery method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the energy recovery method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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