A charging port cover, an anti-pinch system and a vehicle for implementing a hierarchical anti-pinch function

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of automobile charging port cover components, and particularly relates to a charging port cover for realizing a hierarchical anti-pinch function, an anti-pinch system and an automobile. One of the charging port covers for realizing the hierarchical anti-pinch function comprises a charging port cover outer plate, a charging port cover base and an anti-pinch strip arranged on the charging port cover base. The anti-pinch strip is fixed in a closed loop on the charging port cover base, and comprises sponge rubber, a pressure sensor and dense rubber successively subjected to force from outside to inside. A shape memory alloy framework is embedded in the dense rubber. The charging port cover outer plate is in contact with the sponge rubber in a closed state. The present application is not dependent on Hall rotation speed detection, has fast response speed, is not susceptible to environmental electromagnetic interference, has strong system adaptability, high safety and high anti-pinch accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive charging port cover components, specifically relating to a charging port cover, anti-pinch system, and automobile for realizing graded anti-pinch function. Background Technology

[0002] When charging new energy vehicles, the charging port cover opens to expose the charging port socket, and closes to cover it after charging is complete. To meet the demands of high-end and intelligent vehicles, the charging port cover uses an electrically operated automatic opening and closing mechanism, driven by an actuator. However, during this automatic opening and closing process, there is a risk of fingers or other objects getting caught in the charging port cover, potentially causing injury or damage.

[0003] Chinese patent CN220076514U discloses an anti-pinch type electric vehicle charging port cover. This patent uses a sensing element on the outer cover of the charging port and a detection element on the charging port housing to form an angle detection unit to detect the angle of the charging port cover and identify situations where foreign objects are clamped at small angles. However, this structure has the following drawbacks: the vehicle's main control unit (ECU) needs to perform complex program algorithms to identify the problem, resulting in slow response speed and susceptibility to environmental electromagnetic interference. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a charging port cover with graded anti-pinch function.

[0005] This invention includes the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present invention provides a charging port cover for realizing a graded anti-pinch function, including an outer plate of the charging port cover, a base of the charging port cover, and an anti-pinch strip disposed on the base of the charging port cover; the anti-pinch strip is fixed to the base of the charging port cover in a closed ring shape, and the anti-pinch strip includes a sponge adhesive, a pressure sensor, and a dense adhesive that are subjected to force from the outside to the inside, and a shape memory alloy skeleton is embedded inside the dense adhesive; the outer plate of the charging port cover is in contact with the sponge adhesive in the closed state.

[0006] Furthermore, the sponge adhesive is a composite elastic material of memory foam and silicone.

[0007] Furthermore, the sponge adhesive has at least two lips, which contact the outer panel of the charging port cover when the outer panel is closed, so as to form a seal inside the charging port cover.

[0008] Furthermore, the pressure sensor is configured to monitor the magnitude and distribution of the pressure on the anti-pinch strip in real time.

[0009] Furthermore, the solid adhesive is a solid elastic thermoplastic vulcanized rubber material, and the shape memory alloy skeleton is embedded inside the solid adhesive.

[0010] Furthermore, the hardness of the sponge adhesive is lower than that of the solid adhesive, so that the sponge adhesive undergoes compression deformation before the solid adhesive.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a charging port anti-pinch system, comprising a charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function as described above, a system controller, and an actuator motor for driving the opening and closing of the outer plate of the charging port cover; the pressure sensor is signal-connected to the system controller, and the system controller is configured to perform graded anti-pinch responses according to the pressure detected by the pressure sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is less than the first threshold, it is determined to be a slight clamping, the sponge is deformed under pressure to absorb the clamping energy, and the actuator motor continues to operate normally.

[0013] Furthermore, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is not less than a first threshold and not greater than a second threshold, it is determined to be a moderate clamping condition. The system controller is configured to issue a deceleration command to the actuator motor and trigger a prompt sound to remind the user to troubleshoot the clamping fault; wherein the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

[0014] Furthermore, when the pressure detected by the pressure sensor is greater than the second threshold, it is determined to be severe clamping. The system controller is configured to send a reverse running command to the actuator motor and trigger the shape memory alloy skeleton to undergo active deformation to increase the gap at the clamping position.

[0015] Furthermore, the first threshold is 5N, and the second threshold is 15N.

[0016] A third aspect of the present invention provides an automobile including the aforementioned anti-pinch system for a charging port.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention does not rely on Hall effect rotation speed detection, has a fast response speed, is not easily affected by environmental electromagnetic interference, and has strong system adaptability, high safety, and high anti-pinch accuracy.

[0018] 2. This invention eliminates the need for additional independent sealing strips, buffer blocks, and Hall sensors, enabling the simultaneous implementation of sealing, buffering, and anti-pinch functions on the same anti-pinch strip. This significantly reduces the number of components, resulting in a more compact structure, which is beneficial for lightweight vehicle design and effectively reduces material and assembly costs.

[0019] 3. Based on the magnitude of the clamping pressure, this invention divides the anti-pinch response into three levels. Different anti-pinch faults correspond to different anti-pinch mechanisms, thus achieving precise and gentle graded safety protection.

[0020] 4. The present invention adopts a three-level graded anti-pinch response mechanism, which can take corresponding protective measures according to the actual situation of the clamping pressure. This not only avoids the safety hazards caused by excessively high anti-pinch threshold, but also effectively reduces the false alarm rate of frequent anti-pinch action triggered by slight interference, thus achieving the optimal balance between safety protection and user experience.

[0021] 5. The flexible pressure sensor used in this invention can be bent to conform to the outer contour of the charging port cover base, and can be fitted into the closed annular structure of the anti-pinch strip, thereby achieving comprehensive and real-time monitoring of the pressure distribution throughout the entire circumferential closed area of ​​the charging port cover. Compared with the traditional approach of indirect detection only at the motor end, this invention can acquire pressure signals at the precise location where clamping occurs at the very first moment, without the need for calculation. It has the advantages of accurate clamping positioning, comprehensive detection coverage, and fast response.

[0022] 6. This invention embeds a shape memory alloy skeleton within the dense adhesive. When there is no clamping failure, this skeleton provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip, ensuring sufficient rigidity and stable shape. In the event of severe clamping, the shape memory alloy skeleton can utilize the clamping pressure as a trigger to instantly deform and increase the gap at the clamping position, thus actively participating in safety protection. This process requires no additional driving source or external excitation; it relies solely on the inherent properties of the shape memory alloy material to achieve active deformation. The structure is simple and reliable, with low energy consumption, further enhancing the safety and reliability of the system.

[0023] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charging port cover for implementing a graded anti-pinch function in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a charging port cover for implementing a graded anti-pinch function in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-pinch strip structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-pinch strip in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram, 1-outer panel of charging port cover, 2-base of charging port cover, 3-anti-pinch strip, 31-sponge adhesive, 32-pressure sensor, 33-shape memory alloy frame, and 34-solid adhesive for anti-pinch strip. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following description provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various features of the invention. The elements and arrangements described in the specific examples below are only for concise expression of the invention and are merely examples, not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Traditional motor stall prevention schemes rely on the actuator motor stalling and a sharp increase in circuit current when the charging port cover is blocked to identify clamping faults. However, since the charging port cover hinges are mostly made of PP plastic, they inevitably undergo torsional deformation under stress, resulting in an anti-pinch threshold as high as 80N and a high false alarm rate. Traditional motor Hall effect anti-pinch schemes rely on Hall sensors to detect changes in motor speed, requiring complex program algorithms to identify clamping faults, resulting in slow response speed and susceptibility to environmental electromagnetic interference.

[0030] In traditional technologies, sealing is typically achieved with a separate sealing strip, buffering with a separate buffer block or rubber pad, and anti-pinch functionality relies on motor stall detection or Hall effect sensors combined with complex control algorithms. Each functional module is independent, occupies a large layout space, and involves numerous components, complex assembly processes, and high overall costs. This invention employs an anti-pinch strip 3, with the sponge adhesive 31 contacting the charging port cover outer plate 1 through two lips at its head. When the charging port cover is normally closed, it forms a complete sealing barrier, effectively preventing dust, rainwater, and other external impurities from entering the charging port cover. Simultaneously, the elastic properties of the sponge adhesive 31 provide effective cushioning for vibrations of the charging port cover outer plate 1 during vehicle operation, preventing abnormal noises. A shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is embedded within the solid adhesive, providing stable structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3.

[0031] Therefore, the first aspect of this embodiment provides a charging port cover for implementing a graded anti-pinch function, combined with Figures 1-4 As shown, the device includes an outer panel 1 for the charging port cover, an anti-pinch strip 3, and a base 2 for the charging port cover. The outer panel 1 forms the outer surface of the charging port cover and is used to shield the charging port seat when the cover is closed, preventing external dust, rainwater, and other impurities from entering the charging port seat. The base 2 is used to connect to the vehicle body sheet metal or the charging port seat, providing a mounting base for the anti-pinch strip 3. The anti-pinch strip 3 is fixed to the base 2 in a closed ring shape, circumferentially surrounding the opening of the charging port seat. It contacts the outer panel 1 when the charging port cover is closed, thereby achieving sealing, buffering, and anti-pinch functions.

[0032] This invention integrates a flexible pressure sensor 32 into the lower bubble tube of the anti-pinch strip 3. This flexible pressure sensor 32 can bend and conform to the outer contour of the charging port cover base 2, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the magnitude and distribution of pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3. It can accurately determine whether clamping has occurred and precisely identify the magnitude of the clamping pressure and the specific location of the clamping, providing a reliable data basis for triggering the graded anti-pinch mechanism. Simultaneously, this invention utilizes the unique active deformation characteristics of shape memory alloys to actively participate in the system's operation: when there is no clamping fault, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3, ensuring the normal shape of the anti-pinch strip 3 and the stable performance of its sealing and buffering functions; when severe clamping occurs, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 can actively deform at the moment of excessive clamping pressure, thereby increasing the gap between the charging port cover outer plate 1 and the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 at the location of the clamping fault, preventing serious damage to the clamped object.

[0033] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4As shown, the anti-pinch strip 3 adopts a double-bubble tube structure, including an upper bubble tube and a lower bubble tube. The upper bubble tube contains sponge adhesive 31, and the lower bubble tube contains solid adhesive. A pressure sensor 32 is installed inside the upper bubble tube, and a shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is embedded inside the solid adhesive. The sponge adhesive 31, pressure sensor 32, shape memory alloy skeleton 33, and solid adhesive extend continuously along the closed annular structure of the anti-pinch strip 3, so that the sealing, buffering, and graded anti-pinch functions of the anti-pinch strip 3 can cover the entire circumferential closed area of ​​the charging port cover.

[0034] In this embodiment, the anti-pinch strip 3 can be fixed to the charging port cover base 2 by a snap-fit ​​installation method. Specifically, the charging port cover base 2 is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure adapted to the anti-pinch strip 3, and the anti-pinch strip 3 is provided with a snap-fit ​​part that cooperates with the snap-fit ​​structure on the charging port cover base 2. By snapping the snap-fit ​​part on the anti-pinch strip 3 into the snap-fit ​​structure on the charging port cover base 2, the anti-pinch strip 3 can be firmly fixed to the charging port cover base 2. The snap-fit ​​installation method is simple and quick to assemble, and facilitates disassembly and replacement when the anti-pinch strip 3 ages or is damaged. In other embodiments, the anti-pinch strip 3 can also be fixed to the charging port cover base 2 by bonding, embedding, or other suitable connection methods; this embodiment does not specifically limit this method.

[0035] The relative positional relationship between the charging port cover outer plate 1 and the anti-pinch strip 3 is set as follows: (Combined with...) Figure 2 As shown, when the charging port cover is in the normally closed state, the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover contacts the anti-pinch strip 3 (sponge adhesive 31), specifically the two lips on the head of the sponge adhesive 31. Through this contact, the two lips on the sponge adhesive 31 form a continuous sealing barrier between the outer panel 1 and the base 2 of the charging port cover, effectively preventing dust and rainwater from entering the interior of the charging port cover. Simultaneously, the elastic properties of the sponge adhesive 31 allow it to cushion the vibrations of the outer panel 1 during vehicle operation, preventing abnormal noises.

[0036] Combination Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper foam tube is sponge adhesive 31, a composite elastic material of memory foam and silicone. Memory foam has excellent slow rebound characteristics and pressure distribution capabilities, enabling it to deform significantly under pressure to absorb impact energy and slowly return to its original shape after the pressure is removed. Silicone, on the other hand, possesses excellent weather resistance, aging resistance, high and low temperature resistance, and elastic recovery properties. By combining memory foam and silicone, sponge adhesive 31 combines the slow rebound energy absorption characteristics of memory foam with the weather resistance and durability of silicone, maintaining stable elasticity and sealing performance over a long period in the complex operating environment of automobiles.

[0037] The head of the sponge adhesive 31 has two lips that extend continuously along the closed annular direction of the anti-pinch strip 3. When the charging port cover is in the normally closed state, these two lips contact the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover, forming two independent sealing lines, thus constituting a complete sealing structure. The two lips provide double sealing protection; even if one lip wears or deforms due to long-term use, the other lip can still continue to perform its sealing function, effectively extending the sealing service life of the anti-pinch strip 3.

[0038] The sponge adhesive 31 plays the following main roles in the anti-pinch strip 3: First, it provides a sealing function. The two lips of the sponge adhesive 31 contact the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover, forming a complete seal when the charging port cover is closed, preventing dust and rainwater from entering the interior of the charging port cover and protecting the charging port socket and its internal electrical connection components from external environmental pollution. Second, it provides a cushioning function. The elastic properties of the sponge adhesive 31 allow it to cushion the vibration of the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover when the vehicle encounters bumps and vibrations during driving, preventing abnormal noises caused by rigid collisions between the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover and the base 2 of the charging port cover, thus improving the NVH performance of the entire vehicle. Third, it participates in the protection against slight clamping. When the charging port cover outer plate 1 experiences slight clamping during the closing process (clamping pressure less than 5N), the sponge 31 undergoes elastic deformation under pressure. The elasticity of the sponge material absorbs energy, preventing the charging port cover outer plate 1 from being damaged due to twisting and deformation caused by clamping. It resolves the slight clamping risk with a gentle clamping experience. At this time, the pressure sensor 32 does not bear pressure, and the system controller controls the actuator motor to operate normally (i.e., the actuator motor operates normally, controlling the charging port cover outer plate 1 to contact the two lips of the sponge 31 head to close the charging port cover).

[0039] In this embodiment, the sponge adhesive 31 is softer than the solid adhesive. Specifically, the sponge adhesive 31 is a composite elastic material of memory foam and silicone, with low density, large compression deformation, and low hardness; the solid adhesive is a solid elastic thermoplastic vulcanized rubber material with high density, small compression deformation, and high hardness. This dual-bubble structure design, combining softness and hardness, allows the upper bubble tube to deform preferentially when clamping occurs to absorb energy and disperse stress, while the lower bubble tube intervenes after the sponge adhesive 31 has been compressed and deformed to its proper position. The clamping signal is detected by the pressure sensor 32, and active deformation protection is provided by the shape memory alloy skeleton 33, thereby achieving orderly and reliable triggering of the graded anti-pinch function.

[0040] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the pressure sensor 32 is disposed between the upper and lower foam tubes, specifically located inside the sponge adhesive 31 and above the dense adhesive. The pressure sensor 32 is a flexible pressure sensor with good flexibility and bendability, and can be bent arbitrarily according to the outer contour shape of the charging port cover base 2, so as to fit snugly in the closed ring structure of the anti-pinch strip 3, realizing comprehensive and real-time monitoring of the pressure distribution of the entire circumferential closed area of ​​the charging port cover.

[0041] Pressure sensor 32 can monitor the magnitude and distribution of pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3 in real time. When the charging port cover outer plate 1 does not encounter clamping resistance during the closing process, the sponge 31 only bears the normal closing pressure of the charging port cover outer plate 1, and the amount of compression deformation is small. The sponge 31 has not yet come into contact with pressure sensor 32, and pressure sensor 32 outputs a normal pressure monitoring signal. The system determines that there is no clamping fault, and the charging port cover outer plate 1 completes the closing action normally.

[0042] When the charging port cover outer plate 1 experiences moderate clamping (clamping pressure of 5N to 15N) during the closing process, the sponge 31 undergoes significant compression deformation under the clamping pressure. The bottom of the sponge 31 contacts the pressure sensor 32, transmitting the clamping pressure to it. Upon detecting the pressure signal, the pressure sensor 32 triggers a sensing mechanism, sending a clamping signal to the system. Upon receiving this signal, the system identifies a clamping fault and immediately decelerates the actuator motor, simultaneously issuing an audible alert to remind the user to troubleshoot the clamping fault. This method allows for timely warning and intervention before serious consequences result from the clamping.

[0043] When the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover experiences severe clamping (clamping pressure greater than 15N) during the closing process, the sponge 31 is further compressed and deformed. The pressure sensor 32 detects a larger pressure signal and triggers the system to issue an early warning signal. The system controller drives the actuator motor to run in reverse, causing the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover to open in reverse to release the clamping force, thereby avoiding serious damage to the clamped object.

[0044] In this embodiment, the pressure sensor 32 is preferably a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor 32 or a flexible capacitive pressure sensor 32. The flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor 32 integrates a piezoresistive material (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or conductive polymers) onto a flexible substrate. When pressure is applied, the resistance value of the piezoresistive material changes accordingly with the pressure magnitude; the pressure magnitude can be determined by detecting the change in resistance. The flexible capacitive pressure sensor 32 uses flexible electrodes on both sides of a flexible dielectric layer. When pressure is applied, the thickness or dielectric constant of the dielectric layer changes, causing a change in capacitance; the pressure magnitude can be determined by detecting the change in capacitance. Both of these flexible pressure sensors 32 possess good flexibility and bendability, adapting to the closed-loop arrangement requirements of the anti-pinch strip 3, and enabling real-time monitoring of pressure magnitude and distribution. In other embodiments, other suitable types of flexible pressure sensors 32 can also be used; this embodiment does not specifically limit this type.

[0045] The pressure sensors 32 are arranged continuously or segmentally along the closed annular direction of the anti-pinch strip 3. When arranged continuously, the pressure sensors 32 can continuously monitor the pressure distribution throughout the entire circumferential closed area of ​​the anti-pinch strip 3, resulting in more accurate clamping and positioning. When arranged segmentally, the pressure sensors 32 are set at multiple key locations on the anti-pinch strip 3, which can reduce sensor costs while ensuring pressure monitoring coverage at key locations. Those skilled in the art can choose a suitable arrangement method according to actual monitoring needs.

[0046] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the solid adhesive is a solid elastic TPV (thermoplastic vulcanizate) material. TPV material combines the elasticity of rubber with the processing properties of thermoplastics, possessing excellent weather resistance, aging resistance, high and low temperature resistance, ozone resistance, and good elasticity and sealing performance. It can maintain stable physical and chemical properties over a long period in the complex operating environment of automobiles. The solid adhesive provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3, ensuring that the anti-pinch strip 3 has sufficient rigidity and a stable shape, making it less prone to collapse or permanent deformation during long-term use of the charging port cover.

[0047] A shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is embedded within the dense adhesive. The shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is made of shape memory alloy material. Shape memory alloy is a functional material that, after plastic deformation at a certain temperature, can recover its original shape before deformation when the temperature is raised above its phase transformation temperature. Commonly used shape memory alloy materials include nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi), copper-zinc-aluminum alloy (CuZnAl), and copper-aluminum-nickel alloy (CuAlNi). In this embodiment, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is preferably made of nickel-titanium alloy. Nickel-titanium alloy has excellent shape memory effect, superelasticity, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. It can undergo elastic deformation under external force and recover its original shape after the external force is removed, making it very suitable for the graded anti-pinch application scenario of this invention.

[0048] The shape memory alloy skeleton 33 plays the following main roles in the anti-pinch strip 3: First, it provides structural support. When there is no clamping fault, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3, ensuring that the anti-pinch strip 3 has sufficient rigidity and a stable shape, allowing the two lips of the sponge adhesive 31 head to maintain stable contact with the charging port cover outer plate 1, ensuring the normal functioning of the sealing and buffering functions. Second, it provides active deformation protection. When severe clamping occurs (clamping pressure greater than 15N), due to the excessive clamping pressure, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 within the dense adhesive will instantly undergo active deformation, with a maximum deformation of up to 3mm. This increases the gap between the charging port cover outer plate 1 and the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 at the location of the clamping fault, preventing serious damage to the clamped object. Third, it has a self-recovery function. When the clamping fault is eliminated and the system returns to normal, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 returns to its original initial state, and the anti-pinch strip 3 can continue to work normally without manual reset or replacement of parts.

[0049] In this embodiment, the phase transition temperature of the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is set slightly higher than room temperature (e.g., between 40°C and 60°C), allowing the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 to maintain high stiffness and stable shape under room temperature conditions, providing structural support for the anti-pinch strip 3. When the clamping pressure is too high, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 undergoes elastic deformation under the clamping pressure, with a maximum deformation of 3mm, thereby increasing the gap at the clamping position. When the clamping fault is eliminated and the clamping pressure is removed, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 recovers to its original initial state using its own hyperelasticity or shape memory effect. In other embodiments, the phase transition temperature, alloy composition, cross-sectional shape, and size of the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 can also be adaptively adjusted according to the specific usage environment and performance requirements; this embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0050] The shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is continuously embedded along the length of the solid adhesive, and its cross-sectional shape can be designed as a circle, rectangle, ellipse or other suitable shape according to actual needs. The shape memory alloy skeleton 33 and the solid adhesive can be integrated through co-extrusion molding, insert injection molding or other suitable processes, thereby ensuring that the connection between the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 and the solid adhesive is firm and reliable, and that there will be no relative displacement or detachment during the long-term use of the anti-pinch strip 3.

[0051] Combination Figures 1-4 As shown, the graded anti-pinch working process of the charging port cover of the present invention during the closing process is described in detail.

[0052] Step S1: When the charging port cover is in the open state, the system receives the instruction to close the charging port cover when the user completes the charging operation or does not perform the charging operation, drives the actuator motor to rotate forward, and drives the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover to move in the closing direction.

[0053] Step S2: Pressure sensor 32 monitors the magnitude and distribution of pressure on anti-pinch strip 3 in real time and transmits the pressure monitoring signal to the system controller in real time.

[0054] Step S3: The system controller determines whether a clamping fault exists based on the pressure monitoring signal transmitted by the pressure sensor 32. If the pressure monitoring signal shows that the pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3 is less than 5N, it is determined that there is no clamping fault or only slight clamping, and proceeds to step S4; if the pressure monitoring signal shows that the pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3 is between 5N and 15N, it is determined that there is a moderate clamping fault, and proceeds to step S5; if the pressure monitoring signal shows that the pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3 is greater than 15N, it is determined that there is a severe clamping fault, and proceeds to step S6.

[0055] Step S4 (Minor Pinch Protection): When the pinching pressure is less than 5N, the sponge 31 in the upper bubble tube of the anti-pinch strip 3 undergoes elastic deformation under pressure. The elasticity of the sponge material absorbs energy, preventing the charging port cover outer plate 1 from being damaged by twisting and deformation due to pinching. Since the pinching pressure is small, the elastic deformation of the sponge 31 can resolve the pinching risk on its own, without triggering the system-level anti-pinch action. The charging port cover outer plate 1 continues to complete the closing action normally.

[0056] Step S5 (Medium Clamping Protection): When the clamping pressure reaches a medium clamping level of 5N to 15N, the sponge 31 undergoes significant compression deformation under the clamping pressure and comes into contact with the pressure sensor 32 inside the foam tube. The pressure sensor 32 triggers the sensing mechanism and sends a clamping signal to the system. After receiving the clamping signal, the system controller identifies the clamping fault and decelerates the actuator motor, reducing the closing speed of the charging port cover outer plate 1. At the same time, it emits a prompt sound (such as a buzzer alarm or a car audio prompt sound) to remind the user to check for the clamping fault. After receiving the prompt, the user promptly removes the clamping obstacle (such as a finger or other object). After the clamping fault is eliminated, the charging port cover outer plate 1 continues to complete the closing action.

[0057] Step S6 (Severe Clamping Protection): When the clamping pressure exceeds the severe clamping level of 15N, the pressure sensor 32 triggers the system to issue a warning signal. The system controller actuator motor reverses, causing the charging port cover outer plate 1 to open in the reverse direction to release the clamping force, thereby preventing serious damage to the clamped object. At the same time, due to the excessive clamping pressure, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 within the dense adhesive will be instantly triggered to undergo active deformation, with a maximum deformation of up to 3mm. This increases the gap between the charging port cover outer plate 1 and the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 at the clamping fault location, further preventing serious damage to the clamped object.

[0058] Step S7: Once the clamping fault is eliminated (i.e., the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 32 returns to the normal range), the system controller controls the actuator motor to stop reversing, and the charging port cover outer plate 1 stops in the reverse open position, waiting for the user to confirm safety before issuing a closing command again. At the same time, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 returns to its original initial state using its own superelasticity or shape memory effect, and the anti-pinch strip 3 returns to its normal shape, allowing it to continue working normally.

[0059] Through the above-described graded anti-pinch process, the present invention can take corresponding protective measures according to the actual magnitude of the clamping pressure. In the case of slight clamping, it can resolve the risk by gently elastic deformation. In the case of moderate clamping, it can intervene in a timely manner by decelerating the operation and issuing a warning sound. In the case of severe clamping, it can provide protection through the dual mechanism of reverse motor operation and active deformation of the shape memory alloy skeleton 33, thus achieving the optimal balance between safety protection and user experience.

[0060] Working status of anti-pinch strip 3 in normal closed state and vehicle driving state: When the charging port cover is in the normally closed state, the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover contacts the two lips of the sponge 31 head in the upper foam tube of the anti-pinch strip 3. At this time, the sponge 31 is in a slightly compressed state, and the two lips form two continuous sealing lines with the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover, forming a complete sealing barrier, effectively preventing dust and rainwater from entering the interior of the charging port cover, and protecting the charging port socket and its internal electrical connection components from external environmental pollution.

[0061] During normal vehicle operation, vehicles will encounter various road bumps and vibrations. When the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover vibrates due to vehicle bumps, the elastic properties of the sponge 31 can effectively buffer the vibration of the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover, absorb vibration energy, and prevent abnormal noises caused by rigid collision between the outer panel 1 of the charging port cover and the base 2 of the charging port cover, thereby improving the NVH performance of the whole vehicle and improving the user's driving experience.

[0062] During normal vehicle operation, if no clamping fault occurs, the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 32 is within the normal range, and the system determines that there is no clamping fault, and the charging port cover remains in the normal closed state. At this time, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 maintains high rigidity and stable shape under normal temperature conditions, providing structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3, ensuring that the two lips of the sponge adhesive 31 head can stably maintain contact with the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover, and ensuring the normal functioning of the sealing and buffering functions.

[0063] Material selection and preparation process: In this embodiment, the sponge adhesive 31 is made of a composite material of memory foam and silicone. The memory foam preferably has a density of 40 kg / m³ to 80 kg / m³ and a Shore hardness of 10A to 30A, exhibiting suitable elasticity and slow rebound characteristics. A silicone layer covers the outside of the memory foam, preferably with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm and a Shore hardness of 20A to 40A, possessing excellent weather resistance, aging resistance, and high and low temperature resistance. Through the selection of the above material parameters, the sponge adhesive 31 possesses both the slow rebound energy absorption characteristics of memory foam and the weather resistance and durability of silicone.

[0064] In this embodiment, the solid adhesive is made of TPV (thermoplastic vulcanizate) material. The Shore hardness of the TPV material is preferably 50A to 80A, which is much higher than the Shore hardness of the sponge adhesive 31, thus providing solid structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3. The TPV material has excellent weather resistance, aging resistance, high and low temperature resistance (operating temperature range can reach -40℃ to 125℃), as well as good elasticity and sealing performance, and can maintain stable physical and chemical properties for a long time in the complex use environment of automobiles.

[0065] In this embodiment, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is preferably made of nickel-titanium alloy (NiTi). The phase transformation temperature (austenite finish temperature Af) of the nickel-titanium alloy is preferably set to 40°C to 60°C, so that the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 maintains a martensitic or mixed phase of martensite and austenite in a normal temperature environment (such as the automotive operating temperature range of -20°C to 40°C), possessing high stiffness and stable morphology, providing structural support for the anti-clamping strip 3; when the clamping pressure is too high, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 undergoes elastic deformation under the clamping pressure, with a maximum deformation of up to 3mm; when the clamping pressure is removed, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 recovers to its original initial state by utilizing its own hyperelasticity or shape memory effect.

[0066] The anti-pinch strip 3 can be manufactured as follows: First, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 is drawn and shaped into a continuous long strip with the required cross-sectional shape and size. Then, the TPV material and the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 are integrally extruded and molded through a co-extrusion molding process, so that the TPV material covers the outside of the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 to form a dense adhesive. Next, the flexible pressure sensor 32 is attached and arranged on top of the dense adhesive. Finally, the sponge adhesive 31 (a composite material of memory sponge and silicone) is set on top of the pressure sensor 32 by bonding or co-extrusion to form an upper bubble tube structure. The anti-pinch strip 3 obtained by the above process is a continuous closed ring structure that can be arranged circumferentially around the opening of the charging port cover base 2.

[0067] Combination Figures 1-4 As shown, the second aspect of the present invention provides a charging port anti-pinch system, which mainly includes the following components: charging port cover outer plate 1, anti-pinch strip 3 (including sponge adhesive 31, pressure sensor 32, shape memory alloy skeleton 33, and solid adhesive), charging port cover base 2, actuator motor and system controller, and prompting sound device.

[0068] The actuator motor is connected to the charging port cover and drives the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover to open or close. The system controller is electrically connected to the actuator motor, pressure sensor 32, and alarm device. The pressure sensor 32 transmits the pressure signal it monitors in real time to the system controller. The system controller determines the magnitude and distribution of the clamping pressure based on the pressure signal and issues corresponding control commands to the actuator motor and alarm device based on the determination result.

[0069] The system controller has a pre-set tiered anti-pinch control logic. When the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 32 is less than 5N, the system controller determines that there is no clamping fault or slight clamping, and does not trigger the anti-pinch action. The actuator motor rotates normally in the forward direction to complete the closing action of the charging port cover. When the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 32 is between 5N and 15N, the system controller determines that there is a moderate clamping fault, sends a deceleration command to the actuator motor, and sends an alarm command to the prompting device. The actuator motor decelerates, and the prompting device sounds an alarm to remind the user to check for clamping faults. When the pressure signal detected by the pressure sensor 32 is greater than 15N, the system controller determines that there is a severe clamping fault, sends a reverse operation command to the actuator motor, and sends a warning command to the prompting device. The actuator motor reverses to open the outer plate 1 of the charging port cover in the reverse direction to release the clamping force, and the prompting device sounds a warning alarm to remind the user to pay attention to safety.

[0070] The system controller can be implemented using a microsystem controller (MCU), digital signal processor (DSP), or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and internally stores the control program used to implement the aforementioned hierarchical anti-pinch control logic. Signal transmission between the pressure sensor 32 and the system controller can be analog or digital. When the pressure sensor 32 is a piezoresistive pressure sensor, the resistance change signal output by the pressure sensor 32 can be conditioned by a signal conditioning circuit (such as a Wheatstone bridge and instrumentation amplifier) ​​before being transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) input of the system controller. When the pressure sensor 32 is a capacitive pressure sensor, the capacitance change signal output by the pressure sensor 32 can be converted by a capacitor-to-voltage converter before being transmitted to the system controller. The system controller compares the received pressure signal with preset pressure thresholds (5N and 15N) and executes the corresponding anti-pinch control strategy based on the comparison result.

[0071] The third aspect of this embodiment provides an automobile, which mainly includes the following components: a charging port cover outer plate 1, an anti-pinch strip 3 (including sponge adhesive 31, pressure sensor 32, shape memory alloy skeleton 33, and solid adhesive), a charging port cover base 2, an actuator motor and a system controller, and a prompting device.

[0072] In summary, this invention, by incorporating an anti-pinch strip 3 with a double-bubble structure on the charging port cover base 2, integrates the sponge adhesive 31, flexible pressure sensor 32, shape memory alloy skeleton 33, and solid adhesive into a single design. This allows the anti-pinch strip 3 to simultaneously possess three functions: sealing, cushioning, and graded anti-pinch protection, resulting in significant technical advantages. First, the functions are highly integrated and the structure is compact. This invention integrates the three functions of sealing, buffering, and anti-pinch of the charging port cover into the same anti-pinch strip 3 structure, eliminating the need for additional independent sealing strips, buffer blocks, Hall sensors, and other components. The number of components is significantly reduced, the structural layout is more compact, which is conducive to the lightweight design of the whole vehicle and effectively reduces material and assembly costs.

[0073] Secondly, the system employs a combination of distributed pressure sensors 32 and active deformation technology, resulting in strong adaptability, high safety, and high anti-pinch accuracy. The flexible pressure sensor 32 can bend arbitrarily to conform to the outer contour of the charging port cover base 2, enabling real-time monitoring of the magnitude and distribution of pressure on the anti-pinch strip 3. This not only accurately determines whether clamping has occurred but also precisely identifies the magnitude of the clamping pressure and the specific location of the clamp. The shape memory alloy skeleton 33 cleverly utilizes the unique active deformation characteristics of shape memory alloys to actively participate in the system's operation. When there is no clamping fault, it provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3; in the event of severe clamping, it can instantly and actively deform to increase the gap, preventing serious consequences from clamping faults. This solution does not rely on motor stall or Hall effect speed detection, has a fast response speed, and is less susceptible to environmental electromagnetic interference.

[0074] Third, it pioneered a three-tiered anti-pinch response mechanism. Based on the clamping pressure, the anti-pinch response is divided into three levels: slight clamping protection (less than 5N), moderate clamping protection (5N to 15N), and severe clamping protection (greater than 15N). Different anti-pinch faults correspond to different anti-pinch mechanisms, achieving precise and gentle tiered safety protection. In cases of slight clamping, the risk is mitigated by gentle elastic deformation. In cases of moderate clamping, timely intervention is provided through deceleration and audible warnings. In cases of severe clamping, a dual mechanism of reverse motor operation and active deformation of the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 provides coordinated protection, achieving an optimal balance between safety and user experience.

[0075] Fourth, the flexible pressure sensor 32 is arranged to conform to the shape, providing comprehensive detection coverage and precise clamping positioning. The flexible pressure sensor 32 can be fitted into the closed ring structure of the anti-pinch strip 3, enabling comprehensive and real-time monitoring of the pressure distribution throughout the entire circumferential closed area of ​​the charging port cover. It can acquire pressure signals at the precise clamping position at the first moment of clamping, providing a solid hardware foundation for the accurate triggering of the graded anti-pinch mechanism.

[0076] Fifth, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 serves a dual function of structural support and active protection, requiring no additional driving source. When there is no clamping failure, the shape memory alloy skeleton 33 provides structural support for the entire anti-pinch strip 3. In the event of severe clamping, it utilizes the clamping pressure as a trigger condition to instantly deform and increase the gap at the clamping position. Active deformation can be achieved solely through the inherent properties of the shape memory alloy material, resulting in a simple, reliable structure with low energy consumption, further enhancing the safety and reliability of the system.

[0077] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows for communication; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of multiple components or the interaction between multiple components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0078] All terms used in this invention (including technical or scientific terms) have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0079] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function, characterized in that, It includes an outer panel (1) of the charging port cover, a base (2) of the charging port cover, and an anti-pinch strip (3) disposed on the base (2) of the charging port cover; the anti-pinch strip (3) is fixed on the base (2) of the charging port cover in a closed ring shape. The anti-pinch strip (3) includes a sponge adhesive (31), a pressure sensor (32) and a solid adhesive that are subjected to force from the outside to the inside. A shape memory alloy skeleton (33) is embedded inside the solid adhesive. The outer panel (1) of the charging port cover is in contact with the sponge adhesive (31) in the closed state.

2. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sponge adhesive (31) is a composite elastic material of memory foam and silicone.

3. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The sponge adhesive (31) has at least two lips, which contact the outer plate (1) of the charging port cover when the outer plate (1) of the charging port cover is in the closed state, so as to form a seal inside the charging port cover.

4. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (32) is configured to monitor the magnitude and distribution of the pressure on the anti-pinch strip (3) in real time.

5. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid rubber is a solid elastic thermoplastic vulcanized rubber material, and the shape memory alloy skeleton (33) is embedded inside the solid rubber.

6. A charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardness of the sponge adhesive (31) is lower than that of the solid adhesive, so that the sponge adhesive (31) undergoes compression deformation before the solid adhesive.

7. A charging port anti-pinch system, characterized in that, The system includes a charging port cover for implementing graded anti-pinch function according to any one of claims 1-6, a system controller, and an actuator motor for driving the opening and closing of the outer plate (1) of the charging port cover; the pressure sensor (32) is signal-connected to the system controller, and the system controller is configured to perform graded anti-pinch response according to the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (32).

8. A charging port anti-pinch system according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (32) is less than the first threshold, it is determined to be a slight clamping. The sponge (31) is deformed by pressure to absorb the clamping energy, and the actuator motor continues to operate normally.

9. A charging port anti-pinch system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (32) is not less than the first threshold and not greater than the second threshold, it is determined to be a moderate clamping condition. The system controller is configured to send a deceleration operation command to the actuator motor and trigger a prompt sound to remind the user to check for clamping faults. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold.

10. A charging port anti-pinch system according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the pressure detected by the pressure sensor (32) is greater than the second threshold, it is determined to be a severe clamping. The system controller is configured to send a reverse running command to the actuator motor and trigger the shape memory alloy skeleton (33) to undergo active deformation to increase the gap at the clamping position.

11. A charging port anti-pinch system according to any one of claims 9-10, characterized in that, The first threshold is 5N, and the second threshold is 15N.

12. A car, characterized in that, Includes a charging port anti-pinch system as described in any one of claims 7-11.

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