Large-size vehicle heavy door adjusting tool and adjusting method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a large-size vehicle heavy door assembly and adjustment tool and an assembly and adjustment method thereof. The tool comprises a vehicle body positioning tool, a door suspension adjustment tool, a door switching tool and a door overturning tool. The door suspension adjustment tool is integrated with a balancer. Each tool is provided with universal wheels at the bottom. Quick clamps with coarse positioning blocks are used to realize tool butt joint. The matched assembly and adjustment method comprises eight steps of vehicle body positioning, door overturning, balancer hoisting, X-direction coarse positioning, X / Z-direction accurate positioning, Y-direction initial adjustment, X / Z-axis rotation fine adjustment and Y-axis micro-rotation accurate adjustment to complete 70kg heavy door assembly adjustment. The application relies on the balancer to bear the heavy door, reduces the labor intensity, and a set of tool is used for four door stations of a whole vehicle. Through hierarchical and step-by-step multi-dimensional fine adjustment, the door gap difference assembly precision is improved. Without complex measurement and calculation, the assembly efficiency is significantly improved, and the application is suitable for large-size heavy commercial vehicle door trial assembly scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive prototyping and assembly tooling technology, and in particular to a tooling and method for assembling and adjusting heavy-duty doors of large-size vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] A typical passenger car door assembly weighs approximately 20kg. During the prototyping stage, manual handling, assembly, and fine-tuning can be completed directly without the need for specialized tooling. However, for large-sized vehicles, the door assembly can weigh up to 70kg, far exceeding the load of stable manual operation, presenting the following significant technical challenges: 1. High labor intensity and long assembly time: A single person cannot stably lift and align a heavy car door. When multiple people work together to lift the car door, the force is uneven. The assembly and alignment process requires repeated trial assembly, which greatly lengthens the overall assembly cycle. 2. Difficulty in adjusting the door: The weight of the door itself can easily cause misalignment after assembly. It is difficult to accurately control the X, Y, and Z translational directions and the three-axis rotation angle of the door under manual support. The gap and surface difference between the door and the side panel of the car body are inconsistent. 3. Lack of universal adaptable tooling: Existing door assembly tooling is mostly designed for lightweight passenger car doors, lacking load-bearing, lifting, and multi-degree-of-freedom micro-adjustment structures adapted to 70kg heavy-duty car doors; existing door adjustment methods mostly rely on scanning measurement to calculate the adjustment amount or adding counterweights for assistance. The scanning and calculation process is cumbersome, and the counterweights can only balance the weight of the car itself and cannot achieve multi-dimensional precise adjustment, resulting in low work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tooling and method for assembling and adjusting heavy doors of large-size vehicles, which can solve at least one of the following technical defects in the existing manual assembly of heavy doors of large-size vehicles: high labor intensity, difficulty in alignment and adjustment, poor universality of existing auxiliary tooling, and low efficiency of traditional adjustment methods.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: On the one hand, this solution provides a large-size vehicle door assembly and adjustment fixture, including a body positioning fixture, a door suspension adjustment fixture, a door adapter fixture, and a door flipping fixture; The door suspension adjustment fixture has an integrated balancer at the top, which can support a heavy door and suspend it at any vertical height. The vehicle body positioning fixture and the door suspension adjustment fixture are arranged adjacently on the same horizontal plane. They are detachably locked together by a push-pull quick clamp with a coarse positioning block. The push-pull quick clamp with a coarse positioning block includes a push-pull clamp body and a positioning block. The positioning block is located on the clamping side of the clamp to achieve coarse positioning first and then clamping and locking. The door suspension adjustment fixture and the door adapter fixture are connected by a lifting ring; the door adapter fixture and the door flipping fixture are detachably locked by a common quick clamp, and the door adapter fixture and the door flipping fixture are arranged as a whole below the door suspension adjustment fixture. The vehicle body positioning fixture, the door suspension adjustment fixture, and the door flipping fixture are all equipped with casters at the bottom, enabling the fixture to move freely as a whole. The vehicle body positioning fixture is equipped with two sets of positioning planes and four positioning pins for limiting and fixing the body-in-white. The interior of the vehicle body positioning fixture is arranged with a slide rail along the Y direction for the door to slide along the Y direction to adjust the surface difference. The door adapter tooling integrates a positioning pin, a gap block, and a set screw device; the positioning pin is used to cooperate with the positioning holes of the body-in-white to achieve precise positioning in the X and Z directions; the gap block is used to adjust the rotation angle of the door's X and Z axes according to the measured surface difference; the set screw device is used to drive the door to complete a small angle rotation adjustment on the Y axis. This tooling is compatible with the general operation of four doors on the left front, right front, left rear, and right rear of a vehicle. Different door installation and adjustment scenarios can be switched simply by changing the corresponding door adapter tooling.

[0005] Furthermore, the balancer is fixed to the top crossbeam of the door suspension adjustment fixture, and the output end of the balancer is connected to the door adapter fixture through a hanging ring. It can bear the 70kg door load throughout the process without the need for continuous manual support.

[0006] On the other hand, this solution provides a method for adjusting the heavy-duty doors of large-size vehicles based on the above-mentioned tooling, including the following steps: S1. Positioning and fixing of the body-in-white: Place the body-in-white on top of the body positioning fixture, and rely on the two positioning planes of the body positioning fixture to fit the body reference surface. Insert the four positioning pins into the preset positioning holes of the body-in-white to complete the overall positioning and fixing of the body-in-white. S2, Door horizontal to vertical displacement: Secure the door adapter and door flipping fixture together with quick clamps, and use the bottom casters to move the combined fixture to the side of the body positioning fixture for assembly; operate the door flipping fixture drive mechanism to flip the horizontally placed heavy door to a vertical assembly position. S3. Balancer hoisting and docking, and release the constraint of the flipping fixture: Lower the lifting ring of the balancer of the door suspension adjustment fixture and connect the lifting ring to the door adapter fixture; release the quick clamp between the door adapter fixture and the door flipping fixture to release the constraint of the flipping fixture on the door adapter fixture. S4. Door X-direction coarse positioning: The body positioning fixture and the door suspension adjustment fixture are locked together by a push-pull quick clamp with a coarse positioning block. After the two are coarsely aligned by the positioning block, they are clamped to initially define the X-direction assembly reference position of the door. S5, precise positioning of the door in X and Z directions: Operate the door adapter tool and insert the positioning pin configured on it into the corresponding positioning hole on the side of the white body to complete the precise positioning of the door in X and Z directions. S6. Initial adjustment of the door in the Y direction: Slide the entire door along the Y-direction slide rail inside the body positioning fixture, observe the initial surface difference between the door and the outer side panel of the body-in-white in real time, and complete the basic position matching of the door in the Y direction. S7. Fine-tuning of door X and Z axis rotation: Based on the measured gap and surface difference values ​​between the door and the side panel, select gap blocks of corresponding thickness and place them between the door adapter and the door to adjust the rotation angle of the door around the X and Z axes to eliminate large-angle gap deviations. S8. Fine adjustment of door Y-axis micro-rotation: Rotate the set screw device on the door adapter, and the end of the set screw abuts against the door reference surface, driving the door to rotate at a small angle around the Y-axis, finely correcting local surface differences until the gap and surface difference between the door and the side panel of the vehicle body meet the requirements of the assembly drawings, and complete the door assembly and adjustment operation.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) Significantly reduce assembly labor intensity: Relying on the balancer to support the 70kg heavy-duty door throughout the process, the manual lifting and multi-person collaborative lifting process is eliminated, and a single person can complete all door assembly and adjustment operations, reducing the manual load; (2) The tooling is highly versatile and adaptable to multiple workstations: the bottom of the body positioning tooling, the door suspension adjustment tooling, and the door flipping tooling are all equipped with casters, which can be freely moved to the four doors of the vehicle body; only the door adapter tooling needs to be replaced to adapt to different door specifications. One set of tooling covers the assembly of all four doors of the vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost of multiple sets of tooling. (3) High assembly and adjustment accuracy and convenient adjustment: During assembly, the tooling can be used to adopt an eight-step process of "coarse positioning - precise limit - three-axis translation initial adjustment - three-axis rotation step-by-step fine adjustment". The positioning pin, slide rail, gap block and set screw device are used to achieve X / Y / Z translation and three-axis rotation adjustment in layers. There is no need for complex mathematical calculations and three-dimensional scanning measurement. The adjustment steps are intuitive and the consistency of door gap and surface difference matching is significantly improved. (4) Reliable tooling positioning and locking: The innovative push-pull quick clamp with coarse positioning block is adopted. The coarse alignment is completed by the positioning block before clamping, avoiding tooling misalignment caused by direct clamping, and the positioning accuracy is higher. (5) Improved work efficiency: It integrates the functions of door flipping, transfer, load-bearing and multi-dimensional fine adjustment, saving the time of manual flipping and repeated alignment and trial assembly, and shortening the cycle time by more than 40% compared with traditional manual assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the large-size heavy-duty vehicle door assembly tooling of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle body positioning fixture structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the door suspension adjustment fixture structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the door adapter structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the door flipping fixture structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the push-pull quick-locking structure with a coarse positioning block of the present invention.

[0010] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1a-Vehicle positioning fixture; 1b-Door suspension adjustment fixture; 1c-Door adapter fixture; 1d-Door flipping fixture; 1-Positioning pin; 2-Positioning plane; 3-Slide rail; 4-Balancer; 5-Universal wheel; 6-Quick clamp; 7-Gap block; 8-Setting screw device; 9-Lifting ring; 10-Positioning pin; 11-Positioning block. Detailed Implementation

[0011] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0012] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0013] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0014] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0015] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0017] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0018] Example 1: Implementation of the Physical Structure of the Tooling for Adjusting Heavy-Duty Doors of Large-Size Vehicles like Figure 1 As shown, the complete tooling set consists of four independent modules: vehicle body positioning tooling 1a ( Figure 2 ), door suspension adjustment tool 1b ( Figure 3 ), door adapter tooling 1c ( Figure 4 ), door flipping fixture 1d ( Figure 5 Each module is formed independently, and can be disassembled and assembled using quick clamps 6 and lifting rings 9.

[0019] Body positioning fixture 1a ( Figure 2 Detailed structure: The body positioning fixture 1a is a rectangular frame steel structure. Universal wheels 5 are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the frame, allowing it to move freely without tracks. The upper surface of the fixture frame is provided with two sets of positioning planes 2 (support surfaces) and four positioning pins 1. The positioning planes 2 and the positioning pins 1 together form the white body reference positioning structure. The positioning planes 2 are in contact with the bottom reference surface of the white body, and the positioning pins 1 are inserted into the preset process holes of the white body to achieve the limit. Inside the tooling frame, a slide rail 3 is horizontally arranged along the Y direction of the vehicle body. The slide rail 3 is used to support the sliding of the door assembly along the Y direction, so as to realize the Y-direction translation adjustment of the door. The side of the vehicle body positioning fixture 1a has a welded clamp mounting bracket, on which a push-pull quick clamp 6 with a coarse positioning block 11 is mounted (see structure). Figure 6 ), used to dock and lock with the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b.

[0020] Door suspension adjustment tool 1b ( Figure 3 Detailed structure: The door suspension adjustment fixture 1b is a portal frame structure with casters 5 at the bottom of the frame, which can move independently. The top crossbeam of the portal frame is fixedly installed with a balancer 4, which is a gravity balancer structure with a rated load matching a 70kg door. The end of the output wire rope of the balancer 4 is connected to a lifting ring 9. Operating platforms are set on both sides of the portal frame to facilitate height adjustment by operators; clamp docking supports are set on the lower side of the frame to connect with the quick clamps 6 of the vehicle body positioning fixture 1a; the balancer 4 can move slightly laterally along the crossbeam and can lock and hover at any vertical height to support the weight of the door throughout the process without manual lifting.

[0021] Door adapter tool 1c ( Figure 4 Detailed structure: The door adapter 1c is a rectangular frame adapter frame. The top two sides of the frame are fixed with lifting rings 9 for connection with the balancer 4 wire rope for hoisting. Multiple sets of positioning pins 10, gap blocks 7, and top screw devices 8 are set around the frame. Positioning pin 10 matches the positioning hole on the side of the body-in-white to achieve precise positioning of the door in the X and Z directions; gap block 7 is a multi-thickness shim, which is placed between the adapter and the door mating surface to change the rotation angle of the door in the X and Z axes; set screw device 8 is evenly distributed on the side of the adapter frame, and the end of the set screw can press against the door sheet metal. Rotating the set screw can drive the door to produce a slight rotation in the Y axis. The adapter tool is equipped with a clamp connecting seat on the side, which can be locked with the quick clamp 6 of the door flip tool 1d; for the four doors of the whole vehicle, only the door adapter tool 1c with different shape contours needs to be replaced to complete the switching of the left front, right front, left rear and right rear doors, and the other tooling modules are universal.

[0022] Car door flipping fixture 1d ( Figure 5 Detailed structure: The bottom frame of the door flipping fixture 1d is equipped with casters 5, and the upper part of the frame is equipped with a flipping drive mechanism and two sets of quick clamps 6. The quick clamps 6 are used to clamp and fix the door transfer fixture 1c. The flipping drive mechanism can drive the clamps and the transfer fixture to rotate 90° as a whole, flipping the horizontal door placed inside the fixture to a vertical assembly position. A hand push rod is provided at the rear of the fixture to facilitate the operator to push and transfer it.

[0023] Push-pull quick-locking structure with coarse positioning block 11 Figure 6 ): This structure is one of the core innovative structures of this invention, including a push-pull quick clamp 6 body and a positioning block 11. The positioning block 11 is fixedly installed on one side of the clamp base. Before clamping, the docking reference surfaces of the vehicle body positioning fixture 1a and the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b are first aligned with the positioning block 11 to complete the rough alignment, and then the clamp handle is operated to complete the clamping and locking. Compared with ordinary quick clamps 6, it can avoid the tooling offset during the clamping process and improve the overall positioning accuracy.

[0024] Spatial relationships and connections between various tooling modules: The body positioning fixture 1a and the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b are placed on the same horizontal ground plane and arranged adjacent to each other. The body positioning fixture 1a and the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b are detachably connected by a quick clamp 6 with a positioning block 11. The door suspension adjustment fixture 1b is lifted by the lifting ring 9 to the door adapter fixture 1c. The door adapter fixture 1c is temporarily locked to the door flipping fixture 1d by the quick clamp 6. The door adapter fixture 1c and the door flipping fixture 1d are located in the area below the portal frame of the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b.

[0025] Example 2: Complete Implementation Process of Large-Size Vehicle Door Assembly and Adjustment Method Based on Tooling of Example 1 This embodiment uses the above-mentioned tooling to assemble and adjust the gaps and surface differences of a 70kg heavy-duty vehicle door. The process is divided into eight steps, with a fixed sequence between the steps. Positioning, translation, and rotational fine-tuning are achieved layer by layer. The specific operation is as follows: S1. White body positioning and fixing The body-in-white to be assembled is hoisted and placed above the body positioning fixture 1a, so that the bottom reference surface of the body-in-white is completely in contact with the two sets of positioning planes 2 of the fixture. At the same time, the four positioning pins 1 are inserted into the preset positioning process holes of the body-in-white to complete the six-degree-of-freedom fixation of the body-in-white. During the assembly process, the body-in-white does not move or shake.

[0026] S2, Door horizontal to vertical displacement Place the door adapter 1c inside the frame of the door flipping fixture 1d, and operate the quick clamp 6 of the door flipping fixture 1d to clamp the door adapter 1c, achieving a rigid connection between the two; the operator holds the push rod at the rear of the flipping fixture and uses the bottom universal wheels 5 to push the whole thing to the door assembly station corresponding to the side of the body positioning fixture 1a; start the flipping fixture drive mechanism to drive the adapter and the horizontally placed heavy door inside to flip 90°, so that the door changes from a horizontal storage posture to a vertical assembly posture, and lock the flipping mechanism after the flipping is completed.

[0027] S3, balancer 4 hoisting and docking, release the constraints of the overturning fixture. The operator moves the door suspension adjustment fixture 1b to the side of the body positioning fixture 1a, releases the steel wire rope of the balancer 4, lowers the lifting ring 9 to the top position of the door adapter fixture 1c, and connects and fixes the lifting ring 9 to the top lifting point of the adapter fixture; the balancer 4 automatically bears the entire weight of the door and the adapter fixture; then the quick clamp 6 between the door flipping fixture 1d and the adapter fixture is released, and the door flipping fixture 1d is moved away, completing the detachment of the flipping fixture.

[0028] S4, Door X-axis coarse positioning Push the door suspension adjustment tool 1b to fit into the body positioning tool 1a, so that the two docking reference surfaces fit together. The positioning block 11 on the side of the quick clamp 6 completes the rough alignment, and the push-pull quick clamp 6 handle is pressed down to complete the clamping and locking. Relying on the rigid connection of the two sets of tools, the overall X-axis assembly reference of the door is initially defined to avoid large left and right offsets of the door.

[0029] S5, precise X and Z direction limiters for car doors The operator fine-tunes the height of the balancer 4, causing the door adapter 1c to move slightly up and down and back and forth, so that the positioning pin 10 on the adapter is precisely inserted into the corresponding positioning hole on the side of the body-in-white; the positioning pin 10 and the positioning hole are fitted with a clearance, which completely restricts the translational freedom of the door in the X and Z directions, and completes the precise positioning.

[0030] S6, Initial adjustment of the door in the Y direction The horizontal sliding door suspension adjustment fixture 1b and the transfer fixture are integrated along the Y-axis slide rail 3 inside the vehicle body positioning fixture 1a. The operator visually inspects the initial surface difference between the edge of the door and the outer side panel of the white body in real time. The front and rear sliding doors are adjusted until the surface difference roughly matches the drawing range, thus completing the Y-axis basic position matching.

[0031] S7, Door X and Z axis rotation fine adjustment Based on the measured gaps and surface differences between the upper, lower, front, and rear of the car door, a gap block 7 of corresponding thickness is selected and placed at the position where the car door adapter 1c fits with the car door sheet metal. By increasing or decreasing the thickness of the gap block 7, the rotation angle of the car door around the X and Z axes is changed to eliminate the large gap deviation caused by the overall tilt of the car door and complete the coarse adjustment correction.

[0032] S8, Door Y-axis micro-rotation fine adjustment Observe the minor surface differences in the door, rotate the multiple sets of set screw devices 8 distributed on the door adapter 1c; the set screws push the door sheet metal forward, driving the door to rotate around the Y-axis at a small angle, and correct the local surface differences at the corners of the door point by point; repeatedly fine-tune each set screw until the gap between the door and the side of the vehicle body is uniform and the surface differences completely meet the assembly technical requirements, and complete the overall assembly and adjustment of the heavy door.

[0033] Example 3: Universal Replacement Implementation Method for Multi-Station Tooling This fixture is compatible with the assembly and adjustment of four doors on the left front, right front, left rear, and right rear of a vehicle. The body positioning fixture 1a, door suspension adjustment fixture 1b, and door flipping fixture 1d do not need to be replaced. Only the door adapter fixture 1c corresponding to the door specification needs to be replaced to switch workstations. 1. Replace the left front door adapter tool 1c to complete the installation and adjustment of the left front door; 2. Disassemble the left front adapter tooling, replace it with the right front door adapter tooling 1c, move the entire tooling set to the right side of the vehicle body, and complete the assembly of the right front door. 3. Similarly, replace the left and right rear special adapters, and then install and adjust the doors. The entire switching process only requires disassembling and assembling the connection point between the quick clamp 6 and the lifting ring 9, without replacing other large tooling components, which greatly reduces the investment cost of tooling for multi-door workstations.

[0034] Example 4: Tooling Alternative Solution Description The core innovative structure of this invention can be replaced by an equivalent structure to achieve the same function without departing from the scope of protection of this invention: 1. Alternative to balancer 4: An electric lifting hoist or pneumatic balancer can be used to replace gravity balancer 4, which can also achieve the same suspension and load-bearing capability at any height of the car door; 2. Alternative solution for coarse positioning quick clamp 6: The push-pull quick clamp 6 can be replaced by a side positioning stop + elbow clamp, or a side positioning block 11 + pneumatic clamp, to achieve the function of positioning before clamping. 3. Alternative solution for universal wheels 5: Universal wheels 5 can be replaced by rail-type slides and ground guide rails to achieve overall movement of the tooling; 4. Alternative solution for fine-tuning the set screw: A fine-tuning screw or miniature jack can be used to replace the set screw device 8 to achieve fine rotational adjustment of the Y-axis.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are: (1) Significantly reduce assembly labor intensity: Relying on the balancer 4 to support the 70kg heavy-duty door throughout the process, the manual lifting and multi-person collaborative lifting process is eliminated, and a single person can complete all door assembly and adjustment operations, reducing the manual load; (2) The tooling is highly versatile and adaptable to multiple workstations: The bottom of the body positioning tooling 1a, the door suspension adjustment tooling 1b, and the door flipping tooling 1d are all equipped with casters 5, which can be freely moved to the four doors of the vehicle body; only the door adapter tooling 1c needs to be replaced to adapt to different door specifications. One set of tooling covers the assembly of all four doors of the vehicle, reducing the manufacturing cost of multiple sets of tooling. (3) High assembly and adjustment accuracy and convenient adjustment: The eight-step process of “coarse positioning - precise limit - three-axis translation initial adjustment - three-axis rotation step-by-step fine adjustment” is adopted. The X / Y / Z translation and three-axis rotation adjustment are achieved by relying on positioning pins (1, 10), slide rail 3, gap block 7, and top screw device 8 in layers. No complicated mathematical calculations or three-dimensional scanning measurements are required. The adjustment steps are intuitive and the consistency of door gap and surface difference matching is significantly improved. (4) Reliable tooling positioning and locking: The innovative push-pull quick clamp 6 with coarse positioning block 11 is adopted. The coarse alignment is completed by the positioning block 11 before clamping, avoiding tooling misalignment caused by direct clamping, and the positioning accuracy is higher. (5) Improved work efficiency: It integrates the functions of door flipping, transfer, load-bearing and multi-dimensional fine adjustment, saving the time of manual flipping and repeated alignment and trial assembly, and shortening the cycle time by more than 40% compared with traditional manual assembly.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tooling for assembling and adjusting heavy-duty doors of large-sized vehicles, characterized in that: Including body positioning fixture (1a), door suspension adjustment fixture (1b), door adapter fixture (1c) and door flipping fixture (1d). The door suspension adjustment fixture (1b) is equipped with a balancer (4). The vehicle body positioning fixture (1a) and the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b) are detachably connected by a push-pull quick clamp (6) with a coarse positioning block (11). The vehicle body positioning fixture (1a) and the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b) are arranged adjacent to each other on the same plane. The door suspension adjustment fixture (1b) and the door adapter fixture (1c) are connected by a lifting ring (9); the door adapter fixture (1c) and the door flipping fixture (1d) are detachably locked by a quick clamp (6); the door adapter fixture (1c) and the door flipping fixture (1d) are arranged as a whole in the area below the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b); The bottom of the body positioning fixture (1a), the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b), and the door flipping fixture (1d) are all equipped with casters (5); the door adapter fixture (1c) is provided with a gap block (7) and a top screw device (8); the body positioning fixture (1a) is provided with a positioning pin (1) and a positioning plane (2) for limiting and positioning the body-in-white.

2. The tooling for assembling and adjusting large-size heavy-duty vehicle doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push-pull quick clamp (6) includes a push-pull quick clamp (6) body and a positioning block (11). The positioning block (11) is located on the clamping side of the clamp to realize an assembly structure of first coarse positioning and then clamping and locking.

3. The tooling for assembling and adjusting large-size heavy-duty vehicle doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The balancer (4) is integrated into the top crossbeam of the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b). The balancer (4) can drive the door adapter (1c) and the door to arbitrarily hover and position within the vertical height range.

4. The tooling for assembling and adjusting large-size heavy-duty vehicle doors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle body positioning fixture (1a) is equipped with a slide rail (3), which is used to adjust the surface difference matching position of the door along the Y direction.

5. A method for assembling and adjusting a large-size vehicle door based on the tooling described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Body positioning: The body-in-white is fixed and positioned by fitting the body positioning fixture (1a) with the positioning plane (2) and positioning pin (1). S2, Door flipping and repositioning: Connect the door adapter (1c) and the door flipping fixture (1d) with quick clamps (6), push the door flipping fixture (1d) to the side of the body positioning fixture (1a) and operate the door flipping fixture (1d) to flip the horizontally placed heavy door to the vertical assembly posture. S3, Tooling hoisting and docking: Use the balancer (4) and lifting ring (9) of the door suspension adjustment tool (1b) to connect the door transfer tool (1c), release the quick clamp (6) between the door flipping tool (1d) and the door transfer tool (1c), and release the constraint of the flipping tool. S4, X-direction coarse positioning: The body positioning fixture (1a) and the door suspension adjustment fixture (1b) are locked together by the push-pull quick clamp (6) with coarse positioning block (11) to complete the initial coarse positioning of the door in the X direction; S5, X, Z precise positioning: Insert the positioning pin (10) on the door adapter (1c) into the preset positioning hole of the body-in-white to achieve precise positioning of the door in the X and Z directions; S6, Y-axis initial adjustment: Slide the door along the slide rail (3) of the vehicle body positioning fixture (1a), observe the initial surface difference between the door and the outer side panel of the vehicle body, and complete the initial Y-axis position adjustment of the door; S7, X / Z rotation fine adjustment: Using the gap block (7) on the door adapter (1c), adjust the rotation angle of the door around the X-axis and Z-axis according to the measured surface difference data; S8, Y-axis micro-rotation fine adjustment: operate the top screw device (8) of the door adapter (1c) to drive the door to complete a small angle rotation around the Y axis, and finally match the gap and surface difference assembly requirements between the door and the side panel.

6. The method for adjusting and assembling heavy-duty doors of large-size vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the door flipping fixture (1d) uses the bottom universal wheels (5) to achieve trackless movement of the whole machine and adapt to different assembly positions around the vehicle body.

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