A multifunctional ecological filter dam and a method for constructing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional ecological filter dam and a construction method thereof. The filter dam is sequentially provided with an upstream river channel, a front-end interception area, a dam body, and a downstream artificial wetland along a water flow. The dam body comprises a water storage area, an independent phosphorus removal filter bin, a nitrogen removal filter bin, an aeration oxygenation bin, and a water outlet monitoring area. The dam body is provided with multiple sets of independent flood discharge gates, barrel-shaped modular modified filter materials, a nano aeration system, a bin bottom sludge discharge device, and a cloud intelligent online monitoring system. The construction method comprises a foundation pouring process, an interception area construction process, a dam bin pouring process, an equipment and filter material assembly process, a monitoring system layout process, an artificial wetland construction process, and a water passing and debugging process. The application integrates the functions of water storage and flood discharge, modular filtration and adsorption, aeration oxygenation, biological membrane degradation, intelligent water quality regulation, and artificial wetland deep purification. The filter material can be hoisted and replaced as a whole, and the operation and maintenance are simple. Continuous aeration can improve the water body dissolved oxygen, and greatly improve the removal effects of ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment ecological restoration technology, specifically to a multifunctional ecological filter dam and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and society, water pollution has become an increasingly prominent problem. While point source pollution has been gradually controlled, non-point source pollution has become increasingly prominent. Agricultural runoff and aquaculture wastewater carry large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients into rivers, leading to eutrophication, decreased dissolved oxygen, and even the formation of black and odorous water bodies.

[0003] Currently, river water purification technologies mainly include constructed wetlands, ecological floating beds, aeration and oxygenation, and biological fillers. In recent years, dam purification technologies such as ecological permeable dams and ecological filter dams have gradually attracted attention. For example, existing technologies disclose a combined ecological permeable dam, which uses filter media with different permeability coefficients to form the dam body, combined with ecological floating beds and aeration devices for water purification; another type of ecological filter dam for the treatment of small and medium-sized rivers consists of a dam foundation and multiple layers of filter media, using gabion mesh filled with biological filler.

[0004] However, the existing ecological dam technology still has the following shortcomings: (1) The functions are relatively simple, most of them only have filtration or adsorption functions, and it is difficult to integrate multiple functions such as water storage, filtration, aeration, biodegradation and water quality monitoring at the same time; (2) The filter media is inconvenient to replace. The filter media of the existing ecological dams are mostly fixed filling type, and it is not possible to flexibly replace different types of fillers according to changes in water quality, making maintenance difficult; (3) There is a lack of intelligent monitoring and control methods, and it is impossible to grasp changes in water quality in real time and carry out targeted treatment; (4) The treatment efficiency is limited, and the removal effect on pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus is not ideal, especially for small and medium-sized rivers with relatively small flow; (5) The dam body is prone to siltation, which affects long-term stable operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a multifunctional ecological filter dam and its construction method, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a multifunctional ecological filter dam, characterized in that: a front-end interception zone, a dam body, and a downstream artificial wetland are sequentially arranged along the river flow direction; the dam body includes a concrete foundation, two diversion gates on both sides, a water storage area, a multi-stage filtration chamber, an aeration chamber, an outlet area, an online intelligent monitoring device, a front-end flood discharge gate, and a terminal flood discharge gate; the top surface of the dam body is higher than the normal water level of the river, and a front-end flood discharge gate and a terminal flood discharge gate are respectively arranged at both ends of the dam body;

[0007] The front-end interception zone is equipped with a fine grid and a floating object interception net;

[0008] The main body of the dam is a double-sided symmetrical water intake structure, and the interior is divided into a water storage area, a filtration area, an aeration and oxygenation chamber, and an outlet area along the water flow. Each chamber is set up independently, and each chamber is equipped with a submersible sludge pump at the bottom and a maintenance manhole is opened on the top of the chamber.

[0009] The filtration zone is equipped with a phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber, which is filled with a barrel-type removable modified environmental functional packing material. The bottom of the aeration and oxygenation chamber is equipped with a nano centrifugal aerator, and the chamber is filled with a combined biological packing material. The top of the aeration and oxygenation chamber is equipped with an overflow outlet to form a reoxygenation waterfall.

[0010] The effluent area integrates an online intelligent monitoring unit and an electromagnetic flow meter. The monitoring unit monitors pH, turbidity, CODCr, DO, NH3-N, and TP in real time, and the data is synchronously uploaded to the cloud management platform.

[0011] The downstream artificial wetland area is divided into sections for the planting of emergent and submerged plants to deeply purify residual nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the effluent from the filter dam.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, the filter dam is divided into three standardized models: I, II, and III.

[0013] Type I: Processing capacity 3000m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 2m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.0m×2.0m, applicable water depth ≤1m, hydraulic residence time 2~4min;

[0014] Type II: Processing capacity 4500m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 3m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.5m×2.5m, applicable water depth ≤1.5m, hydraulic retention time 2~4min;

[0015] Type III: Processing capacity 8000-10000 m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 4-5m 3 / h, tank size 25m×3.0m×3.0m, applicable water depth ≤2m, suitable river width ≤30m, hydraulic residence time 2~5min.

[0016] As a further aspect of the present invention, the cloud management platform is connected to the automatic microbial dosing system, which can add degrading microbial agents and microbial nutrients to the filtration zone and aeration chamber.

[0017] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the sludge is connected to the sludge discharge pipe at the bottom of the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber and the aeration and oxygenation chamber, and the sludge is uniformly pumped to the sludge temporary storage tank on the shore.

[0018] A method for constructing a multifunctional ecological filter dam includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. On-site survey and foundation construction: Survey the upstream width of the river, the annual water depth, the flood level during the flood season, and the water pollution load to match the corresponding filter dam model; pour the seepage-proof concrete foundation for the river construction section.

[0020] S2. Construction of the front-end interception zone: Pour the sedimentation trough, install fine screens and floating debris interception nets in sequence, and reserve a dredging channel;

[0021] S3. Dam body main body pouring and gate installation: Pour a partitioned compartment on the concrete foundation to form a water storage area, a filtration area, an aeration and oxygenation compartment, and an outlet area; install inlet gates, front flood discharge gates, end flood discharge gates, and outlet gates at both ends of the dam body, the front end of the water storage area, and the outlet side, respectively; pour maintenance manholes on the top of the compartments.

[0022] S4. Equipment assembly inside the chamber: Submersible sludge pumps are installed at the bottom of the filtration zone and the aeration chamber, and sludge discharge pipelines are laid; a nano centrifugal aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration chamber; barrelled modified filter media is hoisted into the filtration zone, and the aeration chamber is filled with combined biological packing material.

[0023] S5. Intelligent monitoring system deployment: Water quality monitoring integrated machine and flow meter are installed in the water outlet area, and communication lines are laid to connect to the cloud control system and mobile terminal. The automatic microbial dosing pipeline is connected to the filtration area and aeration chamber.

[0024] S6. Construction of downstream artificial wetland: Excavate an artificial wetland downstream of the dam and plant emergent and submerged aquatic plants for purification in different areas;

[0025] S7. Water Supply, Commissioning, and Maintenance: Close the floodgates at the front and end of the flood season, open the intake gates to supply water, and commission the nano-centrifugal aerators, sludge pumps, and online intelligent monitoring devices; adjust the aeration time and add microbial agents based on real-time water quality data; open the floodgates at the front and end of the flood season to divert water during the flood season according to the river level; regularly hoist and replace the barrelled modified filter media, harvest wetland plants, and pump out the sediment from the bottom of the storage tank.

[0026] As a further aspect of the present invention, the oxygenation capacity of the nano-centrifugal aerator is controlled to be 1-5m. 3 / h, the hydraulic retention time of the water body is controlled between 2 and 5 minutes.

[0027] This invention provides a multifunctional ecological filter dam and its construction method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The facility in this invention has the functions of water storage and flood control, multi-stage filtration, aeration and oxygenation, biodegradation, intelligent monitoring, and deep purification of artificial wetlands, replacing multiple independent treatment equipment and greatly reducing the land occupation and construction investment of the project.

[0029] This invention uses modular barrel-type filler that can be lifted and replaced as a whole without dismantling the dam body; it is equipped with a bottom sludge discharge system to reduce the amount of manual dredging work and lower long-term operation and maintenance labor and material costs.

[0030] This invention continuously and stably increases dissolved oxygen in water bodies through nano-aeration, and enhances microbial nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In engineering examples, severely polluted and odorous water bodies can eliminate blackness and odor in 1.5 months of operation, and stably reach the Class V standard for surface water within six months.

[0031] This invention can cover small and medium-sized rivers, farmland runoff, aquaculture wastewater, and small black and odorous water bodies. It is suitable for river width ≤30m and water depth ≤2m, with a treatment capacity of 3000~10000m³ / h. Standardized models I / II / III can be selected according to the river size.

[0032] This invention enables online real-time monitoring of multiple indicators, remote viewing of water quality data via cloud and mobile devices, automatic control of aeration and microbial dosing, and significantly reduces the frequency of manual inspections.

[0033] The dam body of this invention is higher than the normal water level, with independent floodgates at both ends and a multi-level diversion overflow structure, which effectively protects the internal purification unit during the flood season. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall plan layout of the multifunctional ecological filter dam of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the main body of the dam according to the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1-Upstream of the river channel; 2-Front-end interception zone; 3-Main body of the dam; 4-Downstream artificial wetland area; 6-Water storage area; 7-Intake gate; 8-Front-end flood discharge gate during the flood season; 9-Filtration zone; 10-Phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber; 11-Aeration and oxygenation chamber; 12-Nano centrifugal aerator; 13-Outlet zone; 14-Online intelligent monitoring device; 15-End flood discharge gate during the flood season; 16-Outlet gate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] likeFigures 1-2 As shown, the following structures are arranged sequentially along the direction of river flow: upstream 1, front interception zone 2, dam body 3, and downstream artificial wetland 4. The dam body 3 is equipped with a concrete foundation, and the top of the dam is higher than the normal water level of the river. The front flood discharge gate 8 and the end flood discharge gate 15 are respectively set at both ends of the dam. The interior of the dam is divided into the following sections along the water flow: water storage zone 6, filtration zone 9, aeration and oxygenation chamber 11, and water outlet zone 13.

[0041] The front-end interception zone 2 is arranged across the cross section of the river channel. It is equipped with fine grids and floating debris interception nets, and the bottom is equipped with sedimentation tanks to intercept floating debris such as dead branches, plastics, and aquatic plants in the river channel to prevent clogging of the filter chamber inside the dam.

[0042] A water intake gate 7 is installed at the front end of the water storage area 6 to achieve water storage and regulation by raising the water level in the river and buffering the fluctuation of the incoming water flow.

[0043] The filtration zone 9 is equipped with a phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10. The phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10 is filled with barrel-type removable modified environmental functional packing material. The packing material adopts an independent barrel-type modular structure and can be lifted and replaced as a whole. The packing material of the phosphorus removal filtration chamber is mainly modified phosphorus removal material, while the packing material of the denitrification filtration chamber is high specific surface area modified denitrification biological filter material. Submersible sludge pumps are installed at the bottom of both the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chambers 10, and maintenance manholes are opened on the top of the chambers.

[0044] A nano-centrifugal aerator 12 is installed at the center of the bottom of the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11, and the chamber is filled with combined biological packing material; the nano-centrifugal aerator 12 has an oxygenation capacity of 1-5 m³ / h. 3 / h, the top of the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11 has an overflow outlet, and the overflow water forms an artificial waterfall to assist in atmospheric reoxygenation; the bottom of the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11 is also equipped with a submersible sludge pump.

[0045] The effluent zone 13 integrates an online intelligent monitoring device 14 and an electromagnetic flow meter. The online intelligent monitoring device 14 is an integrated monitoring unit that can collect real-time water quality indicators such as pH, turbidity, CODCr, DO, NH3-N, and TP, as well as real-time water volume data. The data is synchronously uploaded to the cloud management platform and mobile terminal. The cloud platform is linked to the automatic microbial dosing system, which can add highly efficient degradation bacteria and microbial nutrients to the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10 and the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11. An effluent gate 16 is set on the side of the effluent zone 13.

[0046] The front flood season floodgate 8 and the end flood season floodgate 15 are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the dam body. Under the condition of extremely high flood, the gates are opened to divert the flow and cooperate with the overflow of the dam crest to discharge the flood and avoid the flood washing away the filter material and biofilm.

[0047] Downstream artificial wetland 4 receives water from sluice gate 16, and emergent and submerged plants are planted in different areas. The plants rely on root adsorption and rhizosphere microorganisms to degrade residual nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. The wetland reserves a plant harvesting channel to harvest the plants regularly and avoid secondary endogenous pollution.

[0048] Furthermore, the filter dams are available in three standardized models: I, II, and III, to accommodate different river channel sizes and treatment capacities.

[0049] Type I: Processing capacity 3000m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 2m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.0m×2.0m, applicable water depth ≤1m, hydraulic residence time 2~4min;

[0050] Type II: Processing capacity 4500m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 3m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.5m×2.5m, applicable water depth ≤1.5m, hydraulic retention time 2~4min;

[0051] Type III: Processing capacity 8000-10000 m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 4-5m 3 / h, tank size 25m×3.0m×3.0m, applicable water depth ≤2m, suitable river width ≤30m, hydraulic residence time 2~5min.

[0052] The filtration zone 9 and the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11 have a unified external sludge discharge pump connected to the bottom sludge discharge pipeline. The sludge deposited at the bottom of the chamber is pumped to the sludge temporary storage pond on the shore and transported off-site for disposal on a regular basis to prevent the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the bottom sludge and causing secondary pollution.

[0053] A method for constructing a multifunctional ecological filter dam includes the following construction steps:

[0054] S1. Site survey and concrete foundation construction:

[0055] Survey the width of the upstream river, the average annual water depth, the highest flood level during the flood season, and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load in the water body. Match the I / II / III standardized filter dam according to the river conditions. Clean the silt in the construction section of the river and pour the seepage-proof concrete foundation as a whole. The foundation bearing capacity meets the full load requirements of the dam body, filling material, and equipment.

[0056] S2, Front-end Interception Zone 2 Construction:

[0057] A sedimentation trough was poured along the cross section of the river channel, and fine grids and floating debris interception nets were hoisted and installed in sequence, with dredging operation channels reserved on both sides.

[0058] S3. Construction of the main dam body in three sections and assembly of gates:

[0059] A partitioned silo structure is integrally cast on a concrete foundation, forming the water storage area 6, phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration silo 10, aeration and oxygenation silo 11, and water outlet area 13 in sequence; a maintenance manhole is cast on the top of the silo; an inlet gate 7 is installed at the front end of the water storage area 6, and a flood discharge gate 8 and a flood discharge gate 15 are installed at both ends of the dam body respectively; a water outlet gate 16 is installed on the side of the water outlet area 13.

[0060] S4. Assembly of equipment and packing inside the silo:

[0061] Submersible sludge pumps are installed at the bottom of the filtration zone 9 and the aeration chamber 11, and a unified sludge discharge pipeline is laid. A nano centrifugal aerator 12 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the aeration chamber 11. A detachable modified environmental functional packing is hoisted into the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10, and the aeration chamber 11 is filled with a combination biological packing.

[0062] S5. Deployment of Intelligent Monitoring and Microbial Dosing System:

[0063] The effluent zone 13 is equipped with an online intelligent monitoring device 14 and an electromagnetic flow meter, and a communication line is laid to connect the cloud management platform and the mobile terminal; it is equipped with an automatic microbial dosing pipeline, and the pipeline branches are respectively connected to the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10 and the aeration and oxygenation chamber 11.

[0064] S6, Downstream Artificial Wetland Area 4 Construction:

[0065] Downstream of the dam, a diversion ditch was excavated to construct four zones of artificial wetlands. The substrate was laid in layers, and emergent plants such as reeds and calamus, as well as submerged purification plants such as Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii, were planted in the zones.

[0066] S7. Water commissioning and routine operation and maintenance:

[0067] Close the front-end floodgate 8 and the end-end floodgate 15, and open the inlet gate 7 for water supply and trial operation; debug the operating parameters of the nano-centrifugal aerator 12, submersible sludge pump, and online intelligent monitoring device 14; the cloud platform automatically adjusts the aeration time and adds microbial agents quantitatively based on real-time water quality data; when the floodwater level exceeds the standard, manually or automatically open the front-end floodgate 8 and the end-end floodgate 15 to divert and discharge floodwater; for daily operation and maintenance, regularly hoist and replace the barrelled detachable modified environmental functional filler, harvest the aquatic plants in the downstream artificial wetland 4, and start the sludge pump to pump out the sediment at the bottom of the silo.

[0068] The working principle is as follows:

[0069] Water storage is achieved by raising the river level through the dam body, stabilizing the hydraulic residence time of the water body; the intake gate 7 regulates the water flow, and the flood discharge gate 8 at the front end and the flood discharge gate 15 at the end of the flood season, together with the overflow at the top of the dam, form multiple flood discharge channels, protecting the internal filling material and biofilm from being washed away and damaged by floods during the flood season.

[0070] The incoming water flows sequentially through the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber 10. The barrelled modified packing material adsorbs and intercepts suspended solids in the water, specifically adsorbing and fixing total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen pollutants. The packing material is modularly hoisted and can be flexibly replaced according to the characteristics of water pollution without the need to dismantle the dam.

[0071] The nano-centrifugal aerator 12 continuously increases dissolved oxygen in the water, solving the problem of oxygen deficiency limiting denitrification in natural rivers; the combined biological packing material has a large specific surface area and fast biofilm formation, forming a stable aerobic biofilm on the surface of the packing material, where microorganisms oxidize and decompose ammonia nitrogen and organic COD into harmless inorganic substances such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water; the top overflow waterfall simultaneously achieves atmospheric reoxygenation, further increasing the DO concentration.

[0072] The online intelligent monitoring device 14 uploads water quality and quantity data to the cloud platform in real time. The system automatically judges the degree of water pollution, dynamically adjusts the running time of the aerator, automatically adds microbial agents, and predicts the adsorption saturation cycle of the packing material, thus realizing unattended intelligent management and control.

[0073] Submersible pumps at the bottom of each filter chamber regularly pump out deposited sludge to prevent the long-term anaerobic decomposition of bottom sludge from releasing nitrogen and phosphorus, thus preventing secondary pollution of the water body.

[0074] The effluent from the filter dam flows by gravity into the downstream artificial wetland area 4. The aquatic plant roots adsorb the effluent, and the rhizosphere microorganisms work together to further remove residual total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, stabilize the effluent water quality, and at the same time form a river ecological landscape.

[0075] Experimental Example 1

[0076] The river to be treated is a tributary of the northern urban area, with a total length of 7.67 km and a width of 13-15 m. Before treatment, the water depth in the downstream section of the river was only 20 cm. Before treatment, the water transparency was <10 cm, dissolved oxygen (DO) was <1 mg / L, the oxidation-reduction potential was negative, total phosphorus (TP) was ≈0.4 mg / L, and CODcr was >40 mg / L. According to the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Black and Odorous Water Bodies in Cities", it was judged to be a severely black and odorous water body, and the water quality was classified as Class V or worse surface water.

[0077] A C-type multifunctional ecological filter dam with a treatment capacity of 8000m³ was selected. 3 / h, applicable water depth ≤2m.

[0078] Construction process:

[0079] 1. Dredge the river channel and pour an integral impermeable concrete foundation;

[0080] 2. Construction of the sedimentation tank in the front-end interception zone 2, including the installation of fine screens and floating interception nets;

[0081] 3. The main body of the dam is poured in three sections, and the intake gate 7, the front flood discharge gate 8, the end flood discharge gate 15, and the outlet gate 16 are installed.

[0082] 4. Each compartment is equipped with a submersible sludge pump, and the aeration and oxygenation compartment 11 is equipped with a nano centrifugal aerator 12; modified packing material in buckets and combined biological packing material are hoisted and filled.

[0083] 5. An online intelligent monitoring device 14 and a flow meter are installed in the effluent area 13, connected to the cloud-based microbial dosing system;

[0084] 6. Excavate four artificial wetlands downstream and plant aquatic plants such as reeds and Vallisneria natans in designated areas;

[0085] 7. Conduct water testing and optimize aeration and microbial agent dosing parameters.

[0086] Operational and governance results:

[0087] 1. By the end of June 2022: the water transparency of the entire river section increased to 25cm, the DO concentration at the cross section was ≥2mg / L, the oxidation-reduction potential was >50mV, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased significantly;

[0088] 2. Mid-to-late August 2022: No blackening or foul odor was observed in any of the monitoring sections of the river, successfully eliminating severe blackening and foul odor.

[0089] 3. Long-term stable operation since April 2023: DO in water body is consistently >2mg / L, CODCr is consistently below 40mg / L, ammonia nitrogen is <2mg / L, total phosphorus TP is <0.4mg / L, and the water quality of the entire river section consistently meets the Class V standard of the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002).

[0090] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional ecological filter dam, characterized in that: Along the direction of river flow, a front-end interception zone (2), a dam body (3), and a downstream artificial wetland area (4) are set up in sequence; the dam body (3) includes a concrete foundation, two diversion gates on both sides, a water storage area (6), a multi-stage filtration chamber, an aeration chamber (11), an outlet area (13), an online intelligent monitoring device (14), a front-end flood discharge gate (8), and a terminal flood discharge gate (15); the top surface of the dam body is higher than the normal water level of the river, and a front-end flood discharge gate (8) and a terminal flood discharge gate (15) are set up at both ends of the dam body respectively; The front-end interception zone (2) is equipped with a fine grid and a floating object interception net; The main body of the dam (3) is a double-sided symmetrical water intake structure. The interior is divided into a water storage area (6), a filtration area (9), an aeration and oxygenation chamber (11), and an outlet area (13) along the water flow. Each chamber is set up independently, and each chamber is equipped with a submersible sludge pump at the bottom and a maintenance manhole is opened on the top of the chamber. The filtration zone (9) is equipped with a phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber (10), and the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber (10) is equipped with a barrel-type detachable modified environmental functional filler; the bottom of the aeration and oxygenation chamber (11) is equipped with a nano centrifugal aerator (12), the chamber is filled with combined biological filler, and the top of the aeration and oxygenation chamber (11) is equipped with an overflow outlet to form a reoxygenation waterfall. The water outlet area (13) integrates an online intelligent monitoring unit (14) and an electromagnetic flow meter. The monitoring unit (14) monitors pH, turbidity, CODCr, DO, NH3-N and TP in real time, and the data is uploaded to the cloud management platform synchronously. The downstream artificial wetland area (4) is divided into sections for emergent and submerged plants to deeply purify residual nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the effluent from the filter dam.

2. The multifunctional ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter dam is divided into three standardized models: I, II, and C. Type I: Processing capacity 3000m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 2m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.0m×2.0m, applicable water depth ≤1m, hydraulic residence time 2~4min; Type II: Processing capacity 4500m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 3m 3 / h, tank size 25m×2.5m×2.5m, applicable water depth ≤1.5m, hydraulic retention time 2~4min; Type III: Processing capacity 8000-10000 m³ 3 / h, oxygenation capacity 4-5m 3 / h, tank size 25m×3.0m×3.0m, applicable water depth ≤2m, suitable river width ≤30m, hydraulic residence time 2~5min.

3. The multifunctional ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloud management platform connects to the automatic microbial dosing system, which can add degrading microbial agents and microbial nutrients to the filtration zone (9) and aeration chamber (11).

4. The multifunctional ecological filter dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sludge is connected to the sludge discharge pipe at the bottom of the phosphorus removal and denitrification filtration chamber (10) and the aeration and oxygenation chamber (11), and the sludge is uniformly pumped to the sludge temporary storage tank on the shore.

5. A method for constructing a multifunctional ecological filter dam, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. On-site survey and foundation construction: Survey the width of the upstream (1) river channel, the annual water depth, the flood level during the flood season, and the water pollution load, and match the corresponding filter dam model; pour the anti-seepage concrete foundation for the river channel construction section; S2, Front-end interception zone (2) construction: pour sedimentation trough, install fine grid and floating object interception net in sequence, and reserve dredging channel; S3. Dam body (3) pouring and gate installation: pour a partitioned compartment on the concrete foundation to form the water storage area (6), filtration area (9), aeration and oxygenation compartment (11), and outlet area (13); install the inlet gate (7), the front flood discharge gate (8), the end flood discharge gate (15), and the outlet gate (16) at both ends of the dam body, the front end of the water storage area, and the outlet side respectively; pour the maintenance manhole on the top of the compartment; S4. Equipment assembly in the chamber: Submersible sludge pumps are installed at the bottom of the filtration zone (9) and the aeration chamber (11) respectively, and sludge discharge pipelines are laid; a nano centrifugal aerator (12) is installed at the bottom of the aeration chamber (11); barrel-type modified filter media is hoisted into the filtration zone (9), and the aeration chamber (11) is filled with combined biological packing. S5. Intelligent monitoring system deployment: Install water quality monitoring integrated machine (14) and flow meter in the effluent area (13), lay communication lines to connect to the cloud control system and mobile terminal, and connect the automatic microbial dosing pipeline to the filtration area (9) and aeration chamber (11). S6. Construction of downstream artificial wetland area (4): Excavate a diversion artificial wetland area (4) downstream of the dam body and plant emergent and submerged aquatic plants for purification in different areas; S7. Water supply commissioning and maintenance: Close the front flood season floodgate (8) and the end flood season floodgate (15), open the inlet gate (7) to supply water, and commission the nano centrifugal aerator (12), sludge pump, and online intelligent monitoring device (14); adjust the aeration time and add microbial agents according to real-time water quality data; open the front flood season floodgate (8) and the end flood season floodgate (15) to divert water according to the river water level during the flood season; regularly hoist and replace the barrelled modified filter material, harvest wetland plants, and pump out the sediment at the bottom of the silo.

6. The method for constructing a multifunctional ecological filter dam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The oxygenation capacity of the nano-centrifugal aerator (12) is controlled to be 1-5 m. 3 / h, the hydraulic retention time of the water body is controlled between 2 and 5 minutes.

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