Method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using livestock and poultry manure and straw and product thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using livestock and poultry manure and straw and a product thereof, and relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer manufacturing, and comprises the following steps: S1, preparing livestock and poultry manure, straw, cake meal and furfural residue as organic raw materials, and preparing nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and fermentation strains; the method for producing bio-organic fertilizer by using livestock and poultry manure and straw and the product thereof, by strictly controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material between 17 and 33, controlling the pH value between 5.7 and 7.0, and controlling the water content at 60%±5%, the mixed material reaches the best conditions for microbial activity, ammonia odor and nitrogen loss caused by the carbon-nitrogen ratio lower than 10 are avoided, nitrogen release difficulty and fermentation cycle prolonging caused by the carbon-nitrogen ratio higher than 33 are avoided, meanwhile, microbial activity is inhibited or air circulation is hindered to produce foul odor when the water content is lower than 40% or is too high, so that the stable and efficient fermentation process is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer manufacturing technology, specifically to a method and product for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development of animal husbandry and crop cultivation in my country, the annual production of livestock and poultry manure and crop straw has exceeded 3.8 billion tons and 900 million tons respectively. How to efficiently utilize these two types of agricultural waste has become an important issue in the field of ecological agriculture. Bio-organic fertilizer, due to its multiple functions such as improving soil structure, providing complete nutrients to crops, and inhibiting soil-borne diseases, is considered an important direction for replacing chemical fertilizers. Currently, aerobic composting fermentation is the mainstream process for producing bio-organic fertilizer. Its core lies in the mineralization and maturation of macromolecules in organic materials through microbial metabolic activities, supplemented by nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient element blending and post-processing steps such as granulation and drying to obtain commercially available granular products. This technical route has been widely used both domestically and internationally.

[0003] However, in existing aerobic composting processes, the stability and production efficiency of the fermentation process largely depend on whether the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is within the optimal range for microbial activity. When using livestock and poultry manure and straw as composite raw materials, the significant difference in their carbon-nitrogen ratios (typically 5-15 for livestock and poultry manure and 40-80 for straw) easily leads to deviations from the optimal range after mixing. Specifically, when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is below 10, microorganisms rapidly decompose organic nitrogen, producing large amounts of ammonia. This not only causes severe nitrogen loss and reduced nutrient content in the material but also generates a strong ammonia odor, deteriorating the workshop working environment. When the carbon-nitrogen ratio is above 33, microbial proliferation is limited due to insufficient nitrogen source, the rate of organic matter degradation decreases significantly, and the fermentation cycle is forced to be greatly extended, making it difficult to achieve continuous production with a fixed cycle. Therefore, improvements are needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and product for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw, in order to solve the problems in the prior art where the carbon-nitrogen ratio of livestock and poultry manure and straw is significantly different, making it difficult to accurately control the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture within the optimal activity range of microorganisms, thus causing ammonia odor, nitrogen loss, prolonged fermentation cycle and insufficient material decomposition.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Prepare livestock and poultry manure, straw, corn cobs, wood ash, pig and sheep bones, oilseed cake, and furfural residue as organic raw materials, and prepare nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and fermentation bacteria.

[0007] S2. Mix livestock and poultry manure, crushed straw, corn cobs and pig and sheep bones in a mixer, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, pH value and moisture content of the mixture.

[0008] S3. The mixture obtained in step S2 is fed into a fermentation tank, the fermentation inoculum is added, and aerobic fermentation is carried out by a turning machine to obtain fermented material.

[0009] S4. After crushing the fermented material obtained in step S3, mix it with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and then feed it into the granulation system and drying system in sequence to obtain organic fertilizer granules.

[0010] S5. The organic fertilizer granules obtained in step S4 are screened, and qualified granules are packaged to obtain the finished bio-organic fertilizer product.

[0011] Further, in step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to between 17 and 33, the pH value is adjusted to between 5.7 and 7.0, and the water content is adjusted to 60% ± 5%.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is controlled at 60-70°C, the fermentation cycle is 15 days, and the material is turned over 1-2 times a day by a turning machine.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S3, the fermentation strain contains a microbial deodorizing agent, and a high-pressure atomizing spray system is installed in the fermentation workshop to spray the microbial air freshener for deodorization.

[0014] Furthermore, the total number of live bacteria in the microbial air freshener is 2 billion / ml.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S4, the drying system is a low-temperature dryer that dries the organic fertilizer particles with hot air.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, the granulation system is a disc granulator with a granulation rate of over 93%.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, the unqualified particles screened out are returned to the crushing process for regranulation.

[0018] Furthermore, the livestock and poultry manure is transported in sealed tank trucks and enters the mixing and batching process directly inside the workshop after entering the site; no open storage area is set up within the plant area. The straw and furfural residue are crushed and then enter the mixing and batching process.

[0019] A product that utilizes livestock and poultry manure and straw to produce bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by a method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention provides a method and product for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw. By strictly controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture between 17 and 33, the pH value between 5.7 and 7.0, and the moisture content between 60% and 5%, the mixture reaches the optimal conditions for microbial activity. This avoids the ammoniacal odor and nitrogen loss caused when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is below 10, and the difficulty in nitrogen release and prolonged fermentation cycle caused when it is above 33. At the same time, it avoids the inhibition of microbial activity when the moisture content is below 40% or the obstruction of air circulation and the generation of foul odor when it is too high, thereby achieving a stable and efficient fermentation process.

[0021] By controlling the temperature at 60-70℃ during fermentation and increasing the number of turnings to cool it down when the temperature exceeds 70℃, while setting the fermentation cycle to 15 days and turning it 1-2 times a day, the problems of microbial inactivation and organic carbonization when the temperature exceeds 80℃ are avoided. At the same time, the material is ensured to move gradually in the direction of discharge and the feed end is left empty to receive new material, thus realizing semi-continuous production with full material decomposition and a fixed fermentation cycle.

[0022] By mixing a microbial air freshener with a total live bacteria count of 2 billion / ml into the fermentation strains and setting up a high-pressure atomizing spray system in the fermentation workshop to spray the freshener regularly, the deodorizing bacteria can work simultaneously inside the materials and in the workshop air, instantly converting odor molecules containing benzene rings into aromatic compounds. At the same time, aerobic conditions are ensured through turning and aeration to prevent the generation of anaerobic odors, thus achieving a dual deodorization effect that combines source suppression and spatial elimination of odors during the fermentation process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 The preparation process flowchart is provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] As attached Figure 1 As shown:

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] This invention provides a method and product for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Raw Material Preparation: Prepare livestock and poultry manure, corn stalks, corn cobs, pig and sheep bones, wood ash, oilseed cake, and furfural residue as organic raw materials. Livestock and poultry manure will be transported to the factory area in sealed tank trucks, with the tanks kept sealed during transport. After entering the factory area, the vehicles will drive directly into the production workshop and unload at the mixing and batching station. There will be no open storage area for livestock and poultry manure within the factory area. Corn stalks and furfural residue will be transported by dump trucks and delivered directly to the crushing workshop upon arrival. The oilseed cake will be soybean oilseed cake, transported in woven bags, and stored in the raw material warehouse.

[0030] Also prepare nitrogen fertilizer (urea, containing N≥46%), phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, containing P2O5≥12%), potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, containing K2O≥50%), and fermentation inoculum (purchased from the market as a special high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent, powder, with a live count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g, containing microbial deodorizing bacteria.

[0031] S2. Mixing and Batching: Feed corn stalks, corn cobs, and pig / sheep bones into a hammer mill (6mm screen aperture) and crush them into straw powder with a length ≤6mm; furfural residue can be used directly without further crushing. Weigh the raw materials as follows: 19050kg of livestock and poultry manure, 6600kg of straw powder, oilseed cake, and furfural residue (total of the three), and 1500kg of fermentation water.

[0032] Add the above raw materials to a horizontal disc mixer (model: WJ-3000, volume: 10m³, spindle speed: 12r / min). First, start the mixer and add livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and other powders, oilseed cake, and furfural residue in sequence. Then add water and continue mixing for 5 minutes. During the mixing process, monitor the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, pH value, and moisture content of the mixture and adjust them as follows:

[0033] Carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment: Real-time detection was performed using a rapid carbon-nitrogen analyzer. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was 28. This was adjusted to 25 by increasing the proportion of straw powder (the carbon-nitrogen ratio increased by approximately 2 for every 100 kg of straw powder added) or increasing the proportion of manure (the carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased by approximately 1.5 for every 100 kg of manure added). In this embodiment, the final carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was 25.2, which is considered acceptable within the range of 17–33.

[0034] pH adjustment: Use a pH meter for testing. The initial pH is 6.0 and no adjustment is needed. If the pH is below 5.7, add agricultural lime (calcium carbonate powder, 0.5 kg / ton of material); if the pH is above 7.0, add edible acetic acid (5% concentration, 0.3 L / ton of material). The final pH in this example is 6.2, within the range of 5.7 to 7.0.

[0035] Moisture content adjustment: A rapid moisture meter was used for measurement. The initial moisture content was 65%, higher than the target value of 60%. This was adjusted by adding straw powder (the moisture content decreased by approximately 1.5 percentage points for every 100 kg of straw powder added). In this example, the final moisture content was 59.5%, within the range of 60% ± 5% (i.e., 55% to 65%).

[0036] After adjustment, continue stirring for 3 minutes to ensure the mixture is homogeneous.

[0037] S3. Aerobic Fermentation: The mixture obtained in step S2 is fed into the fermentation tank using a loader (model: ZL30, bucket capacity 1.7m³). The fermentation tank is a reinforced concrete structure, 50m long, 5m wide, and 1.5m deep. An impermeable layer is laid at the bottom of the tank, and aeration pipes are installed (aeration rate 0.2m³ air / min·m³ material). Fermentation bacteria are evenly spread onto the surface of the material in the fermentation tank, with a dosage of 3345kg (approximately 10.4% of the total mass of the mixture). Microbial air freshener (liquid, total viable bacteria count 2 billion / ml) has been mixed into the fermentation bacteria at a ratio of 5L of air freshener per 100kg of bacteria.

[0038] Start the track-mounted material turning and turning machine (model: FP-5000, turning width 5m, turning depth 1.5m, traveling speed 2m / min). The turning and turning machine runs along the track of the fermentation tank, turning, stirring and aerating the material. During fermentation, the material is turned twice a day (once at 9:00 AM and once at 3:00 PM). After each turning, the material moves about 4m towards the discharge port, leaving about 4m of space at the feed end of the fermentation tank to receive the next day's new material.

[0039] Temperature control: Five temperature sensors (0.8m deep) are equidistantly placed inside the fermentation tank to monitor the material temperature in real time. In the initial stage (days 1-2), the material temperature rises from ambient temperature to 55℃; from days 3 to 14, the material temperature is maintained between 60℃ and 70℃. When the temperature at any measuring point exceeds 70℃, an additional turning is performed (i.e., turning three times that day) to lower the temperature. In this embodiment, the material temperature reached 71℃ and 72℃ on days 5 and 9 respectively; after an additional turning was performed on each day, the temperature dropped back below 65℃.

[0040] The fermentation cycle is 15 days. At the end of the 15th day, all the material at the original feed end has been moved to the discharge end. At this time, a loader is used to remove the fermented material from the discharge end to obtain the fermented material.

[0041] Odor control measures: The fermentation workshop is a fully enclosed steel structure with exhaust ducts installed at the top. A high-pressure atomizing spray system (nozzle model: FST-80, working pressure: 4MPa, spray particle size: 50μm) is installed at the exhaust outlet. The spray system is connected to a microbial air freshener storage tank. The air freshener in the tank has a total viable bacteria count of 2 billion / ml and is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:100 before use. The spray system automatically sprays once every 2 hours, each time lasting 30 seconds, covering the entire fermentation workshop. In addition, lawns and shrubs (holly, privet) are planted on both sides of the fermentation tank as green isolation belts.

[0042] S4. Drying and Granulation: The fermented material obtained in step S3 (moisture content approximately 45%) is fed into a pulverizer (model: FS-600, hammer mill, speed 2800 r / min) via conveyor belt and pulverized to a particle size ≤2 mm. The pulverized material enters a vertical mixing system (volume 8 m³, mixing speed 20 r / min), and 900 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 450 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 300 kg of potassium fertilizer are added simultaneously. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes until the color is uniform.

[0043] The mixed material is fed into a disc granulator (model: YP-3600, disc diameter 3.6m, inclination angle 45°, rotation speed 18r / min) via a screw conveyor. During operation, the material inside the disc rolls into balls under the action of centrifugal force and friction, and the actual granulation rate is 94.2% (over 93%).

[0044] The granulated wet granules (moisture content approximately 38%) fall directly into a low-temperature dryer (model: DW-200, belt dryer, drying section length 12m, conveyor belt speed 0.2m / min). A hot air furnace (model: RFL-60, coal-fired hot air furnace, equipped with a flue gas purifier) ​​supplies hot air to the dryer, with the inlet air temperature controlled at 85℃ and the outlet air temperature at 45℃. The material is evenly distributed on the conveyor belt, with a thickness of approximately 5cm. After passing through the drying section, the moisture content of the discharged material is measured to be 18.5% (lower than the specified 20%).

[0045] S5. Screening and Packaging: The dried organic fertilizer granules are conveyed by an elevator to a drum screen (model: GS-150, screen mesh sizes of 3.5mm and 5.5mm, drum inclination angle of 5°, rotation speed of 22r / min). The screening process is divided into two stages: the first stage undersize material (particle size <3.5mm) and the second stage oversize material (particle size >5.5mm) are both considered unqualified granules and are returned to the crusher inlet of step S4 through the discharge port for re-crushing before entering the granulation system; the second stage undersize material (particle size 3.5~5.5mm) are qualified granules and fall into the automatic packaging system through a chute.

[0046] The automatic packaging system (model: DCS-50, quantitative packaging scale, weighing range 25~50kg, accuracy ±0.2%) packages qualified granules into 50kg bags. The packaging bags are woven bags lined with plastic film, and the openings are sealed using a heat sealer. The packaged finished products are stacked and stored in the warehouse to obtain the finished bio-organic fertilizer.

[0047] Example 2:

[0048] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that it includes the following steps:

[0049] S1. Raw material preparation: The raw material preparation method in this embodiment is exactly the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0050] Animal manure, corn stalks, corn cobs, wood ash, pig and sheep bones, oilseed cake, and furfural residue are prepared as organic raw materials. Animal manure is transported to the plant area in sealed tank trucks; no open storage areas are provided, and it is directly unloaded at the mixing and batching station inside the workshop. Corn stalks and furfural residue are transported by dump trucks and sent to the crushing workshop after arrival. The oilseed cake is soybean oilseed cake, stored in the raw material warehouse.

[0051] Also prepare nitrogen fertilizer (urea, containing N≥46%), phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, containing P2O5≥12%), potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, containing K2O≥50%), and fermentation inoculum (high-temperature aerobic fermentation special inoculum, powder, viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g, containing microbial deodorizing bacteria.

[0052] S2. Mixing and Batching: Feed corn stalks, corn cobs, and pig / sheep bones into a hammer mill (6mm screen aperture) and crush them into straw powder with a length ≤6mm. Weigh the raw materials as follows: 19050kg of livestock and poultry manure, 6600kg of straw powder, oilseed cake, and furfural residue (total of the three), and 1500kg of fermentation water.

[0053] Add the above raw materials to a horizontal disc mixer (model: WJ-3000, volume: 10m³, spindle speed: 12r / min). Start the mixer and add livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and other powders, oilseed cake, and furfural residue in sequence, then add water and mix for 5 minutes. During the mixing process, monitor the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, pH value, and moisture content of the mixture, and adjust them to the lower limit values ​​using the following methods:

[0054] Carbon-nitrogen ratio adjustment: A rapid carbon-nitrogen analyzer was used for detection. The initial carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was 28, with a target value of 17 (lower limit). The carbon-nitrogen ratio was lowered by reducing the proportion of straw powder and correspondingly increasing the proportion of livestock and poultry manure. Specific operation: While maintaining the total mass, the amount of straw powder was reduced by 200 kg, while the amount of livestock and poultry manure was increased by 200 kg. For every 100 kg reduction in straw powder, the carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased by approximately 2; for every 100 kg increase in livestock and poultry manure, the carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased by approximately 1.5. Calculations and actual measurements showed that the adjusted carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture was 17.2, within the range of 17–33 and close to the lower limit. The final carbon-nitrogen ratio was determined to be 17.2.

[0055] pH Adjustment: A pH meter was used for measurement. The initial pH of the mixture was 6.0, with a target value of 5.7 (lower limit). Adjustment was achieved by adding 5% edible acetic acid. Each 0.3L of acetic acid added lowered the pH of 1 ton of mixture by approximately 0.1. The total mass of this batch of mixture was approximately 27.15 tons. After adding 4L of acetic acid, the pH value dropped to 5.7. Upon retesting, the final pH was 5.7.

[0056] Moisture content adjustment: A rapid moisture meter was used for measurement. The initial moisture content of the mixture was 65%, with a target value of 55% (lower limit). The moisture content was reduced by increasing the amount of straw powder. For every 100 kg of straw powder added, the moisture content decreased by approximately 1.5 percentage points. A reduction of 10 percentage points was required, so approximately 670 kg of straw powder was added. After addition, the total mass of the mixture increased by 670 kg, but the moisture content decreased to 55.0%. The final moisture content was measured to be 55.0%, within the lower limit of the 60% ± 5% range.

[0057] After adjustment, continue stirring for 3 minutes to ensure the mixture is homogeneous.

[0058] S3. Aerobic Fermentation: The mixture obtained in step S2 (total mass approximately 27820 kg) is fed into the fermentation tank using a loader (model: ZL30, bucket capacity 1.7 m³). The fermentation tank has the same dimensions and structure as in Example 1: 50 m long, 5 m wide, and 1.5 m deep, with an aeration pipe at the bottom (aeration rate of 0.2 m³ air / min·m³ material). Fermentation inoculum is evenly spread onto the surface of the material in the fermentation tank, with an inoculum quantity of 3345 kg (approximately 12.0% of the total mass of the mixture). Microbial air freshener (liquid, total viable bacteria count 2 billion / ml) has been mixed into this fermentation inoculum at a ratio of 5 L of air freshener per 100 kg of inoculum.

[0059] Start the track-mounted material transfer and turning machine (model: FP-5000, turning width 5m, turning depth 1.5m, traveling speed 2m / min). Turn the material twice a day during fermentation (once at 9:00 AM and once at 3:00 PM). After each turning, the material moves about 4m towards the discharge port.

[0060] Temperature control: Five temperature sensors (0.8m deep) are equidistantly placed inside the fermentation tank. In the initial stage (days 1-2), the material temperature rises from ambient temperature to 55℃; from days 3 to 14, the material temperature is maintained between 60℃ and 70℃. When the temperature at any measuring point exceeds 70℃, an additional turning is performed to lower the temperature. In this embodiment, the material temperature reaches 71℃, 72℃, and 70.5℃ on days 4, 7, and 11, respectively. After an additional turning is performed at each day, the temperature drops below 65℃.

[0061] The fermentation cycle is 15 days. At the end of the 15th day, the material is moved to the discharge port and removed by a loader to obtain the fermented material.

[0062] Odor control measures: Same as in Example 1. The fermentation workshop is fully enclosed, with a high-pressure atomizing spray system (nozzle model: FST-80, working pressure 4MPa) installed at the top exhaust duct. A microbial air freshener (total viable bacteria count 2 billion / ml) is diluted 1:100 and automatically sprayed every 2 hours for 30 seconds each time. Holly and privet are planted on both sides of the fermentation tank as green isolation belts.

[0063] S4. Drying and Granulation: The fermented material obtained in step S3 (moisture content approximately 42%) is fed into a pulverizer (model: FS-600, hammer mill, speed 2800 r / min) via conveyor belt and pulverized to a particle size ≤2 mm. The pulverized material then enters a vertical mixing system (volume 8 m³, mixing speed 20 r / min), and simultaneously 900 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 450 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 300 kg of potassium fertilizer are added and mixed for 10 minutes.

[0064] The mixed material is fed into a disc granulator (model: YP-3600, disc diameter 3.6m, inclination angle 45°, rotation speed 18r / min) via a screw conveyor. During granulation, the measured granulation rate is 93.5% (over 93%).

[0065] The granulated wet granules (moisture content approximately 36%) fall directly into a low-temperature dryer (model: DW-200, belt dryer, drying section length 12m, conveyor belt speed 0.2m / min). A hot air furnace (model: RFL-60, coal-fired hot air furnace) provides hot air, with an inlet temperature of 85℃ and an outlet temperature of 45℃. The material is distributed on the conveyor belt to a thickness of approximately 5cm. After passing through the drying section, the moisture content of the discharged material is measured to be 19.2% (lower than the specified 20%).

[0066] S5. Screening and Packaging: The dried organic fertilizer granules are conveyed by an elevator to a drum screen (model: GS-150, screen mesh sizes of 3.5mm and 5.5mm, drum inclination angle of 5°, rotation speed of 22r / min). After screening, unqualified granules with a particle size <3.5mm and >5.5mm are returned to the crusher inlet of step S4 and re-enter the granulation system; qualified granules with a particle size of 3.5-5.5mm fall into the automatic packaging system via a chute.

[0067] The automated packaging system (model: DCS-50, quantitative packaging scale) packages qualified granules into 50kg bags. The bags are woven bags lined with plastic film and sealed with a heat sealer. The packaged finished products are stacked and stored in the warehouse to obtain the finished bio-organic fertilizer.

[0068] Example 3:

[0069] This embodiment is basically the same as the previous embodiment, except that it includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Raw material preparation: The raw material preparation method in this embodiment is exactly the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0071] Animal manure, corn stalks, corn cobs, wood ash, pig and sheep bones, oilseed cake, and furfural residue are prepared as organic raw materials. Animal manure is transported to the plant area in sealed tank trucks; no open storage areas are provided, and it is directly unloaded at the mixing and batching station inside the workshop. Corn stalks and furfural residue are transported by dump trucks and sent to the crushing workshop after arrival. The oilseed cake is soybean oilseed cake, stored in the raw material warehouse.

[0072] Also prepare nitrogen fertilizer (urea, containing N≥46%), phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, containing P2O5≥12%), potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate, containing K2O≥50%), and fermentation inoculum (high-temperature aerobic fermentation special inoculum, powder, viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶). 8 CFU / g).

[0073] In addition, this embodiment provides a separately cultured microbial deodorizing agent. The preparation method of this deodorizing agent is as follows: Strains with highly efficient deodorizing activity are isolated from pure cultures of *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, and *Aspergillus oryzae*. These three strains are then mixed and cultured in a liquid culture medium (composition: 10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, 10 g / L NaCl, pH 7.0) at 35°C and 150 rpm for 48 hours with shaking. The fermentation broth is collected, and the total viable cell count is adjusted to 2 billion / ml to obtain the microbial deodorizing agent.

[0074] S2. Mixing and Batching: The mixing and batching method in this embodiment is basically the same as in Embodiment 1. Weigh the raw materials according to the following mass: 19050 kg of livestock and poultry manure, 6600 kg of straw powder and other powders, oilseed cake and furfural residue (total of the three), and 1500 kg of fermentation water.

[0075] Add the above raw materials to a horizontal disc mixer (model: WJ-3000, volume: 10m³, spindle speed: 12r / min). Start the mixer and add livestock and poultry manure, straw powder and other powders, oilseed cake, and furfural residue in sequence, then add water and mix for 5 minutes. During the mixing process, monitor the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, pH value, and moisture content of the mixture and adjust them to the optimal values: carbon-to-nitrogen ratio 25, pH value 6.5, and moisture content 60%. The adjustment method is the same as in Example 1 and will not be repeated.

[0076] After adjustment, continue stirring for 3 minutes to ensure the mixture is homogeneous.

[0077] S3. Aerobic fermentation: The mixture obtained in step S2 is fed into the fermentation tank using a loader (model: ZL30, bucket capacity 1.7m³). The fermentation tank has the same dimensions and structure as in Example 1: 50m long, 5m wide, and 1.5m deep, with an aeration pipe at the bottom (aeration rate of 0.2m³ air / min·m³ material).

[0078] First, the separately cultured microbial deodorizing agent was added to the mixture. The amount of this deodorizing agent added was 0.5% of the total mass of the mixture. The total mass of this batch of mixture was approximately 27150 kg (19050 + 6600 + 1500), therefore 135.75 kg of microbial deodorizing agent was added. The deodorizing agent was evenly sprayed onto the surface of the mixture using a sprayer, while simultaneously agitating it with a loader.

[0079] Then, add the fermentation starter. Evenly spread the high-temperature aerobic fermentation agent onto the surface of the material, using 3345 kg of starter (approximately 12.3% of the total mass of the mixture). The microbial air freshener from Example 1 is not additionally mixed into this fermentation starter, as the deodorizing function is already handled by the separately added microbial deodorizing agent and the subsequent spraying system.

[0080] Start the track-mounted material transfer and turning machine (model: FP-5000, turning width 5m, turning depth 1.5m, walking speed 2m / min). In this embodiment, the material is turned once a day during fermentation (at 10:00 AM), and after each turning, the material moves about 4m towards the discharge port.

[0081] Temperature control: Five temperature sensors (0.8m deep) were evenly spaced within the fermentation tank. In this embodiment, the fermentation temperature was maintained at a constant 65℃. The specific control method was as follows: In the initial stage (day 1), the material temperature rose from the ambient temperature; by adjusting the aeration rate (0.1-0.3 m³ air / min·m³ material) and the turning frequency, the material temperature reached 65℃ on day 2. Subsequently, when the temperature sensor showed a temperature below 63℃, the aeration rate was reduced to 0.15 m³ / min and turning was suspended; when the temperature was above 67℃, the aeration rate was increased to 0.25 m³ / min and turning was added once (i.e., turning twice on the same day). In this embodiment, the material temperature remained between 63 and 67℃ from day 4 to day 13, with an average of 65℃. Temperatures did not exceed 70℃, therefore no additional turning was required.

[0082] The fermentation cycle is 15 days. At the end of the 15th day, the material is moved to the discharge port and removed by a loader to obtain the fermented material.

[0083] Odor control measures: The fermentation workshop is a fully enclosed steel structure with exhaust ducts installed at the top. A high-pressure atomizing spray system (nozzle model: FST-80, working pressure: 4MPa, spray particle size: 50μm) is installed at the exhaust outlet. The spray system is connected to a microbial air freshener storage tank. The total number of live bacteria in the air freshener in the tank is 2 billion / ml. Before use, it is diluted with water at a ratio of 1:50 (the dilution ratio in this embodiment is higher than the 1:100 in Example 1). The spray system automatically sprays once every 2 hours, each time lasting 30 seconds, covering the entire fermentation workshop. In addition, lawns and shrubs (holly, privet) are planted on both sides of the fermentation tank as green isolation belts.

[0084] S4. Drying and Granulation: The fermented material obtained in step S3 (moisture content approximately 44%) is fed into a pulverizer (model: FS-600, hammer mill, speed 2800 r / min) via conveyor belt and pulverized to a particle size ≤2 mm. The pulverized material then enters a vertical mixing system (volume 8 m³, mixing speed 20 r / min), along with 900 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 450 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 300 kg of potassium fertilizer. The mixture is stirred for 10 minutes until the color is uniform.

[0085] The mixed material is fed into a disc granulator (model: YP-3600, disc diameter 3.6m, inclination angle 45°, rotation speed 18r / min) via a screw conveyor. During granulation, the measured granulation rate is 93.8% (over 93%).

[0086] The granulated wet granules (moisture content approximately 37%) fall directly into a low-temperature dryer (model: DW-200, belt dryer, drying section length 12m, conveyor belt speed 0.2m / min). A hot air furnace (model: RFL-60, coal-fired hot air furnace) provides hot air, with the inlet temperature controlled at 85℃ and the outlet temperature at 45℃. The material is evenly distributed on the conveyor belt, with a thickness of approximately 5cm. After passing through the drying section, the moisture content of the discharged material is measured to be 18.9% (lower than the specified 20%).

[0087] S5. Screening and Packaging: The dried organic fertilizer granules are conveyed by an elevator to a drum screen (model: GS-150, screen mesh sizes of 3.5mm and 5.5mm, drum inclination angle of 5°, rotation speed of 22r / min). After screening, unqualified granules with a particle size <3.5mm and >5.5mm are returned to the crusher inlet of step S4, re-crushed, and then enter the granulation system; qualified granules with a particle size of 3.5-5.5mm fall into the automatic packaging system via a chute.

[0088] The automated packaging system (model: DCS-50, quantitative packaging scale) packages qualified granules into 50kg bags. The bags are woven bags lined with plastic film and sealed with a heat sealer. The packaged finished products are stacked and stored in the warehouse to obtain the finished bio-organic fertilizer.

[0089] Example Material Balance Sheet:

[0090]

[0091] Note: The dust collected by the dust collector and the dust from sweeping the workshop floor have been returned to the fermentation system and entered into the product.

[0092] Comparative Example 1:

[0093] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is adjusted to 9 (below the lower limit of 10) in step S2.

[0094] The specific steps are as follows:

[0095] Following the raw material types and quantities described in Example 1, 19050 kg of livestock and poultry manure, 6600 kg of crushed straw, oilseed cake, and furfural residue, and 1500 kg of fermentation water were added to a horizontal disc mixer. By reducing the amount of straw powder and increasing the amount of livestock and poultry manure, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 9. The actual measured value was 8.8–9.2. The pH value was adjusted to 6.5, and the moisture content was adjusted to 60%.

[0096] The remaining steps (fermentation, drying, granulation, sieving, and packaging) are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Observations during fermentation: From day 2, a distinct ammonia odor appeared on the surface of the material, with a pungent smell; the temperature rose slowly, reaching 45℃ on day 5 and failing to reach 60℃ thereafter; the temperature began to drop on day 7. When the material was removed on day 15 of fermentation, it remained its original black color, with undecomposed fibrous straw and high viscosity, making it unsuitable for normal crushing and granulation. Forced crushing resulted in severe clumping, with the disc granulator achieving a granulation rate of only 42%. The yield of qualified granules after sieving was low, making normal packaging impossible.

[0098] Comparative Example 2:

[0099] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 35% in step S2 (below the lower limit of 40%).

[0100] The specific steps are as follows:

[0101] Following the raw material types and quantities in Example 1, livestock and poultry manure, crushed straw, oilseed cake, and furfural residue were added to a mixer. However, the fermentation water was reduced from 1500 kg to 0 kg (no additional water was added), and the moisture content was reduced to 35% by adding a large amount of straw powder (an additional 800 kg). The actual moisture content was 34.5%–35.5%. The carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 25, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5.

[0102] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0103] Observations during fermentation: The material was loose and the surface was dry. The temperature barely rose from day 1 to 3, only reaching 38℃ on day 4, and began to decrease on day 5. A large amount of dust was generated during turning and tossing. By day 15 of fermentation, the material still showed no obvious signs of decomposition; the fibers were not decomposed, and the internal moisture content was extremely low. After crushing, there was too much fine powder; the pelleting rate of the disc granulator was 28%. After sieving, most of the material was powder, with very little granular product.

[0104] Comparative Example 3:

[0105] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the fermentation temperature control failed in step S3, and the temperature continued to exceed 80°C (for example, reaching 85°C).

[0106] The specific steps are as follows:

[0107] The mixture was prepared according to steps S1 and S2 of Example 1. In step S3, the frequency of turning was reduced (from twice a day to 0.5 times a day, i.e., once every two days), and the aeration rate was reduced (from 0.2 m³ / min·m³ of material to 0.05 m³ / min·m³ of material) to prevent heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the material pile thickness was increased (from 1.5 m to 2.0 m) to enhance heat preservation. The temperature sensor showed that the material temperature rose to 82℃ on the 3rd day, 85℃ on the 4th day, and 88℃ on the 5th day. Upon opening the fermentation tank, white spots of dead bacteria appeared on the surface of the material, and there was a burnt smell.

[0108] Continue under these conditions until day 15. Upon removal of the material, it was found that some of it was carbonized and turned black, the organic matter content was significantly reduced, and the fibers were not completely decomposed but had become brittle. The pulverized material particles were uneven, with a granulation rate of only 61%. The finished granules had low strength and were easily broken.

[0109] Comparison table of Example 1 and comparative example results:

[0110]

[0111] The above comparative examples show that when the process parameters deviate from the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 17-33, the moisture content of 60%±5%, and the fermentation temperature of 60-70℃, the fermentation process cannot proceed normally, and the final product cannot meet the standard of qualified organic fertilizer granules.

[0112] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare livestock and poultry manure, straw, corn cobs, wood ash, pig and sheep bones, oilseed cake, and furfural residue as organic raw materials, and prepare nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and fermentation bacteria. S2. Mix livestock and poultry manure, crushed straw, corn cobs and pig and sheep bones in a mixer, and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, pH value and moisture content of the mixture. S3. The mixture obtained in step S2 is fed into a fermentation tank, the fermentation inoculum is added, and aerobic fermentation is carried out by a turning machine to obtain fermented material. S4. After crushing the fermented material obtained in step S3, mix it with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and then feed it into the granulation system and drying system in sequence to obtain organic fertilizer granules. S5. The organic fertilizer granules obtained in step S4 are screened, and qualified granules are packaged to obtain the finished bio-organic fertilizer product.

2. The method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to between 17 and 33, the pH value is adjusted to between 5.7 and 7.0, and the water content is adjusted to 60% ± 5%.

3. The method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation is controlled at 60-70℃, the fermentation cycle is 15 days, and the material is turned over 1-2 times a day by a turning machine.

4. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the fermentation strain contains a microbial deodorizing agent, and a high-pressure atomizing spray system is set up in the fermentation workshop to spray the microbial air freshener for deodorization.

5. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 4, characterized in that, The total number of live bacteria in the microbial air freshener is 2 billion / ml.

6. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the drying system is a low-temperature dryer that dries the organic fertilizer particles with hot air.

7. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the granulation system is a disc granulator with a granulation rate of over 93%.

8. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the unqualified particles that are screened out are returned to the crushing process for regranulation.

9. A method for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claim 1, characterized in that, The livestock and poultry manure is transported in sealed tank trucks and enters the mixing and batching process inside the workshop after entering the site. There are no open storage areas in the factory area. The straw and furfural residue are crushed and then enter the mixing and batching process.

10. A product for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw, characterized in that, It is produced by any one of the methods for producing bio-organic fertilizer using livestock and poultry manure and straw according to claims 1 to 9.

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