Insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of insect-proof and disease-resistant biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof, it is related to agricultural fertilizer technical field, including basic organic matrix, chemical insecticide phase and biological disease prevention phase, chemical insecticide phase is hierarchical porous biochar load siliconized composite particles, siliconized composite particles are composed of plant source insecticide active ingredient, humic acid and the silicon dioxide layer coated on its surface, biological disease prevention phase is the sodium alginate-chitosan composite microcapsule that surface modification xanthated acid potassium is embedded inside the biocontrol bacteria group.The preparation method thereof is prepared by double enzyme extraction, humic acid complex, in-situ coating of nanometer silicon, hierarchical porous biochar loading chemical insecticide phase, biological disease prevention phase is prepared by two-step crosslinking embedding, and then low-temperature compounding granulation is carried out to obtain finished product.The application solves the problem of mutual internal consumption of plant source insecticide and biocontrol bacteria in traditional biological pesticide fertilizer, realizes the synergistic effect of long-acting insecticide and biological disease prevention, and is suitable for agricultural green production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology, and in particular to an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of the concept of green agricultural development, bio-fertilizers have been widely used in pest and disease control and soil improvement due to their environmental friendliness, lack of residue, and low tendency to induce pesticide resistance. Currently, most common bio-fertilizers use fermented and decomposed organic waste as a carrier, combined with plant-derived insecticidal components and beneficial microbial agents, prepared through physical mixing or simple coating processes. To improve product performance, existing technologies have also developed various methods for stabilizing active ingredients and protecting microorganisms, such as using biochar to adsorb and fix insecticidal components, and using natural polymer materials to microencapsulate biocontrol bacteria.

[0003] However, existing bio-fertilizers still have significant shortcomings in practical applications. On the one hand, when plant-derived insecticides come into direct contact with beneficial microbial agents, antagonistic effects occur. The insecticides can inhibit or even kill biocontrol bacteria, while the metabolic activities of the microorganisms may accelerate the degradation of the insecticides, leading to a simultaneous decrease in the insecticidal and disease-preventing effects of the product. This is the core bottleneck restricting the improvement of bio-fertilizer performance. On the other hand, most plant-derived insecticides are fat-soluble natural products, which are easily decomposed in complex soil environments due to factors such as light, temperature, and pH. Their effective period is short, requiring frequent application to achieve the desired control effect. Simultaneously, existing microencapsulation technology has limited protective effects on biocontrol bacteria. Biocontrol bacteria are easily stressed by the external environment in the soil, resulting in low survival rates and difficulty in stably colonizing the crop rhizosphere, leading to unstable biological disease control effects. Furthermore, some bio-fertilizer production processes fail to fully utilize agricultural waste resources, resulting in high raw material costs and high energy consumption in some processes, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production and sustainable agricultural development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a technical solution to address one or more problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An insect-repellent and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0007] 100 parts of basic organic matrix;

[0008] 15-45 parts of chemical insecticide phase;

[0009] Biological disease prevention measures: 5-20 samples.

[0010] The chemical insecticidal phase includes graded porous biochar and silicified composite particles loaded within the graded porous biochar; the silicified composite particles include plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients, humic acid, and a silica layer coating the surfaces of the plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients and the humic acid.

[0011] The biocontrol phase includes a composite microcapsule composed of sodium alginate and chitosan, and a biocontrol bacterial group embedded in the composite microcapsule; the surface of the composite microcapsule is modified with a potassium humate layer.

[0012] Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the biological disease prevention phase include, by relative weight, 2-6 parts sodium alginate, 1-4 parts chitosan, and 3-8 parts calcium chloride.

[0013] Specifically, the raw materials for preparing the chemical insecticidal phase, by relative weight, include: 20-40 parts of plant-derived insecticidal raw material, 1.5-2.5 parts of humic acid, and 20-50 parts of hierarchical porous biochar. The hierarchical porous biochar has a macroporous-mesoporous hierarchical structure of 50-200 nm and a specific surface area ≥500 m². 2 / g.

[0014] Specifically, the basic organic matrix has a water content of ≤30% by weight, and its raw materials, by weight, include: 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 30-60 parts of crop straw powder.

[0015] A method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Preparation of the chemical insecticidal phase: The plant-derived insecticidal raw material was mixed with water, and cellulase and pectinase were added for enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction. The extract was filtered to obtain the extract. The extract was heated to 40-45℃, humic acid was added and stirred for dispersion, and dilute sodium hydroxide was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to 6.0-6.5. The system was stirred at a constant temperature for 1.5-2.5h for composite reaction. The temperature of the composite system was maintained at 40-45℃, and sodium silicate aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 15-25% was added dropwise. At the same time, dilute hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to maintain the pH of the system at 7.0-7.5. After the addition was completed, dilute hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6.0. The system was reacted at a constant temperature for 4-5h for in-situ coating reaction to obtain a silicified composite particle suspension. Graded porous biochar was added to the silicified composite particle suspension, and the reactor was evacuated to a gauge pressure of -0.05 to -0.08 MPa. The mixture was stirred and adsorbed for 2-3h, and then dried and pulverized to obtain the chemical insecticidal phase.

[0017] (2) Preparation of the biocontrol phase: Add the biocontrol bacteria to an aqueous sodium alginate solution to obtain solution A; prepare a calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 3-8% as solution B1; dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume fraction of 0.5-1.5%, and add dilute sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the system to 5.0-5.5 to obtain solution B2; add solution A to solution B1 for a solidification reaction for 25-35 min, wash, and then transfer to solution B2 for a coating reaction for 15-25 min, and wash to obtain microcapsule wet product; soak the microcapsule wet product in an aqueous potassium humate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.5-1.0% for modification for 15-25 min, and then vacuum dry at ≤35℃ until the mass percentage moisture content is ≤15% to obtain the biocontrol phase.

[0018] (3) Terminal compounding: The basic organic matrix, the chemical insecticide phase and the biological disease prevention phase are mixed in proportion and fed into the granulator. The temperature of the granulation system is controlled to be below 40℃. Low temperature drying at 35~45℃ is adopted.

[0019] Specifically, in step (1), the mass ratio of the plant-derived insecticide raw material to water is 1:2.5 to 1:10; the pH value of the enzymatic extraction is 4.5 to 5.0, the temperature is 45 to 50°C, and the reaction time is 3 to 4 hours.

[0020] Specifically, in step (2), the preparation ratio of solution A is: 10-30 parts by weight of sodium alginate per 500 parts by weight of sterile water. The preparation ratio of solution B1 is: 15-40 parts by weight of calcium chloride per 500 parts by weight of sterile water. The preparation ratio of solution B2 is: 5-20 parts by weight of chitosan per 500 parts by weight of acetic acid solution.

[0021] Specifically, in step (1), before adding the graded porous biochar, the graded porous biochar is pretreated: the graded porous biochar is added to a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass percentage concentration of 4~6%, and stirred and oxidized at 40~50℃ for 2.5~3.5h.

[0022] Specifically, in step (3), the preparation method of the basic organic matrix includes: mixing livestock and poultry manure, crop straw powder and aerobic composting fermentation agent, adjusting the initial mass percentage moisture content of the mixture to 55-65% and the pH value to 6.5-7.5; building a pile for fermentation, turning the pile for the first time when the pile temperature rises to 60℃, maintaining 55-65℃ for fermentation for 7-10 days; and then naturally cooling and aging for 10-15 days.

[0023] Specifically, in step (2), the biocontrol bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] (i) By combining humic acid composite of chemical insecticidal phase, nano-silicon coating, hierarchical porous biochar loading and polyelectrolyte microcapsule embedding of biological disease prevention phase, and hydrophilic / hydrophobic partition barrier, a dual-core isolation spatial structure was constructed, realizing complete physicochemical isolation between insecticidal active ingredients and biocontrol bacteria in micro-phase state. This fundamentally solves the industry pain point of mutual consumption and toxicity between plant-derived insecticides and biocontrol bacteria in traditional bio-fertilizers, which is different from the incomplete isolation achieved by existing technologies through simple physical mixing or single coating.

[0026] (ii) By combining the humic acid complex stabilization of plant-derived insecticidal components, the dense coating of nano-silica, and the solid-phase anchoring of hierarchical porous biochar, a multi-dimensional insecticidal component stabilization system is formed. At the same time, appropriate reaction conditions are used to avoid degradation of active ingredients, thereby achieving long-term slow release of insecticidal activity, significantly extending the product's duration of effectiveness, and solving the problems of easy photodegradation, easy oxidation, and short duration of effectiveness of plant-derived insecticides in the existing technology.

[0027] (III) By combining two-step cross-linking microcapsule encapsulation of biocontrol bacteria, pH buffering of chitosan solution and surface modification with potassium humate, a physical and chemical barrier against external toxins is provided for the endobiotic bacteria, and an effective carbon source is provided for their growth and reproduction in the soil. This achieves high survival rate of biocontrol bacteria in the soil and precise colonization in the rhizosphere, which greatly improves the biological disease control effect. This is different from the low survival rate biocontrol bacteria protection achieved by only single encapsulation in the existing technology.

[0028] (iv) By combining the mild enzymatic extraction of plant-derived insecticide raw materials, the resource utilization of agricultural waste and the low-temperature compounding molding process, the green production of the product is realized, the amount of chemical pesticides used is reduced, and agricultural waste such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and extract residues are transformed into organic fertilizer carriers, taking into account the dual functions of pest and disease control and soil improvement, which meets the requirements of sustainable agricultural development. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a logic flowchart of a method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary descriptions. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to enable those skilled in the art to understand and read the invention. They are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of the invention. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention.

[0031] Comprehensive explanation

[0032] This invention constructs a "dual-core micro-ecological isolation spatial structure," which achieves phase isolation between plant-derived insecticidal components and biocontrol microbial components at the microscopic level, effectively solving the industry problems of internal friction between components and environmental degradation.

[0033] I. Overall Technical Concept and Component System

[0034] The core of the insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer provided by this invention lies in integrating chemical insecticidal function and biological disease prevention function into a unified organic matrix through a specific material balance system.

[0035] 1. Component composition and mass ratio

[0036] The fertilizer system of the present invention uses a basic organic matrix as the bulk carrier and is constructed by introducing a specific number of active functional phases.

[0037] 1.1 Basic organic matrix: set to 100 parts as a global baseline.

[0038] 1.2 Chemical insecticide phase: The amount added is 15 to 45 parts relative to the basic organic matrix.

[0039] 1.3 Biological disease prevention phase: The amount added is 5 to 20 parts relative to the basic organic matrix.

[0040] 2. Spatial Architecture Logic

[0041] This invention does not involve directly mixing the components, but rather employs a strategy of graded packaging and anchoring:

[0042] 2.1 Chemical insecticidal phase: solid particles formed through "humic acid composite - nano-silicon coating - hierarchical porous carrier anchoring".

[0043] 2.2 Biological disease prevention phase: microcapsules formed through "two-step cross-linking of polyelectrolytes - pH buffer protection".

[0044] II. Preparation process of chemical insecticidal phase

[0045] The preparation of chemical insecticidal phases aims to lock in fat-soluble active ingredients through multi-level barriers, preventing their inactivation under alkaline or light-exposed environments.

[0046] 1. Gentle extraction of active ingredients

[0047] 1.1 Raw material selection: Use dried and pulverized materials of Polygonum aviculare, Derris fusiforme or Rhododendron molle, or residue of medicinal herbs with insecticidal active ingredients retained at a rate of ≥80% after water extraction / grading extraction.

[0048] 1.2 Dual-enzyme cell disruption: Mix the raw material with water at a mass ratio of 1:2.5 to 1:10, and add cellulase (enzyme activity ≥10000U / g) and pectinase (enzyme activity ≥5000U / g) under the conditions of pH 4.5 to 5.0 and temperature 45 to 50℃, and react for 3 to 4 hours.

[0049] 1.3 Physical separation: The filtrate was collected by plate and frame filtration to obtain free insecticidal extract, and high temperature was avoided throughout the process to protect the heat-sensitive components.

[0050] 2. Humic acid-microacid complex reaction

[0051] 2.1 Reaction substrate: Based on 100 parts of extract, heat to 40~45℃ and add 1.5~2.5 parts of mineral-derived humic acid.

[0052] 2.2 Precise pH control: The pH of the system is strictly controlled at 6.0~6.5 by slowly adding dilute sodium hydroxide.

[0053] 2.2.1 Key logic: This slightly acidic range can effectively prevent components such as rotenone from undergoing alkaline hydrolysis, and utilize hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form a stable composite colloid.

[0054] 3. In-situ coating of nano-silica sol (steady-state-polymerization two-step method)

[0055] 3.1 Alkaline steady-state dispersion stage: Maintain the system temperature at 40~45℃, add sodium silicate aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 15~25%, and simultaneously add dilute hydrochloric acid to maintain the pH of the system between 7.0 and 7.5.

[0056] 3.2 Acid-triggered polycondensation stage: After the addition is complete, continue to add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH down and stabilize it at 5.5~6.0, and react at a constant temperature for 4~5 hours.

[0057] 3.2.1 Reaction mechanism: Under weakly acidic conditions, silicate undergoes controlled polycondensation, resulting in the in-situ growth of a dense network of silica on the surface of the composite.

[0058] 4. Graded porous biochar loading and fixation

[0059] 4.1 Carrier Specifications: The carrier should have a hierarchical structure of macropores and mesopores (50~200 nm) and a specific surface area ≥ 500 m². 2 / g of biochar.

[0060] 4.2 Oxidative modification: Pre-treat with 4-6% (w / w) hydrogen peroxide at 40-50°C for 2.5-3.5 hours.

[0061] 4.3 Negative pressure anchoring: Add modified biochar (20-50 parts by relative weight) into the silicification suspension.

[0062] 4.3.1 Operating parameters: Evacuate to gauge pressure -0.05~-0.08 MPa, stir and adsorb for 2~3 hours. Utilize the pressure difference to drive the silicide particles deep into the hierarchical channels, achieving solid-phase lock-in.

[0063] III. Preparation process of biological disease-preventing phase

[0064] The biocontrol phase provides protection for biocontrol bacteria through microencapsulation technology, establishing a rejection barrier against fat-soluble insecticidal components.

[0065] 1. Construction of composite sclerotia

[0066] 1.1 Mixing of strains: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paecilomyces lilacinus were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0067] 1.2 Preparation of bacterial suspension: Take 3-10 portions of compound bacterial powder (single viable count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶). 9 CFU / g) was dispersed in sterile physiological saline.

[0068] 2. Polyelectrolyte composite microcapsule encapsulation

[0069] 2.1 Preparation of Solution A: Dissolve 10-30 parts by weight of sodium alginate in every 500 parts by weight of water and add to the bacterial suspension.

[0070] 2.2 Preparation of B1 solution: Dissolve 15-40 parts by weight of calcium chloride in every 500 parts by weight of water to prepare a curing solution with a concentration of 3-8%.

[0071] 2.3B2 solution preparation: Dissolve 5-20 parts by weight of chitosan in 500 parts by weight of 1% acetic acid solution.

[0072] 2.3.1 pH buffering protection: Add dilute sodium hydroxide dropwise to buffer the pH of solution B2 to 5.0~5.5. This step is crucial for survival, aiming to eliminate the acidic toxicity of acetic acid to live bacteria.

[0073] 2.4 Two-step crosslinking operation:

[0074] (1) Initial crosslinking: A liquid is dripped into B1 liquid and cured for 25~35 minutes.

[0075] (2) Secondary coating: After washing, the microspheres are transferred into liquid B2 and stirred for 15-25 minutes to form a sodium alginate-chitosan composite membrane.

[0076] 3. Potassium humate surface modification

[0077] 3.1 Soaking and modification: The wet microcapsule product was placed in a 0.5-1.0% potassium humate aqueous solution for 15-25 min for modification.

[0078] 3.2 Endpoint control: Vacuum dry at ≤35℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%.

[0079] IV. Preparation of Basic Organic Matrices

[0080] As the main component of fertilizer, the substrate must be fully decomposed and have stable physical properties.

[0081] 1. Raw material ratio

[0082] 1.1 Core components: 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, and 30-60 parts of crop straw powder.

[0083] 1.2 Auxiliary components: Add 0.5~2 parts of aerobic composting fermentation agent.

[0084] 2. Composting process parameters

[0085] 2.1 Initial control: Adjust the moisture content to 55-65% and the pH to 6.5-7.5.

[0086] 2.2 High-temperature period management: Turn the pile for the first time when the temperature rises to 60℃, and maintain fermentation at 55~65℃ for 7~10 days.

[0087] 2.3 Post-processing: After aging for 10-15 days, crush and sieve to ensure the final moisture content is ≤30%.

[0088] V. Terminal compounding and granulation

[0089] 1. Cold physical mixing

[0090] According to the relative weight ratios set in Part 1, the substrate, insecticidal phase, and disease-preventing phase are put into a zero-gravity mixer.

[0091] 2. Key temperature control granulation

[0092] 2.1 Extrusion granulation: The pellets are formed by extrusion using roller extrusion equipment, and the system temperature is strictly controlled below 40℃ throughout the process.

[0093] 2.2 Low-temperature drying: High-volume drying at 35~45℃.

[0094] 2.2.1 Objective: To maintain the activity of biocontrol bacteria and prevent thermal degradation of heat-sensitive chemical components. The moisture content of the finished product should be controlled at ≤20%.

[0095] VI. Explanation of the Mechanism of the Core Invention

[0096] 1. Hydrophilic / hydrophobic partitioning and repulsion mechanism (hydrophobic barrier effect)

[0097] The disease-preventing microcapsules prepared in this invention have wall materials (sodium alginate and chitosan) that are both highly hydrophilic polyelectrolyte networks. In a soil moisture environment, this network is filled with water molecules, forming a highly hydrated layer. Based on the principle of thermodynamic partitioning, highly hydrophobic and lipid-soluble insecticidal molecules (such as rotenone) have difficulty penetrating the highly polar hydrated layer to enter the capsule. This physicochemical barrier fundamentally blocks the toxicity of the insecticidal components to the biocontrol bacteria.

[0098] 2. Solid-phase space containment and staged controlled release mechanism

[0099] Through the intermolecular forces of humic acid, the microscopic encapsulation of silica, and the macroscopic anchoring of biochar pores, the insecticidal ingredient is "locked" within the solid-phase carrier in multiple ways. This design not only prevents the insecticidal ingredient from freely diffusing in the matrix (avoiding direct contact with the microcapsules), but also endows the product with the technical characteristics of long-lasting and slow-release.

[0100] To further verify the objective effectiveness of the "dual-core microecological isolation spatial structure" and its core microscopic components at each level in practical agricultural applications, particularly its real technical contribution in blocking the mutual depletion between plant-derived active ingredients and biocontrol microorganisms and enhancing environmental stability, a systematic comparative experiment was designed. This experiment will strictly adhere to current authoritative objective testing standards in fertilizer science, microbiology, and physicochemical detection, aiming to intuitively and scientifically demonstrate the decisive influence of core technical characteristics on the performance of the final product through rigorous variable control.

[0101] I. Selection Criteria and Setting of Core Variables

[0102] Based on fundamental laws of physicochemistry and thermodynamic principles, the most core technical features of this technical solution are deduced and evaluated. The evaluation reveals that the most significant influencing factors determining the degree of internal consumption and the half-life of the fertilizer system are concentrated in the following three structural dimensions, which are thus designated as the three core variables:

[0103] Variable 1: Presence or absence of a microscopic silica-humic acid coating layer in the chemical insecticidal phase

[0104] Based on physical / chemical principles, it is speculated that fat-soluble plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients (such as rotenone) contain easily oxidized groups in their molecular structure, making them highly susceptible to photolysis and hydrolysis (degradation kinetics) under ultraviolet exposure or weakly alkaline moisture conditions. The silanized composite coating layer in this solution not only provides a chemically buffered substrate to neutralize the slightly acidic environment but also constructs a dense inorganic-organic composite physical shielding layer at the microscopic level, blocking contact between oxygen, photons, and the core molecules.

[0105] Variable setting: Set up a control group that retains the complete insecticidal phase with the coating structure, and a control group that directly exposes the free insecticidal extract to the carrier.

[0106] Variable 2: The presence or absence of a barrier in bio-prevention polymeric electrolyte composite microcapsules

[0107] Based on physical / chemical principles, it is speculated that the polyelectrolyte gel network formed by the cross-linking of sodium alginate and chitosan possesses extremely strong hydration capabilities, with its pores occupied by water molecules to form a highly polar hydration layer. Highly hydrophobic and lipid-soluble insecticidal molecules have significant thermodynamic limitations in overcoming this barrier to penetrate the highly polar hydrogel. This characteristic is absolutely crucial in determining whether biocontrol bacteria can survive surrounded by toxic molecules.

[0108] Variable setting: A control group was set up using a complete disease-preventing phase of biocontrol bacteria encapsulated in composite microcapsules, and a control group was set up using free, naked biocontrol bacteria suspension directly.

[0109] Variable 3: The presence or absence of a dual-phase physical isolation architecture (macroscopic dual-core structure)

[0110] Based on physical / chemical laws, it is speculated that, according to Fick's law of diffusion and the principle of spatial heterogeneity, if chemical substances with mutual antagonistic effects are directly mixed with microorganisms in a liquid phase or homogeneous matrix, the effective collision probability between molecules and cells will be maximized, leading to rapid poisoning and internal consumption. However, if the two phases are prepared independently, anchored and solidified separately, and then dry-state compounded on a macroscopic scale, the spatial diffusion path of toxin molecules will be greatly extended, maximizing the spatial isolation effect.

[0111] Variable setting: Set up a complete dual-core fertilizer that is independently prepared according to the scheme and then compounded, and compare it with a traditional homogeneous fertilizer that is directly mixed and granulated with biocontrol bacteria, insecticidal extract and organic matrix.

[0112] II. Experimental Group Design

[0113] Experimental Group (Complete Solution Group): This is an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer prepared strictly according to the technical solution, including siliconized encapsulated insecticidal phase, microencapsulated disease-preventing phase, and macroscopic cold-state compounding.

[0114] Comparative Example 1 (Missing Variable 1): The steps of "humic acid composite" and "in-situ coating of nano-silica sol" in the preparation of the chemical insecticide phase were omitted, and the remaining steps and component ratios were completely consistent with the experimental group.

[0115] Comparative Example 2 (Missing Variable 2): The "polyelectrolyte composite microcapsule encapsulation" and "modification" steps in the preparation of the biocontrol phase were omitted. An equal amount of free biocontrol composite bacterial suspension was directly added to the matrix to replace the biocontrol phase. All other steps were completely consistent with the experimental group.

[0116] Comparative Example 3 (Missing Variable 3): The two-phase independent preparation process was cancelled, and all raw materials, including equal amounts of insecticidal extract, biocontrol bacteria suspension, and biochar, were directly added to the basic organic matrix for full mixing and cold granulation.

[0117] III. Testing Methods

[0118] 1. Core Indicator 1: Determination of the survival rate of effective biocontrol bacteria within the system

[0119] Operating Procedures: The experimental group and each comparative sample were placed in a constant temperature incubator set at 25℃ and 60% relative humidity to simulate conventional storage. Samples were taken on the day of preparation (day 0), day 30, and day 90. Each time, 10.0g of fertilizer sample was weighed and added to 90mL of 0.85% sterile physiological saline. The sample was shaken at 150rpm for 30min to fully disperse. The supernatant was then serially diluted to 10⁻⁶. -5 10 -6 10 -7 Three concentration gradients were used. 0.1 mL of the diluted solution was spread onto beef extract peptone agar (for Bacillus counting) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) (for Paecilomyces lilacinus counting) using the standard plating method. The plates were inverted and placed in an incubator, where bacteria were incubated at 30°C and fungi at 28°C for 48–72 hours. After the incubation period, colony-forming units (CFU) were counted, and the viable cell retention rate at each stage was calculated (retention rate = CFU on sampling day × 100% / CFU on day 0) to assess the effectiveness of the protective barrier against pathogens.

[0120] 2. Core Indicator Two: Determination of Environmental Degradation Kinetics of Insecticidal Active Ingredients

[0121] Operating Procedures: Rotenone was used as the core insecticidal indicator. 500g of pest-free and disease-free topsoil, passed through a 2mm sieve, was weighed and its pH adjusted and stabilized to 7.5 using 0.1mol / L NaOH solution. 5.0g of each fertilizer sample was mixed evenly with the soil, placed in uncovered culture pots, and deionized water was added to adjust the soil moisture content to 60% of field capacity. The culture pots were placed in an artificial climate chamber at 25℃, using an artificial light source with an intensity of 8000lx to simulate sunlight (12h / 12h light / dark cycle). On days 1, 15, and 30 after application, 10.0g of the mixed soil sample was collected, and 50mL of chromatographic grade methanol was added. The mixture was ultrasonically extracted for 30min at 300W and 40kHz. After centrifugation at 8000rpm for 10min, the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22μm organic microporous membrane. Absolute quantitative analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, equipped with a UV detector). Chromatographic conditions were set as follows: C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), column temperature 25 °C; mobile phase: methanol:water = 70:30 (V / V); flow rate 1.0 mL / min; injection volume 10 μL; detection wavelength 295 nm. The residual amount of rotenone in the soil was calculated using the external standard method, and degradation curves were plotted to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-situ coating process in preventing degradation and retaining the active molecule.

[0122] 3. Core Indicator Three: Evaluation of the Comprehensive Insect and Disease Resistance Efficacy of Greenhouse Potted Plants

[0123] Operating Procedures: Tomato varieties (Zhongshu No. 4) susceptible to root-knot nematodes and soil-borne wilt were selected as test plants. 20cm inner diameter plastic pots were prepared, each filled with 2.0kg of autoclaved nutrient soil. Before transplanting, 50.0g of the experimental group or control fertilizer was evenly mixed into the soil of each pot as base fertilizer. Four-leaf stage tomato seedlings with uniform growth were selected for transplanting. Artificial inoculation was performed on the day of transplanting: 50mL of Fusarium oxysporum spore suspension (concentration 1×10⁻⁶) was applied to the roots of each pot via root drenching. 6 The experiment involved inoculating the roots with 2000 second-instar larvae (J2) of the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) through holes punched around the roots. Potted plants were placed in a standard greenhouse with a daytime temperature of 25℃ / nighttime temperature of 20℃, relative humidity of 70%, and a photoperiod of 14h / 10h. The experiment was terminated after 60 days of continuous cultivation. Each treatment was replicated in triplicate, with 10 plants per replicate. At the end of the experiment, the plants were removed, the roots were washed, and the root knots were graded based on their number, and the root knot index was calculated to determine the insect control rate. Simultaneously, browning and wilting of the vascular bundles in the above-ground parts were observed, the incidence rate was statistically analyzed, and the relative control efficacy was calculated. This was to verify the ultimate synergistic effect of the dual-core component in a real crop micro-ecosystem.

[0124] Exemplary Description

[0125] To visually demonstrate the technical effects of this invention and to scientifically showcase the technical advantages of the "dual-core microecological isolation spatial structure" in solving the problems of component mutual consumption and stability, the following uses representative data sets from the experimental groups as specific examples for demonstration.

[0126] I. Example 1 (Optimal Group of Complete Solutions)

[0127] This embodiment demonstrates a complete preparation process for insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer, and all process parameters and material dosages are within the preferred technical range defined in this scheme.

[0128] 1. Raw material preparation and weighing

[0129] 1.1 Basic organic substrate: 100kg.

[0130] 1.2 Chemical insecticide phase: 30kg.

[0131] 1.3 Biological disease prevention phase: 12kg.

[0132] 2. Preparation of chemical insecticidal phases

[0133] 2.1 Preparation of insecticidal extract: Take 30 kg of dried and pulverized rotenone, add 150 kg of deionized water and mix. Add dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 4.8, add 0.5 kg of cellulase and 0.5 kg of pectinase, and extract by enzymatic hydrolysis at 48℃ for 3.5 h. Filter and collect the free insecticidal extract using a plate and frame filter press.

[0134] 2.2 Humic acid-microacid composite: Take 100 kg of the above extract and heat it to 42℃. Add 2.0 kg of mineral-derived fulvic acid and stir to disperse. Slowly add dilute sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the system to 6.3. Stir at constant temperature for 2 h to carry out the composite reaction.

[0135] 2.3 Nanoscale silicon in-situ coating: The temperature of the composite system was maintained at 42℃, and 18 kg of sodium silicate aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 20% was slowly added dropwise, while dilute hydrochloric acid was added dropwise simultaneously. The pH of the system was maintained at 7.2 throughout the process. After the addition was completed, dilute hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system and strictly stabilize it at 5.8. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 4.5 h to obtain a suspension of siliconized composite particles.

[0136] 2.4 Negative pressure fixation and post-treatment: A macroporous-mesoporous hierarchical structure with a diameter of 120 nm and a specific surface area of ​​650 m² was selected. 2 35 kg of graded porous biochar of / g was added to a 5% (w / w) hydrogen peroxide solution and stirred at 45°C for 3 h for oxidative modification. The modified biochar was then washed and dried. The modified biochar was then added to a silicified suspension, and the reactor was evacuated to a gauge pressure of -0.06 MPa. The mixture was stirred and adsorbed for 2.5 h. After centrifugation, the biochar was vacuum dried and pulverized at 60°C to obtain the chemical insecticidal phase.

[0137] 3. Preparation of biological disease-preventing phases

[0138] 3.1 Preparation of compound bacterial suspension: Take Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paecilomyces lilacinus in equal mass ratio, and take 6 kg of the mixed bacterial powder and disperse it in sterile physiological saline.

[0139] 3.2 Preparation of polyelectrolyte solution:

[0140] (1) Solution A: Add 20 kg of sodium alginate to every 500 kg of sterile water and mix it with the above bacterial suspension.

[0141] (2) B1 solution: Add 25 kg of calcium chloride to every 500 kg of sterile water.

[0142] (3) B2 solution: Add 12 kg of chitosan to every 500 kg of acetic acid solution with a volume fraction of 1%, and add dilute sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the system to 5.3.

[0143] 3.3 Two-step cross-linking, embedding and modification: Solution A was dropped into solution B1 and cured for 30 min. After washing, it was transferred to solution B2 for coating reaction for 20 min. After washing, the microcapsule wet product was obtained. The microcapsule wet product was immersed in a 0.8% potassium humate aqueous solution for modification for 20 min. Then it was vacuum dried at 33℃ to a water content of 12% to obtain the biological disease prevention phase.

[0144] 4. Terminal compounding and granulation

[0145] 4.1 Mixing and Molding: Add 100kg of basic organic matrix, 30kg of chemical insecticide phase and 12kg of biological disease prevention phase to a mixer and mix evenly; send to a roller extrusion granulator and control the granulation system temperature to 35℃ for extrusion molding.

[0146] 4.2 Drying: Dry at a low temperature of 38℃ with a large air volume until the moisture content of the finished product is 18%, then sieve and package.

[0147] II. Example 2 (Variable: pH exceeding the limit in the chemical phase coating reaction)

[0148] This embodiment aims to verify the influence of a specific pH environment during the in-situ coating condensation reaction stage on the final environmental stability of the insecticidal active ingredient in the preparation of the chemical insecticidal phase.

[0149] 1. Experimental Procedure

[0150] The difference between this experimental group and Example 1 is that in the preparation of the chemical insecticidal phase, the triggering condensation pH value after adding sodium silicate solution in the "nano-silicon in-situ coating" stage was changed from 5.8 to 8.5 (exceeding the limited weakly acidic range), so that silicate ions could not effectively form a film for coating under this alkaline environment. The other raw material types, ratios, and process steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0151] III. Example 3 (Variable: pH of biological phase coating solution exceeds the limit)

[0152] This embodiment aims to verify the decisive role of the specific pH buffering protection of the coating solution in the survival rate of biocontrol bacteria during the preparation of biocontrol microcapsules.

[0153] 1. Experimental Procedure

[0154] The difference between this experimental group and Example 1 is that in the preparation of the biological disease prevention phase, the step of adding dilute sodium hydroxide for pH buffering was omitted when preparing solution B2, so that the pH value of solution B2 was maintained at the natural acidity of glacial acetic acid system, 3.0 (exceeding the limited safe range of 5.0~5.5). The other raw material types, ratios, and process steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0155] IV. Example 4 (Variable: Terminal compounding temperature exceeding the limit)

[0156] This embodiment aims to verify the overall impact of temperature control parameters during the terminal compounding granulation and drying process on the biphasic activity within the fertilizer system.

[0157] 1. Experimental Procedure

[0158] The difference between this experimental group and Example 1 is that, in the terminal compounding granulation and drying stage, no physical cooling control was performed. The granulation system temperature was set to 65°C, and drying was carried out under conventional high-temperature conditions of 65°C (exceeding the limited range of below 40°C and 35~45°C). The other raw material types, ratios, and process steps were exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0159] V. Blank group (using existing technology and processes)

[0160] This group aims to provide basic control data without the treatment of biphasic spatial isolation.

[0161] 1. Experimental Procedure

[0162] The process uses a simple mixing technique similar to that used in commercially available bio-organic fertilizers: 30 kg of unextracted and uncoated plant-derived insecticidal raw material powder such as red knotweed / dried vine and 6 kg of free biocontrol compound bacteria powder are directly mixed with 100 kg of conventionally fermented and decomposed basic organic substrate. The mixture is then extruded and granulated at room temperature and dried at 60℃ to obtain the finished fertilizer product.

[0163] VI. Experimental Data Recording

[0164] The following records the final performance parameters of the products of each embodiment and the comparative example under simulated storage and real field micro-ecological environments:

[0165] Table 1: Summary of the Measurement Results of Product Performance Parameters for Each Experimental Group

[0166] Example 1 (Optimal Group of Complete Solutions) 63.8 82.14 88.5 Example 2 (coating pH=8.5) 60.2 34.27 61.2 Example 3 (coating solution pH=3.0) 2.7 80.56 55.8 Example 4 (granulation / drying temperature = 65℃) 1.1 58.91 38.0 Blank group (existing technology hybrid process) 0.8 19.35 24.0

[0167] VII. Summary of Key Information from Experimental Results

[0168] Based on the objective physicochemical and biological performance data recorded in Table 1, the following conclusions can be drawn intuitively:

[0169] Example 1, prepared using the complete technical solution, showed significant and stable advantages in both viable bacteria retention rate and component residue rate, demonstrating the characteristics of reasonable physical slow release and long-term synergistic effect (relative efficacy reached 88.5%).

[0170] In Example 2, the encapsulation structure failed due to a local change in pH, and the insecticidal component exhibited a precipitous degradation (the residual rate dropped sharply to 34.27%). However, because the microcapsule process was normal, the bacteria were not seriously affected.

[0171] Example 3 caused acid poisoning due to changes in the buffer system, resulting in the death of a large number of microbial populations (the retention rate was only 2.7%), but its chemical phase fixation structure still played a role in preventing degradation.

[0172] The traditional simple mixed blank control group showed the most severe internal friction and environmental degradation under long-term testing, with all activity indicators and final efficacy at extremely low levels.

[0173] Based on the objectively presented experimental data, this section will explore the microscopic mechanisms behind the data from in-depth perspectives such as molecular dynamics, thermodynamic partitioning, and interfacial chemistry. By comparing and analyzing the performance trends exhibited by each experimental group, this section reveals how the microscopic components constructed in this scheme work synergistically at the molecular level to achieve the technical goals of mitigating component internal friction and improving environmental stability.

[0174] Molecular-level performance trend analysis

[0175] 1. Molecular protection mechanism of silica-humic acid coating (targeting chemical insecticide phases)

[0176] Experimental data clearly demonstrate that systems with complete encapsulation structures exhibit an overwhelming advantage in environmental stability. From a molecular structure perspective, plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients (such as rotenone) contain functional groups that are highly sensitive to oxygen and alkaline media.

[0177] Physical shielding effect: The inorganic network formed in situ on the surface of active molecules by nanoscale silica through condensation reaction acts as a "molecular cage". This dense network structure significantly increases the diffusion resistance of photons and oxygen molecules into the interior, and kinetically inhibits the occurrence of photolysis and oxidation reactions.

[0178] pH buffering and chemical chelation: Mineral-derived fulvic acid contains a large number of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which form stable complexes with active molecules through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. When faced with the threat of an alkaline environment, the acidic functional groups of humic acid provide a localized slightly acidic environment, neutralizing the alkaline ions that penetrate in and effectively preventing the alkaline hydrolysis of lipid-soluble components at the molecular level.

[0179] 2. Hydrophilic / hydrophobic repulsion mechanism of polyelectrolyte composite microcapsules (targeting biological disease prevention phases)

[0180] The dramatic fluctuations in the survival rate of biocontrol bacteria reflect the crucial role of the microcapsule barrier. The underlying reason lies in the principle of interfacial thermodynamic partitioning.

[0181] Hydrophobic barrier effect: The polyelectrolyte network formed by sodium alginate and chitosan through charge neutralization is highly hydrophilic, and its internal pores are filled with highly polar water molecules, forming a continuous hydrated film.

[0182] Thermodynamic Barrier: Most plant-derived insecticidal molecules are highly hydrophobic. According to the laws of like dissolve like and thermodynamic partitioning, hydrophobic molecules must overcome extremely high energy barriers when passing through highly polar hydrophilic networks. This molecular-level repulsion makes it difficult for harmful chemical molecules to diffuse into the microcapsule and come into contact with living microorganisms, thus preserving a relatively pure living space for microorganisms in the chemical environment.

[0183] 3. Spatial Heterogeneity and Diffusion Dynamics (for the Overall Dual-Core Architecture)

[0184] The performance difference between macroscopic complexes and simple mixtures stems from changes in the probability of intermolecular collisions and the length of diffusion paths.

[0185] Collision probability suppression: In a simple mixture system, chemical molecules and microorganisms are in the same physical space at the microscale. According to the diffusion dynamics model, the frequency of effective collisions between the two and the resulting toxic effects is the highest.

[0186] Spatial isolation effect: With the dual-core isolation architecture, chemical components are trapped within the submicron pores of biochar, while microorganisms are enclosed within microcapsules. This spatial heterogeneity significantly increases the characteristic time for harmful molecules to reach the microbial interface. Simultaneously, the physical adsorption potential well of the porous material further limits the escape rate of harmful molecules, resulting in the fertilizer system exhibiting exceptionally long-lasting effectiveness and biocompatibility on a macroscopic scale.

[0187] Specific work process

[0188] Please refer to Figure 1 Animal manure, crop straw powder, and aerobic composting fermentation agents are mixed together, and the moisture content and pH value of the materials are adjusted. The mixture is piled up for aerobic fermentation. After the pile is heated, it is turned over to maintain the high-temperature fermentation stage. After fermentation is completed, the mixture is naturally cooled and aged. The aged material is then crushed and sieved to obtain the basic organic matrix.

[0189] Plant-derived insecticidal raw materials were mixed with water, and cellulase and pectinase were added for enzymatic hydrolysis to break down plant cell walls and release insecticidal active ingredients. The extract was obtained by filtration. The extract was heated and then dispersed with humic acid. The pH of the system was adjusted so that the humic acid and insecticidal active ingredients could combine through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form a composite colloid. A sodium silicate aqueous solution was added dropwise to the composite system, and the pH was adjusted simultaneously to ensure uniform dispersion of the sodium silicate. After the addition was complete, the pH was adjusted again to trigger the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of sodium silicate, resulting in the growth of a dense silica network shell on the surface of the composite colloidal particles, yielding a silicified composite particle suspension. Hierarchical porous biochar was oxidatively modified to increase the number of surface functional groups. The modified biochar was added to the silicified composite particle suspension, and air was removed from the micropores of the biochar under vacuum, allowing the silicified composite particles to enter the biochar channels and complete loading. After centrifugation, the precipitate was dried and pulverized to obtain the chemical insecticidal phase.

[0190] Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Paecilomyces lilacinus powder were mixed in a specific ratio and dispersed in sterile physiological saline to obtain a composite bacterial suspension. Sodium alginate was dissolved in sterile water and added to the composite bacterial suspension, then stirred until homogeneous to obtain solution A. Calcium chloride was dissolved in sterile water to obtain solution B1. Chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid solution, and the pH was adjusted to obtain solution B2. Solution A was added dropwise to solution B1, where sodium alginate and calcium ions underwent a cross-linking reaction to form gel microspheres. After filtration and washing, the gel microspheres were transferred to solution B2. Chitosan and sodium alginate formed a composite coating on the surface of the microspheres through electrostatic interaction. After washing again, wet microcapsules were obtained. The wet microcapsules were immersed in a potassium humate aqueous solution for surface modification, followed by vacuum drying to obtain the biological disease-preventing phase.

[0191] The basic organic matrix, chemical insecticide phase, and biological disease prevention phase are mixed evenly in proportion and fed into a granulator for granulation. The system temperature is controlled throughout the process. After granulation, the product is dried at low temperature and high air volume, sieved, and packaged to obtain the finished product.

[0192] The technical features described above can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features described above are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A pest-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer, characterized in that, Includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of basic organic matrix; 15-45 parts of chemical insecticide phase; 5-20 biological disease prevention samples; The chemical insecticidal phase includes graded porous biochar and silicified composite particles loaded within the graded porous biochar; the silicified composite particles include plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients, humic acid, and a silica layer coating the surfaces of the plant-derived insecticidal active ingredients and the humic acid. The biocontrol phase includes a composite microcapsule composed of sodium alginate and chitosan, and a biocontrol bacterial group embedded in the composite microcapsule; the surface of the composite microcapsule is modified with a potassium humate layer.

2. The insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the biological disease prevention phase, by relative weight, include: 2-6 parts sodium alginate, 1-4 parts chitosan, and 3-8 parts calcium chloride.

3. The insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the chemical insecticidal phase, by relative weight, include: 20-40 parts of plant-derived insecticidal raw material, 1.5-2.5 parts of humic acid, and 20-50 parts of hierarchical porous biochar; the hierarchical porous biochar has a macroporous-mesoporous hierarchical structure of 50-200 nm, and its specific surface area is ≥500 m². 2 / g.

4. The insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The basic organic matrix has a water content of ≤30% by weight, and its raw materials, by weight, include: 80-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure and 30-60 parts of crop straw powder.

5. A method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer, used to prepare the insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) Preparation of chemical insecticidal phase: The plant-derived insecticidal raw material is mixed with water, and cellulase and pectinase are added for enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction. The extract is filtered to obtain the extract. The extract is heated to 40~45℃, humic acid is added and stirred for dispersion, and dilute sodium hydroxide is added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to 6.0~6.

5. The system is stirred at a constant temperature for 1.5~2.5h for compound reaction. The temperature of the compound system is maintained at 40~45℃, and sodium silicate aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 15~25% is added dropwise. At the same time, dilute hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to maintain the pH of the system at 7.0~7.

5. After the addition is complete, dilute hydrochloric acid is added dropwise to adjust the pH of the system to 5.5-6.

0. The reaction is carried out at a constant temperature for 4-5 hours for in-situ coating reaction to obtain a silicified composite particle suspension. Graded porous biochar is added to the silicified composite particle suspension, the reaction vessel is evacuated to a gauge pressure of -0.05 to -0.08 MPa, and the mixture is stirred and adsorbed for 2-3 hours. After drying and pulverizing, a chemical insecticidal phase is obtained. (2) Preparation of the biocontrol phase: Add the biocontrol bacteria to the sodium alginate aqueous solution to obtain solution A; prepare a calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 3-8% as solution B1; dissolve chitosan in an acetic acid solution with a volume fraction of 0.5-1.5%, and add dilute sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH of the system to 5.0-5.5 to obtain solution B2; add solution A to solution B1 for solidification reaction for 25-35 min, wash, and then transfer to solution B2 for coating reaction for 15-25 min, and wash to obtain microcapsule wet product; The microcapsule wet product was soaked in a potassium humate aqueous solution with a mass percentage concentration of 0.5~1.0% for 15~25 min for modification, and then vacuum dried at ≤35℃ until the mass percentage moisture content was ≤15% to obtain the biological disease prevention phase; (3) Terminal compounding: The basic organic matrix, the chemical insecticide phase and the biological disease prevention phase are mixed in proportion and fed into the granulator. The temperature of the granulation system is controlled to be below 40℃. Low temperature drying at 35~45℃ is adopted.

6. The method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the plant-derived insecticide raw material to water is 1:2.5 to 1:10; the pH value of the enzymatic extraction is 4.5 to 5.0, the temperature is 45 to 50°C, and the reaction time is 3 to 4 hours.

7. The method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the preparation ratio of solution A is: 10-30 parts by weight of sodium alginate per 500 parts by weight of sterile water; the preparation ratio of solution B1 is: 15-40 parts by weight of calcium chloride per 500 parts by weight of sterile water; the preparation ratio of solution B2 is: 5-20 parts by weight of chitosan per 500 parts by weight of acetic acid solution.

8. The method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step (1), before adding the graded porous biochar, the graded porous biochar is pretreated: the graded porous biochar is added to a hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass percentage concentration of 4-6%, and stirred and oxidized at 40-50°C for 2.5-3.5 hours.

9. The method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step (3), the preparation method of the basic organic matrix includes: mixing livestock and poultry manure, crop straw powder and aerobic composting fermentation agent, adjusting the initial mass percentage moisture content of the mixture to 55-65% and the pH value to 6.5-7.5; building a pile for fermentation, turning the pile for the first time when the pile temperature rises to 60℃, maintaining 55-65℃ for fermentation for 7-10 days; and then naturally cooling and aging for 10-15 days.

10. The method for preparing an insect-resistant and disease-resistant bio-organic fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step (2), the biocontrol bacteria include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paecilomyces lilacinus, with a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

Images