Composite oxidizing smoke-screen agent

Abstract

The application discloses a composite oxidized smoke screen agent, which is composed of the following components and mass percentages: red phosphorus, 59.5-64; combustible agent, 14-19.2; composite oxidizing agent, 15.8-19.6; functional additive, 2.5-5.5; and adhesive, 3-6. Preferably, the combustible agent is magnesium-aluminum alloy powder, the mass percentage of the combustible agent is 17; the composite oxidizing agent is barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate, the mass percentage of the barium nitrate is 5-9, and the mass percentage of the barium nitrate is 8; the mass percentage of the potassium perchlorate is 8.6-11.5, and the mass percentage of the potassium perchlorate is 10.5; the functional additive is one or two of copper oxalate, copper oxide or copper chloride; and the mass percentage of the red phosphorus is 62% optimally. The composite oxidized smoke screen agent has good instantaneous shielding effect on visible light and infrared light, has a fast smoke forming speed, and can effectively counteract a suicide unmanned aerial vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pyrotechnics technology, and in particular, it is a composite oxidizing smoke agent that can generate a large amount of visible light and infrared light in a very short time. Background Technology

[0002] Smoke screens, as a medium that attenuates electromagnetic wave transmission across a broad spectrum, can essentially interfere with various optoelectronic devices and guided weapons that operate using visible and infrared light without discrimination. They are one of the simplest and most effective countermeasures against suicide drones carrying various detection devices.

[0003] Red phosphorus is one of the most important military smoke-generating materials. Red phosphorus smoke not only provides excellent shielding against visible light, but also significantly interferes with infrared radiation in the 3–5µm and 8–12µm range. Furthermore, experiments have verified that red phosphorus smoke screens also have good attenuation effects on infrared lasers of various wavelengths. Therefore, red phosphorus smoke screens are widely used in modern warfare, playing a crucial role in interfering with laser guidance, information transmission, and infrared reconnaissance. Regarding the characteristics of red phosphorus smoke screens in different wavelengths, experiments have shown that the mass extinction coefficient is relatively large in the 3–5µm range, indicating that the smoke screen formed in this range has good infrared resistance. This wavelength is precisely the operating band of most infrared reconnaissance and guided weapons used by major military powers. In the 8–12µm band, the infrared extinction effect of red phosphorus smoke screens is very significant; therefore, the formulation must be improved to achieve better results.

[0004] Currently, a US patent (patent number: US005522320A, patent name: LOW-TOXICITY OBSCURINGSMOKE FORMULATION, application date: Jul. 12, 1993) proposes a red phosphorus smoke agent formulated using a ratio of 55% red phosphorus, 25% manganese dioxide, 15% magnesium powder, and 5% fluororubber by mass fraction.

[0005] However, the smoke-forming time of this smoke agent is too long, resulting in poor instantaneous masking effect. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite oxidizing smoke agent that has a good instantaneous shielding effect on both visible and infrared light, and produces smoke quickly.

[0007] The technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows:

[0008] A composite oxidizing smoke agent, comprising the following components and mass percentages: red phosphorus, 59.5-64%; combustible agent, 14-19.2%; composite oxidant, 15.8-19.6%; functional additives, 2.5-5.5%; and binder, 3-6%.

[0009] Preferably, the combustible agent is magnesium-aluminum alloy powder. Most preferably, the combustible agent has a mass percentage of 17%.

[0010] Preferably, the composite oxidant is barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate. Most preferably, the mass percentage of barium nitrate is 5-9%; the mass percentage of barium nitrate is 8%.

[0011] Preferably, the mass percentage of potassium perchlorate is 8.6-11.5. Most preferably, the mass percentage of potassium perchlorate is 10.5%.

[0012] Preferably, the functional additive is one or two of copper oxalate, copper oxide, or copper chloride.

[0013] Ideally, the red phosphorus has a mass percentage of 62%.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0015] 1. Excellent shielding effect: This invention uses barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate as composite oxidants. Their combustion products, such as potassium chloride and barium oxide, are solid particles that directly enhance the scattering and absorption of infrared radiation by the smoke screen. Copper oxide, as a combustion product, has excellent extinction (absorption and scattering) properties for mid-infrared light (e.g., 3-5 μm). Simultaneously, copper oxalate, as a smoke-generating agent, decomposes during combustion to produce a large number of copper oxide particles, further increasing the infrared shielding performance of the smoke screen. Therefore, it provides excellent shielding for both visible and infrared light, reducing visible light transmittance to 0 in a short time, and achieving infrared shielding rates of over 80% across all wavelengths.

[0016] 2. Fast smoke formation: The present invention uses a composite oxidant, which greatly increases the combustion speed of red phosphorus, thereby rapidly forming smoke in a very short time, making up for the disadvantage of slow red phosphorus combustion speed, which ultimately leads to poor shielding effect in open environments;

[0017] 3. Good safety: This invention uses barium nitrate as one of the composite oxidants. Barium nitrate is a nitrate oxidant, and its thermal decomposition reaction is an endothermic reaction, which has inherent safety. Therefore, the safety of the entire agent is increased compared with single chlorate and perchlorate agents, and no violent deflagration reaction will occur. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The key point of this invention lies in the formulation of the smoke agent, which uses potassium perchlorate and barium nitrate with high mass fractions as a composite oxidant. It exhibits excellent instantaneous shielding effects against both visible and infrared light, and generates smoke rapidly. It can be used to effectively counter suicide drones carrying various detection devices.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, all materials used in the preparation process of the composite oxidizing smoke agent of this invention are commercially available, and all equipment used is conventional equipment in the field.

[0020] The composite oxidizing smoke agent of the present invention is prepared by mixing the following substances in the stated proportions:

[0021] Tobacco Components Red phosphorus 59.5~64% combustibles Magnesium aluminum alloy powder 14~19.2% Oxidizing agent 1 Oxidizing agent 2 Potassium perchlorate and barium nitrate 8.6~11.5%5~9% Functional additives Copper oxide, copper oxalate, or copper chloride 2.5~5.5% adhesives rosin 3~6%

[0022] The preparation process of the composite oxidizing smoke agent of the present invention is as follows:

[0023] 1. Measurement: Prepare a 20-gram sample for each formula, and calculate the required amount of each raw material in each formula according to the formula.

[0024] 2. Raw material pretreatment: crushing, grinding, sieving (80 mesh), and storage.

[0025] 3. Weighing: Accurately weigh the specific amount of each raw material calculated according to the measurement steps using a balance. After weighing, place the chemicals sequentially on mixing pads, separating oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Some sensitive agents should be mixed in after being mixed with desensitizing agents or fillers.

[0026] 4. Dry Mixing: Using a wooden knife, pour the oxidizer or reducing agent and other non-flammable and explosive components onto the mixing paper and mix thoroughly. Then, mix the oxidizer and reducing agent. Finally, pour the sample onto a 100-mesh sieve and gently brush it until the sample almost completely falls onto another mixing paper. Repeat this process 2-3 times until the reagents are thoroughly mixed.

[0027] 5. Wet mixing: Dissolve the adhesive in a suitable solvent, pour the adhesive solution into the dry-mixed sample, ensuring the temperature of the adhesive solution is not too high, and then press and mix with a wooden knife to form a uniform wet sample.

[0028] 6. Granulation: Transfer the wet-mixed sample to a 60-mesh sieve, gently brush it off with a brush to form granules, and place it in a cool, dry and ventilated place to allow the solvent to evaporate completely.

[0029] 7. Packing: Pack the samples into bags and affix labels.

[0030] The composite oxidizing fume agent can be obtained by following these 7 steps.

[0031] The composite oxidizing smoke agent of this invention and the red phosphorus smoke agent mentioned in the background US patent were prepared according to the above steps, and smoke box tests were conducted to compare the visible light and infrared shielding performance and combustion speed. The comparative experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0033] The composition and formulation of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 1.

[0034] The performance test results of each embodiment and comparative example are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Detection method:

[0036] Prepare 20g samples of the smoke agent and the smoke agent sample in the patent respectively. Then, ignite the 20g samples in the smoke box to generate smoke. After stirring, measure the visible light and infrared transmittance at the same time, and observe and record the data.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A smoke-generating agent was prepared by mixing barium nitrate (5.0%), potassium perchlorate (11.5%), magnesium aluminum alloy powder (19.2%), copper oxalate and copper chloride (2.5%), red phosphorus (59.5%), and rosin (3.0%) by mass fraction. The combustion time and smoke-massaging performance of the smoke-generating agent were then tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A smoke-generating agent was prepared by mixing barium nitrate (9.0%), potassium perchlorate (8.6%), magnesium aluminum alloy powder (14.0%), copper oxalate and copper oxide (5.5%), red phosphorus (64.0%), and rosin (6.0%) by mass fraction. The combustion time and smoke-massaging performance of the smoke-generating agent were then tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A smoke-generating agent was prepared by mixing barium nitrate (7.0%), potassium perchlorate (9.5%), magnesium aluminum alloy powder (18.0%), copper oxalate and copper oxide (4.0%), red phosphorus (61.0%), and rosin (5.0%) by mass fraction. The combustion time and smoke-massaging performance of the smoke-generating agent were then tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] A smoke-generating agent was prepared by mixing barium nitrate (8.0%), potassium perchlorate (10.5%), magnesium aluminum alloy powder (17.0%), copper oxide (4.0%), red phosphorus (62.0%), and rosin (4.0%) by mass fraction. The combustion time and smoke-massaging performance of the smoke-generating agent were then tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0045] Comparative example:

[0046] Red phosphorus smoke agent, US patent (patent number: US005522320A, patent name: LOW-TOXICITYOBSCURING SMOKE FORMULATION, application date: Jul. 12, 1993)

[0047] A smoke-generating agent was prepared by mixing red phosphorus (55%), manganese dioxide (25%), magnesium powder (15%), and fluororubber (5%) by mass fraction. The combustion time and smoke-massaging performance of the smoke-generating agent were tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0048] As can be seen from the test results shown in Table 2, the composite oxidizing smoke agent of the present invention has a better combustion smoke generation rate than the prior art, and has a better shielding effect on visible and infrared bands under the same combustion time. In particular, when the composition and ratio described in Example 4 are used, better shielding performance can be achieved for all infrared bands.

[0049] Table 1. Composition and proportions of the examples and comparative examples.

[0050] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example Tobacco Components Red phosphorus 59.5% Red phosphorus 64.0% Red phosphorus 61.0% Red phosphorus 62.0% Red phosphorus 51.0% combustibles Magnesium-aluminum alloy powder 19.2% Magnesium-aluminum alloy powder 14.0% Magnesium-aluminum alloy powder 18.0% Magnesium-aluminum alloy powder 17.0% Magnesium powder 15.0% Oxidizing agent Barium nitrate 5.0% Potassium perchlorate 11.5% Barium nitrate 9.0% Potassium perchlorate 8.6% Barium nitrate 7.0% Potassium perchlorate 9.5% Barium nitrate 8.0% Potassium perchlorate 10.5% Manganese dioxide 25.0% Functional additives Copper oxalate and copper oxide 2.5% Copper oxalate and copper oxide 5.5% Copper oxalate and copper oxide 4.0% Copper oxide 4.0% adhesives Rosin 3.0% Rosin 6.0% Rosin 5.0% Rosin 4.0% Fluororubber 5.0%

[0051] Table 2. Test results of combustion performance and shielding performance of the examples and comparative examples.

[0052] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example Burning time / s 7.8 8.9 8.7 6.3 53.6 Visible light transmittance / % 0 0 0 0 0 Infrared transmittance (1~2μm) / % 12 13 10 9 12 Infrared 2~3μm transmittance / % 14 12 11 9 13 Infrared transmittance (3~5μm) / % 15 15 12 12 12 Infrared transmittance (8~12μm) / % 19 21 20 19 20

Claims

1. A composite oxidizing smoke screen agent, the composition and mass percentage of which are as follows: Red phosphorus, 59.5~64; Flammable agent, 14~19.2; Composite oxidant, 15.8~19.6; Functional additives, 2.5~5.5; Adhesive, 3~6.

2. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible agent is magnesium-aluminum alloy powder.

3. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustible agent has a mass percentage content of 17%.

4. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite oxidant is barium nitrate and potassium perchlorate.

5. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage of barium nitrate is 5-9%.

6. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage of barium nitrate is 8%.

7. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage of potassium perchlorate is 8.6-11.5%.

8. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass percentage of potassium perchlorate is 10.

5.

9. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional additive is one or two of copper oxalate, copper oxide, or copper chloride.

10. The composite oxidizing smoke agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The red phosphorus has a mass percentage of 62%.