A black bright quenching oil composition and a method for preparing the same
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610963244.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-27
AI Technical Summary
[0003]现有黑色光亮型淬火油存在以下主要问题：工件淬火后表面发黑、出现黑斑或污迹，是黑色淬火油最直观也最棘手的问题
1.表面质量优异，省去后续处理:这是本申请最直接的优点。淬火后的工件表面洁净、光亮，无明显氧化皮或积碳斑点，通常可直接用于装配或进入下一道工序，能有效降低后续的喷砂、酸洗或抛丸成本。
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Figure CN122979579A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of metal heat treatment materials, and mainly to a black bright quenching oil composition and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Bright quenching oil is a key process material in the field of metal heat treatment. Its core value lies in providing the necessary cooling performance for the workpiece while maintaining the metallic luster of the quenched surface. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the requirements for the precision and surface quality of parts in industries such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, and precision machinery, bright quenching oil technology has made significant progress, but it also faces a series of technical challenges.
[0003] The main problems with existing black gloss quenching oils are as follows: The most obvious and troublesome issue is that the workpiece surface turns black after quenching, with black spots or stains appearing. At high temperatures, black gloss quenching oils produce carbon black and sludge due to thermal decomposition and oxidation. These contaminants adhere to the workpiece surface, forming a difficult-to-clean black residue that severely damages the gloss. Especially in carburizing furnaces, if carbon black produced inside the furnace enters the oil, it will first damage the workpiece's gloss. This surface contamination not only affects the appearance, but the reduced cooling rate at the black spots can also lead to the formation of abnormal structures such as bainite with lower hardness, directly resulting in product defects.
[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a black glossy quenching oil composition and its preparation method, which aims to simultaneously improve the cooling, brightening, and anti-oxidation effects of the black glossy quenching oil composition.
[0006] The technical solution of this application is as follows: A black, glossy quenching oil composition, by weight percentage, comprises the following components: base oil, 3-8% cooling accelerator, 1-3% brightener, and 0.5-2% antioxidant; The base oil includes polyalphaolefin and 100N; The cooling agent includes 0834 and FT2048; The brightener includes FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide; The antioxidants include L57, 5057, and L135.
[0007] Furthermore, by mass percentage, the cooling agent is 5-7%, the brightening agent is 1.5-2.5%, and the antioxidant is 1-1.8%.
[0008] Furthermore, the base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and 100N; The cooling agent is a mixture of 0834 and FT2048; The brightener is a compound of FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide; The antioxidant is a compound of L57, 5057, and L135.
[0009] Furthermore, the base oil is a compound of polyalphaolefin and 100N in a mass ratio of (12-20):(70-78).
[0010] Furthermore, the cooling agent is a mixture of 0834 and FT2048 in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(1-3).
[0011] Furthermore, the brightener is a compound of FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3).
[0012] Furthermore, the antioxidants are L57, 5057, and L135 compounded in a mass ratio of (7-9):(1-3):(4-6).
[0013] Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity at 40°C is 22-28 mm. 2 / s.
[0014] This application also provides a method for preparing a black glossy quenching oil composition, comprising the following steps: heating a base oil to 70±5℃, adding the remaining raw materials and mixing to obtain a black glossy quenching oil composition.
[0015] Further, the process includes the following steps: stirring the base oil and then heating it to 70±5℃; adding the cooling agent and keeping it at that temperature for 1-1.5 hours before stirring and mixing; then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing to obtain the black glossy quenching oil composition.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Excellent surface quality, eliminating the need for subsequent processing: This is the most direct advantage of this application. The surface of the quenched workpiece is clean and bright, without obvious oxide scale or carbon deposits, and can usually be used directly for assembly or proceed to the next process, effectively reducing the cost of subsequent sandblasting, pickling, or shot blasting.
[0017] 2. Good antioxidant stability and long service life: The high-temperature antioxidant selected in the formulation of this application, in synergy with other raw materials, can significantly slow down the aging of oil products.
[0018] 3. Multifunctional addition for better product performance: The specially selected brightener combination works synergistically with other raw materials to have good dispersibility, which suspends or decomposes the trace oxides generated in the oil, making them less likely to deposit on the workpiece. At the same time, it can also reduce the adhesion of sludge on the walls of the quenching tank and heat exchangers, keeping the bath surface from forming a skin. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 The images shown are actual workpieces of Examples 1, 1-3, 1-5, 1-7, 3-1, and 3-3, which were tested for brightness according to this application. Detailed Implementation
[0020] This application provides a black, glossy quenching oil composition and its preparation method. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the following provides a more detailed description. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0021] This application provides a black, bright quenching oil composition, which, by mass percentage, comprises the following components: base oil, 3-8% cooling accelerator, 1-3% brightener, 0.5-2% antioxidant, with the base oil making up the balance.
[0022] Preferred, the black glossy quenching oil composition comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: base oil, 5-7% cooling accelerator, 1.5-2.5% brightener, 1-1.8% antioxidant, with the base oil making up the balance.
[0023] Base oil: The base oil is polyalphaolefin (PAO) and 100N compounded at a mass ratio of (12-20): (70-78). This combination can better meet the surface finish requirements of the workpiece.
[0024] Furthermore, the base oil is polyalphaolefin (PAO), and 100N is blended and used in a mass ratio of 16.5:74.
[0025] The primary function of base oil in bright quenching oil is to dissolve various additives such as coolants, brighteners, and antioxidants, ensuring their uniform dispersion. Secondly, base oil determines the surface finish of the workpiece. Ordinary mineral oil contains unstable aromatic hydrocarbons, gums, and other heavy components, which will pyrolyze and coke during high-temperature quenching, directly forming carbon deposits on the workpiece surface. The aforementioned selected refined base oil, which undergoes deep hydrogenation treatment, removes substances prone to coking and has an extremely low carbon residue value, ensuring that the workpiece will appear silver-gray or grayish-white after quenching from the source.
[0026] Cooling agent: Cooling accelerator (also known as cooling agent) is the most crucial functional additive in bright quenching oil. Its main function is to regulate the cooling characteristics of the quenching oil, enabling the oil to achieve an ideal cooling curve of "rapid cooling in the high-temperature zone and slow cooling in the low-temperature zone". The cooling accelerator in this application is a compound of 0834 and FT2048 in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(1-3).
[0027] Furthermore, the cooling agent is a mixture of 0834 and FT2048 in a mass ratio of 1:2.
[0028] Brightener: The brightener is FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide compounded in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3).
[0029] Furthermore, the brightener is a mixture of FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide in a mass ratio of 3:2.
[0030] Brightener molecules possess polar groups, making them more readily adsorbed onto the workpiece surface at high temperatures than base oil molecules, forming a dense protective film. This film effectively repels aging products, gums, and carbon black from the oil, preventing them from directly contacting and depositing on the workpiece. For trace amounts of carbon black and aging products already formed in the oil, the brightener acts like a "detergent," encapsulating and dispersing them, causing them to suspend in the oil as tiny particles rather than accumulating on the workpiece surface. Simultaneously, the brightener also "encapsulates" carbon deposits, preventing them from continuing to grow into visible patches. This application specifically selects a cooling accelerator used in combination with the brightener; the former ensures rapid cooling, while the latter forms a protective film on the workpiece surface. Together, they guarantee a uniform silver-gray or grayish-white metallic luster on the workpiece surface after quenching.
[0031] Antioxidants: Antioxidants L57, 5057 and L135 are used in a mass ratio of (7-9): (1-3): (4-6).
[0032] Furthermore, the antioxidants L57, 5057, and L135 are compounded and used in a mass ratio of 8:2:5.
[0033] The specially selected combination of high-efficiency antioxidants in this application significantly improves the thermal oxidative stability of the oil and substantially reduces the formation of sludge and carbon black. This not only maintains the clarity of the oil itself, but more importantly, ensures that the workpiece retains a clean and bright surface even after long-term use, avoiding gloss degradation caused by oil aging.
[0034] This application also provides a method for preparing a black glossy quenching oil composition, comprising the following steps: first, adding base oil and stirring thoroughly, then heating the base oil to 70±5℃; then adding a cooling accelerator, keeping it at that temperature for 1-1.5h and stirring thoroughly; then adding a brightener and an antioxidant and stirring thoroughly until all the raw materials are dissolved to obtain a black glossy quenching oil composition.
[0035] The present application will be further described below through specific embodiments.
[0036] The sources of some of the raw materials are as follows: 10# White Oil: Maoming Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
[0037] 60N, 150N: CNOOC Huizhou Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
[0038] 500N: Shenzhen Zhongji Petrochemical Co., Ltd.
[0039] No. 4 lubricating oil base oil, 100N: Panjin Northern Asphalt Co., Ltd.
[0040] Polyalphaolefin (PAO): ExxonMobil Chemicals.
[0041] LZ5941S: Lubrizol.
[0042] PIB 32: Brasken.
[0043] 0834: Kendex.
[0044] 5095: Shandong Shenxian Ruisen Petroleum Resin Co., Ltd.
[0045] FT2048, FT6028, Imidazolinone Oleate: Nanjing Flormon Technology Co., Ltd.
[0046] Terpene resin T-120: Shenzhen Yunlin Chemical Co., Ltd.
[0047] Polyisobutylene succinimide: Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.
[0048] L57, L135, Irgament 39: BASF.
[0049] 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: Jinzhou Xinxing Petroleum Additives Co., Ltd.
[0050] The preparation method of the black bright quenching oil composition includes the following steps: first, add base oil and stir thoroughly; then heat the oil to 70±5℃, add a cooling accelerator and keep it warm for 1-1.5h, then stir thoroughly; then add brightener and antioxidant and stir thoroughly until all raw materials are dissolved.
[0051] The performance testing method for black glossy quenching oil is as follows: (1) Viscosity test method: Refer to GB / T 265; (2) Cooling rate test method: Refer to JB / T 7951; (3) Rotating oxygen bomb test method: Refer to SH / T 0193-2008; (4) Brightness test method: Refer to SH / T 0564.
[0052] Example 1: Black glossy quenching oil compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-7, the components of which are shown in Table 1.
[0053] Table 1
[0054] The kinematic viscosity results at 40℃ are shown in Table 2 below.
[0055] Table 2
[0056] As shown in Table 2, the kinematic viscosity of the black, bright quenching oil composition prepared using No. 10 white oil, 60N, 100N, 150N, 500N, No. 4 lubricating oil base oil, and PAO at 40℃ was tested, and the viscosity of the sample at 40℃ was between 20-70 mmHg. 2 The kinematic viscosity of the black glossy quenching oil composition sample provided in this application is controlled between 22-28 mm / s, with significant fluctuations between these ranges. 2 / s.
[0057] The kinematic viscosity of the black glossy quenching oil composition was controlled at 22-28 mm. 2The core objective of this viscosity range is to achieve the optimal balance between cooling performance, gloss, and process stability, while systematically addressing the two major challenges of surface blackening and substandard microstructure. This viscosity is moderately low, allowing for the formation of a stable oil film in the high-temperature zone, reducing the thermal shock gradient and minimizing the risk of deformation and cracking; while in the low-temperature zone, it does not excessively hinder heat transfer, ensuring a sufficient cooling rate to achieve the target martensitic hardness. Addressing the most challenging issues of surface blackening and black spots in black glossy oils, this viscosity range results in a thinner oil film upon discharge, significantly reducing the amount of carbon black and sludge carried away, thus lowering the probability of black spot formation at the source. Simultaneously, the moderate viscosity avoids two extremes: excessively low viscosity leading to localized dry burning and increased carbon production, and excessively high viscosity resulting in an overly thick oil film that adsorbs large amounts of carbon black within the furnace. Under this window, specially selected antioxidants can more effectively inhibit high-temperature oxidation and reduce the total amount of carbon black generated; specific combinations of brighteners spread more evenly in thinner oil films, preventing residual carbon black from contacting the workpiece surface and maintaining gloss; and preferred cooling accelerators ensure consistent cooling rates across all parts, preventing the formation of abnormal structures such as bainite in areas with black spots due to slow cooling. This application anchors the viscosity bulk through a preferred base oil combination, prevents viscosity drift during use with antioxidants, and ensures consistent cooling characteristics and appearance over long-term use by having brighteners and cooling accelerators work synergistically.
[0058] The workpieces of Examples 1, 1-3, 1-5, and 1-7, which underwent gloss testing, are as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the comparison, the gloss of Example 1 is significantly better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3, 1-5, and 1-7.
[0059] Example 1: Black glossy quenching oil compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5, the composition of which is shown in Table 3.
[0060] Table 3
[0061] The results of the cooling rate test and gloss test of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2-1 to 2-5 are shown in Table 4 below.
[0062] Table 4
[0063] According to JB / T 7951, the cooling curve of the quenching oil was determined using the silver probe method. The characteristic temperature (the temperature corresponding to the maximum cooling rate), the maximum cooling rate, and the cooling rate at 300℃ were recorded. The silver probe used for the test was φ10mm×50mm. After being heated to 850℃, it was quickly immersed in the quenching oil to be tested, and the temperature change curve was recorded throughout the process. The results are shown in Table 4. According to the test data in Table 4, Example 1 significantly outperforms the comparative example in all aspects, indicating that this application provides a black, bright quenching oil composition with fast cooling rate and good gloss.
[0064] Example 1: The black glossy quenching oil compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-5 are shown in Table 5 below.
[0065] Table 5
[0066] The gloss results of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3-1 to 3-5 are shown in Table 6 below.
[0067] Table 6
[0068] Heat the test piece to 850℃, hold it at that temperature for 30 minutes, then immerse it in the quenching oil to be tested for quenching. After cooling, observe the surface gloss of the test piece. The brighter the workpiece, the better its gloss.
[0069] Workpieces from Example 1, Comparative Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-3, as tested for glossiness, are shown below. Figure 1 As shown, it is clear that the workpieces of Comparative Example 3-1 and Comparative Example 3-3 have blackened ends, while the workpiece of Example 1 has a more uniform and glossy finish.
[0070] According to the test results in Table 6, although the glossiness of Example 1, Comparative Example 3-1, and Comparative Example 3-3 is all at level 1, combined with... Figure 1 It can be seen that Example 1 exhibits the best gloss. This indicates that the 3:2 ratio of FT6028 to polyisobutylene succinimide not only provides good gloss but also effectively suspends aging products in the oil during use, further synergistically enhancing the gloss performance.
[0071] Example 1: Black glossy quenching oil compositions prepared in Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-6, the components of which are shown in Table 7.
[0072] Table 7
[0073] The antioxidant results of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 4-1 to 4-6 are shown in Table 8 below.
[0074] Table 8
[0075] As can be seen from Table 8, the antioxidant properties of the samples prepared by adding different types of antioxidants are different. The black glossy quenching oil composition prepared by using a specific combination of L57, 5057 and L135 has the best antioxidant properties.
[0076] In summary, the core advantage of this application lies not in the outstanding performance of any single component, but in the deep synergy of base oil, antioxidant, brightener, and cooling accelerator within a medium to low viscosity window. The specially selected base oil combination anchors the kinematic viscosity within a suitable range, providing a stable working platform for the other components—too high a viscosity results in poor brightener dispersion and slow cooling accelerator response, while too low a viscosity leads to insufficient antioxidant retention and unstable oil film coverage. Only this viscosity window allows all four components to perform efficiently. On this platform, the antioxidant inhibits high-temperature oxidation and carbon production at the source, significantly reducing the total amount of carbon black and sludge in the oil, directly alleviating the burden on the brightener and cooling accelerator; the brightener, compounded in a specific ratio, spreads evenly in a thin oil film to form a bright film, both isolating residual carbon black from contact with the workpiece and, through its dispersibility, suspending aging products, conversely reducing the consumption rate of the antioxidant; the cooling accelerator ensures uniform cooling, preventing the formation of abnormal structures such as bainite at black spots due to uneven local cooling. The four components form a closed-loop synergy: base oil controls viscosity, antioxidants reduce contamination, brighteners prevent adhesion, and cooling agents ensure uniformity. If any component deviates from the optimal ratio, the overall effect will decrease significantly. This is the fundamental reason why Example 1 of this application has the best brightness and comprehensive performance compared to the comparative examples.
[0077] It should be understood that the application of this application is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A black, glossy quenching oil composition, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it includes the following components: base oil, 3-8% cooling accelerator, 1-3% brightener, and 0.5-2% antioxidant; The base oil includes polyalphaolefin and 100N; The cooling agent includes 0834 and FT2048; The brightener includes FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide; The antioxidants include L57, 5057, and L135.
2. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling agent comprises 5-7% by weight, the brightening agent comprises 1.5-2.5%, and the antioxidant comprises 1-1.8%.
3. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil is a blend of polyalphaolefin and 100N; The cooling agent is a mixture of 0834 and FT2048; The brightener is a compound of FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide; The antioxidant is a compound of L57, 5057, and L135.
4. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oil is a compound of polyalphaolefin and 100N in a mass ratio of (12-20):(70-78).
5. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling agent is a mixture of 0834 and FT2048 in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(1-3).
6. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The brightener is a compound of FT6028 and polyisobutylene diimide in a mass ratio of (2-4):(1-3).
7. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidants are L57, 5057 and L135 in a mass ratio of (7-9):(1-3):(4-6).
8. The black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The kinematic viscosity at 40℃ is 22-28 mm. 2 / s.
9. A method for preparing a black glossy quenching oil composition according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: heating the base oil to 70±5℃, adding the remaining raw materials and mixing to obtain a black glossy quenching oil composition.
10. The method for preparing the black glossy quenching oil composition according to claim 9, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: stirring the base oil and then heating it to 70±5℃; adding the cooling agent and keeping it at that temperature for 1-1.5 hours before stirring and mixing; then adding the remaining raw materials and mixing to obtain the black glossy quenching oil composition.