A reaction apparatus for hydrometallurgy

Abstract

The application is suitable for the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and provides a reaction device for hydrometallurgy, which comprises a reaction tank body, a tank cover, a feeding pipe, a discharging pipe, three annular closed seats and a stirring mechanism, the three annular closed seats divide the inner cavity of the reaction tank body into upper, middle and lower reaction zones from top to bottom, and the reaction device further comprises a multi-station sampling mechanism, which is composed of a linkage driving control mechanism, a sampling mechanism, a collecting mechanism and a connecting mechanism; through the cooperative matching of the linkage driving control mechanism, the stirring mechanism and the connecting mechanism, the sampling mechanisms in each reaction zone can synchronously complete the extraction of the ore slurry, and the extracted ore slurry samples are uniformly or individually discharged into the collecting mechanism, so that the samples in different reaction zones are taken from the same reaction moment, the time difference problem existing in time sequence sampling is fundamentally eliminated, the systematic deviation of the sampling under the dynamic reaction system is avoided, and the contemporaneous comparability and detection accuracy of the stratified concentration data are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrometallurgical technology, and particularly relates to a reaction apparatus for hydrometallurgical processes. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrometallurgy is a metallurgical technology that uses chemical reactions in aqueous solutions to extract and separate metals from ores, concentrates, or secondary metallurgical materials. It offers significant advantages such as high metal recovery rates, low environmental impact, and suitability for handling low-grade, complex materials. Core reaction units, including leaching, displacement, and neutralization, are often implemented in vertical stirred tanks. During the hydrometallurgical reaction process, parameters such as the slurry solids concentration, target metal ion concentration, pH value, and particle size distribution in each reaction zone are crucial for process control. The accuracy and synchronicity of sampling and testing directly determine the metal recovery rate and product quality stability.

[0003] Existing hydrometallurgical reaction devices include vertical reaction tanks, which are divided into multiple independent reaction chambers from top to bottom by multiple horizontal baffles. A stirring shaft runs through each reaction chamber at the center, with stirring blades mounted on the shaft corresponding to each reaction chamber. Sampling pipes with manual valves are installed on the side walls of the tank for each reaction chamber. The slurry enters from the feed inlet at the top of the tank and overflows from top to bottom to complete the multi-stage countercurrent leaching reaction. The stirring shaft drives the blades in each layer to rotate synchronously, ensuring uniform solid-liquid mixing of the slurry in each reaction chamber. During process monitoring, the operator sequentially opens the valves of each sampling pipe to obtain slurry samples from the corresponding layer. However, existing devices still have certain technical shortcomings in practical applications:

[0004] Firstly, existing multilayer sampling technologies generally adopt a time-sequential sampling mode of sampling point by point. Whether it is manual valve opening sampling or automatic sampling by electric valve, there is a time difference of several seconds to tens of seconds in the collection process of samples from different layers. However, hydrometallurgical reaction is a dynamic and continuous mass transfer reaction process. The slurry concentration, ion content and pH value in the tank change continuously with the reaction process. The time difference means that samples from different layers are not taken from the same reaction time. The conclusions on concentration gradient, reaction rate and stratification reaction effect derived from the misaligned data have systematic biases and cannot truly reflect the actual state of the stratification reaction in the tank.

[0005] Secondly, existing stratified sampling methods mostly employ exposed straight pipe structures that protrude from the tank wall. The sampling port is directly exposed to the circumferential swirling flow generated by stirring, which has inherent drawbacks in two aspects: On the one hand, the centrifugal effect generated by the high-speed swirling flow will throw denser solid particles away from the sampling port area, resulting in the solid-to-slurry ratio entering the sampling pipe being significantly lower than the true value within the layer; on the other hand, the sampling pipe protruding from the tank wall will block the swirling flow field, forming a stable vortex dead zone on the back flow side of the pipe, causing insufficient mixing and reaction lag in the local slurry, reducing the overall reaction mixing efficiency, and exacerbating local concentration deviations.

[0006] Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop a reaction device for hydrometallurgy to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a reaction device for hydrometallurgy to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus includes a reaction vessel, a lid fixed to the top of the reaction vessel, a feed pipe fixed to the lid and extending into the interior of the reaction vessel, and a discharge pipe fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel. Three annular sealing seats are vertically and equidistantly fixed inside the reaction vessel. These three annular sealing seats cooperate with the inner wall of the bottom of the reaction vessel, dividing the internal cavity of the reaction vessel into an upper reaction zone, a middle reaction zone, and a lower reaction zone from top to bottom. A closed chamber is formed between the inner side of the three annular sealing seats and the inner wall of the reaction vessel. A stirring mechanism is coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the lid. The stirring section of the stirring mechanism extends into the reaction vessel and is located in the upper, middle, and lower reaction zones, respectively. The apparatus also includes:

[0010] The multi-station sampling mechanism consists of a linkage drive control mechanism, a sampling mechanism, a collection mechanism, and a connecting mechanism. The sampling mechanisms are circumferentially distributed in a closed chamber. The bottom of the sampling end of the sampling mechanism is flush with the sampling holes circumferentially distributed at equal intervals on the bottom of the annular closed seat. The discharge end of the sampling mechanism extends to the outside of the reaction tank through the discharge pipe holes circumferentially distributed at equal intervals on the reaction tank. The collection mechanism is located outside the reaction tank and is connected to the discharge ends of the sampling mechanisms in different reaction zones. The sampling mechanism located in the middle reaction zone is rigidly connected to the sampling mechanisms located in the upper and lower reaction zones respectively through the connecting mechanism.

[0011] The linkage drive and control mechanisms are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction tank. The circumferential distribution position and number of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are the same as those of the sampling mechanism. The power input ends of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are all connected to the power output ends of the stirring mechanism. The power output ends of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are rigidly connected to the power input ends of the sampling mechanism located in the upper reaction zone.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the sampling mechanism includes a sampling tube and an extraction component. The sampling tubes are circumferentially distributed in the closed chamber of the annular closed seat. The sampling end of the sampling tube cooperates with the sampling hole. The discharge end of the sampling tube extends to the outside of the reaction vessel and is connected to the collection mechanism. The extraction component is vertically slidably installed in the sampling tube. One end of the extraction component is vertically slidably and sealed to the top of the annular closed seat and is connected to the connecting mechanism and the linkage drive control mechanism respectively. The other end of the extraction component is vertically slidably and sealed to the bottom of the annular closed seat and is rigidly connected to the extraction component on the adjacent annular closed seat through the connecting mechanism.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the sampling tube body includes a sampling main tube, a sampling inlet tube, a sampling outlet tube, and a connecting secondary tube. The sampling main tube is vertically assembled in a closed chamber. The sampling inlet tube and the sampling outlet tube are respectively provided on the lower part of the side wall of the sampling main tube. The end of the sampling inlet tube is matched with the sampling hole. The end of the sampling outlet tube is connected to the connecting secondary tube. One end of the connecting secondary tube extends to the outside of the reaction vessel and is connected to the collection mechanism. An extraction component is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling main tube.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the extraction component includes a cylindrical valve core, an annular groove, sealing rings, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, and a return spring. The cylindrical valve core is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling main tube. An annular groove is formed in the middle of the cylindrical valve core, which is used to connect the inner ports of the sampling inlet tube and the sampling outlet tube. Three sets of sealing rings are axially distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical valve core. The two sets of sealing rings at the top are used to seal the annular groove, and the two sets of sealing rings at the bottom are used to seal the inner ports of the sampling inlet tube and the sampling outlet tube. The cylindrical valve core is coaxially fixed to an upper connecting rod at its top. The upper connecting rod is vertically slidably sealed to the top of the annular sealing seat. The upper connecting rod is connected to both the linkage drive control mechanism and the connecting mechanism. The cylindrical valve core is coaxially fixed to a lower connecting rod at its bottom. The lower connecting rod is vertically slidably sealed to the bottom of the annular sealing seat. The lower connecting rod is rigidly connected to the upper connecting rod on the adjacent annular sealing seat via the connecting mechanism. A return spring is sleeved on the outer side of the lower connecting rod. The two ends of the return spring abut against the bottom of the cylindrical valve core and the bottom of the sampling main pipe, respectively.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a limiting protrusion is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the upper connecting rod, and the limiting protrusion abuts against the inner wall of the top of the sampling tube.

[0016] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the connecting mechanism includes a telescopic sleeve, a telescopic plate and a locking hole. The fixed end of the telescopic sleeve is coaxially fixed to the end of the upper connecting rod. The telescopic end of the telescopic sleeve is vertically slidably engaged with one end of the telescopic plate. The other end of the telescopic plate is coaxially fixed to the lower connecting rod. The telescopic sleeve and the telescopic plate are axially equidistantly distributed with corresponding locking holes.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the linkage drive control mechanism includes an annular seat, a rotating shaft seat, a linkage shaft, a secondary bevel gear, a primary bevel gear, a linkage cam, and a linkage slide column. The annular seat is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction tank. Rotating shaft seats corresponding to the sampling mechanisms are distributed circumferentially at equal intervals on the annular seat. A linkage shaft is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft seat along the radial direction of the stirring mechanism. A secondary bevel gear is coaxially fixed at one end of the linkage shaft. The secondary bevel gear meshes with the primary bevel gear coaxially fixed on the stirring mechanism. A linkage cam is eccentrically fixed at the other end of the linkage shaft. The outer edge contour surface of the linkage cam is slidably connected to the top of the linkage slide column. The linkage slide column is vertically slidably mounted on the annular seat, and the bottom of the linkage slide column is coaxially fixed to the upper connecting rod of the sampling mechanism in the upper reaction zone.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor, a stirring shaft and stirring blades. The stirring motor is fixed on the inner wall of the tank cover. The output end of the stirring motor is coaxially connected to the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is coaxially arranged inside the reaction tank. One end of the stirring shaft is coaxially connected to a main bevel gear. Stirring blades corresponding to the three reaction zones are axially distributed on the outer wall of the stirring shaft.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the collection mechanism includes an annular collection pipe, a connecting main pipe, a collection branch pipe, a switch valve, a collection main pipe, and a cleaning pipe. The annular collection pipe is obliquely arranged around the outside of the reaction vessel. The pipe body of the annular collection pipe maintains a fixed inclination angle along the circumference and forms a high end and a low end. Connecting main pipes of different vertical heights are distributed circumferentially on the top of the annular collection pipe. The connecting main pipe is connected to the connecting secondary pipe on the same annular sealing seat. The low end of the annular collection pipe is laterally connected to the collection branch pipe. Each collection branch pipe is connected in series with an independent switch valve. All collection branch pipes corresponding to the three-layer reaction zone are connected to the same collection main pipe. The lower end of the collection main pipe is the sample collection end. A cleaning pipe is installed on the top of the collection main pipe and is connected to an external cleaning system.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the end faces of the annular sealing seat that are vertically slidably connected to the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod respectively are preferably designed as inclined flow guiding end faces, and sealing gaskets are symmetrically embedded at the assembly connection between the inner outer edge of the annular sealing seat and the inner wall of the reaction vessel.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] Through the coordinated operation of the linkage drive control mechanism, stirring mechanism and connecting mechanism, the sampling mechanism in each reaction zone can simultaneously extract the slurry in the corresponding reaction zone and discharge the extracted slurry sample into the collection mechanism. Since all sampling mechanisms adopt a rigid linkage integrated drive, the start time, sampling duration and stop time of the sampling action in the three reaction zones are completely consistent, ensuring that the samples in different reaction zones are taken from the exact same reaction time, fundamentally eliminating the time difference problem in sequential sampling, avoiding systematic deviation of the sampling system under dynamic reaction system, and significantly improving the comparability and detection accuracy of the stratified concentration data.

[0023] Furthermore, during the sampling process, the sampling end of the sampling mechanism remains flush with the bottom surface of the sampling hole, which can prevent the sampling component from extending into the reaction area and will not obstruct or disturb the stirring flow field in each layer of the reaction zone. This avoids the eddy dead zone and local flow field disturbance caused by the sampling component, ensuring that the reaction state during sampling is completely consistent with the normal operation state, and the sampling results are more authentic and representative.

[0024] The collection mechanism can output a comprehensive sample after mixing from each reaction zone, which can be used to analyze and evaluate the overall reaction state of the slurry in the reaction tank. It can also output a stratified sample from a designated reaction zone, which can be used to analyze and evaluate the slurry concentration gradient in different reaction zones, and obtain multi-dimensional sample detection data. This simplifies the sampling operation process, expands the applicable scenarios of the device, significantly improves the efficiency of sampling and detection and data support capabilities, and solves the technical problems of poor synchronization, single function and insufficient data reference value of existing multi-layer sampling devices.

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of a hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of a hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A structural sectional view.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Structural assembly diagram of the internal structure of the reaction tank and the collection mechanism.

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the collection mechanism.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure of a single annular closed seat and its components.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure of a single sampling mechanism.

[0033] Figure 8 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Exploded view of the sampling mechanism.

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of the central column valve core.

[0036] Figure 11 for Figure 4 Assembly diagram of the mixing mechanism and the linkage drive control mechanism.

[0037] Figure 12 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point B.

[0038] Reference numerals: 110-Reaction vessel body, 120-Tank cover, 130-Infeed pipe, 140-Discharge pipe, 150-Pipe outlet, 200-Collection mechanism, 210-Annular collection pipe, 220-Main connecting pipe, 230-Collection branch pipe, 240-Switch valve, 250-Main collection pipe, 260-Cleaning pipe, 300-Stirring mechanism, 310-Stirring motor, 320-Stirring shaft, 330-Stirring blade, 400-Linkage drive mechanism, 410-Annular seat, 420-Rotating shaft seat, 430-Linkage shaft, 440-Secondary bevel gear, 450-Main bevel gear, 460 - Linkage cam, 470 - Linkage slide column, 500 - Annular closed seat, 510 - Sampling hole, 520 - Sealing gasket, 600 - Sampling mechanism, 610 - Sampling tube body, 611 - Sampling main tube, 612 - Sampling inlet tube, 613 - Sampling outlet tube, 614 - Connecting secondary tube, 620 - Extraction assembly, 621 - Columnar valve core, 622 - Annular groove, 623 - Sealing ring, 624 - Upper connecting rod, 625 - Lower connecting rod, 626 - Return spring, 627 - Limiting protrusion, 700 - Connecting mechanism, 710 - Telescopic sleeve, 720 - Telescopic plate, 730 - Locking hole. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0040] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 12 As shown, a hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus provided as an embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction tank 110, a tank cover 120 fixed to the top of the reaction tank 110, a feed pipe 130 fixed to the tank cover 120 and extending into the interior of the reaction tank 110, and a discharge pipe 140 fixed to the bottom of the reaction tank 110. Three annular sealing seats 500 are vertically and equidistantly fixed inside the reaction tank 110. The three annular sealing seats 500 cooperate with the inner wall of the bottom of the reaction tank 110, dividing the inner cavity of the reaction tank 110 from top to bottom into an upper reaction zone, a middle reaction zone, and a lower reaction zone. A closed chamber is formed between the inner side of the three annular sealing seats 500 and the inner wall of the reaction tank 110. A stirring mechanism 300 is coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the tank cover 120. The stirring section of the stirring mechanism 300 extends into the reaction tank 110 and is located in the upper, middle, and lower reaction zones, respectively. The apparatus also includes:

[0042] A multi-station sampling mechanism is provided, comprising a linkage drive and control mechanism 400, a sampling mechanism 600, a collection mechanism 200, and a connecting mechanism 700. The sampling mechanisms 600 are circumferentially equidistantly distributed within a closed chamber. The bottom of the sampling end of the sampling mechanism 600 is flush with the sampling holes 510 circumferentially equidistantly opened at the bottom of the annular closed seat 500. The discharge end of the sampling mechanism 600 extends to the outside of the reaction tank 110 through the discharge pipe holes 150 circumferentially equidistantly opened at the outside of the reaction tank 110. The collection mechanism 200 is located outside the reaction tank 110 and is connected to the discharge ends of the sampling mechanisms 600 in different reaction zones. The sampling mechanism 600 located in the middle reaction zone is rigidly connected to the sampling mechanisms 600 located in the upper and lower reaction zones respectively through the connecting mechanism 700.

[0043] The linkage drive and control mechanism 400 is circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction tank 110. The circumferential distribution position and number of the linkage drive and control mechanism 400 and the sampling mechanism 600 are the same. The power input end of the multiple linkage drive and control mechanisms 400 is connected to the power output end of the stirring mechanism 300. The power output end of the multiple linkage drive and control mechanisms 400 is rigidly connected to the power input end of the sampling mechanism 600 located in the upper reaction zone.

[0044] During the operation of the device, while the stirring mechanism 300 synchronously rotates and stirs the slurry in each reaction zone, it can drive all the sampling mechanisms 600 in the upper reaction zone to work synchronously through the linkage drive and control mechanism 400. The sampling mechanism 600 in the upper reaction zone can drive the sampling mechanisms 600 in the middle and lower reaction zones to work through the connecting mechanism 700, so as to achieve synchronous operation of all the sampling mechanisms 600 in the three reaction zones.

[0045] The sampling mechanism 600 in each reaction zone can simultaneously extract the slurry in the corresponding reaction zone and discharge the extracted slurry sample into the collection mechanism 200. Since all sampling mechanisms 600 adopt a rigid linkage integrated drive, the start time, sampling duration and stop time of the sampling action in the three reaction zones are completely consistent, ensuring that the samples in different reaction zones are taken from the exact same reaction time, fundamentally eliminating the time difference problem in sequential sampling, avoiding systematic deviation of the sampling system under dynamic reaction system, and significantly improving the comparability and detection accuracy of the stratified concentration data.

[0046] Furthermore, during the sampling process, the sampling end of the sampling mechanism 600 and the bottom surface of the sampling hole 510 remain flush, which can prevent the sampling component from extending into the reaction area and will not obstruct or disturb the stirring flow field in each layer of the reaction area. This avoids the eddy dead zone and local flow field disturbance caused by the sampling component, ensuring that the reaction state during sampling is completely consistent with the normal operation state, and the sampling results are more authentic and representative.

[0047] The collection mechanism 200 can output a comprehensive sample after mixing from each reaction zone, which is used to analyze and evaluate the overall reaction state of the slurry in the reaction tank 110. It can also output a stratified sample from a designated reaction zone, which is used to analyze and evaluate the slurry concentration gradient in different reaction zones, and obtain multi-dimensional sample detection data. This simplifies the sampling operation process, expands the applicable scenarios of the device, significantly improves the efficiency of sampling and detection and data support capabilities, and solves the technical problems of poor synchronization, single function and insufficient data reference value of existing multi-layer sampling devices.

[0048] like Figures 3 to 10As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sampling mechanism 600 includes a sampling tube 610 and an extraction component 620. The sampling tubes 610 are circumferentially equidistantly distributed within the closed chamber of the annular sealing seat 500. The sampling end of the sampling tube 610 cooperates with the sampling hole 510, and the discharge end of the sampling tube 610 extends to the outside of the reaction vessel 110 and is connected to the collection mechanism 200. The extraction component 620 is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling tube 610. One end of the extraction component 620 is vertically slidably and sealed to the top of the annular sealing seat 500 and is connected to the connecting mechanism 700 and the linkage drive control mechanism 400 respectively. The other end of the extraction component 620 is vertically slidably and sealed to the bottom of the annular sealing seat 500 and is rigidly connected to the extraction component 620 on the adjacent annular sealing seat 500 through the connecting mechanism 700.

[0049] The sampling tube body 610 includes a sampling main tube 611, a sampling inlet tube 612, a sampling outlet tube 613, and a connecting secondary tube 614. The sampling main tube 611 is vertically assembled in a closed chamber. The sampling inlet tube 612 and the sampling outlet tube 613 are respectively provided on the lower part of the side wall of the sampling main tube 611. The end of the sampling inlet tube 612 is engaged with the sampling hole 510. The end of the sampling outlet tube 613 is connected to the connecting secondary tube 614. One end of the connecting secondary tube 614 extends to the outside of the reaction vessel 110 and is connected to the collection mechanism 200. An extraction component 620 is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling main tube 611.

[0050] During the operation of the stirring mechanism 300, the rotational power of the linkage drive control mechanism 400 is converted into axial reciprocating driving force, which synchronously drives the extraction components 620 of all sampling mechanisms 600 in the upper reaction zone to slide vertically back and forth along the sampling main pipe 611. The extraction components 620 in the upper reaction zone transmit the reciprocating motion rigidly and synchronously to the extraction components 620 in the middle and lower reaction zones through the connecting mechanism 700, so that all extraction components 620 in the three reaction zones maintain completely synchronized lifting and lowering movements without phase difference or time difference, and complete one volumetric sampling in one cycle.

[0051] As the extraction component 620 slides downward, it connects the sampling inlet pipe 612 and the sampling outlet pipe 613, allowing the slurry in each reaction zone to enter the sampling inlet pipe 612 under the pressure of the tank. The sampling outlet pipe 613 then transports the slurry through the extraction component 620 to the sampling outlet pipe 613, which in turn transports the slurry to the collection mechanism 200 via the connecting secondary pipe 614, thus completing the synchronous sampling of the slurry in each reaction zone. As the extraction component 620 slides upward, it gradually reduces the connection area between the sampling inlet pipe 612 and the sampling outlet pipe 613, thereby reducing the flow rate of the slurry until the sampling inlet pipe 612 and the sampling outlet pipe 613 are completely sealed and isolated, thus completing a single sampling cycle.

[0052] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the extraction assembly 620 includes a cylindrical valve core 621, an annular groove 622, a sealing ring 623, an upper connecting rod 624, a lower connecting rod 625, and a return spring 626. The cylindrical valve core 621 is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling main tube 611. The annular groove 622 is formed in the middle of the cylindrical valve core 621. The annular groove 622 is used to connect the inner ports of the sampling inlet tube 612 and the sampling outlet tube 613. Three sets of sealing rings 623 are axially distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical valve core 621. The two sets of sealing rings 623 located at the top are used to seal the annular groove 622, and the two sets of sealing rings 623 located at the bottom are used to seal the inner ports of the sampling inlet tube 612 and the sampling outlet tube 613. For sealing, an upper connecting rod 624 is coaxially fixed to the top of the cylindrical valve core 621. The upper connecting rod 624 is vertically slidably sealed to the top of the annular sealing seat 500. The upper connecting rod 624 is connected to the linkage drive control mechanism 400 and the connecting mechanism 700 respectively. A lower connecting rod 625 is coaxially fixed to the bottom of the cylindrical valve core 621. The lower connecting rod 625 is vertically slidably sealed to the bottom of the annular sealing seat 500. The lower connecting rod 625 is rigidly connected to the upper connecting rod 624 on the adjacent annular sealing seat 500 through the connecting mechanism 700. A return spring 626 is sleeved on the outside of the lower connecting rod 625. The two ends of the return spring 626 abut against the bottom of the cylindrical valve core 621 and the bottom of the sampling main pipe 611 respectively.

[0053] A limiting protrusion 627 is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the upper connecting rod 624. The limiting protrusion 627 abuts against the inner wall of the top of the sampling main tube 611. When the cylindrical valve core 621 moves upward to the upper stop point, the limiting protrusion 627 abuts against the inner wall of the top of the sampling main tube 611, precisely limiting the upward stroke of the cylindrical valve core 621. This ensures that the two sets of sealing rings 623 at the bottom of the cylindrical valve core 621 are precisely aligned and completely seal the inner ports of the sampling inlet tube 612 and the sampling outlet tube 613, ensuring the consistency and reliability of the sealing position of each layer of extraction components 620.

[0054] When there is no sampling action, the spring force of the reset spring 626 pushes the cylindrical valve core 621 to remain stably at the upper stop position. At this time, the two sets of sealing rings 623 at the lower part of the cylindrical valve core 621 respectively block the inner ports of the sampling inlet pipe 612 and the sampling outlet pipe 613, completely cutting off the sampling passage, and the slurry in the reaction zone cannot enter the sampling channel; at the same time, the two sets of sealing rings 623 at the upper part form an auxiliary sealing barrier to prevent the slurry from leaking upward along the gap between the valve core and the pipe wall. The double sealing structure ensures no leakage and no cross-contamination in the non-sampling state, and each reaction zone maintains an independent reaction environment without interference.

[0055] During sampling, the linkage drive mechanism 400 converts rotational power into synchronous downward linear driving force, synchronously pushing the upper connecting rods 624 of all upper-layer extraction components 620 in the upper reaction zone downward, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 626, and driving the cylindrical valve core 621 to smoothly descend along the sampling main pipe 611; the lower connecting rod 625 of the upper extraction component 620, through the connecting mechanism 700, rigidly transmits the downward movement without delay or deviation to the upper connecting rod 624 of the middle extraction component 620, and then synchronously transmits it from the middle layer to the lower extraction component 620, ultimately causing the cylindrical valve cores 621 of all three extraction components 620 to slide downward synchronously; as the cylindrical valve core 621 descends to the conduction position, its annular conduction groove aligns with the sampling inlet pipe 611. The inner ports of sampling pipe 612 and sampling outlet pipe 613 form a complete connected sampling channel through an annular guide groove. At this time, the slurry in each reaction zone flows into the annular guide groove through sampling hole 510 and sampling inlet pipe 612 under the action of static pressure in the tank, and then is smoothly transported to the sample collection mechanism 200 outside the tank through sampling outlet pipe 613 and connecting secondary pipe 614. Since the valve cores of all layers descend to their positions synchronously, the sampling channels of each layer are simultaneously connected, and the sampling start time is completely consistent, with no time difference. This ensures that the samples from different reaction zones are taken from the exact same reaction time, fundamentally eliminating the time difference problem in sequential sampling, avoiding systematic deviations in sampling under dynamic reaction systems, and significantly improving the comparability and detection accuracy of stratified concentration data.

[0056] like Figures 3 to 10 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connecting mechanism 700 includes a telescopic sleeve 710, a telescopic plate 720, and a locking hole 730. The fixed end of the telescopic sleeve 710 is coaxially fixed to the end of the upper connecting rod 624. The telescopic end of the telescopic sleeve 710 is vertically slidably engaged with one end of the telescopic plate 720. The other end of the telescopic plate 720 is coaxially fixed to the lower connecting rod 625. The telescopic sleeve 710 and the telescopic plate 720 are axially equidistantly distributed with corresponding locking holes 730.

[0057] Based on the actual interlayer spacing between two adjacent annular closed seats 500 and the initial position requirements of the extraction component 620, the depth of the telescopic plate 720 inserted into the telescopic sleeve 710 is adjusted to ensure that the total length of the connecting mechanism 700 precisely matches the interlayer transmission distance, guaranteeing that each layer of cylindrical valve core 621 can accurately be in the normally closed sealing position at the upper stop point, eliminating valve core position deviations caused by machining and assembly errors; after adjustment, the locking holes 730 aligned with the telescopic sleeve 710 and the telescopic plate 720 are inserted into the fasteners for locking and fixing, so that... The two components form a rigid whole, ensuring no relative sliding or elastic deformation during transmission. During sampling, the linkage drive control mechanism 400 drives the cylindrical valve core 621 of the upper extraction component 620 to overcome the elastic force of the return spring 626 and move downwards simultaneously. The power is rigidly transmitted to the upper connecting rod 624 of the lower extraction component 620 through the telescopic sleeve 710 and the locked telescopic plate 720, which drives the lower cylindrical valve core 621 to move downwards simultaneously, ensuring that samples from different reaction areas are taken from the exact same reaction time.

[0058] like Figures 3 to 11 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linkage drive mechanism 400 includes an annular seat 410, a rotating shaft seat 420, a linkage shaft 430, a secondary bevel gear 440, a main bevel gear 450, a linkage cam 460, and a linkage slide column 470. The annular seat 410 is fixed to the inner wall of the top of the reaction vessel 110. Rotating shaft seats 420, corresponding one-to-one with the sampling mechanism 600, are circumferentially equidistantly distributed on the annular seat 410. The linkage shaft 430 is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft seat 420 along the radial direction of the stirring mechanism 300. One end of the linkage shaft 430 is coaxially fixed with a secondary bevel gear 440, which meshes with a main bevel gear 450 coaxially fixed on the stirring mechanism 300. The other end of the linkage shaft 430 is eccentrically fixed with a linkage cam 460, the outer edge contour surface of the linkage cam 460 is slidably connected to the top of the linkage slide column 470, the linkage slide column 470 is vertically slidably mounted on the annular seat 410, and the bottom of the linkage slide column 470 is coaxially fixed to the upper connecting rod 624 of the sampling mechanism 600 in the upper reaction zone.

[0059] During the continuous operation of the stirring mechanism 300, the main bevel gear 450 rotates synchronously, driving all the circumferentially evenly arranged secondary bevel gears 440 to rotate synchronously through gear meshing. Each linkage shaft 430 rotates at the same speed and phase as the corresponding secondary bevel gear 440, evenly distributing the single-path rotational power of the stirring mechanism 300 into multiple synchronous rotational power. Since all branches share the same drive wheel input, the rotational speed and phase of each sampling point are completely consistent from the transmission source, eliminating the action deviation caused by multiple drive sources from the root. The linkage shaft 430 drives the linkage cam 460 at the end to rotate synchronously eccentrically. When the cam's lift profile section contacts the top of the linkage slide column 470, it gradually pushes the linkage slide column 470 to slide vertically downward. The linkage slide column 470 synchronously pushes the upper connecting rod 624 below downward, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 626 to drive the cylindrical valve core 621 to move smoothly downward, so that the annular guide groove is aligned with the sampling inlet pipe 612 and the sampling outlet pipe 613, thereby completing the connection of the sampling path.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission ratio of the main bevel gear 450 and the secondary bevel gear 440 can be selected according to the required sound field requirements. For example, a transmission ratio of 10:1 can be selected, that is, the main bevel gear 450 can rotate 10 times to drive the secondary bevel gear 440 to rotate 1 time, ensuring that the slurry can be automatically sampled only after being stirred to a certain extent.

[0061] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 11 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stirring mechanism 300 includes a stirring motor 310, a stirring shaft 320, and stirring blades 330. The stirring motor 310 is fixed on the inner wall of the tank cover 120. The output end of the stirring motor 310 is coaxially connected to the stirring shaft 320. The stirring shaft 320 is coaxially disposed inside the reaction tank 110. One end of the stirring shaft 320 is coaxially connected to the main bevel gear 450. Stirring blades 330, corresponding to the three reaction zones respectively, are axially distributed on the outer wall of the stirring shaft 320.

[0062] After the stirring motor 310 starts, it outputs a constant torque and drives the stirring shaft 320 to rotate at a constant speed around the central axis. The three sets of stirring blades 330 rotate synchronously with the main shaft, generating circumferential shear and axial disturbance on the slurry in the three reaction zones, so that the solid particles in each layer of slurry are uniformly suspended, and the solid and liquid phases are fully contacted and reacted, ensuring that the reaction in each layer is uniform and stable. The layered arrangement of blades can play the optimal stirring role according to the slurry concentration and reaction characteristics of the corresponding layer, avoiding problems such as uneven mixing between upper and lower layers and solid sedimentation caused by single-layer stirring. While the stirring shaft 320 rotates at a constant speed, the main bevel gear 450 on its upper part rotates synchronously with the shaft. Through gear meshing, the rotational power is synchronously distributed to all the circumferentially uniformly arranged secondary bevel gears 440, thereby driving the entire linkage drive and control mechanism 400 to operate, and finally driving the sampling mechanisms 600 of each layer to complete the synchronous sampling cycle.

[0063] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the collection mechanism 200 includes an annular collection pipe 210, a connecting main pipe 220, a collection branch pipe 230, a switching valve 240, a collection main pipe 250, and a cleaning pipe 260. The annular collection pipe 210 is obliquely arranged around the outside of the reaction vessel 110. The pipe body of the annular collection pipe 210 maintains a fixed inclination angle along the circumference and forms a high end and a low end. The top of the annular collection pipe 210 has connecting main pipes 220 of different vertical heights distributed circumferentially. The main pipe 220 is connected to the connecting secondary pipe 614 on the same annular closed seat 500. The lower end of the annular collection pipe 210 is laterally connected to the collection branch pipe 230. Each collection branch pipe 230 is connected in series with an independent switch valve 240. All collection branch pipes 230 corresponding to the three-layer reaction zone are connected to the same main collection pipe 250. The lower end of the main collection pipe 250 is the sample collection end. The top of the main collection pipe 250 is equipped with a cleaning pipe 260, which is connected to an external cleaning system.

[0064] In the comprehensive sample collection mode: all the switch valves 240 on all the collection branch pipes 230 are opened, and the sampling mechanisms 600 in the three reaction zones start sampling simultaneously. The slurry samples collected from each layer flow by gravity into the corresponding annular collection pipe 210 through the connecting branch pipe 614 and the connecting main pipe 220. The samples flow by gravity towards the lower end along the inclined annular collection pipe 210, and then flow into the collection main pipe 250 simultaneously through each collection branch pipe 230. Finally, they flow out from the sample collection end at the lower end, resulting in a comprehensive sample of the three layers of slurry mixed in proportion. In this mode, the sample can represent the overall average reaction state in the tank and is suitable for routine testing scenarios such as daily production inspection and overall process parameter control.

[0065] In the stratified sample sampling mode: only the switch valve 240 of the collection branch pipe 230 corresponding to the target layer is opened, and the switch valves 240 corresponding to the other reaction layers are closed; when the sampling mechanism 600 is running synchronously, only the slurry sample of the target layer can enter the collection main pipe 250 through the collection branch pipe 230 and be output, while the samples of the other layers are blocked by the switch valves 240 and remain in the upstream pipeline of the corresponding layer; by switching the opening and closing states of different switch valves 240, pure stratified samples of the upper, middle and lower reaction zones can be obtained independently, which can be used for refined detection scenarios such as vertical concentration gradient analysis, stratified reaction effect evaluation and stirring uniformity verification;

[0066] In pipeline self-cleaning mode: After obtaining a single-layer sample, close all switch valves 240 corresponding to the reaction layers, open the cleaning medium (clean water or corresponding process cleaning solution) connected to the cleaning pipe 260, and flush the cleaning medium in reverse from the top of the collection main pipe 250 to thoroughly clean the residual slurry particles and scale deposits on the inner wall of the collection main pipe 250; after all sampling operations are completed, the sampling mechanism 600 returns to the normally closed sealed state, and the above cleaning operation is repeated to complete the self-cleaning of the collection main pipe 250 again, avoiding cross-contamination between different batches of samples, and preventing solid particles from depositing and clogging the pipeline.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the inclined design of the annular collection pipe 210 allows for gravity-driven collection and dead-zone-free emptying of the slurry sample.

[0068] like Figure 3 and Figure 12 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the end faces of the annular closed seat 500 that are vertically slidably connected to the upper connecting rod 624 and the lower connecting rod 625 are preferably designed as inclined flow guiding end faces. The inclined flow guiding end faces can form an anti-stagnation flow guiding structure to prevent solid particles of slurry from being deposited and stagnant at the gap inlet of the sliding hole. The inner outer edge of the annular closed seat 500 and the inner wall of the reaction tank 110 are symmetrically fitted with sealing gaskets 520 at the assembly connection. The sealing gaskets 520 completely isolate the closed chamber inside the annular closed seat 500 from the reaction zones on the upper and lower sides, preventing the slurry in the reaction zone from seeping into the closed chamber and causing the transmission components to jam and wear. At the same time, it prevents wear debris and impurities in the closed chamber from falling into the reaction zone and contaminating the slurry system, ensuring the independence of the reaction environment of each layer.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reaction apparatus for hydrometallurgy, comprising a reaction vessel, a lid fixed to the top of the reaction vessel, a feed pipe fixed to the lid and extending into the interior of the reaction vessel, and a discharge pipe fixed to the bottom of the reaction vessel. Three annular sealing seats are vertically and equidistantly fixed inside the reaction vessel. These three annular sealing seats cooperate with the inner wall of the bottom of the reaction vessel, dividing the interior of the reaction vessel into an upper reaction zone, a middle reaction zone, and a lower reaction zone from top to bottom. A closed chamber is formed between the inner side of each of the three annular sealing seats and the inner wall of the reaction vessel. A stirring mechanism is coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the lid. The stirring section of the stirring mechanism extends into the reaction vessel and is located in the upper, middle, and lower reaction zones, respectively. Also includes: The multi-station sampling mechanism consists of a linkage drive control mechanism, a sampling mechanism, a collection mechanism, and a connecting mechanism. The sampling mechanisms are circumferentially distributed in a closed chamber. The bottom of the sampling end of the sampling mechanism is flush with the sampling holes circumferentially distributed at equal intervals on the bottom of the annular closed seat. The discharge end of the sampling mechanism extends to the outside of the reaction tank through the discharge pipe holes circumferentially distributed at equal intervals on the reaction tank. The collection mechanism is located outside the reaction tank and is connected to the discharge ends of the sampling mechanisms in different reaction zones. The sampling mechanism located in the middle reaction zone is rigidly connected to the sampling mechanisms located in the upper and lower reaction zones respectively through the connecting mechanism. The linkage drive and control mechanisms are circumferentially distributed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction tank. The circumferential distribution position and number of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are the same as those of the sampling mechanism. The power input ends of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are all connected to the power output ends of the stirring mechanism. The power output ends of the linkage drive and control mechanisms are rigidly connected to the power input ends of the sampling mechanism located in the upper reaction zone.

2. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling mechanism includes a sampling tube and an extraction component. The sampling tubes are circumferentially distributed in the closed chamber of the annular sealing seat. The sampling end of the sampling tube matches the sampling hole, and the discharge end of the sampling tube extends to the outside of the reaction vessel and is connected to the collection mechanism. The extraction component is vertically slidably installed in the sampling tube. One end of the extraction component is vertically slidably and sealed to the top of the annular sealing seat and is connected to the connecting mechanism and the linkage drive control mechanism respectively. The other end of the extraction component is vertically slidably and sealed to the bottom of the annular sealing seat and is rigidly connected to the extraction component on the adjacent annular sealing seat through the connecting mechanism.

3. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sampling tube body includes a main sampling tube, a sampling inlet tube, a sampling outlet tube, and a connecting secondary tube. The main sampling tube is vertically assembled in a closed chamber. The lower part of the side wall of the main sampling tube is provided with the sampling inlet tube and the sampling outlet tube, respectively. The end of the sampling inlet tube is matched with the sampling hole. The end of the sampling outlet tube is connected to the connecting secondary tube. One end of the connecting secondary tube extends to the outside of the reaction vessel and is connected to the collection mechanism. An extraction component is vertically slidably installed inside the main sampling tube.

4. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The extraction assembly includes a cylindrical valve core, an annular groove, sealing rings, an upper connecting rod, a lower connecting rod, and a return spring. The cylindrical valve core is vertically slidably installed inside the sampling main pipe. An annular groove is formed in the middle of the cylindrical valve core, connecting the inner ports of the sampling inlet and outlet pipes. Three sets of sealing rings are axially distributed on the outer wall of the cylindrical valve core. The upper two sets seal the annular groove, and the lower two sets seal the inner ports of the sampling inlet and outlet pipes. The top of the core is coaxially fixed with an upper connecting rod, which is vertically slidably and sealingly connected to the top of the annular sealing seat. The upper connecting rod is connected to both the linkage drive control mechanism and the connecting mechanism. The bottom of the cylindrical valve core is coaxially fixed with a lower connecting rod, which is vertically slidably and sealingly connected to the bottom of the annular sealing seat. The lower connecting rod is rigidly connected to the upper connecting rod on the adjacent annular sealing seat through the connecting mechanism. A return spring is sleeved on the outside of the lower connecting rod, and the two ends of the return spring abut against the bottom of the cylindrical valve core and the bottom of the sampling main tube, respectively.

5. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, A limiting protrusion is coaxially fixed on the outer wall of the upper connecting rod, and the limiting protrusion abuts against the inner wall of the top of the sampling tube.

6. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The connecting mechanism includes a telescopic sleeve, a telescopic plate, and locking holes. The fixed end of the telescopic sleeve is coaxially fixed to the end of the upper connecting rod. The telescopic end of the telescopic sleeve is vertically slidably engaged with one end of the telescopic plate. The other end of the telescopic plate is coaxially fixed to the lower connecting rod. The telescopic sleeve and the telescopic plate are axially equidistantly distributed with corresponding locking holes.

7. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linkage control mechanism includes an annular seat, a rotating shaft seat, a linkage shaft, a secondary bevel gear, a primary bevel gear, a linkage cam, and a linkage slide column. The annular seat is fixed on the inner wall of the top of the reaction tank. Rotating shaft seats, corresponding to the sampling mechanisms, are circumferentially distributed on the annular seat. A linkage shaft is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft seat along the radial direction of the stirring mechanism. A secondary bevel gear is coaxially fixed at one end of the linkage shaft, and the secondary bevel gear meshes with the primary bevel gear, which is coaxially fixed on the stirring mechanism. A linkage cam is eccentrically fixed at the other end of the linkage shaft. The outer edge contour surface of the linkage cam is slidably connected to the top of the linkage slide column. The linkage slide column is vertically slidably mounted on the annular seat, and the bottom of the linkage slide column is coaxially fixed to the upper connecting rod of the sampling mechanism in the upper reaction zone.

8. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stirring mechanism includes a stirring motor, a stirring shaft, and stirring blades. The stirring motor is fixed on the inner wall of the tank cover. The output end of the stirring motor is coaxially connected to the stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is coaxially arranged inside the reaction tank. One end of the stirring shaft is coaxially connected to a main bevel gear. Stirring blades, corresponding to the three reaction zones, are axially distributed on the outer wall of the stirring shaft.

9. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collection mechanism includes an annular collection pipe, a connecting main pipe, collection branch pipes, a switch valve, a collection main pipe, and a cleaning pipe. The annular collection pipe is obliquely arranged around the outside of the reaction vessel. The pipe body of the annular collection pipe maintains a fixed inclination angle along the circumference and forms a high end and a low end. Connecting main pipes of different vertical heights are distributed circumferentially on the top of the annular collection pipe. The connecting main pipe is connected to the connecting secondary pipe on the same annular sealing seat. The low end of the annular collection pipe is laterally connected to the collection branch pipe. Each collection branch pipe is connected in series with an independent switch valve. All collection branch pipes corresponding to the three reaction zones are connected to the same collection main pipe. The lower end of the collection main pipe is the sample collection end. A cleaning pipe is installed on the top of the collection main pipe and is connected to an external cleaning system.

10. The hydrometallurgical reaction apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end faces of the annular sealing seat that are vertically slidably connected to the upper and lower connecting rods are preferably designed as inclined flow guiding end faces. The inner outer edge of the annular sealing seat is symmetrically fitted with sealing gaskets at the assembly connection between the inner outer edge and the inner wall of the reaction vessel.

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