A fixed station type copper residue temperature control crystallization waste heat recovery system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metallurgical slag treatment and waste heat recovery, and discloses a fixed-station copper slag temperature control crystallization waste heat recovery system, which is characterized in that a waste heat recovery assembly is arranged in a fixed slag tank outer sleeve, and cooperates with a plug-in pipe heat exchange assembly that can be inserted into the interior of molten slag, so that the hoisting type slag tank can participate in waste heat recovery without integrating pressure-bearing heat exchange pipelines and water vapor accessories, realizing safe coupling of the waste heat recovery system and the mobile slag tank, avoiding the risk of interface leakage and hoisting interference caused by the hoisting and transportation of the heat exchange pipeline with the slag tank; and through indirect heat exchange of the outer wall of the outer sleeve and internal heat exchange of the plug-in pipe, an internal-external collaborative heat exchange system is formed, so that the waste heat recovery system has active adjustment capability of the copper slag temperature field, can actively control the copper slag cooling process to realize controlled cooling and crystallization regulation, and can recover copper slag sensible heat resources, improve the molten slag sensible heat recovery efficiency, and take into account the slag tank turnover convenience, controllability of the heat exchange process and waste heat recovery economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metallurgical slag treatment and waste heat recovery technology, and discloses a fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system. Background Technology

[0002] A large amount of high-temperature copper slag is generated during copper smelting. When discharged, the copper slag is at a high temperature, contains a significant amount of sensible heat, and also contains iron-silicon oxide systems, copper matte phase, small amounts of metallic copper or copper matte inclusions, and other valuable components. Ordinary slag pots primarily serve the functions of holding, transferring, and dumping, and typically lack the ability to actively regulate the temperature field. In current production, high-temperature copper slag is often discharged into slag pots, slag ladles, or slag basins, and then processed through natural cooling, stockpiling, crushing, flotation, magnetic separation, return to the furnace, or material processing. If the slag pot uses natural cooling, it typically suffers from uncontrollable temperature field, large temperature differences between the inside and outside of the slag, long turnover cycles, and significant sensible heat loss. If the slag pot cools too quickly, it can easily lead to the fine dispersion of recyclable phases; if the slag pot cools too slowly, it may result in decreased slag pot turnover efficiency and increased space occupation.

[0003] Furthermore, existing slag waste heat recovery technologies mainly rely on stationary waste heat boilers, fluidized bed heat exchangers, rotary drum heat exchangers, granulation waste heat recovery, or water-cooled wall heat exchangers. If boiler pipes are directly installed on the mobile slag pot body, it will lead to a complex slag pot structure, difficulties in hoisting, frequent connection of water and steam interfaces, increased difficulty in moving steam pipelines with the vehicle, and increased difficulty in inspection and maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system to solve the problems in existing copper slag treatment, such as the lack of active temperature field adjustment capability of natural cooling of slag pots, uncontrollable copper slag cooling and crystallization process, low efficiency of sensible heat recovery of molten slag, and difficulty in safely coupling the waste heat recovery system with mobile slag pots.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system includes: A hoisting slag pot, wherein the hoisting slag pot is used to receive molten slag; A fixed slag container outer casing, wherein the fixed slag container outer casing is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating the hoisting slag container; Waste heat recovery component, which is installed inside the outer casing of the fixed slag tank and is used for heat exchange with the hoisted slag tank; A tube-type heat exchange assembly, which is inserted into molten slag and exchanges heat with the molten slag.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixed slag tank outer casing includes a load-bearing base, a side wall frame, a heat insulation layer, and an inner heat-resistant lining layer; the side wall frame is a frame structure with a hollow area; the side wall frame surrounds to form a cavity that runs vertically through the interior, the load-bearing base is located at the lower end of the cavity, and the cavity and the upper surface of the load-bearing base together constitute the receiving cavity; the heat insulation layer is located on the outer wall of the side wall frame, and the inner heat-resistant lining layer is located on the inner wall of the side wall frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the fixed slag tank outer casing also includes several guide ridges, which are evenly distributed on the inner wall surface of the side wall frame, and each guide ridge is arranged along the direction from the inlet of the receiving cavity to the load-bearing base.

[0009] Furthermore, the waste heat recovery assembly includes a heat exchange coil, which is disposed in the hollow area of ​​the side wall frame and fixed to the side wall frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the hoisting slag bin includes a bin body and a bin cover, with the bin cover fastened onto the bin body.

[0011] Furthermore, the tube-type heat exchange assembly includes a tube heat exchanger, which is inserted into the molten slag through the tube insertion hole of the tank cover, and the tube heat exchanger is provided with a medium flow channel for circulating the heat exchange medium so as to exchange heat with the molten slag.

[0012] Furthermore, the can cover is provided with a slag scraping structure at the tube insertion hole, which is used to scrape off the slag shell on the outer wall of the tube heat exchanger during the process of pulling out the tube heat exchanger.

[0013] Furthermore, the slag scraping structure includes an annular slag scraping seat, a scraper, and a high-temperature resistant elastic element; the annular slag scraping seat is fixed at the insertion hole of the tank cover; the scraper is slidably connected to the annular slag scraping seat, and several scrapers are provided; the high-temperature resistant elastic element is sleeved on the handle of the scraper and is used to drive the scraper to maintain a preset distance from the outer wall surface of the insertion tube heat exchanger radially.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a foldable gantry mechanism and a lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism is fixed on the foldable gantry mechanism and is used to simultaneously lift the tube heat exchanger and the tank cover, or lift the tube heat exchanger or the tank cover separately; the foldable gantry mechanism is fixed to the outside of the fixed slag tank outer casing and is used to hoist the tube heat exchanger and the tank cover between the preset working position and the avoidance position.

[0015] Furthermore, the foldable gantry mechanism includes a fixed column, a cantilever, and a driving component; the fixed column is fixed on a fixed foundation; one end of the cantilever is fixed with a rotating shaft, and the cantilever is rotatably connected to the fixed column through the rotating shaft; a driven gear is provided on the rotating shaft, and the driving component drives the cantilever to rotate around the rotating shaft in the horizontal plane through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, so that the cantilever switches between the working position and the avoidance position.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention integrates a waste heat recovery component within a fixed slag pot outer casing, along with a tube-type heat exchange component that can be inserted into the molten slag. This allows the hoisted slag pot to participate in waste heat recovery without integrating pressurized heat exchange pipelines and water vapor accessories, achieving safe coupling between the waste heat recovery system and the mobile slag pot. This avoids interface leakage, hoisting interference, and maintenance risks associated with the transport of heat exchange pipelines during slag pot hoisting. Furthermore, the invention forms a synergistic heat exchange system through indirect heat exchange on the outer wall of the outer casing and internal heat exchange via the tube-type component. This enables the waste heat recovery system to actively regulate the copper slag temperature field, allowing for proactive control of the copper slag cooling process to achieve controlled cooling and crystallization regulation. Simultaneously, it recovers sensible heat resources from the copper slag, improving the efficiency of sensible heat recovery from the molten slag. This approach balances the convenience of slag pot turnover, the controllability of the heat exchange process, and the economic efficiency of waste heat recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system as an example. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a hoisting slag pot sitting inside a fixed slag pot in an embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide ridges on the inner wall of the fixed slag tank outer casing in the embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tank lid, slag scraping structure, and tube heat exchanger in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a tube heat exchanger with longitudinal partitions in the embodiment; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Top view; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a tube heat exchanger with inner and outer tubes in the embodiment; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Top view; Figure 9 This is a top view of the tube heat exchanger with an outer tube and a thin inner tube in the embodiment. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the slag scraping mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of the annular scraper seat in the scraper mechanism of the embodiment; Among them, 1-lifting slag pot, 11-pot body, 12-pot cover, 2-fixed slag pot outer casing, 21-load-bearing base, 22-side wall frame, 23-insulation layer, 24-guide rib, 31-heat exchange coil, 32-inlet water header, 33-steam outlet header, 34-steam drum, 4-tube heat exchanger, 41-tube body, 42-longitudinal baffle, 43-interface seat, 44-inlet cavity, 45-outlet cavity 46-Wear-resistant end cap, 47-Outer tube, 48-Inner tube, 49-Slim inner tube, 5-Scraping structure, 51-Annular scraper seat, 511-Mounting hole, 52-Scraper, 521-Scraper handle, 522-Scraper head, 53-High temperature resistant elastic component, 6-Foldable gantry mechanism, 61-Fixed column, 62-Cantilever, 63-Drive component, 64-Diagonal brace, 71-First winch, 72-Second winch. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0019] See Figures 1 to 11 This invention provides a fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system, comprising: A hoisting slag pot 1, which is used to receive molten slag; A fixed slag tank outer casing 2 is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating the hoisting slag tank 1; Waste heat recovery component, which is installed inside the fixed slag tank outer jacket 2, is used to exchange heat with the hoisted slag tank 1; A tube-type heat exchange assembly, which is inserted into molten slag and exchanges heat with the molten slag.

[0020] This invention, by placing the waste heat recovery component inside the fixed slag pot outer shell 2, in conjunction with the insertable heat exchange component that can be inserted into the molten slag, allows the hoisted slag pot 1 to participate in waste heat recovery without integrating pressurized heat exchange pipelines and water vapor accessories. This achieves safe coupling between the waste heat recovery system and the mobile slag pot, avoiding interface leakage, hoisting interference, and maintenance risks caused by the transport of heat exchange pipelines with the hoisted slag pot 1. Furthermore, by forming a coordinated internal and external heat exchange system through indirect heat exchange on the outer wall of the outer shell and internal heat exchange via the insertable component, the waste heat recovery system has the ability to actively regulate the copper slag temperature field. It can actively control the cooling process of the copper slag to achieve controlled cooling and crystallization regulation, while simultaneously recovering the sensible heat resources of the copper slag, improving the sensible heat recovery efficiency of the molten slag. This invention can balance the convenience of the hoisted slag pot 1 for turnover, the controllability of the heat exchange process, and the economic efficiency of waste heat recovery.

[0021] Example This embodiment further illustrates the detailed structure of the fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system, as detailed below.

[0022] In this embodiment, the fixed-position copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system includes a hoisting slag pot 1, a fixed slag pot outer casing 2, a waste heat recovery component, a tube-type heat exchange component, a foldable gantry mechanism 6, a lifting mechanism, a detection module, and a control device.

[0023] In this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 4 The hoisting slag pot 1 includes a pot body 11 and a pot cover 12. The pot cover 12 covers the pot body 11, and the pot body 11 is used to receive copper slag. The hoisting slag pot 1 can be a conical hoisting slag pot that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, an inverted frustum hoisting slag pot, or a barrel-shaped non-pressurized slag pot that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Moreover, the outer wall of the hoisting slag pot 1 is provided with trunnions, lifting lugs, or hoisting supports to facilitate hoisting by lifting equipment or overhead cranes. The pot cover 12 is provided with a tube insertion hole so that the tube heat exchanger assembly can be inserted into the pot to cool the copper slag. Furthermore, a guide sleeve and a heat-resistant sealing structure can be provided at the tube insertion hole; the guide sleeve is used to limit the radial swing of the tube heat exchanger 4 and improve the stability of tube lifting and lowering; the heat-resistant sealing structure is used to reduce the escape of hot gas, dust, and flame.

[0024] In this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 3 The fixed slag pot outer casing 2 includes a load-bearing base 21, a side wall frame 22, a heat insulation layer 23, and an inner heat-resistant lining layer. The side wall frame 22 is a frame-type steel structure with a perforated area, and the side wall frame 22 forms a through-cavity. The load-bearing base 21 is located at the lower end of the cavity. The cavity and the upper surface of the load-bearing base 21 together constitute a receiving cavity for accommodating the hoisting slag pot 1. The receiving cavity can be a conical cavity (larger at the top, smaller at the bottom), an inverted frustum-shaped cavity, or an irregularly shaped cavity adapted to the shape of the hoisting slag pot 1. The heat insulation layer 23 is located on the outer wall of the side wall frame 22 to close the openings of the perforated areas in the frame-type steel structure on the outer wall. The inner heat-resistant lining layer is located on the inner wall of the side wall frame 22, and is only located on the frame-type steel structure, not closing the openings of the perforated areas in the frame-type steel structure on the inner wall. The fixed slag pot outer casing 2 is fixed at the designated waste heat recovery station and does not need to be transferred with the hoisting slag pot 1. It only waits at the waste heat recovery station for the hoisting slag pot 1 to be hoisted and placed inside. After the hoisting slag pot 1 is placed into the receiving cavity, the load-bearing base 21 contacts the bottom of the hoisting slag pot 1 and supports its weight. Moreover, the heat insulation layer 23 on the outer wall of the fixed slag pot outer casing 2 can reduce the heat loss from the inside of the receiving cavity and improve the overall efficiency of waste heat recovery. The heat-resistant lining layer on the inner wall of the fixed slag pot outer casing 2 can withstand the high temperature brought by the copper slag, avoiding damage to the side wall frame 22 structure caused by the high temperature, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0025] Furthermore, the inner wall of the fixed slag pot outer sleeve 2 is also provided with several guide ridges 24. These guide ridges 24 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the receiving cavity on the inner wall surface of the side wall frame 22, and each guide ridge 24 is arranged along the direction from the entrance of the receiving cavity to the load-bearing base 21. During the process of hoisting the slag pot 1 into the receiving cavity, the guide ridges 24 can guide and limit the lowering path of the slag pot 1 after it enters the receiving cavity, preventing significant deviation and collisions during the lowering process. This protects the slag pot 1 and the fixed slag pot outer sleeve 2 from damage, guides the slag pot 1 to be lowered quickly and accurately into place, and prevents excessive displacement of the slag pot 1 after it sits in the receiving cavity, improving the efficiency and safety of the hoisting operation. Simultaneously, a small gap is reserved between the guide ridges 24 and the outer wall of the slag pot 1 to prevent thermal deformation of the slag pot 1 and the fixed slag pot outer sleeve 2 from affecting the normal handling of the slag pot 1.

[0026] In this embodiment, see Figure 2 The waste heat recovery assembly includes a heat exchange coil 31, an inlet water header 32, an outlet steam header 33, a deoxygenated water supply system, and a steam drum 34. The heat exchange coil 31 is disposed within the hollowed-out area of ​​the side wall frame 22 and fixed to the side wall frame 22. The inlet water header 32 and the outlet steam header 33 are respectively disposed at the inlet and outlet ends of the heat exchange coil 31. The deoxygenated water supply system is connected to the inlet water header 32 and is used to supply the heat exchange medium deoxygenated water to the heat exchange coil 31. The steam drum 34 is connected to the outlet steam header 33 and is used to achieve steam-water separation. The deoxygenated water supply system includes pumps, etc. After the hoisted slag pot 1 is placed into the fixed slag pot outer casing 2, the deoxygenated water supply system inputs deoxygenated water into the heat exchange coil 31 through the inlet water header 32. The heat carried by the copper slag is conducted to the heat exchange coil 31 through radiation and convection. The deoxygenated water in the heat exchange coil 31 absorbs heat and produces a steam-water mixture, which flows into the steam drum 34 through the steam outlet header 33 to complete steam-water separation. The separated saturated steam can be transported to the plant's steam network or power generation system for utilization, realizing the recovery and resource utilization of the waste heat of the copper slag. The deoxygenated water remains in the steam drum 34 and continues to circulate and participate in the heat exchange process. In this embodiment, the heat exchange coil 31 is arranged in the hollow area of ​​the side wall frame 22, which does not affect the structural strength of the fixed slag pot outer casing 2, and maximizes the heat exchange area to ensure the efficiency of waste heat recovery.

[0027] Furthermore, the heat exchange coil 31 is divided into an upper coil area, a middle coil area, and a lower coil area along the height direction of the fixed slag tank outer jacket 2. Each coil area is equipped with an independent inlet water branch, an outlet steam branch, a flow regulating valve, a drain valve, an air vent valve, a temperature detection element, and a pressure detection element to independently adjust the inlet water flow, outlet pressure, and outlet temperature, thereby achieving zoned adjustment of heat exchange intensity in different height areas.

[0028] It should be noted that the heat exchange coil 31 is connected to a circulating heat exchange unit, which includes a circulating pump, a steam-water separator, a hot water storage tank, a water supply valve, a bypass valve, a pressure relief valve, and an external supply pipeline. When the hoisting slag tank 1 is not seated in the fixed slag tank outer casing 2, the heat exchange coil 31 and the circulating heat exchange unit maintain low-temperature circulation or stop circulation; when the hoisting slag tank 1 is seated in the fixed slag tank outer casing 2, the heat exchange coil 31 and the circulating heat exchange unit enter a high-temperature heat exchange mode. If the outlet pressure of the heat exchange coil 31 exceeds the set value or the flow rate is lower than the set value, bypass cooling, water supply, pressure relief, or alarm will be activated.

[0029] In this embodiment, see Figures 1 to 6 The inserted-tube heat exchange assembly includes an inserted-tube heat exchanger 4, which comprises a tube body 41, a longitudinal baffle 42, an interface seat 43, and a wear-resistant end cap 46. The tube body 41 is the main pressure-bearing heat exchange structure of the inserted-tube heat exchanger 4. The tube body 41 has an open end and a closed end, and can be made of heat-resistant alloy steel, heat-resistant stainless steel, boiler alloy steel, nickel-based alloy, or composite alloy. Furthermore, the tube body 41 can be thickened, meaning its wall thickness is greater than that of conventional boiler heat exchange tubes of the same outer diameter, to improve thermal shock margin, resistance to mechanical erosion, and service life. The longitudinal baffle 42 is disposed inside the tube body 41, dividing the internal space into an inlet chamber 44 and an outlet chamber 45. The inlet chamber 44 and the outlet chamber 45 are connected at the closed end of the tube body 41, forming a U-shaped zigzag flow channel to ensure continuous flow and heat exchange of the heat exchange medium within the tube, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. The interface seat 43 is installed at the open end of the tube body 41. The interface seat 43 is provided with an inlet and an outlet that are respectively connected to the inlet chamber 44 and the outlet chamber 45. The inlet is connected to an external heat exchange medium supply device, and the outlet is connected to an external heat exchange medium output component. The heat exchange medium supply device can be a water pump for supplying deoxygenated water or a switch valve for supplying heat exchange gas. The heat exchange medium output component can be a steam drum 34 or an exhaust pipe for steam-water separation. The wear-resistant end cap 46 is fixed to the closed end of the tube body 41 to withstand the mechanical action, high-temperature copper slag erosion, and thermal shock during the insertion of the tube heat exchanger 4 into the copper slag, preventing premature wear and failure of the closed end of the tube body 41. The wear-resistant end cap 46 can be interchangeably connected to the tube body 41 by threads, flanges, ferrules, conical clamping, locking pins, or welded short sections.

[0030] When the tube heat exchanger 4 is inserted into the copper slag through the tube insertion hole on the tank cover 12, most of the tube body 41 is immersed in the high-temperature copper slag. The heat of the copper slag is transferred through the tube wall to the heat exchange medium flowing in the U-shaped return flow channel. After absorbing heat, the heat exchange medium flows out from the outlet, and the heat carried out is transported to the external waste heat utilization device for utilization, so as to realize the regulation of the internal temperature field of the copper slag and the recovery of waste heat.

[0031] It should be noted that the inlet and / or outlet pipes of the interface seat 43 may be equipped with valves, check valves, temperature detection elements, pressure detection elements, flow detection elements, pressure relief interfaces, purging interfaces or venting interfaces, etc.

[0032] Furthermore, the heat exchange medium in the tube heat exchanger 4 can be saturated steam, low-temperature steam, a steam-water mixture, deoxygenated water, or inert gas. During actual heat exchange, the appropriate heat exchange medium can be selected based on the temperature of the copper slag. For example, when the copper slag temperature exceeds a first preset threshold, it indicates that the copper slag temperature is in the high-temperature zone. At this time, steam or inert gas is introduced into the tube heat exchanger 4, using the steam or inert gas as the heat exchange medium to absorb heat from the copper slag inside the tube heat exchanger 4 and regulate the internal temperature field of the copper slag. When the copper slag temperature drops below the first preset threshold, and the pressure, temperature, tube position, water level in the steam drum 34, and state of the tank cover 12 all meet safety conditions, the heat exchange medium is switched, and a low-flow-rate deoxygenated water, a steam-water mixture, or low-temperature steam is introduced into the tube heat exchanger 4 to continue heat exchange.

[0033] Furthermore, in order to reduce the adhesion of copper slag on the surface of the tube heat exchanger 4, an anti-stick coating can be provided on the outer wall of the tube body 41. The anti-stick coating can be a ceramic coating, refractory coating, weld overlay layer or composite coating suitable for high-temperature molten slag environment.

[0034] Further, see Figures 7 to 8 The tube heat exchanger 4 also adopts a concentric tube structure, including an inner tube 48 and an outer tube 47. The outer tube 47 has an open top and a closed bottom, while the inner tube 48 has open ends. The flow channel corresponding to the inner tube 48 serves as the inlet cavity 44, and the gap between the inner tube 48 and the outer tube 47 serves as the outlet cavity 45. The inlet cavity 44 and the outlet cavity 45 are connected at the bottom end of the outer tube 47, forming a U-shaped zigzag flow channel. Further, see... Figure 9 The tube heat exchanger 4 can also adopt a multi-tube structure, including an outer tube 47 and several thin inner tubes 49. The outer tube 47 has a structure with an open top and a closed bottom. Both ends of the thin inner tubes 49 are open. Some of the thin inner tubes 49 serve as inlet channels and some serve as outlet channels. They converge and turn back at the bottom of the outer tube 47 to form a U-shaped turning flow channel.

[0035] In this embodiment, see Figure 4 , Figures 10 to 11 The can cover 12 is also provided with a slag scraping structure 5 at the tube insertion hole, and the slag scraping structure 5 is located inside the can cover 12. When the tube heat exchanger 4 is pulled out from the hoisting slag can 1, the slag scraping structure 5 is used to scrape off the slag shell attached to the outer wall of the tube body 41, so that the scraped slag shell falls back into the can and reduces the slag carried out.

[0036] Specifically, the scraping structure 5 includes an annular scraper seat 51, a scraper 52, and a high-temperature resistant elastic element 53. The annular scraper seat 51 is fixed to the tank cover 12 and is coaxially arranged with the insertion hole. The annular scraper seat 51 has several mounting holes 511 along the circumferential direction. The mounting holes 511 are stepped holes including a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section. The large-diameter section is located on one side of the inner wall of the annular scraper seat 51, and the small-diameter section is located on one side of the outer wall of the annular scraper seat 51. The scraper 52 includes a handle 521 and a blade head 522. The diameter of the blade head 522 is larger than the diameter of the handle 521. One end of the handle 521 is fixed to the blade head 522, and the other end of the handle 521 is threaded. The blade head 522 has an arc-shaped cutting edge. The radius of the arc-shaped cutting edge is the same as the outer diameter of the tube body 41 of the insertion tube heat exchanger 4, so that the arc-shaped cutting edge can be adapted to the outer wall of the tube body 41. Furthermore, a step is formed at the connection between the handle 521 and the blade head 522. The high-temperature resistant elastic element 53 is a high-temperature resistant spring, which is sleeved on the handle 521. During installation, the high-temperature resistant spring is first sleeved on the handle 521. Then, the threaded end of the handle 521 is inserted into the mounting hole 511 from the side of the large diameter section and passes through the small diameter section, extending to the outside of the annular scraper seat 51. Then, an adjusting nut is installed on the threaded end of the handle 521. The outer diameter of the adjusting nut is larger than the inner diameter of the small diameter section. By rotating the adjusting nut, the blade head 522 is moved closer to or further away from the center line of the annular scraper seat 51, thereby adjusting the distance between the cutting edge of the blade head 522 and the tube body 41 of the tube heat exchanger 4. After the scraper 52 is installed, one end of the high-temperature spring abuts against the step of the mounting hole 511, and the other end abuts against the step between the scraper head 522 and the handle 521, and is in a compressed state. During the process of the tube heat exchanger 4 being pulled out from the hoisting slag pot 1, the diameter of the tube body 41 with slag shell attached to its surface increases. The arc-shaped cutting edge of the scraper head 522 acts on the copper slag, and at the same time, the high-temperature spring provides a continuous pre-tightening force for the scraper head 522, so that the cutting edge and the outer wall of the tube body 41 maintain a preset distance. This not only avoids the cutting edge from getting stuck due to the expansion of slag on the surface of the tube body 41, but also scrapes off the slag shell. The scraped-off slag shell falls directly into the hoisting slag pot 1 below and will not stick to the pot cover 12 or the scraper structure 5. No additional manual cleaning is required, and the heat waste and on-site environmental pollution caused by the copper slag being carried out are also avoided. It should be noted that after the cutter head 522 has been in service for a certain period of time, its position can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting nut, thereby compensating for the change in the distance between the cutting edge of the cutter head 522 and the tube body 41 of the tube heat exchanger 4 caused by the wear of the cutting edge. Moreover, double nuts can be used on the cutter handle 521 to prevent loosening.

[0037] In this embodiment, see Figure 1The foldable gantry mechanism 6 includes a fixed column 61, a cantilever 62, a driving component 63, and a diagonal brace 64. The fixed column 61 is fixed to a fixed foundation in the workshop. One end of the cantilever 62 is fixed with a rotating shaft, which is rotatably connected to the top of the fixed column 61, thus achieving a rotatable connection between the cantilever 62 and the fixed column 61. A driven gear is provided on the rotating shaft. The driving component 63 is a servo motor, which drives the cantilever 62 to rotate around the rotating shaft in a horizontal plane through the meshing of the driving and driven gears, allowing the cantilever 62 to switch between a working position and a clearance position. One end of the diagonal brace 64 is fixed to the cantilever 62, and the other end is rotatably connected to the fixed column 61 through a bearing to enhance the strength and rigidity of the foldable gantry mechanism 6. Furthermore, a limiting boss is provided on the fixed column 61 to prevent the diagonal brace 64 from sliding down along the fixed column 61. The working position refers to the area directly above the fixed slag tank outer casing 2, which facilitates the lifting mechanism to raise and lower the tank cover 12 and the tube heat exchanger 4; the avoidance position refers to the side of the fixed slag tank outer casing 2, not directly above it, which facilitates the use of the overhead crane to lift and transport the slag tank 1 in and out of the fixed slag tank outer casing 2, and avoids interference from the cantilever 62 on the lifting of the transport slag tank 1.

[0038] It should be noted that the driving component 63 can be a servo motor with a braking function, which can lock the cantilever 62 in a specified position. Alternatively, a mechanical locking structure can be added between the cantilever 62 and the fixed column 61, such as an electric push rod and a pin. An annular pin hole plate is provided on the fixed column 61, and several pin holes are provided on the pin hole plate along the circumference of the fixed column 61. The electric push rod is fixed on the cantilever 62, and the pin is connected to the actuating rod of the electric push rod. When the servo motor drives the cantilever 62 to the specified position, the electric push rod drives the pin downward to insert into the pin hole of the pin hole plate, thereby achieving mechanical locking between the cantilever 62 and the fixed column 61. When it is necessary to change the position of the cantilever 62, the electric push rod drives the pin to disengage from the pin hole plate.

[0039] In this embodiment, see Figure 1 The lifting mechanism includes a first winch 71 and a second winch 72, both fixed to the cantilever 62. The first winch 71 is connected to the lifting lug of the tank cover 12 for lifting the tank cover 12, and the second winch 72 is connected to the lifting lug of the interface seat 43 on the tube heat exchanger 4 for lifting the tube heat exchanger 4. In actual production, the first winch 71 and the second winch 72 can be controlled to move synchronously to achieve synchronous lifting of the tank cover 12 and the tube heat exchanger 4, or the first winch 71 or the second winch 72 can be controlled to move independently to achieve independent lifting of the tank cover 12 or the tube heat exchanger 4.

[0040] Furthermore, during the extraction of the tube heat exchanger 4, the control device controls the second winch 72 and the foldable gantry mechanism 6 to coordinately perform a tube pre-loosening action. This pre-loosening action includes a short-stroke lifting motion and a reciprocating swing motion. Specifically, with the cantilever 62 locked in the foldable gantry mechanism 6, the second winch 72 is controlled to lift the tube heat exchanger 4 by a short stroke according to a preset distance, creating an initial gap between the outer wall of the tube heat exchanger 4 and the adhering slag shell. Then, the cantilever 62 is controlled to swing horizontally left and right with a preset swing amplitude, while the second winch 72 is controlled to lift and lower the tube heat exchanger 4 by a preset distance, achieving a reciprocating swing motion of the tube heat exchanger 4. This widens the initial gap between the outer wall of the tube heat exchanger 4 and the adhering slag shell, facilitating the complete extraction of the tube heat exchanger 4 and preventing obstruction of tube extraction or damage to the heat exchanger structure due to excessive slag adhesion, thus improving the smoothness of the extraction operation and equipment safety.

[0041] In this embodiment, the detection module includes a hoisting slag pot 1 positioning detection sensor, an off-center load detection sensor, an outer wall temperature detection sensor, a coil pressure detection sensor, a coil outlet temperature detection sensor, and / or a coil leakage detection sensor. The hoisting slag pot 1 positioning detection sensor, off-center load detection sensor, outer wall temperature detection sensor, and coil leakage detection sensor are mounted on the fixed slag pot outer casing 2 to ensure the safe placement of the hoisting slag pot 1 and the safe operation of the boiler coils. Specifically, the hoisting slag pot 1 positioning detection sensor detects whether the hoisting slag pot 1 is in the correct position; the outer wall temperature detection sensor detects the temperature of the outer wall of the hoisting slag pot 1; and the coil leakage detection sensor detects whether there is a leak in the heat exchange coil 31 inside the fixed slag pot outer casing 2.

[0042] Furthermore, the detection module also includes a cover position detection sensor, a tube insertion position detection sensor, a gantry status detection sensor, a tube insertion pressure detection sensor, and a tube extraction force detection sensor. The cover position detection sensor is installed on the can cover 12 to detect whether the can cover 12 is properly secured; the tube insertion position detection sensor is installed at the tube insertion hole of the can cover 12 to detect whether the tube insertion heat exchanger 4 is located in the tube insertion hole; the gantry status detection sensor is installed on the fixed column 61 and can be a proximity switch to detect the position of the rotating column to determine whether the cantilever 62 is in the working position or the clearance position; the tube insertion pressure detection sensor is installed on the tube insertion heat exchanger 4 to detect the pressure inside the tube body 41; the tube extraction force detection sensor can be a high-temperature resistant tension sensor and is installed at the connection between the second winch 72 and the tube insertion heat exchanger 4 to detect the resistance during the tube extraction process of the tube insertion heat exchanger 4.

[0043] In this embodiment, the control device may be a computer or a PLC, as well as supporting components.

[0044] The working principle of this invention is: (1) Lifting and positioning stage of hoisting slag hopper 1 The hoisting slag pot 1, which receives high-temperature copper smelting slag, is transferred by a crane to the vicinity of the fixed slag pot outer casing 2. The cantilever 62 of the foldable gantry mechanism 6 is pre-rotated to a clearance position, offset from the hoisting path directly above the hoisting slag pot 1 to avoid interference with the hoisting path. Subsequently, the hoisting slag pot 1 is gradually lowered into the receiving cavity along the guide protrusion 24. The guide protrusion 24 on the inner wall of the side wall frame 22 guides and limits the lowering path of the hoisting slag pot 1, allowing the hoisting slag pot 1 to sit smoothly in the receiving cavity and be supported by the load-bearing base 21.

[0045] The positioning detection sensor and the off-center load detection sensor of the hoisting slag pot 1 respectively detect the positioning status and off-center load degree of the hoisting slag pot 1. After confirming that the sitting position meets the preset requirements and there is no excessive deviation, a positioning confirmation signal is sent to the control device. If the positioning detection sensor and the off-center load detection sensor of the hoisting slag pot 1 issue a positioning abnormality signal, the control device locks the subsequent actions and triggers an alarm. During this stage, the heat exchange coil 31 and the tube heat exchanger 4 are both in standby mode, and no heat exchange medium load is applied.

[0046] (2) Gantry positioning and cannulation stage After the control device confirms that the hoisting slag pot 1 is in place, it controls the drive component 63 of the foldable gantry mechanism 6 to move the cantilever 62 to the working position directly above the fixed slag pot outer casing 2 and lock it in place. The gantry status detection sensor then sends a feedback signal indicating that the gantry is in position.

[0047] Subsequently, the first winch 71 starts, driving the can cover 12 to descend smoothly and cover the upper opening of the hoisting slag can 1. After the can cover 12 is confirmed to be closed in place by the cover position detection sensor, the second winch 72 starts independently, driving the tube heat exchanger 4 to descend along the tube hole of the can cover 12 and insert it into the copper slag to the preset depth. The tube position detection sensor feeds back the insertion depth signal.

[0048] (3) Heat exchange operation stage Regarding the coil heat exchange, after the tank cover 12 is closed and the tube is inserted, the control device starts the deoxygenated water supply system. The deoxygenated water is distributed through the inlet header 32 into the heat exchange coil 31 of the fixed slag tank outer jacket 2. The heat released by the copper slag is transferred sequentially through the tank body 11 of the hoisted slag tank 1 and the heat exchange gap between the tank wall and the outer jacket to the heat exchange coil 31. After absorbing heat, the deoxygenated water in the coil forms hot water or a steam-water mixture, which is then collected in the steam drum 34 through the steam outlet header 33 to complete the steam-water separation. The separated saturated steam is output to the plant's steam network or subsequent utilization units.

[0049] The heat exchange coil 31 is divided into upper, middle and lower independent zones along the height direction. The control device adjusts the flow rate of the water inlet branch of each zone according to the real-time feedback of the outer wall temperature detection sensor, and matches the heat flux density of different height areas of the hoisting slag tank 1 to achieve zoned temperature control, so as to avoid excessive thermal stress or uneven crystallization in the hoisting slag tank 1 caused by local heat exchange intensity imbalance.

[0050] Regarding tube heat exchange, after the tube heat exchanger 4 is inserted into place, the control device executes a staged media control strategy based on the copper slag temperature detection results: When the temperature of the copper slag exceeds the first preset threshold, the control device executes the high-temperature section safety interlock, prohibiting liquid water from entering the tube heat exchanger 4, and only introducing steam or inert gas into the inlet chamber 44 of the tube. The steam or inert gas flows down along the inlet chamber 44 to the reversal chamber at the bottom closed end of the tube body 41, and after reversing, it flows up along the outlet chamber 45 and is discharged. During the flow, the steam or inert gas absorbs heat from the central region inside the copper slag through the tube wall, which not only regulates the internal temperature field of the copper slag and reduces the internal and external temperature difference, but also further enhances the quality and enthalpy of the introduced steam or inert gas, avoiding the risk of overpressure and thermal shock caused by the violent vaporization of liquid water under high temperature conditions.

[0051] When the temperature of the copper slag drops below the first preset threshold, and the insertion pressure, tube body 41 temperature, insertion position, steam drum 34 water level and tank cover 12 status all meet the preset safety interlock conditions, the control device allows switching the heat exchange medium and introducing low-flow deoxygenated water or steam-water mixture into the insertion tube heat exchanger 4 to enhance the internal heat exchange intensity and accelerate the overall cooling rate of the copper slag.

[0052] (4) Temperature control and crystallization synergistic regulation stage Throughout the cooling process, the control device collects parameters in real time, such as the outer wall temperature of the hoisting slag pot 1, the internal temperature of the copper slag, the pressure and temperature of the heat exchange coil 31, the pressure and temperature of the insertion tube, and the water level and pressure of the steam drum 34, based on the preset target cooling curve and crystallization control requirements. It dynamically adjusts the medium flow rate of each zone of the heat exchange coil 31 and the medium parameters and flow rate of the insertion tube heat exchanger 4, so that the copper slag is cooled at a uniform rate according to the set cooling rate, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the copper slag is controlled within a reasonable range. This avoids the surface layer from solidifying too quickly and forming a hard shell that hinders internal heat dissipation. At the same time, it provides a suitable temperature field and sufficient heat preservation time for the nucleation and growth of the target mineral phase, and realizes the controllable regulation of crystallization particle size, morphology and distribution.

[0053] (5) Pipe removal and slag removal and station reset stage When the copper slag temperature drops to the target outlet temperature, or after the set temperature control crystallization cycle is completed, the control device first cuts off the liquid medium input to the tube heat exchanger 4, and switches to steam or inert gas to purge and vent the tube, discharging the residual liquid medium and reducing the pressure inside the tube. After purging, the second winch 72 drives the tube heat exchanger 4 to slowly move upward. During this process, the lid 12 remains closed to the top of the hoisting slag pot 1. When the outer wall of the tube heat exchanger 4 passes the slag scraping structure 5 inside the lid 12, the segmented scraper 52 on the annular scraper seat 51 adheres to the outer wall of the tube body 41 under the pre-tightening force of the high-temperature spring, scraping the copper slag adhering to the outer wall of the tube back into the hoisting slag pot 1, preventing the slag from being carried out of the pot.

[0054] During the removal of the tube heat exchanger 4, the control device controls the second winch 72 and the foldable gantry mechanism 6 to work together to perform a tube pre-loosening action. Then, the second winch 72 completely pulls the tube heat exchanger 4 out of the hoisting slag pot 1. During the tube removal process, the tube removal force detection sensor monitors the upward resistance in real time. When the resistance exceeds the set threshold, the control device automatically stops continuous upward removal and issues a warning. After the obstacle is manually removed, the tube removal continues.

[0055] After confirming that the tube heat exchanger 4 has been fully pulled out to a safe height, the first winch 71 drives the tank cover 12 to the clearance height. After the control device confirms that both the tank cover 12 and the tube heat exchanger 4 are at a safe height, it drives the cantilever 62 of the foldable gantry mechanism 6 to rotate to the hoisting clearance position and lock it. Finally, the control device outputs a hoisting permission signal, and the overhead crane lifts the hoisting slag tank 1, which has completed temperature control crystallization and waste heat recovery, out of the station and sends it to the subsequent return furnace, crushing, sorting or storage processes. A single station completes the cycle.

[0056] (6) Full-process safety interlocking mechanism The fixed-position copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system operates entirely under multi-level safety interlock control by the control device: When the hoisting slag tank 1 is not in position or its sitting state is abnormal, the tank cover 12 and the insertion tube are prohibited from descending; when the tank cover 12 is not properly closed, the insertion tube is prohibited from being inserted into the copper slag; when the copper slag temperature exceeds the first preset threshold, liquid medium is prohibited from entering the insertion tube heat exchanger 4; when the insertion tube is not fully pulled out to a safe position, the tank cover 12 is prohibited from being raised and the gantry is prohibited from making clearance movements; when the foldable gantry mechanism 6 is not in the clearance position, a crane lifting permit is prohibited; when a leak is detected in the heat exchange coil 31, the water level in the steam drum 34 exceeds the limit, the pressure is abnormal, or other safety anomalies are detected, the system immediately reduces the load, cuts off the medium input, and executes a pressure relief and venting procedure. All actions are executed in a predetermined logical sequence through interlocking to ensure the safe operation of the high-temperature molten slag, water-steam heat exchange system, and hoisting operations.

[0057] This invention, by placing the heat exchange coil 31 on the outer casing 2 of the fixed slag pot, allows the hoisting slag pot 1 to retain its original non-pressurized structure and hoisting and turnover function, avoiding the leakage, interference, and maintenance problems caused by the movement of pressure pipelines with the hoisting slag pot 1. Furthermore, the external coil heat exchange and the internal insertion tube heat exchange work together to achieve controlled cooling of the copper slag along a preset cooling curve, efficiently recovering the waste heat of the copper slag while regulating the crystallization process, adapting to the subsequent crushing, sorting, and other resource-based processing needs. At the same time, the matching foldable gantry mechanism 6 and slag scraping structure 5 take into account the heat exchange support of the workstation and the avoidance requirements of the overhead crane, realizing automatic slag removal during the insertion tube removal process. Combined with the multi-level safety interlock mechanism throughout the process, it improves the system's operational safety, equipment maintainability, and industrial production adaptability.

[0058] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system, characterized in that, include: A hoisting slag pot (1) is used to receive molten slag; A fixed slag tank outer casing (2) is provided with a receiving cavity for accommodating the hoisting slag tank (1); Waste heat recovery component, which is installed inside the fixed slag tank outer jacket (2) and is used to exchange heat with the hoisted slag tank (1); A tube-type heat exchange assembly, which is inserted into molten slag and exchanges heat with the molten slag.

2. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed slag tank outer shell (2) includes a load-bearing base (21), a side wall frame (22), a heat insulation layer (23), and an inner heat-resistant lining layer; the side wall frame (22) is a frame structure with a hollow area; the side wall frame (22) surrounds to form a cavity that runs vertically through the interior, the load-bearing base (21) is located at the lower end of the cavity, and the cavity and the upper surface of the load-bearing base (21) together constitute the receiving cavity; the heat insulation layer (23) is located on the outer wall of the side wall frame (22), and the inner heat-resistant lining layer is located on the inner wall of the side wall frame (22).

3. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The fixed slag tank outer casing (2) also includes several guide ridges (24), which are evenly distributed on the inner wall surface of the side wall frame (22), and each guide ridge (24) is arranged along the direction from the inlet of the receiving cavity to the load-bearing base (21).

4. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery assembly includes a heat exchange coil (31), which is disposed in the hollow area of ​​the side wall frame (22) and fixed on the side wall frame (22).

5. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hoisting slag tank (1) includes a tank body (11) and a tank cover (12), with the tank cover (12) covering the tank body (11).

6. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The tube-type heat exchange assembly includes a tube heat exchanger (4), which is inserted into the molten slag through the tube insertion hole of the tank cover (12), and the tube heat exchanger (4) is provided with a medium flow channel for circulating the heat exchange medium so as to exchange heat with the molten slag.

7. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The can cover (12) is provided with a slag scraping structure (5) at the tube insertion hole, which is used to scrape off the slag shell on the outer wall of the tube heat exchanger (4) during the process of pulling out the tube heat exchanger (4).

8. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The slag scraping structure (5) includes an annular slag scraping seat (51), a scraper (52), and a high-temperature resistant elastic element (53); the annular slag scraping seat (51) is fixed at the insertion hole of the tank cover (12); the scraper (52) is slidably connected to the annular slag scraping seat (51), and there are several of them; the high-temperature resistant elastic element (53) is sleeved on the handle (521) of the scraper (52) and is used to drive the scraper (52) to maintain a preset distance from the outer wall surface of the insertion tube heat exchanger (4) in the radial direction.

9. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a foldable gantry mechanism (6) and a lifting mechanism; the lifting mechanism is fixed on the frame of the foldable gantry mechanism (6) and is used to simultaneously lift the tube heat exchanger (4) and the tank cover (12), or lift the tube heat exchanger (4) or the tank cover (12) separately; the foldable gantry mechanism (6) is fixed on the outside of the fixed slag tank outer jacket (2) and is used to hoist the tube heat exchanger (4) and the tank cover (12) between the preset working position and the avoidance position.

10. The fixed-station copper slag temperature-controlled crystallization waste heat recovery system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The foldable gantry mechanism (6) includes a fixed column (61), a cantilever (62), and a driving component (63); the fixed column (61) is fixed on a fixed foundation; one end of the cantilever (62) is fixed with a rotating shaft, and the cantilever (62) is rotatably connected to the fixed column (61) through the rotating shaft; a driven gear is provided on the rotating shaft, and the driving component (63) drives the cantilever (62) to rotate around the rotating shaft in the horizontal plane through the meshing of the driving gear and the driven gear, so that the cantilever (62) switches between the working position and the avoidance position.

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