Method and system for selective indium extraction from high arsenic, high lead, low indium fly ash bioleaching

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of indium purification control, and discloses a control method for selective indium extraction of high-arsenic high-lead low-indium soot bioleaching, calculates the pseudo-leaching rate of each batch in each state interval, that is, the ratio of the increment of the indium leaching rate in the historical period and the interval length, calculates the average of the interval pseudo-leaching rate, obtains the difference between the pseudo-leaching rate and the average of each batch as the deviation value. If the deviation value of all batches in the interval is less than the preset threshold, the average is set as the recognized leaching rate of the corresponding state interval. The state interval in which the current batch of the reactor is located is obtained, the target indium leaching rate, the current indium leaching rate and the recognized leaching rate of the interval are combined, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated, and then the remaining controllable leaching time is obtained. When the time is less than the preset threshold, the current state interval is matched with the linkage disposal measures and executed, so that the progress of selective indium extraction of high-arsenic high-lead low-indium soot bioleaching can be accurately controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of indium purification control technology, and more specifically, to a control method and system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust. Background Technology

[0002] High-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, a typical byproduct of non-ferrous metal smelting, is usually enriched with rare and valuable metals such as indium, while also containing high levels of harmful impurities such as arsenic and lead. Conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical indium extraction processes generally suffer from limitations such as lengthy processes, poor selective indium leaching, high simultaneous leaching rates of impurities, and difficulties in subsequent separation and purification, making it difficult to achieve efficient and clean utilization of this type of material. Employing a bioleaching process for selective indium extraction from this type of flue dust achieves selective indium leaching while significantly reducing the leaching rates of impurities such as arsenic and lead, balancing valuable metal recovery efficiency with controlled release of harmful substances. This is a feasible technical approach for indium extraction from this type of low-grade, complex flue dust.

[0003] When selectively extracting indium from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust using bioleaching, the extraction progress is difficult to control accurately due to the coupling effects of multiple variable factors. Significant fluctuations in the phase composition, indium occurrence state, and the content and binding morphology of impurities such as arsenic and lead among different batches of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust lead to substantial differences in the reaction rate of the bioleaching process, making it difficult to pre-set uniform reaction cycle parameters. Furthermore, the activity of functional microorganisms in the leaching system is easily affected by changes in environmental parameters such as system temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen content, and nutrient concentration. Fluctuations in microbial metabolic efficiency directly alter the indium leaching rate, making it impossible to guarantee the consistency of the leaching process across batches. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a control method and system for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching. This method and system solves the technical problem of accurately controlling the progress of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, and achieves the technical effect of accurately controlling the progress of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a control method for selective indium extraction via bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust. The method includes: acquiring multiple historical batch records within multiple state intervals; determining the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determining the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; and determining the difference between the simulated leaching rate and the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval, as the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval. Each historical batch record includes initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, indium leaching rate increment value, and arsenic leaching rate increment value. The same state interval corresponds to the same initial indium grade interval, pH value interval, Fe³⁺ concentration value interval, and redox potential value interval. The parameters are: the interval between indium leaching rate increments and the interval between arsenic leaching rate increments; the simulated leaching rate is the ratio of the indium leaching rate increment within a historical time period to the corresponding duration of the state interval; when the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rates corresponding to multiple historical batch records within the state interval are all less than the preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, the average simulated leaching rate is taken as the recognized leaching rate within the state interval; the current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained, and the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate, and current recognized leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval are obtained, the difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate of the reactor is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current recognized leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state interval; the linkage treatment measures are executed on the reactor.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: when at least one historical batch record within a state interval has a simulated leaching rate deviation value greater than or equal to a preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, determining the minimum pH value, maximum pH value, minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value, and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value corresponding to multiple historical batch records within the state interval; using the preset pH value and preset Fe³⁺ concentration value as the division step size, dividing the multiple historical batch records within the state interval into multiple sub-state intervals from the minimum pH value and minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value to the maximum pH value and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value; determining the similarity between each sub-state interval and multiple existing historical batch records in terms of initial indium grade, redox potential value, daily indium leaching rate increment value, and daily arsenic leaching rate increment value, and determining the target historical batch record with the maximum similarity value corresponding to each sub-state interval; incorporating the multiple historical batch records of each sub-state interval into the target state interval corresponding to the target historical batch record; and re-determining the average simulated leaching rate of the target state interval as the target leaching rate of the target state interval.

[0007] In another possible implementation, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range, including: when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the current pH value of the current state range is greater than or equal to 2.0, adding H2SO4 to the reactor until the current pH value is 1.5 to 2.0; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the redox potential value is less than the preset redox potential value, increasing the aeration of the reactor and supplementing with Fe²⁺ or active bacterial solution.

[0008] In another possible implementation, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range, which also includes: when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, and the arsenic dissolution rate increment is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic dissolution rate increment, the bacterial solution is determined to be selectively deteriorated; the pH value of the reactor is increased to the current pH value of 1.5 to 2.0.

[0009] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: acquiring raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate, and arsenic / lead leaching rate corresponding to multiple historical batch records; performing correlation analysis on the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate, and arsenic / lead leaching rate of multiple historical batch records to obtain correlation coefficients corresponding to multiple historical batch records; identifying multiple screened historical batch records with correlation coefficients greater than or equal to preset correlation coefficients; determining the similarity of raw material characteristics and operating parameters between the current batch record of the reactor and multiple screened historical batch records as batch similarity; determining the maximum batch similarity among the similarities of multiple screened historical batch records, and determining the indium leaching rate deviation value of the target screened historical batch record corresponding to the maximum batch similarity; determining the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate and the indium leaching rate deviation value as the remaining indium leaching rate, and determining the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determining the linkage treatment measures according to the current state interval; and implementing the linkage treatment measures on the reactor.

[0010] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: determining a plurality of screening historical batch records arranged in descending order of similarity, and identifying a preset number of target screening historical batch records with the highest similarity among the plurality of screening historical batch records; determining the average value of the indium leaching rate deviation of the preset number of target screening historical batch records as the average indium leaching rate deviation; determining the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate and the average indium leaching rate deviation as the remaining indium leaching rate, and determining the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determining the linkage treatment measures according to the current state interval; and executing the linkage treatment measures on the reactor.

[0011] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: determining a logarithmic value raised to the power of the product of the natural logarithm, the number of bacterial passages, and the strain-specific decay constant, as the viability decay coefficient; determining the product of the current leaching rate and the viability decay coefficient corresponding to the current state interval, as the corrected leaching rate; determining the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate, and the indium leaching rate deviation value, as the remaining indium leaching rate, and determining the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate, as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determining the linkage treatment measures according to the current state interval; and implementing the linkage treatment measures on the reactor.

[0012] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: determining the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate as the remaining indium leaching rate; determining the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determining the linkage treatment measures according to the current state range; and implementing the linkage treatment measures on the reactor.

[0013] In another possible implementation, the method further includes: determining the lead leaching rate increment of the current batch recorded in the reactor; determining the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the lead leaching rate increment; wherein the lead passivation shielding coefficient characterizes the degree of influence of the PbSO4 coating layer on the indium leaching effect, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient is smaller when the lead leaching rate increment is larger; determining the product of the current recognition leaching rate, the bacterial activity attenuation coefficient, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the current state interval as the corrected recognition leaching rate.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a control system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, including units for implementing the above-described method.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the embodiments in this application compared with the prior art are:

[0016] This application provides a control method for selective indium extraction via bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust. The method includes: acquiring multiple historical batch records within multiple state intervals; determining the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determining the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determining the difference between the simulated leaching rate and the average simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval, as the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; the simulated leaching rate is the ratio of the indium leaching rate increment within a historical time period to the corresponding duration of the state interval; when the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rates for the multiple historical batch records within a state interval are all less than a predetermined value, the method is used to control the extraction of indium. When the leaching rate deviates from the set value, the average leaching rate is taken as the recognized leaching rate within the state interval. The current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained, and the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate, and current recognized leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval are obtained. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate of the reactor is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current recognized leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state interval. The linkage treatment measures are then implemented on the reactor. In this embodiment, the current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained. Combined with the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate and current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval, the remaining indium leaching rate and remaining controllable leaching time are calculated. This allows for precise control of the indium leaching progress in the bioleaching process of high arsenic, high lead and low indium flue dust. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures corresponding to the current state interval are matched and executed. This allows for timely adjustment of the operating conditions when the indium leaching is close to the target value. While ensuring indium leaching efficiency, excessive dissolution of impurities such as arsenic and lead is avoided, improving the selectivity of the indium extraction process and reducing the cost of subsequent impurity separation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the first control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in this application embodiment;

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the workflow of the first control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart of a second control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the workflow for a second control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue gas via bioleaching, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic flowchart of the third control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the workflow of the third control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic flowchart of the fourth control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the workflow of the fourth control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 9 A schematic flowchart of the fifth control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the workflow of the fifth control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 11 A schematic flowchart of the sixth control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the workflow of the sixth control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in this application embodiment;

[0030] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the logic structure of a control system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be understood that, when used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or a collection thereof.

[0032] It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0033] As used in this application specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if detected [the described condition or event]" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as meaning "once determined," "in response to determination," "once detected [the described condition or event]," or "in response to detection [the described condition or event]."

[0034] Furthermore, in the description of this application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0035] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0036] When selectively extracting indium from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust using a bioleaching process, the extraction progress is difficult to control accurately due to the combined effects of multiple variable factors.

[0037] Based on the above reasons, this application provides a control method for selective indium extraction via bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust. The method includes: acquiring multiple historical batch records within multiple state intervals; determining the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determining the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determining the difference between the simulated leaching rate and the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval, as the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; the simulated leaching rate is the ratio of the indium leaching rate increment within a historical time period to the corresponding duration of the state interval; when the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rates corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within a state interval are all less than a predetermined value... When the leaching rate deviates from the set value, the average leaching rate is taken as the recognized leaching rate within the state interval. The current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained, and the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate, and current recognized leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval are obtained. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate of the reactor is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current recognized leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state interval. The linkage treatment measures are then implemented on the reactor. In this embodiment, the current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained. Combined with the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate and current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval, the remaining indium leaching rate and remaining controllable leaching time are calculated. This allows for precise control of the indium leaching progress in the bioleaching process of high arsenic, high lead and low indium flue dust. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures corresponding to the current state interval are matched and executed. This allows for timely adjustment of the operating conditions when the indium leaching is close to the target value. While ensuring indium leaching efficiency, excessive dissolution of impurities such as arsenic and lead is avoided, improving the selectivity of the indium extraction process and reducing the cost of subsequent impurity separation.

[0038] In some scenarios, the selective indium extraction control method for bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust according to the embodiments of this application can be applied to the large-scale indium extraction production of bulk indium-containing flue dust in smelters, accurately controlling the leaching time, inhibiting the leaching of arsenic and lead impurities, and improving indium extraction efficiency and operational safety.

[0039] In other scenarios, the selective indium extraction control method for bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust according to the embodiments of this application can also be applied to the experimental production scenarios of indium-containing flue dust in small and medium-sized factories, quickly adapting the process parameters of flue dust with different compositions, reducing trial and error costs, and stabilizing the recovery rate of indium extraction in small batches.

[0040] The following describes in detail, with specific examples, a method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust through bioleaching, as provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0041] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of the first control method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of this application, a method for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high arsenic, high lead, and low indium flue dust is provided. The method includes steps S110 to S120, which are described in detail below.

[0042] S110. Obtain multiple historical batch records within multiple state intervals. Determine the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval. Determine the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval. Determine the difference between the simulated leaching rate and the average simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval, as the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval. Each historical batch record includes initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, indium leaching rate increment value, and arsenic leaching rate increment value. The same state interval corresponds to the same initial indium grade interval, pH value interval, Fe³⁺ concentration value interval, redox potential value interval, indium leaching rate increment value interval, and arsenic leaching rate increment value interval. The simulated leaching rate is the ratio of the indium leaching rate increment value within the historical time period to the corresponding duration of the state interval.

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the workflow for the first control method of selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, in this implementation, multiple state intervals divided under different process conditions can be filtered from the historical database of indium leaching production, and all historical batch production records corresponding to each state interval can be extracted. Grouping can be completed according to the interval range of process conditions, ensuring that the historical batch records within each state interval meet the requirements of all process parameter ranges corresponding to that interval.

[0044] For example, 120 complete production batch records within three months are exported from the historical database of the leaching process of a hydrometallurgical indium plant. According to the preset process parameter interval division rules, the 120 historical batch records are classified into different status intervals to complete the acquisition of historical batch records in different status intervals.

[0045] In this implementation, the simulated leaching rate for each historical batch record within each state interval can be calculated. The simulated leaching rate is calculated by combining the indium leaching rate increment value of the historical batch record with the duration corresponding to the state interval. The calculation result can reflect the leaching efficiency level of the batch under the corresponding process conditions.

[0046] For example, for a historical batch record belonging to state interval A, the corresponding indium leaching rate increment is 8.2%, and the leaching reaction time corresponding to state interval A is 4 hours. The proposed leaching rate of this batch can be obtained by directly dividing the indium leaching rate increment by the corresponding time.

[0047] For example, if the indium leaching rate increment corresponding to a certain historical batch record is 9.6%, and the corresponding duration of the state interval for this batch is 4 hours, the simulated leaching rate can be calculated as 9.6% ÷ 4 = 2.4% per hour. If the indium leaching rate increment corresponding to another historical batch record is 7.2%, and the corresponding duration of the state interval is 3 hours, the simulated leaching rate can be calculated as 7.2% ÷ 3 = 2.4% per hour.

[0048] In this implementation, the average simulated leaching rate for each state interval can be calculated for all calculated simulated leaching rates within that interval. The average simulated leaching rate reflects the average efficiency level of the indium leaching process under the corresponding process conditions, providing basic data for subsequent calculations of deviation values.

[0049] For example, if state interval B contains a total of 5 historical batch records, after calculating 5 simulated immersion rates in sequence, add the 5 simulated immersion rates together and divide by the batch number 5 to obtain the average simulated immersion rate corresponding to state interval B.

[0050] For example, a certain state interval contains 5 sets of historical batch records, with corresponding simulated immersion rates of 2.1% per hour, 2.3% per hour, 2.2% per hour, 2.4% per hour, and 2.0% per hour, respectively. The sum of the five simulated immersion rates is 11.0% per hour, which is then divided by the batch number of 5 to calculate the average simulated immersion rate of 2.2% per hour.

[0051] In this implementation, the simulated leaching rate of each historical batch record within each state interval is subtracted from the average simulated leaching rate of that state interval. The difference obtained is the simulated leaching rate deviation value for that batch. The simulated leaching rate deviation value reflects the degree to which the leaching rate of a single batch deviates from the average level of that state interval, and is used to measure the stability of the leaching rate under the process conditions.

[0052] For example, the average simulated immersion rate corresponding to state interval C is 2.2% per hour. The simulated immersion rate of a certain batch within this interval is 2.4% per hour. Subtracting 2.2% per hour from 2.4% per hour gives a difference of 0.2% per hour. This difference is the deviation value of the simulated immersion rate corresponding to that batch.

[0053] In this implementation, the rule for dividing state intervals is that the same state interval must simultaneously meet the range requirements of six parameters: initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, indium leaching rate increment value, and arsenic leaching rate increment value. Only historical batch records in which all six parameters fall within the corresponding range can be assigned to that state interval.

[0054] For example, three different state intervals can be obtained. Each state interval corresponds to different range combinations of six parameters. At least one parameter range does not overlap between different state intervals, ensuring that all historical batch records can be uniquely assigned to the corresponding state interval.

[0055] For example, three state intervals are obtained. State interval 1 corresponds to an initial indium grade of 0.5%~1.0%, a pH value of 1.0~1.5, an Fe³⁺ concentration of 8 g / L~12 g / L, a redox potential of 400 mV~450 mV, an indium leaching rate increment of 5%~10%, and an arsenic leaching rate increment of 10%~15%. State interval 2 corresponds to an initial indium grade of 1.0%~1.5%, a pH value of 1.5~2.0, an Fe³⁺ concentration of 4 g / L~8 g / L, a redox potential of 350 mV~400 mV, an indium leaching rate increment of 10%~15%, and an arsenic leaching rate increment of 15%~20%. The initial indium grade range corresponding to state range 3 is 1.5%~2.0%, pH value range is 2.0~2.5, Fe³⁺ concentration range is 12g / L~16g / L, redox potential range is 450mV~500mV, indium leaching rate increment range is 15%~20%, and arsenic leaching rate increment range is 20%~25%.

[0056] It should be noted that the initial indium grade can be determined by taking a representative flue gas sample before the start of the bioleaching batch, digesting it completely with a mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid via microwave or by boiling it in aqua regia, filtering it to a fixed volume, and measuring the indium concentration in the solution using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The initial indium grade can then be calculated back to the dry basis of the flue gas. The pH value and redox potential value can be determined by directly implanting a composite pH electrode (for pH measurement) and a platinum-calomel / AgCl reference redox electrode (for ORP measurement) in the reactor, and reading them online or taking samples at regular intervals for calibration at room temperature. The Fe³⁺ concentration can be determined by taking the supernatant after filtering the leachate slurry and using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (thiocyanate colorimetric method, λ≈480). Quantitative analysis can be performed using either the 1,10-phenanthroline reduction-spectroscopy method (total iron is measured first, and then SnCl2 reduction is used to distinguish Fe²⁺ / Fe³⁺). Indium and arsenic can also be measured simultaneously using ICP-OES. The increments in indium leaching rate and arsenic dissolution rate are determined by taking an equal amount of slurry from the reactor at fixed time intervals, immediately filtering to separate the solid and liquid. The liquid is analyzed for In and As concentrations using ICP-OES, and the solid is stored, dried, and then the residual In and As are measured using the same digestion method. The cumulative leaching rate is obtained by dividing the cumulative liquid phase In (or As) amount at the end of the current period by the total In (or As) amount in the batch of feed ash. The difference between the cumulative values ​​of the current period and the previous period is the corresponding increment value.

[0057] In this implementation, each historical batch record contains six process and effect parameters. Each parameter needs to be compared sequentially to see if it falls within the range of the corresponding state interval. Only when all parameters meet the requirements can the record be determined to belong to that state interval. All historical batch records need to undergo this assignment determination to ensure that all records within each state interval meet the interval requirements.

[0058] For example, after extracting a historical batch record, the initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, indium leaching rate increment value, and arsenic leaching rate increment value are extracted sequentially from the record. Then, they are compared with the parameter ranges of each state interval to determine the state interval to which the record belongs.

[0059] For example, the specific parameters recorded for a certain historical batch are: initial indium grade 0.82%, pH value 1.2, Fe³⁺ concentration 10.2 g / L, redox potential 421 mV, indium leaching rate increment 8.2%, and arsenic leaching rate increment 12.1%. Comparing these six parameters with the parameter ranges of the three state intervals mentioned above, all six parameters fall within the parameter range of state interval 1. Therefore, this historical batch record is determined to belong to state interval 1. Another historical batch recorded the parameters as follows: initial indium grade 1.24%, pH value 1.7, Fe³⁺ concentration 6.3 g / L, redox potential 382 mV, indium leaching rate increment 12.3%, and arsenic leaching rate increment 17.5%. After comparison, all six parameters fall within the range of state interval 2. Therefore, this record is determined to belong to state interval 2.

[0060] S120. When the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rate corresponding to multiple historical batch records within the state interval are all less than the preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, the average simulated leaching rate is taken as the recognized leaching rate within the state interval. The current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained, along with the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate, and current recognized leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current recognized leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the coordinated response measures are determined based on the current state interval. The coordinated response measures are then implemented on the reactor.

[0061] In this implementation, the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rate corresponding to all historical batch records within each state interval are compared one by one to determine whether they are all less than the preset deviation value. If the condition is met, the average value of the simulated leaching rate calculated before that state interval is recognized as the leaching rate for that state interval. Only when the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rate of all batches meet the requirements can the leaching rate stability of that state interval be considered to have met the standard, and the average value can be used as the standard rate.

[0062] For example, if there are 6 historical batch records in state interval 1, the deviation value of the simulated immersion rate corresponding to each record is extracted in turn and compared with the preset deviation value of the simulated immersion rate one by one. After confirming that all the deviation values ​​of the simulated immersion rate are less than the preset value, the average value of the simulated immersion rate in state interval 1 is set as the immersion rate of the interval.

[0063] For example, the preset leaching rate deviation value is set according to the process's requirements for leaching rate stability. In this case, the preset leaching rate deviation value is set to 0.3% per hour. There are a total of 5 leaching rate deviation values ​​in state interval 1, which are -0.2% per hour, +0.1% per hour, -0.15% per hour, +0.25% per hour, and 0% per hour, respectively. The absolute value of each leaching rate deviation value is compared, and all absolute values ​​are less than 0.3% per hour, so the condition is determined to be met.

[0064] In this implementation, all parameters corresponding to the batch currently being produced by the leaching reactor can be extracted. According to the state interval division rules, the current state interval to which the current batch belongs can be matched. Then, the leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval can be retrieved from the storage system. At the same time, the target indium leaching rate and the indium leaching rate already reached for the current batch can be obtained. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate can be calculated to obtain the remaining indium leaching rate that needs to continue leaching to reach the target. Then, the remaining indium leaching rate is divided by the current leaching rate to obtain the remaining controllable leaching time that needs to be maintained for leaching.

[0065] For example, if all parameters of the current production batch fall into state interval 1, the current state interval is matched and determined to be state interval 1. The leaching rate stored in state interval 1 is retrieved, and then the target indium leaching rate set in the production system and the current indium leaching rate obtained by the current detection are obtained. After calculating the difference to obtain the remaining indium leaching rate, the corresponding remaining controllable leaching time is calculated.

[0066] For example, the parameters recorded for the current batch are: initial indium grade 0.76%, pH value 1.3, Fe³⁺ concentration value 9.8 g / L, redox potential value 418 mV, current indium leaching rate increment 6.8%, and current arsenic leaching rate increment 11.2%. The six parameters are compared with the preset state range in turn. All parameters fall within the range of state range 1. Therefore, the current state range corresponding to the current batch is determined to be state range 1.

[0067] For example, if the target indium leaching rate for the current batch is set to 85%, and the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 85% - 76% = 9% by subtracting the current indium leaching rate from the target indium leaching rate.

[0068] For example, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 9%, the current leaching rate of the current state interval is obtained as 2.25% per hour, and the remaining controllable leaching time is calculated by dividing the remaining indium leaching rate by the current leaching rate as 9% ÷ 2.25% per hour = 4 hours.

[0069] In this implementation, the calculated remaining controllable leaching time can be compared with the preset remaining controllable leaching time. If the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, it indicates that the leaching progress of the current batch is too fast. It is necessary to call the linkage treatment measures according to the preset rules corresponding to the current state interval, and then directly send the linkage treatment measures to the reactor control system for execution.

[0070] For example, if the remaining controllable leaching time for the current batch is calculated to be 2 hours and the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, and after comparison it is confirmed that the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures corresponding to the current state interval are invoked and sent to the leaching reactor for execution.

[0071] For example, state interval 1 corresponds to process conditions with a low initial indium grade and a moderate Fe³⁺ concentration. The corresponding intervention measure is to reduce the stirring speed by 10% and maintain the current leaching temperature. State interval 2 corresponds to process conditions with a moderate initial indium grade and a low Fe³⁺ concentration. The corresponding intervention measure is to slowly add a 5% Fe³⁺ solution, with the addition amount being 2% of the reactor volume, while maintaining the stirring speed and temperature. State interval 3 corresponds to process conditions with a high initial indium grade and a high Fe³⁺ concentration. The corresponding intervention measure is to reduce the leaching temperature by 2°C and maintain the stirring speed.

[0072] For example, the current state interval is state interval 1, and the corresponding linkage response measure is to reduce the stirring speed by 10%. The control system directly sends a speed adjustment command to the stirring drive motor of the leaching reactor. The motor adjusts the current speed from the original 120 r / min to 108 r / min. After the adjustment is completed, the adjustment completion signal is fed back to the central control system to complete the execution of this linkage response measure.

[0073] This implementation method statistically analyzes historical batch records containing initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration, redox potential, indium leaching rate increment, and arsenic leaching rate increment within each state interval. It then calculates the simulated leaching rate, the average simulated leaching rate, and the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate for each state interval. By using this method, the recognized leaching rate corresponding to each state interval can be obtained, ensuring the accuracy of the indium leaching rate reference value under different operating conditions and providing a reliable basis for subsequent process control.

[0074] This implementation method obtains the current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor. By combining the target indium leaching rate, the current indium leaching rate, and the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval, the remaining indium leaching rate and the remaining controllable leaching time are calculated. This allows for precise control of the indium leaching progress in the bioleaching process of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures corresponding to the current state interval are matched and executed. This allows for timely adjustment of the operating conditions when the indium leaching is close to the target value. While ensuring indium leaching efficiency, it avoids excessive dissolution of impurities such as arsenic and lead, improves the selectivity of the indium extraction process, and reduces the cost of subsequent impurity separation.

[0075] Figure 3 A schematic flowchart of the second method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust through bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, in some implementations, the above method also includes S130 to S140, which will be described in detail below.

[0076] S130. When at least one historical batch record in the state interval has a simulated immersion rate deviation value that is greater than or equal to a preset simulated immersion rate deviation value, determine the minimum pH value, maximum pH value, minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value, and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value corresponding to multiple historical batch records in the state interval.

[0077] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the workflow for the second method of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue gas through bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, in this implementation, the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rate recorded in all historical batches within the target state interval can be determined one by one according to the preset simulated leaching rate deviation value. As long as there is at least one simulated leaching rate deviation value greater than or equal to the preset value, the subsequent extreme value extraction process is triggered. The minimum and maximum extreme values ​​of pH value and Fe³⁺ concentration value are extracted from all historical batch records in this state interval to provide boundary references for subsequent process adjustments.

[0078] For example, there are 6 historical batch records in state interval 2. After comparing them one by one, it was found that the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate of one record is greater than the preset deviation value of the simulated leaching rate. Therefore, the extreme value extraction process is triggered to select the minimum and maximum values ​​from the pH values ​​of the 6 records, and then select the minimum and maximum values ​​from the Fe³⁺ concentration values.

[0079] For example, the preset immersion rate deviation value is 0.3% per hour. There are 6 immersion rate deviation values ​​in state interval 2, which are +0.22% per hour, -0.18% per hour, +0.41% per hour, -0.25% per hour, +0.11% per hour, and 0% per hour. After comparing the absolute values, it is found that the absolute value of +0.41% per hour is greater than 0.3% per hour, so it is determined that the triggering condition is met.

[0080] In this implementation, the pH values ​​carried by all historical batch records within the target state range can be extracted, all pH values ​​can be sorted according to their numerical values, and the value ranked first can be directly extracted as the minimum pH value, and the value ranked last can be extracted as the maximum pH value, thus completing the extreme value screening and determination.

[0081] For example, state interval 2 has 6 historical batch records. After extracting the pH values ​​of all records, the pH values ​​are arranged in ascending order. The first and last values ​​after the arrangement are directly taken as the minimum and maximum pH values ​​of this state interval, respectively.

[0082] For example, the pH values ​​of the six historical batch records extracted from state interval 2 are 1.6, 1.8, 1.7, 1.9, 1.5, and 1.7, respectively. All pH values ​​are sorted in ascending order to obtain the sequence 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9. After sorting, the first value 1.5 is determined as the minimum pH value, and the last value 1.9 is determined as the maximum pH value.

[0083] In this implementation, the Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​carried by all historical batch records within the target state interval can be extracted, all Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​can be sorted according to their numerical values, and the value ranked first can be directly extracted as the minimum Fe³⁺ concentration, and the value ranked last can be extracted as the maximum Fe³⁺ concentration, thus completing the extreme value screening and determination.

[0084] For example, for 6 historical batch records in state interval 2, after extracting the Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​of all records, sort them in ascending order, and take the first and last values ​​after sorting as the minimum and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​of this state interval, respectively.

[0085] For example, the Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​of the six historical batch records extracted within state interval 2 are 5.2 g / L, 6.8 g / L, 4.9 g / L, 7.1 g / L, 6.3 g / L, and 5.8 g / L, respectively. All Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​are sorted in ascending order to obtain the sequence 4.9 g / L, 5.2 g / L, 5.8 g / L, 6.3 g / L, 6.8 g / L, and 7.1 g / L. The first value after sorting, 4.9 g / L, is determined as the minimum Fe³⁺ concentration, and the last value, 7.1 g / L, is determined as the maximum Fe³⁺ concentration.

[0086] S140. Using preset pH and preset Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​as the division step size, divide multiple historical batch records within the state interval into multiple sub-state intervals, starting from the minimum pH and minimum Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​to the maximum pH and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration values. Determine the similarity between each sub-state interval and multiple existing historical batch records for initial indium grade, redox potential values, daily indium leaching rate increment, and daily arsenic leaching rate increment, and determine the target historical batch record for the maximum similarity value corresponding to each sub-state interval. Incorporate multiple historical batch records for each sub-state interval into the target state interval corresponding to the target historical batch record. Redetermine the average leaching rate of the target state interval as the target recognized leaching rate of the target state interval.

[0087] In this implementation, a preset pH value can be used as the division step size in the pH direction, and a preset Fe³⁺ concentration value can be used as the division step size in the Fe³⁺ concentration direction. Starting from the minimum pH value and the minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value that have been determined in this state interval, the division step size is gradually added until the entire range of the maximum pH value and the maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value is covered, thus dividing the state into multiple grid-like sub-state intervals. Each sub-state interval corresponds to a smaller range of pH and Fe³⁺ concentration combinations.

[0088] For example, the target state interval has a minimum pH of 1.5 and a maximum pH of 1.9, a minimum Fe³⁺ concentration of 4.9 g / L and a maximum Fe³⁺ concentration of 7.1 g / L. By dividing the interval stepwise according to a preset step size, multiple sub-state intervals with different combinations of pH and Fe³⁺ concentration ranges are obtained.

[0089] For example, the preset pH value division step size is 0.2, and the preset Fe³⁺ concentration value division step size is 1 g / L. The pH range starts from 1.5 and is successively divided into two pH sub-intervals: 1.5~1.7 and 1.7~1.9. The Fe³⁺ concentration range starts from 4.9 g / L and is successively divided into three Fe³⁺ concentration sub-intervals: 4.9~5.9 g / L, 5.9~6.9 g / L, and 6.9~7.9 g / L. After combination, a total of 6 sub-state intervals are obtained.

[0090] In this implementation, for each sub-state interval, the similarity calculation can be performed on the parameters of all historical batch records in the sub-interval and the parameters of all other existing state intervals (existing target state intervals). The matching similarity of four parameters, namely initial indium grade, redox potential value, daily indium leaching rate increment value, and daily arsenic leaching rate increment value, can be calculated to obtain the overall similarity of each sub-state interval to different existing state intervals.

[0091] For example, for the first sub-state interval, the similarity is calculated with the five existing state intervals in the system in turn, and the five similarity values ​​for the five existing state intervals are obtained.

[0092] For example, the similarity is calculated using Euclidean distance. The average value of the four parameters of the sub-state interval to be matched is (initial indium grade 1.2%, redox potential value 370mV, daily indium leaching rate increment value 11.5%, daily arsenic leaching rate increment value 16.5%). The center values ​​of the four parameters of a certain existing state interval are (1.22%, 368mV, 11.6%, 16.3%). The distance value is obtained by taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences of the four parameters, and the corresponding similarity is 0.92.

[0093] In this implementation, the similarity values ​​of all existing state intervals corresponding to a certain sub-state interval can be sorted by size, and the largest similarity value after sorting can be extracted as the maximum similarity value. The existing state interval corresponding to the maximum similarity value is the target state interval to which the target historical batch record belongs.

[0094] For example, if the similarity between a certain sub-state interval and the five existing state intervals are 0.82, 0.91, 0.76, 0.88, and 0.69 respectively, and the maximum value after sorting is 0.91, then the corresponding existing state interval is the target state interval.

[0095] In this implementation, all historical batch records contained in the current sub-state interval can be transferred to the matched target state interval and added to the original set of historical batch records in the target state interval, thus completing the batch record update of the target state interval and providing complete sample data for subsequent recalculation of the average immersion rate.

[0096] For example, if the current sub-state interval contains 2 historical batch records, and the target state interval obtained by matching is state interval 2, then these 2 historical batch records are directly added to the original set of 6 historical batch records in state interval 2, and the batch set of state interval 2 is updated.

[0097] For example, sub-state interval 1-1 contains 2 historical batch records. The target state interval obtained by matching is state interval 2. In the batch grouping table of the factory MES system, the grouping identifier of these 2 historical batch records is modified to the identifier of state interval 2, thus completing the operation of incorporating the historical batch records of the sub-state interval into the target state interval.

[0098] In this implementation, for the target state interval after updating the batch records, the simulated leaching rate of all historical batch records in the set can be re-extracted, the arithmetic mean of all simulated leaching rates can be recalculated, and the recalculated average simulated leaching rate can be determined as the final target leaching rate for the target state interval, replacing the original leaching rate for subsequent leaching time prediction.

[0099] For example, after the target state interval is updated, there are a total of 8 historical batch records. The simulated immersion rates of all records are extracted and the average value is calculated again to obtain a new average simulated immersion rate, which is used as the target immersion rate for the target state interval.

[0100] For example, after the target state interval is updated, there are a total of 8 historical batch records, with corresponding simulated immersion rates of 2.0% per hour, 2.1% per hour, 2.1% per hour, 2.2% per hour, 2.2% per hour, 2.3% per hour, 2.3% per hour, and 2.4% per hour, respectively. The sum is 17.6% per hour, which is divided by the number of batches of 8 to obtain the average simulated immersion rate of 2.2% per hour. This value is determined as the target immersion rate of the target state interval.

[0101] With this implementation, when there are historical batch records in the state interval whose simulated leaching rate deviation value is greater than or equal to the preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, the minimum pH value, maximum pH value, minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value, and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value of the historical batch records in the state interval are extracted first. This can accurately locate the range of parameter fluctuations, provide accurate boundary basis for subsequent interval refinement and splitting, and avoid invalid interval division.

[0102] This implementation method uses preset pH and preset Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​as step sizes to divide the original state interval into multiple sub-state intervals. Then, it matches the target historical batch records with the highest similarity to each sub-state interval and assigns the historical batches of the sub-state intervals to the corresponding target state intervals. This effectively eliminates the interference of operating condition parameter deviations on rate statistics and improves the adaptability of the leaching rate recognition. The average value of the simulated leaching rate of the target state interval is recalculated to obtain the target leaching rate, which can further optimize the accuracy of the rate reference value under different operating conditions. This makes the subsequent calculation of the remaining controllable leaching time more consistent with the actual operating conditions and ensures the control accuracy of the indium extraction process.

[0103] In some implementations, in the above-mentioned S120, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range, including: when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, and the current pH value of the current state range is greater than or equal to 2.0, adding H2SO4 to the reactor until the current pH value is 1.5 to 2.0.

[0104] In this implementation, two conditions can be determined sequentially: first, confirm whether the calculated remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time; then, detect and obtain the current pH value corresponding to the current state range, and confirm whether the current pH value is greater than or equal to 2.0. When both conditions are met, the H2SO4 addition operation is triggered to adjust the pH value of the leached slurry in the reactor to the range of 1.5 to 2.0.

[0105] For example, the remaining controllable leaching time calculated for the current batch is 2 hours, the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, and the current pH value is detected to be 2.2. Both conditions are met, thus triggering the H2SO4 addition adjustment operation.

[0106] For example, the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours. The calculated remaining controllable leaching time for the current batch is 2 hours, which satisfies the condition that the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time. The online pH meter detects that the current pH value in the current state range is 2.3, which satisfies the condition that the current pH value is greater than or equal to 2.0. When both conditions are met simultaneously, the H2SO4 addition operation is triggered.

[0107] In this implementation, the required volume of dilute H2SO4 can be calculated based on the current slurry volume and pH value in the reactor. H2SO4 is then slowly added to the reactor using a metering pump. During the addition process, the pH value is continuously monitored online. When the detected pH value falls within the range of 1.5 to 2.0, the addition of H2SO4 is stopped, and the pH adjustment operation is completed.

[0108] For example, if there is 10 m³ of leaching slurry in the reactor and the current pH value is 2.2, it is calculated that 0.12 m³ of dilute H₂SO₄ with a concentration of 10% needs to be added. Start the metering pump to add the slurry, pause for 2 minutes after every 0.02 m³ is added to wait for the pH value to stabilize, and stop adding the slurry when the pH value reaches 1.8.

[0109] In some implementations, in the above-mentioned S120, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range, which also includes: when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the oxidation-reduction potential value is less than the preset oxidation-reduction potential value, increasing the aeration to the reactor and supplementing Fe²⁺ or active bacterial solution.

[0110] In this implementation, two conditions can be determined sequentially: first, it is confirmed whether the calculated remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time; then, the redox potential value of the current leaching slurry is detected online to confirm whether the redox potential value is less than the preset redox potential value. When both conditions are met, the operations of increasing aeration and supplementing materials are executed sequentially to enhance the leaching reaction intensity.

[0111] For example, the remaining controllable leaching time calculated for the current batch is 2 hours, the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, the online detection shows an oxidation-reduction potential value of 360mV, and the preset oxidation-reduction potential value is 400mV. Both conditions are met, so the operation of increasing ventilation and replenishing the corresponding material is triggered.

[0112] For example, the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, and the calculated remaining controllable leaching time for the current batch is 2 hours, satisfying the condition that the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time. The preset oxidation-reduction potential value is 400mV, and the online detection shows that the current oxidation-reduction potential value is 370mV, satisfying the condition that the oxidation-reduction potential value is less than the preset oxidation-reduction potential value. When both conditions are met simultaneously, the treatment operation is triggered.

[0113] In this implementation, the aeration rate can be increased based on the original aeration rate according to a preset ratio. After adjustment, the aeration state is maintained. The oxidation-reduction potential value is detected at fixed intervals to confirm the potential change. It is not necessary to adjust the rate too much at once to avoid slurry overflow or excessive oxidation.

[0114] For example, the original aeration rate of the reactor was 5 m³ / min. After increasing the aeration rate according to the preset ratio, it was adjusted to 6 m³ / min. After adjustment, the aeration was maintained, and the oxidation-reduction potential value was detected every 5 minutes to observe the potential increase.

[0115] For example, the original ventilation volume is 5 m³ / min, the preset adjustment range is an increase of 20%, and the calculated target ventilation volume after adjustment is 6 m³ / min. The control system adjusts the opening of the electric regulating valve of the ventilation pipeline to increase the ventilation volume to 6 m³ / min. After adjustment, the oxidation-reduction potential value is detected every 5 minutes. If the potential still does not meet the standard, further adjustments will be made gradually.

[0116] In this implementation, the amount of Fe²⁺ material to be added can be calculated based on the current slurry volume, the current Fe³⁺ concentration, and the target Fe³⁺ concentration. The Fe²⁺ solution is prepared with a preset concentration and slowly added to the reactor through a metering pump. After the addition is completed, the mixture is stirred evenly and the concentration is allowed to stabilize.

[0117] For example, if the volume of slurry in the reactor is 10 m³, the current Fe²⁺ concentration is 2 g / L, and the target concentration is 3 g / L, it is calculated that 10 kg of Fe²⁺ needs to be added, which is prepared as a 10% FeSO₄ solution. This solution is then added to the reactor evenly over 5 minutes using a metering pump. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for another 10 minutes to ensure uniform concentration.

[0118] In this implementation, the required volume of active bacterial solution can be calculated based on the current slurry volume and the current concentration of leaching bacteria. The active bacterial solution stored in the low-temperature storage tank is preheated to the leaching reaction temperature and then added to the reactor through a sterile pipeline to avoid contamination by other bacteria that could affect the leaching effect.

[0119] For example, if the volume of slurry in the reactor is 10 m³ and the current concentration of active bacteria is below the threshold, it is calculated that 0.2 m³ of active bacterial solution with a concentration of 10^7 cfu / mL needs to be added. The bacterial solution is preheated to 60°C and added to the reactor through a sterile metering pump. After the addition is completed, stirring is maintained.

[0120] With this implementation, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the current pH value of the current state range is greater than or equal to 2.0, adding H2SO4 to the reactor to bring the current pH value to 1.5 to 2.0 can quickly adjust the reaction acidity environment, which can not only ensure the leaching efficiency of indium, but also inhibit the excessive dissolution of impurities such as arsenic and lead, and improve the indium extraction selectivity.

[0121] This method allows for rapid enhancement of the oxidation capacity of the reaction system and acceleration of indium leaching rate when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the redox potential value is less than the preset redox potential value. This ensures the timely achievement of the target indium leaching rate by increasing the aeration rate of the reactor and supplementing it with Fe²⁺ or active bacterial solution. Furthermore, by matching corresponding linkage measures to different operating conditions with insufficient remaining controllable leaching time, precise control of the leaching process can be achieved, avoiding indiscriminate adjustments that interfere with the reaction system, reducing the cost of subsequent impurity treatment, and improving the stability of the indium extraction process.

[0122] In some implementations, in S120 above, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the coordinated treatment measures are determined based on the current state range. This further includes: when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, and the arsenic leaching rate increment is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic leaching rate increment, then the bacterial solution is determined to be selectively degraded. The pH value of the reactor is increased to a current pH value of 1.5 to 2.0.

[0123] In this implementation, two conditions can be determined sequentially: first, confirm whether the calculated remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time; then, detect and obtain the daily arsenic leaching rate increment value, and confirm whether the arsenic leaching rate increment value is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic leaching rate increment value. When both conditions are met simultaneously, it is determined that the leaching active bacterial solution in the current reactor has undergone selective degradation, and then a pH adjustment operation is performed to adjust the pH value to the range of 1.5 to 2.0.

[0124] For example, if the remaining controllable leaching time for the current batch is calculated to be 2 hours, and the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, and the detected daily arsenic leaching rate increment is 18%, and the preset arsenic leaching rate increment is 15%, both conditions are met. Therefore, it is determined that the bacterial solution is selectively deteriorating, triggering the pH adjustment operation.

[0125] For example, the preset remaining controllable leaching time is 3 hours, and the calculated remaining controllable leaching time for the current batch is 2 hours, satisfying the condition that the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time. The preset arsenic leaching rate increment is 15%, and the detected current arsenic leaching rate increment is 18%, satisfying the condition that the arsenic leaching rate increment is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic leaching rate increment. When both conditions are met simultaneously, the process proceeds to the judgment stage.

[0126] In this implementation, in the process of bioleaching indium, the selectivity of the active bacterial solution refers to the characteristic of the bacterial solution preferentially leaching indium and inhibiting arsenic dissolution. When the remaining leaching progress is too fast and the arsenic dissolution exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the bacterial solution begins to leach indiscriminately and the selectivity decreases. Therefore, it is directly judged as bacterial solution selectivity deterioration.

[0127] For example, if the current batch meets both conditions, it indicates that although the leaching process is fast, too much arsenic is dissolved, and the bacterial solution cannot maintain selectivity for indium leaching. Therefore, it is determined that the bacterial solution selectivity has deteriorated.

[0128] For example, in a bioleaching process, a qualified selective bacterial solution will control the arsenic dissolution rate while ensuring the indium leaching rate. When the remaining controllable leaching time is too short, it indicates that the current indium leaching rate is too fast. At the same time, if the increase in the arsenic dissolution rate exceeds the threshold, it indicates that the arsenic dissolution rate is increasing simultaneously, and the bacterial solution loses its selectivity. Therefore, it is judged as a deterioration in the selectivity of the bacterial solution.

[0129] In this implementation, the amount of alkaline regulator to be added can be calculated based on the current volume of slurry in the reactor and the current pH value. Generally, lime slurry is selected as the alkaline regulator and is slowly added to the reactor. During the addition process, the reactor is continuously stirred and the pH value is monitored online. When the detected pH value falls within the range of 1.5 to 2.0, the addition of alkaline regulator is stopped, and the pH increase operation is completed.

[0130] For example, if the current slurry volume is 10 m³, the current pH value is 1.3, and the target range is 1.5 to 2.0, it is calculated that 0.15 m³ of lime slurry with a concentration of 5% needs to be added. The pH value is continuously monitored during the slow addition process, and the addition is stopped when the pH stabilizes at 1.7.

[0131] With this implementation, when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the arsenic dissolution rate increment is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic dissolution rate increment, the bacterial solution is determined to be selectively degraded. This can promptly identify abnormal impurity dissolution during the leaching process and prevent excessive impurity dissolution from affecting subsequent purification processes.

[0132] This implementation method identifies selective degradation of the bacterial solution and increases the reactor pH to 1.5 to 2.0. This inhibits further arsenic leaching without significantly affecting indium leaching efficiency, ensuring selectivity in the indium extraction process and reducing subsequent arsenic impurity treatment costs. Furthermore, setting up dedicated handling logic for abnormal arsenic leaching conditions improves the control of the leaching process, further enhancing the operational stability of the high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue gas bioleaching indium extraction process and reducing production losses caused by abnormal conditions.

[0133] Figure 5 A schematic flowchart of the third method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, as provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, in some implementations, the above method also includes S210 to S220, which will be described in detail below.

[0134] S210. Obtain the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate, and arsenic / lead leaching rate corresponding to multiple historical batch records. Perform correlation analysis on the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, and final indium leaching rate and arsenic / lead leaching rate of multiple historical batch records to obtain the correlation coefficients corresponding to multiple historical batch records. Identify multiple screened historical batch records whose correlation coefficients are greater than or equal to the preset correlation coefficients.

[0135] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the workflow for the third method of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust through bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 6 As shown in this implementation, multiple historical batch records of completed leaching processes can be exported in batches from the production database of a hydrometallurgical indium plant. The raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate test results, and arsenic / lead leaching rate test results corresponding to each historical batch can be extracted and organized into a standardized dataset to provide basic data for subsequent correlation analysis.

[0136] For example, 150 historical batch records of leaching completed within the past year are exported from the factory's MES system. The raw material characteristic information, operating parameter information, and the detection values ​​of indium leaching rate, arsenic leaching rate and lead leaching rate after the final leaching are extracted from each record and organized into a dataset in a unified format and stored in the computing server.

[0137] For example, the raw material characteristics include six categories: initial indium grade, initial arsenic grade, initial lead grade, gangue composition ratio, mineral particle size distribution, and raw material moisture content. Each category corresponds to specific test values. For example, the initial indium grade of a certain batch of raw materials is 1.2%, the initial arsenic grade is 0.8%, and the initial lead grade is 2.1%.

[0138] For example, the operating parameters include seven categories: pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, stirring speed, leaching temperature, aeration rate, and active bacterial solution concentration during the leaching process. Each category corresponds to a stable detection value during the operation process. For example, the leaching pH value of a certain batch is 1.6, the leaching temperature is 60℃, and the aeration rate is 6m³ / min.

[0139] In this implementation, for the completed dataset, the Pearson correlation coefficients of each raw material characteristic, each operating parameter, and the final indium leaching rate, arsenic leaching rate, and lead leaching rate can be calculated sequentially to obtain the correlation coefficient for each parameter. The larger the absolute value of the correlation coefficient, the higher the influence of the parameter on the final leaching effect.

[0140] For example, the dataset has 12 input parameters (6 raw material characteristics + 6 operating parameters). The correlation coefficient between each input parameter and the final indium leaching rate, arsenic leaching rate and lead leaching rate was calculated, resulting in a total of 36 correlation coefficient results.

[0141] For example, to calculate the correlation coefficient between the initial indium grade and the final indium leaching rate, first extract the initial indium grade values ​​and the final indium leaching rate values ​​of 150 historical batches, calculate the covariance of the two sets of data, and then divide it by the product of the standard deviations of the two sets of data. The corresponding correlation coefficient is 0.78, indicating that the initial indium grade and the final indium leaching rate are positively correlated.

[0142] In this implementation, a threshold for the correlation coefficient can be preset. If the absolute value of the correlation coefficient for all parameters is greater than or equal to the preset correlation coefficient, it indicates that the parameter has a significant impact on the final leaching effect. The corresponding historical batch records containing the parameter are then selected and retained as valid samples for subsequent process optimization, while the batch records corresponding to irrelevant parameters are filtered out to avoid interference.

[0143] For example, if the preset correlation coefficient is 0.5, compare the absolute value of the correlation coefficient for each parameter in turn, filter out all parameters whose absolute value of the correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.5, and retain the complete historical batch records of the corresponding parameters as the historical batch records to be filtered.

[0144] For example, with a preset correlation coefficient threshold of 0.5, the absolute values ​​of the correlation coefficients for the 12 parameters calculated in this study are 0.78, 0.62, 0.31, 0.58, 0.42, 0.65, 0.81, 0.72, 0.45, 0.69, 0.53, and 0.29, respectively. Nine parameters with an absolute correlation coefficient greater than or equal to 0.5 are selected, and historical batch records containing complete information about these parameters are retained.

[0145] S220. Determine the similarity of raw material characteristics and operating parameters between the current batch record of the reactor and multiple historical screening batch records, as the batch similarity. Determine the maximum batch similarity among the multiple historical screening batch records, and determine the indium leaching rate deviation value of the target historical screening batch record corresponding to the maximum batch similarity. Determine the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate, and the indium leaching rate deviation value, as the remaining indium leaching rate, and determine the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate, as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determine the linkage treatment measures based on the current state range. Execute the linkage treatment measures on the reactor.

[0146] In this implementation, all raw material characteristics and operating parameters of the current production batch can be extracted, and similarity calculations can be performed on the corresponding parameters of each historical batch record. The batch similarity between the current batch and each historical batch is obtained. The higher the batch similarity value, the closer the process conditions of the two batches are.

[0147] For example, the current batch has 9 raw material characteristics and operating parameters obtained from screening, and a total of 80 sets of historical screening batch records. The batch similarity between the current batch and each set of historical screening batches is calculated in turn to obtain 80 batch similarity results.

[0148] For example, using cosine similarity calculation, the standardized parameter vector of the current batch is [0.82, 0.75, 0.68, 0.91, 0.57, 0.72, 0.85, 0.66, 0.79], and the standardized parameter vector of a certain historical batch is [0.80, 0.76, 0.69, 0.90, 0.56, 0.73, 0.84, 0.67, 0.78]. Calculating the cosine value of the two vectors yields a batch similarity of 0.998.

[0149] In this implementation, all calculated batch similarities can be sorted from largest to smallest. The first value after sorting is extracted as the maximum batch similarity. The filter historical batch record corresponding to the maximum batch similarity is the target filter historical batch record to be matched, which is used to extract the indium leaching rate deviation value later.

[0150] For example, after sorting the similarity of 80 batches, the largest value is 0.998, and the corresponding 12th group of historical batch records is the target historical batch record to be filtered.

[0151] For example, this calculation yielded 80 batch similarities. After sorting the batches by value from largest to smallest, the largest batch with the highest similarity was 0.998. This similarity corresponds to the 16th filtered historical batch record. Therefore, the 16th filtered historical batch record was determined as the target filtered historical batch record.

[0152] In this implementation, the indium leaching rate deviation value is the difference between the predicted indium leaching rate and the actual final indium leaching rate in the historical batch records of the target screening. It is used to correct the calculation of the remaining indium leaching rate of the current batch and to offset the systematic error of the prediction model itself. The indium leaching rate deviation value can be directly extracted from the historical batch records of the target screening.

[0153] For example, the target screening historical batch records pre-calculated and stored indium leaching rate deviation value of +1.2%, and this value is directly extracted for subsequent calculations.

[0154] For example, the predicted final indium leaching rate of the target historical batch records is 82%, and the actual measured final indium leaching rate is 83.2%. The indium leaching rate deviation is calculated as +1.2% by subtracting the predicted value from the actual value and storing it in the batch records. This value can be directly extracted when needed.

[0155] In this implementation, two subtraction calculations can be performed sequentially. First, the target indium leaching rate is subtracted from the current indium leaching rate that has already been achieved. Then, the deviation value of the indium leaching rate corresponding to the historical batch record of the target screening is subtracted. The final result is the corrected remaining indium leaching rate. The sign of the deviation value is directly used in the calculation to correct the original prediction error.

[0156] For example, if the target indium leaching rate is 85%, the current indium leaching rate is 76%, and the indium leaching rate deviation is +1.2%, the remaining indium leaching rate can be calculated by subtraction.

[0157] For example, the target indium leaching rate is set to 85%, the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the deviation value of the extracted indium leaching rate is +1.2%, and the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 85%-76%-1.2%=7.8%, thus completing the calculation of the corrected remaining indium leaching rate.

[0158] In this implementation, the corrected remaining indium leaching rate can be divided by the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval. The resulting ratio is the corrected remaining controllable leaching time. The corrected remaining controllable leaching time is closer to the actual situation of the current batch than the uncorrected result, and the prediction accuracy is higher.

[0159] For example, if the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 7.8% and the current leaching rate is 2.6% per hour, the remaining controllable leaching time can be calculated directly by division.

[0160] For example, the corrected remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 7.8%, the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval is retrieved as 2.6% per hour, and the remaining controllable leaching time is calculated as 7.8% ÷ 2.6% per hour = 3 hours, thus obtaining the final remaining controllable leaching time result.

[0161] This implementation method performs correlation analysis on the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, and final indium leaching rate and arsenic / lead leaching rate of historical batch records. It filters out historical batch records with correlation coefficients greater than or equal to the preset correlation coefficient, which can eliminate irrelevant interference data and provide a more reliable reference sample for subsequent calculation of the remaining controllable leaching time.

[0162] This implementation method matches the batch similarity between the current batch record and the filtered historical batch record, extracts the indium leaching rate deviation value corresponding to the target filtered historical batch record with the maximum batch similarity, and incorporates it into the calculation of the remaining indium leaching rate. This can further improve the calculation accuracy of the remaining controllable leaching time and reduce process prediction errors. Combined with the deviation-optimized remaining controllable leaching time triggering linkage measures, the timing of the operating condition adjustment can be more in line with the actual leaching trend of the current batch, further ensuring that the indium leaching rate meets the standard, while reducing the risk of excessive leaching of arsenic and lead impurities and improving overall operating efficiency.

[0163] Figure 7 A schematic flowchart of the fourth method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 7 As shown, in some implementations, the above method also includes S230 to S240, which will be described in detail below.

[0164] S230. Determine the similarity of multiple historical batch records for screening, sorting them from largest to smallest, and then determine a preset number of target historical batch records that rank highest in similarity among these records. Determine the mean of the indium leaching rate deviations of the preset number of target historical batch records as the mean indium leaching rate deviation.

[0165] Figure 8A schematic diagram of the workflow for the fourth method of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust through bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 8 As shown in this implementation, the batch similarity corresponding to all the previously calculated historical batch records can be sorted by calling a sorting algorithm in descending order of the values. After sorting, the batches with higher similarity will be placed at the front, providing a sorting basis for selecting a preset number of batches at the front in the future.

[0166] For example, this time there are 80 sets of historical batch records to be screened, which correspond to 80 batch similarities. The bubble sort algorithm is then used to sort all batches in descending order of similarity.

[0167] In this implementation, the number of target historical batch records to be selected can be preset, and the preset number of historical batch records can be extracted directly from the sorted sequence in order. These records are then determined as the target historical batch records for calculating the mean deviation.

[0168] For example, if the preset selection quantity is 5, the first 5 batches are extracted from the 80 sorted batches as the target historical batch records for filtering.

[0169] In this implementation, the indium leaching rate deviation values ​​corresponding to all selected preset quantity target filtering historical batch records can be extracted, all indium leaching rate deviation values ​​are added together, and then divided by the preset batch quantity. The resulting arithmetic mean is the indium leaching rate deviation mean, which is used to correct the calculation of the remaining indium leaching rate of the current batch and offset the random error of a single batch.

[0170] For example, select 5 target screening historical batch records, extract the indium leaching rate deviation value of each record, add them together, and then divide by 5 to obtain the average indium leaching rate deviation.

[0171] For example, the indium leaching rate deviation values ​​corresponding to the five target screening historical batch records are +1.2%, +1.0%, +1.4%, +0.9%, and +1.1%, respectively. The sum of the five deviation values ​​is 5.6%, which is divided by the preset number of 5 to calculate the average indium leaching rate deviation of 1.12%.

[0172] S240. Determine the difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate, as the remaining indium leaching rate. Determine the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determine the corresponding emergency response measures based on the current state range. Execute the emergency response measures on the reactor.

[0173] In this implementation, the difference calculation can be completed sequentially based on the already calculated average deviation of indium leaching rate. First, the target indium leaching rate is subtracted from the current indium leaching rate obtained by detection, and then the average deviation of indium leaching rate is subtracted to finally obtain the corrected remaining indium leaching rate. The sign of the average deviation of indium leaching rate is directly used in the calculation to offset systematic errors and random errors.

[0174] For example, if the target indium leaching rate is 85% and the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the pre-calculated average deviation of the indium leaching rate is 1.12%. The remaining indium leaching rate is then calculated by subtraction.

[0175] For example, the target indium leaching rate is set to 85%, the online detection shows that the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the average deviation of the calculated indium leaching rate is 1.12%, and the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 85%-76%-1.12%=7.88% according to the calculation formula, thus obtaining the corrected remaining indium leaching rate result.

[0176] In this implementation, the corrected remaining indium leaching rate can be divided by the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval. The resulting ratio is the corrected remaining controllable leaching time. Then, the remaining controllable leaching time is compared with the preset remaining controllable leaching time. If the condition is met, the linkage treatment measures corresponding to the current state interval are invoked and sent to the reactor for execution.

[0177] For example, if the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 7.88% and the current leaching rate is 2.6% per hour, the remaining controllable leaching time is calculated and compared with the preset value. If the conditions are met, the corresponding treatment measures are implemented.

[0178] For example, the corrected remaining indium leaching rate is 7.88%, the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval is retrieved as 2.6% per hour, and the remaining controllable leaching time is calculated as 7.88% ÷ 2.6% per hour ≈ 3.03 hours, thus obtaining the final remaining controllable leaching time result, which is used for subsequent comparison and judgment.

[0179] This implementation method arranges the historical batch records in descending order of similarity, selects the top preset number of target historical batch records to calculate the average deviation of indium leaching rate, which can avoid the interference of random factors in a single batch, make the deviation reference value more universal, and improve the reliability of the calculation of the remaining controllable leaching time.

[0180] By incorporating the average deviation of indium leaching rate into the calculation of remaining indium leaching rate, and combining it with the current leaching rate to obtain the remaining controllable leaching time, the error between time prediction and actual leaching progress can be further reduced, making the timing of process control more consistent with the actual operation of the current batch. Based on the optimized remaining controllable leaching time, triggering linkage measures can further reduce the risk of indium leaching rate not meeting standards, while better controlling the leaching of impurities such as arsenic and lead, and improving the overall production stability of indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue gas bioleaching.

[0181] Figure 9 A schematic flowchart of the fifth method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 9 As shown, in some implementations, the above method also includes S310 to S320, which will be described in detail below.

[0182] S310. Determine the logarithm of the product of the natural logarithm, the number of bacterial passages, and the strain-specific attenuation constant as the viability attenuation coefficient.

[0183] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the workflow for the fifth method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, as provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 10 As shown, in this implementation, the degree of activity decay of the current bacterial solution can be quantitatively calculated using an exponential decay model. First, the number of passages of the current bacterial solution and the specific decay constant of the corresponding strain are obtained. The product of the two is calculated to obtain the power value required for the calculation. Then, the exponent value with the natural logarithm e as the base and the product as the power is calculated. The result is the bacterial activity decay coefficient. The smaller the bacterial activity decay coefficient, the more severe the activity decay of the bacterial solution.

[0184] For example, if the bacterial solution used in the current leaching reactor has been passaged 8 times, the specific decay constant of the corresponding strain is 0.02. First, calculate the product of the two, and then calculate the exponential value with the natural logarithm e as the base to obtain the bacterial viability decay coefficient.

[0185] For example, each time the bacterial culture from the seed tank is transferred to the leaching reactor for expansion culture is counted as one passage. Starting from the first transfer of the original strain selected initially, the bacterial culture currently in use has been transferred a total of 8 times, so the number of passages of the bacterial culture is taken as 8.

[0186] For example, the strain-specific decay constant is the activity decay rate parameter of the corresponding leaching strain per generation. Different strains have different degradation rates. This value is determined by continuous subculturing experiments in the laboratory. The strain-specific decay constant of the arsenic-resistant leaching strain used in this study is 0.02.

[0187] For example, the first step is to calculate the product of the number of bacterial passages and the strain-specific attenuation constant: 8 × 0.02 = 0.16. The second step is to calculate the exponent value raised to the power of 0.16 with the natural logarithm e (approximately 2.71828) as the base: e^0.16 ≈ 1.1735. Therefore, the final bacterial viability attenuation coefficient is approximately 1.1735.

[0188] S320. Determine the product of the current indium leaching rate and the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient corresponding to the current state interval, as the corrected leaching rate. Determine the difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate, and the indium leaching rate deviation value, as the remaining indium leaching rate. Determine the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate, as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, determine the linkage treatment measures based on the current state interval. Implement the linkage treatment measures for the reactor.

[0189] In this implementation, the current leaching rate in the current state interval can be corrected by combining the calculated bacterial viability decay coefficient. The current leaching rate and the bacterial viability decay coefficient are multiplied to obtain the corrected leaching rate, which reflects the actual leaching rate level after the bacterial activity decays.

[0190] For example, the current recognition rate corresponding to the current state interval is 2.2% per hour, and the calculated bacterial viability decay coefficient is approximately 1.17. The corrected recognition rate can be obtained by directly multiplying the two values.

[0191] For example, the current recognition rate in the current state interval is 2.2% per hour, and the previously calculated bacterial viability decay coefficient is 1.1735. The product of the two is calculated as: 2.2% per hour × 1.1735 ≈ 2.58% per hour, and the final corrected recognition rate is approximately 2.58% per hour.

[0192] In this implementation, the corrected remaining indium leaching rate can be calculated by combining the target indium leaching rate, the current indium leaching rate, and the deviation value of the indium leaching rate of similar historical batches. The difference obtained by subtracting the current indium leaching rate and the indium leaching rate deviation value from the target indium leaching rate is the final remaining indium leaching rate. The sign of the deviation value is directly included in the calculation.

[0193] For example, if the target indium leaching rate is 85%, the current indium leaching rate is 76%, and the deviation of the indium leaching rate of similar historical batches is +1.2%, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated by subtraction.

[0194] For example, the target indium leaching rate is set to 85%, the online detection shows that the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the deviation value of the indium leaching rate of similar historical batches is extracted as +1.2%, and the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 85%-76%-1.2%=7.8%, thus obtaining the final remaining indium leaching rate result.

[0195] In this implementation, the calculated remaining indium leaching rate can be divided by the corrected leaching rate. The resulting ratio is the remaining controllable leaching time after considering the bacterial viability decay. The remaining controllable leaching time is then compared with the preset remaining controllable leaching time. If the conditions are met, the corresponding linkage treatment measures are triggered and sent to the reactor for execution.

[0196] For example, if the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 7.8% and the corrected leaching rate is 2.58% per hour, the remaining controllable leaching time can be calculated directly by division, and then the subsequent determination can be completed.

[0197] For example, the remaining indium leaching rate is 7.8%, and the corrected leaching rate is approximately 2.58% per hour. The ratio of the two is calculated as: 7.8% ÷ 2.58% per hour ≈ 3.02 hours, which yields the final remaining controllable leaching time result for subsequent comparison and determination.

[0198] This method first calculates the logarithm of the product of the number of bacterial passages and the strain-specific attenuation constant, with the natural logarithm as the base, to obtain the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient. This allows for precise quantification of the degree of attenuation of bacterial viability with passage, providing accurate quantitative basis for the correction of leaching rate.

[0199] This implementation method multiplies the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval by the bacterial activity decay coefficient to obtain the corrected leaching rate. Then, it combines the remaining indium leaching rate to calculate the remaining controllable leaching time. This eliminates the interference of bacterial activity decay on the rate calculation and further improves the accuracy of the remaining controllable leaching time calculation. Based on the corrected remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures can be triggered, which can adapt to the actual situation of bacterial activity changes, avoid the delay in the timing of regulation caused by rate prediction deviation, ensure that the indium leaching rate meets the standard, and reduce the risk of excessive leaching of impurities.

[0200] In some implementations, the above method further includes: determining the difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate, as the remaining indium leaching rate; and determining the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate, as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, a coordinated response measure is determined based on the current state range. The coordinated response measure is then implemented on the reactor.

[0201] In this implementation, the target indium leaching rate, the current indium leaching rate obtained by detection, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate calculated in advance can be combined and subtracted to obtain the corrected remaining indium leaching rate. At the same time, the average deviation of multiple similar historical batches and the influence of bacterial viability decay on the leaching rate are considered to obtain a more realistic prediction result of the remaining controllable leaching time.

[0202] For example, if the target indium leaching rate is 85%, the current indium leaching rate is 76%, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate is 1.12%, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated by subtraction, and then the remaining controllable leaching time is calculated by combining the corrected leaching rate.

[0203] For example, the target indium leaching rate is set to 85%, the online detection shows that the current indium leaching rate is 76%, the pre-calculated average deviation of the indium leaching rate is extracted as 1.12%, and the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated as 85%-76%-1.12%=7.88% according to the calculation rules, thus obtaining the final remaining indium leaching rate result.

[0204] In this implementation, the calculated remaining indium leaching rate can be divided by the corrected leaching rate that has already undergone dual correction. The resulting ratio is the remaining controllable leaching time that simultaneously considers multiple batch deviation corrections and bacterial viability attenuation corrections. This result is then compared with the preset remaining controllable leaching time. If the conditions are met, the corresponding linkage treatment measures for the current state interval are invoked and sent to the reactor for execution.

[0205] For example, if the remaining indium leaching rate is 7.88% and the corrected leaching rate is approximately 2.58% per hour, the remaining controllable leaching time can be calculated directly by division, and then the subsequent determination can be completed.

[0206] For example, the remaining indium leaching rate is calculated to be 7.88%, and the corrected leaching rate is approximately 2.58% per hour. The ratio of the two is calculated as: 7.88% ÷ 2.58% per hour ≈ 3.05 hours, which yields the final remaining controllable leaching time result, which is used for subsequent comparison to determine the triggering of linkage measures.

[0207] By combining the average deviation of indium leaching rate with the calculation of the remaining indium leaching rate through this implementation method, the deviation caused by the fluctuation of single batch data can be further offset, making the estimation of the remaining leaching progress more in line with the actual operating pattern of the current batch and reducing prediction errors.

[0208] This implementation method uses the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate obtained by combining the bacterial activity attenuation coefficient as the remaining controllable leaching time. This can simultaneously cover the effects of batch characteristic differences and bacterial activity attenuation, significantly improving the calculation accuracy of the remaining controllable leaching time. Based on the dual-optimized remaining controllable leaching time triggering linkage treatment measures, the timing of working condition adjustments can be more precise, ensuring that the target indium leaching rate is successfully achieved while minimizing the excessive leaching of impurities such as arsenic and lead, thereby improving overall production efficiency and product quality.

[0209] Figure 11 A schematic flowchart of the sixth control method for selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust via bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 11 As shown, in some implementations, the above method also includes S330 to S340, which will be described in detail below.

[0210] S330. Determine the lead leaching rate increment recorded in the current batch of the reactor. Determine the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the lead leaching rate increment. The lead passivation shielding coefficient characterizes the influence of the PbSO4 coating layer on the indium leaching effect; the larger the lead leaching rate increment, the smaller the lead passivation shielding coefficient.

[0211] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the workflow for the sixth method of selective indium extraction from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue gas through bioleaching, provided in this application embodiment, is shown below. Figure 12 As shown, in this implementation, the initial lead leaching rate at the start of the current batch leaching and the real-time lead leaching rate obtained by the current detection can be extracted. The initial lead leaching rate is subtracted from the current real-time lead leaching rate to obtain the lead leaching rate increment of the current batch. Then, the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient is matched according to the lead leaching rate increment. The smaller the lead passivation shielding coefficient, the greater the shielding effect of the PbSO4 coating layer on the indium leaching effect.

[0212] For example, if the initial lead leaching rate is detected as 5% at the start of leaching and the current real-time lead leaching rate is detected as 13%, the lead leaching rate increment is calculated and then matched with the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient.

[0213] For example, the initial lead leaching rate is 5% when sampled before leaching begins, and the real-time lead leaching rate is 13% when sampled during the current leaching process. The increase in lead leaching rate is equal to the real-time lead leaching rate minus the initial lead leaching rate. The calculated increase in lead leaching rate is 13% - 5% = 8%, and this calculation result is directly taken as the increase in lead leaching rate for the current batch.

[0214] In this implementation, the increase in lead leaching rate and the lead passivation shielding coefficient are negatively correlated. The larger the increase in lead leaching rate, the more lead is leached, the more PbSO4 precipitate is generated, the thicker the indium mineral particles are wrapped, and the stronger the shielding effect on indium leaching. Therefore, the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient is smaller.

[0215] For example, when the lead leaching rate increases by 2%, the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient is 0.95, and when the lead leaching rate increases by 10%, the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient is 0.7. The larger the lead leaching rate increase, the smaller the corresponding lead passivation shielding coefficient.

[0216] For example, the corresponding relationships were obtained through prior experiments: a lead leaching rate increment of 0-3% corresponds to a lead passivation shielding coefficient of 0.9-1.0; a lead leaching rate increment of 3%-6% corresponds to 0.8-0.9; a lead leaching rate increment of 6%-10% corresponds to 0.7-0.8; and a lead leaching rate increment greater than 10% corresponds to 0.6-0.7, which perfectly matches the relationship that the larger the lead leaching rate increment, the smaller the lead passivation shielding coefficient.

[0217] In this implementation, a mapping table corresponding to the lead leaching rate increment and the lead passivation shielding coefficient can be pre-established. After obtaining the lead leaching rate increment of the current batch, the lead passivation shielding coefficient of the corresponding interval in the mapping table can be directly looked up and taken as the lead passivation shielding coefficient of the current batch for subsequent correction of the leaching rate.

[0218] For example, if the current calculation shows an increase in lead leaching rate of 8%, the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the 6%~10% increment range in the mapping table is 0.75, and this value can be directly retrieved and used.

[0219] For example, the lead leaching rate increment of the current batch is calculated to be 8%. By searching the pre-established mapping table, 8% falls into the increment range of 6% to 10%. The lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to this range is 0.75. Therefore, 0.75 is determined as the lead passivation shielding coefficient of the current batch.

[0220] S340. Determine the product of the current recognition rate, the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the current state interval, and use it as the corrected recognition rate.

[0221] In this implementation, the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval, the pre-calculated bacterial viability attenuation coefficient, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient can be continuously multiplied. The final product is the corrected leaching rate that takes into account both influencing factors. The corrected leaching rate can better match the actual leaching rate level of the current batch and improve the accuracy of subsequent predictions.

[0222] For example, the current recognition rate corresponding to the current state interval is 2.2% per hour, the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient is about 1.17, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient is 0.75. The corrected recognition rate is obtained by performing multiplication operations in sequence.

[0223] For example, the current recognition rate is 2.2% per hour, the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient is 1.1735, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient is 0.75. First, calculate the product of the current recognition rate and the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient: 2.2% × 1.1735 ≈ 2.5817% per hour. Then, multiply this result by the lead passivation shielding coefficient: 2.5817% × 0.75 ≈ 1.936% per hour. Finally, the corrected recognition rate is approximately 1.94% per hour.

[0224] By using this method, the incremental lead leaching rate recorded in the current batch of the reactor can be obtained, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient can be determined accordingly. This allows for precise quantification of the influence of the PbSO4 coating layer on the indium leaching effect, providing a new dimension for rate correction.

[0225] This implementation method multiplies the current leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval with the bacterial activity attenuation coefficient and the lead passivation shielding coefficient to obtain the corrected leaching rate. This can simultaneously cover the influence of changes in bacterial activity and lead passivation effect on the leaching rate, making the rate reference value more consistent with the actual reaction state. The optimized corrected leaching rate can further improve the accuracy of the calculation of the remaining controllable leaching time, making the triggering timing of subsequent linkage measures more reasonable, ensuring the leaching efficiency of indium while reducing the leaching risk of lead impurities.

[0226] This application also provides a control system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, including units for implementing the method described above.

[0227] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the logic structure of a control system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, provided for embodiments of this application, is shown below. Figure 13 As shown, the system 1 of this embodiment includes a processing unit 11, a storage unit 12, and a transceiver unit 13. The processing unit 11 is used to process data, the storage unit 12 is used to store data, and the transceiver unit 13 is used to send and receive data. The processing unit 11, the storage unit 12, and the transceiver unit 13 cooperate with each other to implement the above-described method. The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application have been described in the above-described method and will not be repeated here.

[0228] It should be noted that the information interaction and execution process between the above-mentioned devices / units are based on the same concept as the method embodiments of this application. For details on their specific functions and technical effects, please refer to the method embodiments section, and they will not be repeated here.

[0229] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0230] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments of this application can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include at least: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code to a photographing device / terminal device, a recording medium, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium. Examples include USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks. In some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media cannot be electrical carrier signals or telecommunication signals.

[0231] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0232] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0233] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0234] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0235] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for selectively extracting indium from high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust through bioleaching, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire multiple historical batch records within multiple state intervals; determine the simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determine the average simulated leaching rate corresponding to the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; determine the difference between the simulated leaching rate and the average simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval, as the deviation value of the simulated leaching rate for the multiple historical batch records within each state interval; wherein, each historical batch record includes initial indium grade, pH value, Fe³⁺ concentration value, redox potential value, indium leaching rate increment value, and arsenic leaching rate increment value, and the same state interval corresponds to the same initial indium grade interval, pH value interval, Fe³⁺ concentration value interval, redox potential value interval, indium leaching rate increment value interval, and arsenic leaching rate increment value interval; the simulated leaching rate is the ratio of the indium leaching rate increment value within the historical time period to the corresponding duration of the state interval; When the deviation values ​​of the simulated leaching rate corresponding to multiple historical batch records within the state interval are all less than the preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, the average simulated leaching rate is taken as the recognized leaching rate within the state interval; the current state interval corresponding to the current batch record of the reactor is obtained, and the target indium leaching rate, current indium leaching rate, and current recognized leaching rate corresponding to the current state interval are obtained. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate of the reactor is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current recognized leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state interval; the linkage treatment measures are executed on the reactor.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When at least one historical batch record within the state interval has a simulated leaching rate deviation value greater than or equal to a preset simulated leaching rate deviation value, determine the minimum pH value, maximum pH value, minimum Fe³⁺ concentration value, and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration value corresponding to multiple historical batch records within the state interval. Using preset pH and preset Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​as the division step size, multiple historical batch records within a state interval are divided into multiple sub-state intervals, starting from the minimum pH and minimum Fe³⁺ concentration values ​​to the maximum pH and maximum Fe³⁺ concentration values. The similarity between each sub-state interval and multiple existing historical batch records in terms of initial indium grade, redox potential values, daily indium leaching rate increment, and daily arsenic leaching rate increment is determined, and the target historical batch record with the maximum similarity for each sub-state interval is determined. Multiple historical batch records for each sub-state interval are incorporated into the target state interval corresponding to the target historical batch record. The average leaching rate of the target state interval is redefined as the target leaching rate for the target state interval.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the corresponding emergency response measures are determined based on the current state range, including: When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, and the current pH value of the current state range is greater than or equal to 2.0, add H2SO4 to the reactor until the current pH value is 1.5 to 2.

0. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time and the redox potential value is less than the preset redox potential value, increase the aeration to the reactor and replenish Fe²⁺ or active bacterial solution.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the coordinated response measures are determined based on the current state range, and also include: When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, and the arsenic leaching rate increment is greater than or equal to the preset arsenic leaching rate increment, the bacterial solution is determined to be selectively degraded; the pH value of the reactor is increased to the current pH value of 1.5 to 2.

0.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate, and arsenic / lead leaching rate corresponding to multiple historical batch records; perform correlation analysis on the raw material characteristics, operating parameters, final indium leaching rate, and arsenic / lead leaching rate of multiple historical batch records to obtain the correlation coefficients corresponding to multiple historical batch records; identify multiple screened historical batch records whose correlation coefficients are greater than or equal to the preset correlation coefficients; The similarity of raw material characteristics and operating parameters between the current batch record of the reactor and multiple historical batch records is determined as the batch similarity. The maximum batch similarity among the multiple historical batch records is determined, and the indium leaching rate deviation value of the target historical batch record corresponding to the maximum batch similarity is determined. The difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate and the indium leaching rate deviation value is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range. The linkage treatment measures are then implemented on the reactor.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: The similarity of multiple historical batch records is ranked from largest to smallest. A predetermined number of target historical batch records are then selected from the multiple historical batch records and ranked from largest to smallest similarity. The mean of the indium leaching rate deviation of the predetermined number of target historical batch records is then determined as the mean of the indium leaching rate deviation. The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate, and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate, is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate. The ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the current leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range. The linkage treatment measures are then implemented on the reactor.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: The logarithm of the product of the natural logarithm, the number of bacterial passages, and the strain-specific attenuation constant was determined as the viability attenuation coefficient. The product of the current indium leaching rate and the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient corresponding to the current state interval is determined as the corrected leaching rate; the difference between the target indium leaching rate of the reactor and the current indium leaching rate and the indium leaching rate deviation value is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate, and the ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time; when the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state interval; the linkage treatment measures are implemented on the reactor.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The difference between the target indium leaching rate and the current indium leaching rate and the average deviation of the indium leaching rate is determined as the remaining indium leaching rate. The ratio of the remaining indium leaching rate to the corrected leaching rate is determined as the remaining controllable leaching time. When the remaining controllable leaching time is less than the preset remaining controllable leaching time, the linkage treatment measures are determined according to the current state range. The linkage treatment measures are then implemented on the reactor.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the lead leaching rate increment of the current batch recorded in the reactor; determine the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the lead leaching rate increment; wherein, the lead passivation shielding coefficient characterizes the degree of influence of the PbSO4 coating layer on the indium leaching effect, and the larger the lead leaching rate increment, the smaller the lead passivation shielding coefficient; The product of the current recognition rate, the bacterial viability attenuation coefficient, and the lead passivation shielding coefficient corresponding to the current state interval is determined as the corrected recognition rate.

10. A control system for selective indium extraction by bioleaching of high-arsenic, high-lead, and low-indium flue dust, characterized in that, Includes units for implementing the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

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