A laser cladding coating bonding force strengthening device and method based on global temperature control

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on global temperature control's laser cladding coating binding force strengthening device and method, belong to laser cladding processing technical field, the device includes: pedestal, rotary support mechanism, laser cladding head and temperature compensation unit.Temperature compensation unit includes induction heating power supply, half-arc split type induction heating ring assembly, infrared temperature measurement system and control unit;Infrared temperature measurement system respectively collects cladding before, cladding zone, cladding after temperature signal and is sent into control unit.Method includes workpiece pretreatment, clamping positioning, induction preheating, laser spiral cladding, multi-region infrared real-time temperature measurement, according to temperature measurement result adaptive regulation induction heating power, workpiece speed and powder feed rate, cladding after heat preservation slow cooling and quality detection.The application is by global multi-position temperature measurement closed-loop regulation and control matrix temperature, reduce cladding thermal stress, improve coating and matrix metallurgical bonding force, reduce cracking and peeling defect, suitable for various shaft parts laser cladding remanufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and in particular to a device and method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control. Background Technology

[0002] In laser cladding technology, the temperature of the cladding substrate material is one of the key factors affecting the adhesion of the coating. Its influence mechanism involves multiple aspects such as metallurgical bonding quality, thermal stress distribution, and microstructure evolution.

[0003] If the temperature of the cladding substrate material is too low (e.g., room temperature or no preheating), the temperature difference between the molten pool and the substrate will be large during laser cladding, resulting in an extremely rapid cooling rate of the molten pool (up to 10). 3 -10 6 At this point, only a shallow layer of the substrate surface melts, resulting in insufficient elemental diffusion with the cladding material. This leads to a "mechanical interlocking" rather than a complete metallurgical bond, resulting in weak adhesion and potential defects such as porosity and microcracks due to rapid solidification. However, when the temperature of the cladding substrate increases (e.g., preheating to 200-400℃), the melting depth of the substrate surface increases, enhancing elemental interdiffusion with the cladding layer (e.g., the diffusion coefficient of metal elements such as Fe, Ni, and Cr increases exponentially with increasing temperature), forming a wider metallurgical bonding zone (up to 50-100μm in width). This significantly improves the bonding strength, approaching or reaching the strength level of the substrate material.

[0004] Currently, traditional laser cladding processing of shafts in the industry is all completed using lathe equipment, which is a classic processing mode of "workpiece rotation, workpiece axial stationary, and nozzle movement". During the processing, the shaft workpiece is driven by the lathe fixture to maintain a uniform rotation speed, and the workpiece as a whole has no displacement in the horizontal direction and is in an absolutely stationary state; the laser cladding head, as the core moving part, makes a horizontal linear feed motion along the workpiece axis. Through the unidirectional movement of the laser head and the rotation of the workpiece, the cladding layer is prepared on the surface of the shaft.

[0005] This traditional processing method is simple in structure and mature in application, but it has obvious technological limitations. The processing lacks a real-time multi-zone temperature feedback control mechanism, and the process parameters are mostly preset fixed values, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time working conditions of the cladding process. This easily leads to deviations in the thickness of the cladding layer and the metallurgical bonding state of different sections of the workpiece, which in turn induces various types and scales of cladding stress enrichment and uneven distribution problems. Ultimately, this results in defects such as cracking and peeling of the cladding layer, matrix deformation, and discrete bonding strength, which seriously affect the service accuracy and service life of shaft components. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a laser cladding coating adhesion enhancement device and method based on full-range temperature control, which solves the technical problems in the prior art where the temperature compensation of the substrate material during laser cladding cannot be achieved, easily leading to unstable coating adhesion and poor process matching. It achieves the technical effect of intelligently compensating and controlling the temperature of the substrate material, which is beneficial to the quality control of the adhesion between the coating and the substrate during laser cladding. Moreover, the method is reliable, the device is stable, and it has strong versatility.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on full-range temperature control. The device includes a base; a rotary support mechanism disposed on the base for clamping and driving the shaft-like parts to be processed, and axially feeding them; a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket disposed on the base and located outside the rotary support mechanism; a laser cladding head disposed on the first fixed bracket, wherein the light outlet of the laser cladding head faces the surface of the shaft-like parts to be processed; and a temperature compensation unit comprising: an induction heating power supply; and an induction heating ring assembly connected to the induction heating power supply. The induction heating ring assembly uniformly heats the shaft-like parts to be processed, and both the induction heating power supply and the induction heating ring assembly are mounted on the second fixed bracket. An infrared temperature measurement system is installed above the induction heating ring assembly, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head, and is mounted on the first fixed bracket. A control unit is communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply. The control unit receives temperature signals collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputs control signals to achieve continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the shaft rotation speed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head.

[0008] Preferably, the base further includes: two bearing seats disposed at both ends of the base, wherein multiple wheels are mounted on the bottom of each bearing seat; and two movable guide rails arranged parallel to each other along the length of the base, wherein the multiple wheels drive the bearing seats to move along the movable guide rails.

[0009] Preferably, the rotary support mechanism includes: a first motor fixed on the base; a first reducer connected to the first motor; a rack fixedly installed along the length of the base; a gear assembled at the output end of the first reducer, the gear meshing with the rack to drive the gear to move along the rack; a second motor mounted on one of the bearing seats; a second reducer connected to the second motor; and a clamping turntable connected to the second motor, wherein the clamping turntable is used to clamp the shaft-like part to be processed and drives the shaft-like part to be processed to rotate under the drive of the second motor.

[0010] Preferably, the rotary support mechanism includes: an inner hole clamp, which is disposed on another bearing seat; a positive and negative thread fixing plate, which is fixedly connected to the inner hole clamp; and a positive and negative thread screw, which is connected to the positive and negative thread fixing plate and fixes the shaft part to be processed through the positive and negative thread screw.

[0011] Preferably, the device further includes: the induction heating ring assembly is installed on the feed side of the laser cladding head, the induction heating ring assembly is two symmetrically arranged semi-arcs, and the curvature of the induction heating ring assembly is consistent with the curvature of the shaft-like component to be processed; the control unit includes: a signal processing module and a power adjustment module, the signal processing module receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and the power adjustment module adjusts the power output of the induction heating ring assembly, the rotational speed of the shaft-like component to be processed, and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head according to the output signal of the signal processing module.

[0012] Preferably, the infrared temperature measurement system includes: a first infrared temperature measuring head, the detection end of which is installed above the right side of the induction heating ring assembly, pointing towards the area 10mm-40mm before laser cladding on the shaft component to be processed, and the horizontal distance between the detection end of the first infrared temperature measuring head and the induction heating ring assembly is 100-200mm; a second infrared temperature measuring head, the detection end of which is installed above the discharge side of the laser cladding head, pointing towards the area 10mm-40mm after laser cladding on the shaft component to be processed; and a third infrared temperature measuring head, the detection end of which is installed above the rear side of the laser cladding head, pointing towards the laser cladding area on the shaft component to be processed.

[0013] Secondly, this invention also provides a method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on full-range temperature control. The method includes: Step 1: Determining the cladding material according to preset requirements; Step 2: Pre-treating the substrate of the shaft-like parts to be processed; Step 3: Adjusting the laser equipment and setting parameters; Step 4: Clamping and positioning, adjusting the distance between the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the shaft-like parts to be processed to 15-20mm to ensure that the laser spot coincides with the powder feeding focal point; Step 5: Pre-treating 3-5 minutes... Step 6: Introduce protective gas and purge the air from the cladding area; Step 7: Start the device and uniformly heat the shaft parts to be processed through the induction heating ring assembly. The heating temperature range is 300-650 degrees Celsius. Perform spiral cladding according to the set parameters; Step 8: Collect the temperature before cladding, the cladding area, and after cladding in real time through the infrared temperature measurement system, monitor the state of the molten pool, and adjust the process parameters in a closed loop; Step 9: After cladding, place the clad shaft parts into an insulation box for heat preservation and slow cooling; Step 10: Turn the surface of the cladding layer to the design dimensions; Step 11: Perform quality inspection on the processed shaft parts.

[0014] Preferably, in step 10, the quality inspection includes appearance inspection and performance inspection, wherein the appearance inspection includes detecting porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion defects, and the performance inspection includes hardness testing, bonding strength testing, and metallographic inspection.

[0015] Preferably, in step 7, the infrared temperature measurement system collects the temperatures before, during, and after cladding in real time, monitors the molten pool status, and adjusts the process parameters in a closed loop. Specifically, this includes: using a first infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature 10mm-40mm before the laser cladding spot as T1; using a third infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature of the laser cladding spot area as T0; and using a second infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature 10mm-40mm after the laser cladding spot as T2. When T0-T2=T1, the cladding operation can proceed normally, and the shaft speed is set according to the process settings. When T0-T2<T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 1.2~1.6 times, correspondingly increasing the powder feeding and output rate. When T0-T2>T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 0.6~0.8 times, correspondingly reducing the powder feeding and output rate.

[0016] Preferably, in step 7, the infrared temperature measurement system collects the temperature before cladding, in the cladding area, and after cladding in real time, monitors the molten pool status, and adjusts the process parameters in a closed loop. Specifically, this includes: a signal processing module receiving the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and a power adjustment module adjusting the power output of the induction heating ring assembly according to the output signal of the signal processing module, so as to complete the continuous compensation and control of the temperature of the substrate of the shaft-like parts to be processed by the induction heating ring assembly during the laser cladding process. This includes: when T2-T1≤200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly remains unchanged, maintaining the process setting value; when T2-T1>200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly increases to 1~1.2 times the original process setting value.

[0017] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one or more of the following technical effects: The embodiments of the present invention provide a laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device and method based on full-range temperature control. The device includes: a rotary support mechanism, which is disposed on the base and used to clamp the shaft-like parts to be processed and drive them to rotate and feed axially; a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket, which are disposed on the base and located outside the rotary support mechanism; a laser cladding head, which is disposed on the first fixed bracket, wherein the light outlet of the laser cladding head faces the surface of the shaft-like parts to be processed; a temperature compensation unit, which includes: an induction heating power supply; an induction heating ring assembly, which is connected to the induction heating power supply and uniformly heats the shaft-like parts to be processed through the induction heating ring assembly, and both the induction heating power supply and the induction heating ring assembly are disposed on the second fixed bracket; and an infrared temperature measurement system. The infrared temperature measurement system is mounted on the fixed bracket and is installed above the induction heating ring assembly, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head. A control unit is communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply. The control unit receives temperature signals collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputs control signals to achieve continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the shaft rotation speed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head. This device, by setting up the induction heating ring assembly, the real-time monitoring infrared temperature measurement system, and the closed-loop control unit, achieves continuous compensation and precise control of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts during laser cladding. This solves the technical problems in existing technologies where substrate material temperature compensation during laser cladding is impossible, leading to unstable coating adhesion and poor process matching. It achieves intelligent compensation and control of the substrate material temperature, which is beneficial for quality control of the coating-substrate adhesion during laser cladding. Furthermore, the method is reliable, the device is stable, and it has strong versatility.

[0018] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on global temperature control in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a laser cladding coating adhesion enhancement method based on global temperature control in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Base 1, Bearing seat 11, Wheel 12, Moving guide rail 13, First motor 21, First reducer 22, Rack 23, Gear 24, Second motor 25, Second reducer 26, Clamping turntable 27, Internal hole clamp 28, Positive and negative screw fixing plate 29, Positive and negative screw 210, Shaft parts to be processed 3, Laser cladding head 4, Induction heating power supply 51, Induction heating ring assembly 52, First infrared temperature measuring head 53, Second infrared temperature measuring head 54, Third infrared temperature measuring head 55, Vertical guide rail 56, Parallel guide rail 57, Guide rail 58, Positive and negative screw 59. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a device and method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control, which solves the technical problems in the prior art where the temperature compensation of the substrate material cannot be achieved during the laser cladding process, resulting in unstable coating adhesion and poor process matching.

[0023] The overall concept of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows:

[0024] This invention provides a device and method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on full-range temperature control. The device includes: a rotary support mechanism disposed on a base for clamping and driving the shaft-like component to be processed, and axially feeding it; a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket disposed on the base and located outside the rotary support mechanism; a laser cladding head disposed on the first fixed bracket, wherein the light outlet of the laser cladding head faces the surface of the shaft-like component to be processed; and a temperature compensation unit including: an induction heating power supply; and an induction heating ring assembly connected to the induction heating power supply, which uniformly heats the shaft-like component to be processed. The heating power supply and the induction heating ring assembly are both mounted on the second fixed bracket; an infrared temperature measurement system is installed above the induction heating ring assembly, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head, and is mounted on the first fixed bracket; a control unit is communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply. The control unit receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputs control signals to achieve continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the shaft rotation speed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head. This achieves intelligent compensation and control of the substrate material temperature, which is beneficial to the quality control of the bonding force between the coating and the substrate during the laser cladding process. Furthermore, the method is reliable, the device is stable, and it has strong versatility.

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Laser cladding is a typical rapid melting, rapid solidification, and non-equilibrium metallurgical process. The instantaneous input of a high-energy laser beam, localized extreme thermal cycling, differences in physical properties between the cladding material and the substrate material, and process motion errors, among other factors, couple together to generate complex stress fields in the cladding layer, heat-affected zone, and within the substrate. The entire cladding process mainly includes four core stress types: thermal stress, phase transformation stress, constraint stress (structural stress), and solidification shrinkage stress. The generation mechanisms and hazards of each type of stress are as follows.

[0028] First: Thermal stress (residual stress from thermal cycling). Thermal stress is the most prevalent and prevalent type of stress during laser cladding, caused by extremely non-uniform temperature fields and asynchronous thermal expansion and contraction. During laser cladding, the temperature in the molten pool region can instantaneously reach over 1000℃, causing the cladding metal to rapidly melt and expand, while the surrounding and distant substrates remain at low temperatures, rigidly constraining the expansion of the molten pool. After cladding, the cladding layer rapidly cools and contracts. At this point, the substrate cooling rate is much lower than that of the cladding layer, and the solid-state contraction of the cladding layer is again constrained by the substrate, ultimately generating residual tensile stress in the cladding layer and residual compressive stress in the heat-affected zone of the substrate.

[0029] In traditional processing methods, the laser head moves while the workpiece remains stationary, which causes the axial and circumferential temperature fields of shafts to shift continuously. Local areas are repeatedly heated and rapidly cooled, resulting in an extremely uneven spatial and temporal distribution of temperature gradients. This leads to localized accumulation of thermal stress and discrete distribution across the entire area, which can easily cause microcracks, surface peeling, and substrate bending deformation.

[0030] Second: Phase transformation stress (solid-state phase transformation residual stress). Commonly used cladding powder materials such as iron-based, nickel-based, and titanium-based materials, as well as steel matrices, undergo solid-state phase transformations during rapid laser heating and cooling, such as austenite, martensite, and pearlite transformations. The lattice constants, specific volumes, and densities of these different metallographic structures vary significantly. During the high-temperature phase transformation expansion and low-temperature phase transformation contraction of the material, irreversible volume distortion occurs, and the phase transformation process is constrained by the matrix, preventing free deformation and thus generating residual phase transformation stress.

[0031] Traditional fixed-parameter processing methods lack preheating and real-time temperature control, resulting in excessively rapid and uncontrollable cooling rates in the molten pool. This easily induces unsteady martensitic phase transformations, generating high-amplitude phase transformation tensile stresses, which is one of the core causes of cracking in high-hardness cladding layers. Furthermore, the uneven cladding thickness in traditional processes leads to variations in the degree of phase transformation in different regions, further exacerbating the imbalance in phase transformation stress distribution.

[0032] Third: Solidification shrinkage stress. When cladding powder is melted by laser to form a liquid molten pool, the molten metal has inherent solidification volume shrinkage characteristics during the solidification and crystallization process from liquid to solid. Laser cladding solidification is extremely fast, and grains nucleate and grow rapidly. The volume shrinkage process cannot be fully released through plastic deformation, resulting in solidification shrinkage stress inside the cladding layer.

[0033] Traditional processes suffer from fluctuations in laser head travel speed, spot deviation, and constant powder feeding without adaptive adjustment. This leads to uneven single-pass cladding width, thickness, and overlap rate, inconsistent solidification time and rate in different areas, and shrinkage stress exhibiting characteristics of localized concentration and disordered global distribution. This can easily result in defects such as porosity, shrinkage porosity, and interlayer bonding.

[0034] Fourth: Constraint stress (structural assembly stress / motion error stress). In traditional lathe-type cladding processes, the laser cladding head undergoes continuous dynamic feeding movement. During high-speed movement, mechanical vibration, trajectory deviation, and attitude shift occur, causing continuous fluctuations in the position, incident angle, and energy density of the laser spot relative to the workpiece. This results in uneven cladding energy input per unit cross-section and inconsistent cladding layer accumulation. Deviations in cladding layer thickness, overlap, and metallurgical bonding depth at various axial and circumferential positions of shaft-type workpieces lead to uneven stress on the overall workpiece structure, generating additional structural constraint stress. This stress is superimposed with thermal stress and phase transformation stress, causing a surge in stress concentration factor, ultimately leading to localized cladding layer detachment and substrate distortion.

[0035] To address the technical problems in existing laser cladding processes, such as the inability to compensate for substrate material temperature, leading to unstable coating adhesion and poor process compatibility, this invention provides a laser cladding coating adhesion enhancement device based on full-range temperature control, such as... Figure 1 As shown.

[0036] The device specifically includes:

[0037] Base 1.

[0038] Furthermore, the base 1 serves as the mounting foundation for the entire device, and other related components can be further installed on the base 1.

[0039] Furthermore, the substrates for shaft-type parts to be processed applicable to this invention include: steel substrates and non-ferrous metal substrates, specifically as follows:

[0040] 1. Carbon steel and low alloy steel, typical grades: Q235, 45# steel, 20Cr, 40Cr, application scenarios: general mechanical parts (shafts, gears, mold bases), mining machinery (scrapers, chutes), oil drill pipes; cladding purpose: to improve surface hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.

[0041] 2. High alloy steel and stainless steel, typical grades: 304, 316L, 1Cr13, 2Cr13, application scenarios: chemical equipment (inner wall of reaction vessel, pipeline), food machinery, aero-engine connecting parts; cladding purpose: to enhance corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, or repair worn precision parts.

[0042] 3. Cast iron, typical grades: gray cast iron (HT200), ductile iron (QT450), application scenarios: engine cylinder block, machine tool bed, rolls; cladding purpose: to repair casting defects and improve surface wear resistance (replacing traditional surfacing welding, with less thermal deformation).

[0043] 4. Titanium and titanium alloys, typical grade: TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V), application scenarios: TC4: aero-engine blades, landing gear components; cladding purpose: to improve the surface wear resistance of TC4 (titanium alloys themselves have low hardness and are easily worn).

[0044] Furthermore, the base 1 also includes:

[0045] Two bearing seats 11 are disposed at both ends of the base 1, wherein a plurality of wheels 12 are mounted on the bottom of each bearing seat 11;

[0046] Two movable guide rails 13 are arranged parallel to each other along the length of the base 1, wherein the plurality of wheels 12 drive the bearing seat 11 to move along the movable guide rails.

[0047] Specifically, bearing seats are installed at both ends of the base 1, and multiple wheels 12 are installed at the bottom of each bearing seat 11. Thus, after a moving guide rail 13 is opened on the base 1, the moving guide rail 13 is a steel rail, which causes the multiple wheels 12 to drive the bearing seat 11 to move along the moving guide rail 13.

[0048] The device also includes a rotary support mechanism, which is mounted on the base 1 and is used to clamp the shaft-type parts to be processed and drive them to rotate and feed axially.

[0049] Furthermore, the rotary support mechanism includes: a first motor 21, which is fixed on the base 1; a first reducer 22, which is connected to the first motor 21; a rack 23, which is fixedly installed along the length of the base 1; a gear 24, which is assembled at the output end of the first reducer, and the gear meshes with the rack to drive the first motor 21 to move the gear 24 along the rack 23; a second motor 25, which is disposed on one of the bearing seats 22; a second reducer 26, which is connected to the second motor 25; and a clamping turntable 27, which is connected to the second motor 25, and the clamping turntable 27 is used to clamp the shaft part 3 to be processed, and drives the shaft part 3 to be processed to rotate under the drive of the second motor 25.

[0050] Furthermore, the rotary support mechanism includes: an inner hole clamp 28, which is disposed on another bearing seat 11; a positive and negative thread fixing plate 29, which is fixedly connected to the inner hole clamp 28; and a positive and negative thread screw 210, which is connected to the positive and negative thread fixing plate 29 and fixes the shaft part 3 to be processed through the positive and negative thread screw 210.

[0051] Specifically, the device also includes a rotary support mechanism, which is fixedly mounted on the base 1. Further, the rotary support mechanism includes: a first motor 21, a first reducer 22, a rack 23, a gear 24, a second motor 25, a second reducer 26, a clamping turntable 27, an internal clamp 28, a positive and negative thread fixing plate 29, and a positive and negative thread screw 210. The first motor 21 is fixed to the base 1, the first reducer 22 is connected to the first motor 21, and the rack 23 is opened along the length of the base 1. The gear 24 is assembled at the output end of the first reducer, and the gear meshes with the rack to drive the first motor 21 to move the gear 24 along the rack 23. The second motor 25 is mounted on one of the bearing seats 22. The second reducer 26 is connected to the second motor 25. The clamping turntable 27 is connected to the second motor 25 and is used to clamp the shaft part 3 to be processed, and drives the shaft part 3 to rotate under the drive of the second motor 25. The inner hole fixture 28 is mounted on another bearing seat 11; the positive and negative thread fixing plate 29 is fixedly connected to the inner hole fixture 28; the positive and negative thread rod 210 is connected to the positive and negative thread fixing plate 29, and the shaft part 3 to be processed is fixed through the positive and negative thread rod 210.

[0052] Furthermore, the device also includes: a first fixed bracket and a second fixed bracket, which are disposed on the base 1 and located outside the rotary support mechanism.

[0053] Specifically, fixed bracket one and fixed bracket two are also installed on base 1 and are located on the outside of the slewing support mechanism, so that other components can be installed.

[0054] Furthermore, the device also includes a laser cladding head 4, which is mounted on the fixed bracket 1, wherein the light outlet of the laser cladding head 4 faces the surface of the shaft-type component 3 to be processed.

[0055] Specifically, the device also includes a laser cladding head 4, which is an important component of the device when performing laser cladding. The laser cladding head 4 is fixedly installed on a fixed bracket, and the light outlet of the laser cladding head 4 faces the surface of the shaft-type parts 3 to be processed.

[0056] Furthermore, the device also includes: a temperature compensation unit, comprising: an induction heating power supply 51; an induction heating ring assembly 52 connected to the induction heating power supply 51, which uniformly heats the shaft-like parts 3 to be processed, and both the induction heating power supply 51 and the induction heating ring assembly 52 are mounted on the second fixed bracket; an infrared temperature measurement system installed above the induction heating ring assembly 52, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head 4, and mounted on the first fixed bracket; and a control unit communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply, receiving temperature signals collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputting control signals to achieve continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the rotation speed of the shaft-like parts to be processed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head.

[0057] Furthermore, the induction heating ring assembly 52 is installed on the feed side of the laser cladding head. The induction heating ring assembly 52 is two symmetrically arranged semi-arcs, and the curvature of the induction heating ring assembly 52 is consistent with the curvature of the shaft-like component 3 to be processed.

[0058] The control unit includes a signal processing module and a power adjustment module. The signal processing module receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and the power adjustment module adjusts the power output of the induction heating ring assembly, the rotational speed of the shaft component to be processed, and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head according to the output signal of the signal processing module.

[0059] Specifically, the temperature compensation unit is a crucial structure for achieving temperature compensation in this device. The temperature compensation unit includes: an induction heating power supply 51, an induction heating ring assembly 52, an infrared temperature measurement system, and a control unit. Specifically, the induction heating ring assembly 52 is connected to the induction heating power supply 51 and is installed on the left side of the laser cladding head 4. The induction heating ring assembly 52 consists of two symmetrically arranged semi-circular shapes, and the curvature of the induction heating ring assembly 52 matches the curvature of the shaft-like component 3 to be processed, thus uniformly heating the shaft-like component to achieve more precise temperature control. The induction heating component is preferably made of copper, such as T1 or T2, but specific materials can be selected according to actual needs; this embodiment does not impose specific limitations. The infrared temperature measurement system is mainly installed above the induction heating ring assembly 52, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head, and is mounted on a fixed bracket. The control unit is communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system and, based on the temperature signal received from the infrared temperature measurement system, continuously compensates for the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed during the laser cladding process and controls the rotational speed of the shaft-like parts to be processed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head. Using the preheating device described in this invention, under stable process conditions and stable workpiece dimensions, the coating obtained by laser cladding has high adhesion stability and is easy to achieve in batch production.

[0060] Furthermore, the infrared temperature measurement system includes: a first infrared temperature measuring head 53, the detection end of which is installed above the right side of the induction heating ring assembly, pointing towards the area 10mm-40mm before laser cladding on the shaft component to be processed, and the horizontal distance between the detection end of the first infrared temperature measuring head and the induction heating ring assembly is 100-200mm; a second infrared temperature measuring head 54, the detection end of which is installed above the discharge side of the laser cladding head, pointing towards the area 10mm-40mm after laser cladding on the shaft component to be processed; and a third infrared temperature measuring head 55, the detection end of which is installed above the rear side of the laser cladding head, pointing towards the laser cladding area on the shaft component to be processed.

[0061] Specifically, the infrared temperature measurement system includes multiple infrared thermometers, namely a first infrared temperature measuring head 53, a second infrared temperature measuring head 54, and a third infrared temperature measuring head 55. The first infrared temperature measuring head 53 points to the area 10mm-40mm before laser cladding on the shaft-like part 3 to be processed, and the detection end of the first infrared temperature measuring head 53 is horizontally spaced 100-200mm from the induction heating ring assembly 52. ​​The detection end of the second infrared temperature measuring head 54 is installed above the discharge side of the laser cladding head 4 and points to the area 10mm-40mm after laser cladding on the shaft-like part 3 to be processed. The detection end of the third infrared temperature measuring head 55 is installed above the rear side of the laser cladding head 4 and points to the laser cladding area on the shaft-like part 3 to be processed.

[0062] Furthermore, it also includes a vertical guide rail 56, a parallel guide rail 57, a guide rail 58, and a positive and negative lead screw 59. The vertical guide rail 56 allows the infrared temperature measurement system and the laser cladding head to slide up and down on the fixed bracket one according to the working conditions; the parallel guide rail 57 allows the infrared temperature measurement system and the laser cladding head to slide left and right on the fixed bracket one according to the working conditions; the guide rail 58 allows the induction heating ring assembly to slide up and down on the bracket two according to the working conditions; and the positive and negative lead screw 59 fixes the induction heating ring assembly on the fixed bracket two.

[0063] Therefore, addressing the core drawbacks of traditional processes—namely, the variety of stress types, uneven distribution, severe accumulation, and the inability to actively control them—this design overturns the traditional motion logic of "fixed workpiece, moving laser head." It adopts a reverse processing mode of laser fixation and dynamic workpiece feeding, coupled with a pre-positioned semi-circular induction preheating device and a real-time temperature monitoring system covering the entire process before, during, and after cladding. This constructs a novel processing system of "steady-state mechanical structure + controllable temperature gradient + adaptive closed-loop control of process parameters," specifically suppressing, homogenizing, and releasing various stresses throughout the laser cladding process, fundamentally solving processing defects caused by multiple types of stress. This innovative process significantly improves the dimensional accuracy, structural stability, and mechanical property consistency of shaft cladding repair and surface strengthening processes, effectively extending the service life of components. It is suitable for high-precision, high-reliability laser cladding processing scenarios for shaft components in high-end equipment, precision machinery, and heavy-duty equipment fields.

[0064] Furthermore, the innovations in the structure and motion mode of the equipment and the stress optimization mechanism of this invention are as follows: This design abandons the traditional lathe machining architecture and adopts a fixed laser mounting structure. The laser cladding head is fixed, and during the processing, the laser cladding head remains absolutely stationary, with no horizontal or axial displacement, completely eliminating the vibration, trajectory deviation, and spot posture offset problems caused by the movement of the traditional laser head; the shaft-type workpiece to be processed is no longer fixed to the lathe and can autonomously achieve horizontal axial stepping motion, while retaining the high-precision uniform speed rotation function of the workpiece, forming a new motion system of fixed laser head, workpiece rotation + horizontal stepping.

[0065] The core mechanism of this structural innovation in stress suppression is as follows: First, the fixed structure ensures that the laser spot energy density, incident attitude, and cladding position remain constant throughout the process, and the energy input per unit cross-section of shaft-type workpieces is highly consistent in both the circumferential and axial directions. This completely solves the problems of uneven cladding layer thickness and overlap deviation caused by spot offset and vibration in traditional processes, eliminating the source of constraint stress and additional structural stress from the structural level. Second, the coupled motion of uniform workpiece rotation and uniform stepping makes the cladding pass arrangement uniform and the overlap consistency between layers significantly improved. The regularity of cladding layer formation is significantly improved, effectively weakening the local enrichment of solidification shrinkage stress and allowing solidification stress to be evenly distributed throughout the entire area, avoiding excessively high local stress peaks.

[0066] Furthermore, the preheating device, the global temperature measurement and closed-loop parameter control system, and the stress control mechanism are specifically as follows: A semi-arc-shaped induction heating preheating device is installed at the front end of the laser cladding head. The semi-arc structure can completely conform to the cylindrical curved surface of the shaft, achieving 360° uniform preheating of the workpiece cladding area. This can accurately increase the initial temperature of the substrate, reduce the instantaneous temperature gradient between the molten pool and the substrate, significantly reduce the drastic temperature difference during the cladding process, and suppress the amplitude of thermal stress generation from the root. At the same time, uniform preheating can reduce the cooling rate of the molten pool, avoid the unsteady phase transformation caused by rapid cooling, effectively control the metallographic transformation process, weaken the phase transformation stress, suppress the excessive formation of high-hardness brittle martensite, and eliminate microcrack defects caused by phase transformation stress.

[0067] Meanwhile, the system is equipped with a high-precision global temperature detection module, which collects key temperature data of three core areas in real time: the initial temperature of the substrate preheating zone before cladding, the dynamic real-time temperature of the molten pool during laser cladding, and the steady-state cooling temperature of the cladding layer after cladding, so as to realize dynamic monitoring of the temperature field throughout the cladding process.

[0068] Based on multi-region temperature closed-loop feedback data, the system can intelligently link and adaptively adjust three core process parameters: laser powder feeding speed, shaft workpiece rotation speed, and shaft workpiece horizontal stepping speed. Compared with the traditional fixed parameter processing mode, this design can accurately match the optimal cladding process according to the thermal properties of different materials and real-time temperature conditions: by adjusting the powder feeding amount to match the molten pool temperature, it ensures that the cladding powder is fully melted and uniformly solidified, and stably releases solidification shrinkage stress; by adjusting the workpiece rotation speed and stepping speed, it unifies the cladding heat input and cooling rate across the entire domain, achieving consistent thermal cycling conditions for all processed sections of the shaft, making thermal stress, phase transformation stress, and shrinkage stress uniform and low-valued across the entire domain, and completely solving the problem of discrete stress distribution and local enrichment in traditional processes.

[0069] The design further achieves the following technical effects: Through the coupling of multiple technologies such as structural innovation, preheating temperature control, global temperature measurement, and closed-loop parameter regulation, it realizes comprehensive and multi-dimensional optimization and control of four core stresses: laser cladding thermal stress, phase transformation stress, solidification shrinkage stress, and constraint stress. The specific adaptation and solution effects are as follows:

[0070] 1. Effectiveness in addressing thermal stress: Semi-arc uniform preheating reduces the temperature gradient between the substrate and the molten pool; fixed laser posture and uniform workpiece movement achieve uniform heat input across the entire domain; closed-loop temperature control stabilizes the cooling rate, significantly reducing the overall amplitude of thermal stress, eliminating uneven distribution of axial and circumferential thermal stress, and preventing substrate deformation and surface cracks caused by temperature differences.

[0071] 2. Effectiveness in addressing phase transformation stress: Controllable preheating temperature and molten pool cooling rate enable steady-state phase transformation of the metallographic structure, avoid high-amplitude phase transformation stress generated by non-equilibrium brittle phase transformation, and ensure uniform phase transformation across the entire domain by a uniform thermal field, eliminating local accumulation of phase transformation stress and improving the uniformity and toughness of the cladding layer.

[0072] 3. Effectiveness in addressing solidification shrinkage stress: The adaptive powder feeding speed matches the molten pool temperature, ensuring sufficient powder melting and a stable solidification process. The uniform thickness and overlap of the cladding layer ensure consistent solidification shrinkage across the entire region, avoiding localized shrinkage stress concentration and eliminating defects such as shrinkage porosity, air pockets, and interlayer cracking.

[0073] 4. Effectiveness in resolving constraint stress: The fixed laser structure completely eliminates motion vibration and spot deviation, eliminates additional structural constraint stress caused by process motion errors, ensures the consistency of cladding forming per unit cross section, and avoids uneven structural stress caused by forming deviation.

[0074] Therefore, by integrating multiple technologies such as mechanical structure steady-state innovation, induction preheating temperature control, and full-domain temperature closed-loop parameter regulation, this design can maximize the uniformity of the size, structure, and properties of the cladding layer per unit cross-section of shaft workpieces, and achieve low-value, uniform, and controllable multi-type stresses throughout the cladding process. It completely avoids various processing defects caused by the superposition and enrichment of thermal stress, phase transformation stress, shrinkage stress, and constraint stress in traditional processes, fundamentally ensuring a uniform, stable, and reliable metallurgical bond between the cladding layer and the base material of the shaft components.

[0075] Therefore, the online preheating temperature control system described in this invention can effectively improve the thermal stress distribution between the substrate and the coating during the cladding process, thereby reducing the temperature gradient between the substrate and the coating, slowing down the cooling rate, and releasing the thermal stress generated during the cladding process through plastic deformation. The residual stress at the interface can be transformed from tensile stress to compressive stress, thus improving the reliability of the bonding force. The online preheating temperature control system described in this invention optimizes the cladding process parameters, refining the cladding layer structure into equiaxed crystals and forming a uniform solid solution or eutectic structure at the interface, preventing the formation of coarse columnar crystals or dendrites, and avoiding the segregation of hard and brittle phases (such as carbides and borides) at the interface, thereby improving the impact toughness of the coating interface. Furthermore, the preheating device described in this invention is economical and practical, with easily controllable production costs, and is highly versatile, suitable for all laser cladding remanufacturing requirements of rotary shaft components, lowering the technological threshold.

[0076] Therefore, this device, through the inclusion of an induction heating ring assembly, a real-time monitoring infrared temperature measurement system, and a closed-loop control unit, achieves continuous compensation and precise control of the substrate temperature for shaft-type components during laser cladding. The front and rear induction heating ring structure ensures uniform heating, and the multi-zone infrared temperature measurement system can adjust the spindle speed and powder output rate in real time based on temperature parameters, adapting to the processing needs of shaft-type components of different sizes. The device's rational structural layout and precise temperature control effectively improve the adhesion and process stability of the laser cladding coating.

[0077] The device has easy cost control, strong process adaptability, low technical requirements for on-site workers in debugging, intelligent compensation control of substrate material temperature, which is beneficial to the quality control of the bonding force between the coating and the substrate during laser cladding. The method is reliable, the device is stable and has strong versatility.

[0078] Example 2

[0079] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a laser cladding coating adhesion enhancement method based on global temperature control, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. The method specifically includes:

[0080] Step 1: Determine the cladding material according to the preset requirements.

[0081] Specifically, taking laser cladding of a 120mm diameter 40Cr drill pipe shaft substrate in the oil industry as an example, the cladding material is matched to the 40Cr substrate. 40Cr is a medium-carbon alloy steel, and nickel-based or iron-based self-fluxing alloy powders are preferred, taking into account compatibility with the substrate and downhole operating conditions: a mixed powder is used: Ni60A (nickel-based, hardness HRC58~62, corrosion and wear resistant) and Fe55 (iron-based, low cost, hardness HRC55~58, suitable for heavy-load wear scenarios). Powder requirements: particle size 53~150μm (good compatibility with pneumatic powder feeding), sphericity >90%, flowability >18s / 50g (Hall flowmeter test).

[0082] Step 2: Pre-treatment of the substrate of shaft-type parts to be machined.

[0083] Specifically, this step is crucial, as it is one of the key factors determining the bonding strength of the cladding layer. For the cylindrical surface of a φ120mm drill rod, the pretreatment process is as follows: Machining: Turn the drill rod surface to be clad, removing the original wear and corrosion layers, leaving a cladding allowance of 0.5~0.8mm; Machining the surface roughness to Ra3.2~6.3μm increases the mechanical interlocking area between the substrate and the cladding layer; Cleaning and degreasing: Ultrasonically clean the surface with acetone or anhydrous ethanol to remove cutting fluid and oil, followed by hot air drying to prevent residual liquid from causing porosity in the cladding layer; Sandblasting roughening: Use white corundum abrasive (0.8~1.2mm particle size), sandblasting pressure 0.4~0.6MPa, sandblasting angle 45°~60°, resulting in a surface roughness of Ra12.5~25μm; the purpose is to remove surface oxide scale, creating an uneven interface and improving the bonding strength of the cladding layer.

[0084] Step 3: Adjust the laser equipment and set the parameters.

[0085] Specifically, a fiber laser (power 2000~3000W) + coaxial powder feeding system + CNC rotary table is selected, with the following core parameters: Laser parameters: power 2000W, spot diameter 4mm, scanning speed 3mm / s; Powder feeding parameters: powder feeding rate 15g / min, carrier gas (argon) flow rate 8L / min; Protection parameters: coaxial protective gas (argon) flow rate 15L / min, back protective gas (argon) flow rate 8L / min; Motion parameters: drill pipe rotation speed 15r / min, overlap rate 30%.

[0086] Step 4: Clamping and positioning. Adjust the distance between the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the shaft-like parts to be processed to 15-20mm to ensure that the light spot coincides with the powder feeding focal point.

[0087] Specifically, during the laser cladding implementation stage, clamping and positioning are required first. The pre-treated shaft parts to be processed are clamped on the clamping turntable, and the distance between the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the shaft parts to be processed is adjusted to 15-20mm. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the laser spot and the powder feeding focus coincide.

[0088] Step 5: Introduce protective gas 3-5 minutes in advance to purge the air from the cladding area.

[0089] Specifically, the next step is inert gas protection. Protective gas needs to be introduced 3-5 minutes in advance to purge the air from the cladding area and prevent the 40Cr matrix and cladding powder from oxidizing at high temperatures.

[0090] Step 6: Start the device and use the induction heating ring assembly to uniformly heat the shaft parts to be processed. The heating temperature range is 300-650 degrees Celsius. Perform spiral cladding according to the set parameters.

[0091] Specifically, during the cladding process control, the laser needs to be activated to perform spiral cladding according to the set parameters. At this time, the clamping turntable 27 drives the shaft-like parts 3 to be processed to rotate, and simultaneously... Figure 1 As shown, the first motor drives multiple wheels to move horizontally and at a constant speed from left to right along two moving guide rails.

[0092] Step 7: Real-time temperature monitoring of the molten pool before, during, and after cladding is achieved using an infrared temperature measurement system, and process parameters are adjusted in a closed loop.

[0093] Furthermore, the infrared temperature measurement system collects the temperature before, during, and after cladding in real time, monitors the molten pool status, and adjusts the process parameters in a closed loop. Specifically, the system uses a first infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature 10mm-40mm before the laser cladding spot as T1, a third infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature of the laser cladding spot area as T0, and a second infrared temperature measuring head to collect the temperature 10mm-40mm after the laser cladding spot as T2. When T0-T2=T1, the cladding operation can proceed normally, and the shaft speed is set according to the process settings. When T0-T2<T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 1.2~1.6 times, correspondingly increasing the powder output rate. When T0-T2>T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 0.6~0.8 times, correspondingly decreasing the powder output rate.

[0094] The signal processing module receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and the power adjustment module adjusts the power output of the induction heating ring assembly according to the output signal of the signal processing module to complete the continuous compensation and control of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed by the induction heating ring assembly during the laser cladding process. This includes: when T2-T1≤200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly remains unchanged, maintaining the process setting value; when T2-T1>200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly increases to 1~1.2 times the original process setting value.

[0095] Specifically, the molten pool status is monitored in real time: the molten pool temperature (T0 is 1200℃) is collected by an infrared thermometer. Excessive temperature can lead to coarse matrix grains, while insufficient temperature results in poor bonding of the cladding layer. The temperature T1, 40mm in front of the laser spot, is collected by the infrared thermometer at 200℃ before the molten pool and 40mm behind the laser spot at 800℃ after the molten pool. Through PID calculation (T0-T2>T1), the powder feed rate is adjusted to 12g / min, the argon flow rate to 8L / min, and the rotation speed of the shaft-like parts to be processed to 12r / min. The control unit is then activated, adjusting the induction heating ring assembly located in front of the cladding head. The powder feed rate, the rotation speed of the shaft-like parts to be processed, and the start / stop control unit are all controlled in real time through PID calculations based on the temperatures T0, T1, and T2 collected by the infrared thermometer.

[0096] Step 8: After the cladding is completed, place the clad shaft parts into an insulated box for heat preservation and slow cooling;

[0097] Specifically, in the post-processing stage, the first step is to keep the temperature warm and cool slowly. That is, after the cladding is completed, the clad shaft parts are placed in a heat preservation box (200℃) for 4~6 hours and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to eliminate the residual stress between the cladding layer and the substrate and prevent cracking.

[0098] Step 9: Turn the cladding surface to the design dimensions.

[0099] Specifically, the next step is machining, which involves turning the cladding surface to the designed size (φ120mm) according to the preset requirements, thereby ensuring that the cylindricity tolerance of the cladding shaft parts is ≤0.05mm; the surface roughness after fine grinding can reach Ra0.8~1.6μm.

[0100] Step 10: Perform quality inspection on the machined shaft parts.

[0101] The quality inspection includes appearance inspection and performance inspection. The appearance inspection includes detecting porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion defects. The performance inspection includes hardness testing, bond strength testing, and metallographic inspection.

[0102] Specifically, the final step involves quality inspection of the machined shaft components. This includes: visual inspection: ensuring the absence of defects such as porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion; and performance inspection: hardness testing (the hardness of the cladding layer meets design requirements), bond strength testing (tensile bond strength ≥ 450 MPa), and metallographic inspection (the cladding layer and the substrate are metallurgically bonded, with no obvious interface defects).

[0103] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one or more of the following technical effects:

[0104] This invention provides a device and method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on full-range temperature control. The device includes: a rotary support mechanism mounted on a base for clamping and driving the shaft-like component to be processed, and axially feeding it; two fixed supports, a first fixed support and a second fixed support, mounted on the base and located outside the rotary support mechanism; a laser cladding head mounted on the first fixed support, with its light outlet facing the surface of the shaft-like component; a temperature compensation unit including: an induction heating power supply; an induction heating ring assembly connected to the induction heating power supply, which uniformly heats the shaft-like component, and both the induction heating power supply and the induction heating ring assembly are mounted on the second fixed support; and an infrared temperature measurement system installed on the induction heating ring assembly, the laser cladding area, and the laser... Above the laser cladding head, and with the infrared temperature measurement system mounted on the fixed bracket, a control unit is connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply. The control unit receives temperature signals collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputs control signals to achieve continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the rotation speed of the shaft-like parts to be processed and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head. This device, through the setting of an induction heating ring assembly, a real-time monitoring infrared temperature measurement system, and a closed-loop control control unit, achieves continuous compensation and precise control of the substrate temperature of shaft-like parts during laser cladding. This solves the technical problems in the prior art where substrate material temperature compensation cannot be achieved during laser cladding, easily leading to unstable coating adhesion and poor process matching. It achieves the technical effect of intelligently compensating and controlling the substrate material temperature, which is beneficial to the quality control of the adhesion between the coating and the substrate during laser cladding. Furthermore, the method is reliable, the device is stable, and it has strong versatility.

[0105] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0106] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations to the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on global temperature control, characterized in that, The device includes: Base; A rotary support mechanism is mounted on the base and is used to clamp the shaft-type parts to be processed and drive them to rotate and feed axially. Fixed bracket one and fixed bracket two are disposed on the base and located on the outside of the rotary support mechanism; A laser cladding head is mounted on the fixed bracket, wherein the light outlet of the laser cladding head faces the surface of the shaft-like component to be processed. Temperature compensation unit, the temperature compensation unit includes: Induction heating power supply; An induction heating ring assembly is connected to the induction heating power supply. The induction heating ring assembly is used to uniformly heat the shaft-like parts to be processed. Both the induction heating power supply and the induction heating ring assembly are mounted on the fixed bracket two. An infrared temperature measurement system is installed above the induction heating ring assembly, the laser cladding area, and the laser cladding head, and is mounted on the fixed bracket. The control unit is communicatively connected to the infrared temperature measurement system, the rotary support mechanism, the laser cladding head, and the induction heating power supply. The control unit receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system and outputs control signals to realize continuous compensation of the substrate temperature of the shaft-like parts to be processed and control of the rotation speed of the shaft and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head.

2. The laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on global temperature control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The base also includes: Two bearing housings are disposed at both ends of the base, wherein multiple wheels are mounted on the bottom of each bearing housing; Two movable guide rails are arranged parallel to each other along the length of the base, wherein the plurality of wheels drive the bearing seat to move along the movable guide rails.

3. The laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on full-range temperature control as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The slewing support mechanism includes: A first motor, which is fixed on the base; A first speed reducer is connected to the first motor; A rack, which is fixedly installed along the length of the base; A gear is mounted at the output end of a first reducer, and the gear meshes with a rack to enable the first motor to drive the gear to move along the rack. A second motor is mounted on one of the bearing housings; The second reducer is connected to the second motor; A clamping turntable is connected to the second motor, and the clamping turntable is used to clamp the shaft-like parts to be processed, and drives the shaft-like parts to be processed to rotate under the drive of the second motor.

4. The laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on full-range temperature control as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The slewing support mechanism includes: An internal hole clamp is disposed on another of the bearing seats; A positive and negative thread fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner hole clamp. A positive and negative lead screw is connected to a positive and negative lead screw fixing plate, and the shaft part to be processed is fixed by the positive and negative lead screw.

5. The laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on global temperature control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: The induction heating ring assembly is installed on the feed side of the laser cladding head. The induction heating ring assembly consists of two symmetrically arranged semi-arcs, and the curvature of the induction heating ring assembly is consistent with the curvature of the shaft-like parts to be processed. The control unit includes a signal processing module and a power adjustment module. The signal processing module receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and the power adjustment module adjusts the power output of the induction heating ring assembly, the rotational speed of the shaft component to be processed, and the powder feeding amount of the laser cladding head according to the output signal of the signal processing module.

6. The laser cladding coating adhesion strengthening device based on full-range temperature control as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared temperature measurement system includes: The first infrared temperature measuring head has its detection end installed on the upper right side of the induction heating ring assembly, pointing towards the area 10mm-40mm before laser cladding on the shaft-like parts to be processed. The horizontal distance between the detection end of the first infrared temperature measuring head and the induction heating ring assembly is 100-200mm. The second infrared temperature measuring head has its detection end installed above the discharge side of the laser cladding head, pointing towards the 10mm-40mm area on the shaft-like parts to be processed after laser cladding. The third infrared temperature measuring head has its detection end installed above and behind the laser cladding head, pointing towards the laser cladding area on the shaft-like component to be processed.

7. A method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Determine the cladding material according to the preset requirements; Step 2: Pre-treatment of the substrate of the shaft-type parts to be machined; Step 3: Adjust the laser equipment and set the parameters; Step 4: Clamping and positioning, adjust the distance between the coaxial powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the shaft-like parts to be processed to 15-20mm, and ensure that the light spot coincides with the powder feeding focal point; Step 5: Introduce protective gas 3-5 minutes in advance to purge the air from the cladding area; Step 6: Start the device and uniformly heat the shaft parts to be processed through the induction heating ring assembly. The heating temperature range is 300-650 degrees Celsius. Perform spiral cladding according to the set parameters. Step 7: Real-time temperature monitoring of the molten pool before, during, and after cladding is achieved using an infrared temperature measurement system, and process parameters are adjusted in a closed loop. Step 8: After the cladding is completed, place the clad shaft parts into an insulated box for heat preservation and slow cooling; Step 9: Turn the cladding surface to the design dimensions; Step 10: Perform quality inspection on the machined shaft parts.

8. The method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step 10, the quality inspection includes appearance inspection and performance inspection. The appearance inspection includes detecting porosity, cracks, and lack of fusion defects. The performance inspection includes hardness testing, bonding strength testing, and metallographic inspection.

9. The method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step 7, the temperature before, during, and after cladding is collected in real time using an infrared temperature measurement system to monitor the molten pool status and adjust process parameters in a closed-loop manner. Specifically, this includes: The temperature of the area 10mm-40mm before the laser cladding spot is collected by the first infrared temperature measuring head as T1, the temperature of the laser cladding spot area is collected by the third infrared temperature measuring head as T0, and the temperature of the area 10mm-40mm after the laser cladding spot is collected by the second infrared temperature measuring head as T2. When T0-T2=T1, the cladding operation can proceed normally, and the shaft speed is set according to the process settings. When T0-T2<T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 1.2~1.6 times, and the powder feeding and output rate is increased accordingly. When T0-T2>T1, the shaft speed is compensated by 0.6~0.8 times, and the powder feeding and output rate is reduced accordingly.

10. The method for strengthening the adhesion of laser cladding coatings based on global temperature control as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In step 7, the temperature before, during, and after cladding is collected in real time using an infrared temperature measurement system to monitor the molten pool status and adjust process parameters in a closed-loop manner. Specifically, this includes: The signal processing module receives the temperature signal collected by the infrared temperature measurement system, and the power adjustment module adjusts the power output of the induction heating ring assembly according to the output signal of the signal processing module, so as to complete the continuous compensation and control of the temperature of the substrate of the shaft-like parts to be processed by the induction heating ring assembly during the laser cladding process, including: When T2-T1≤200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly remains unchanged, maintaining the process setting value; When T2-T1 > 200℃, the power output of the induction heating ring assembly increases to 1 to 1.2 times the original process setting value.

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