Slipper device for a turnout and turnout

Abstract

The application provides a sliding bed plate device suitable for a turnout and a turnout. The sliding bed plate device suitable for the turnout comprises a base plate assembly, a sliding bed plate, a first elastic strip and a first connecting assembly. The base plate assembly is arranged on a sleeper and is configured to support a base rail. The sliding bed plate vertically and upwardly protrudes from the base plate assembly on the working side of the base rail and is configured to slidably support a point rail. The sliding bed plate is transversely provided with a receiving groove. The first elastic strip is located in the receiving groove and comprises a lower elastic strip and an upper elastic strip located above the lower elastic strip. The upper elastic strip comprises a first connecting portion away from the base rail and a first abutting portion opposite to the first connecting portion. The lower elastic strip comprises a second connecting portion away from the base rail and a second abutting portion opposite to the second connecting portion. The first connecting assembly is configured to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, so that the first abutting portion elastically abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove, and at the same time, the second abutting portion elastically abuts the rail limb of the base rail against the base plate assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] At least one embodiment of this application relates to the field of turnout technology, and more particularly to a slide plate device suitable for turnouts and a turnout. Background Technology

[0002] Turnouts are used in railway tracks to achieve track switching. The slide plate is a component of the turnout switch, used to support the stock rail and provide a sliding support surface for the switch rail, ensuring that the switch rail can smoothly complete the reciprocating switching action. Both the working and non-working sides of the stock rail need to be equipped with clamping structures to achieve reliable fixation. In related technologies, the clamping structure on the working side is set inside the slide plate of the slide plate.

[0003] However, the force transmission path design of some working side clamping structures is unreasonable, the matching between the force application point, support point and clamping point is poor, and the clamping pressure decays quickly under long-term operation, making it difficult to maintain the gauge accuracy and longitudinal resistance of the stock rail continuously and stably. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the above-mentioned and other technical problems in the prior art, this application provides a slide plate device and a turnout suitable for turnouts, which can reconstruct the force transmission path of the elastic clamping system on the working side of the base rail in the switching area and maintain the stability of clamping force and longitudinal resistance over a long period of time.

[0005] This application provides a slide plate device suitable for turnouts, including a pad assembly, a slide platform, a first elastic bar, and a first connecting assembly. The pad assembly is disposed on a sleeper and configured to support the stock rail. The slide platform integrally protrudes vertically upward from the pad assembly on the working side of the stock rail and is configured to slidably support the switch rail. A receiving groove is formed in the slide platform laterally. The first elastic bar is located in the receiving groove and includes a lower elastic bar and an upper elastic bar located above the lower elastic bar. The upper elastic bar includes a first connecting portion away from the stock rail and a first abutting portion opposite to the first connecting portion. The lower elastic bar includes a second connecting portion away from the stock rail and a second abutting portion opposite to the second connecting portion. The first connecting assembly is configured to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, such that the first abutting portion elastically abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove, while the second abutting portion elastically abuts the rail leg of the stock rail against the pad assembly.

[0006] According to an embodiment of this application, the first connecting assembly includes a first bolt and a first nut. The shank of the first bolt passes through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion and is threadedly engaged with the first nut. At least a portion of the upper surface of the upper spring bar forms a support surface that abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove.

[0007] According to an embodiment of this application, a first transition portion is provided between the first connecting portion and the first abutting portion, and the first transition portion is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly from the first connecting portion to the first abutting portion. The upper surface of the first abutting portion is parallel to the top wall of the receiving groove to form a support surface.

[0008] According to an embodiment of this application, a second transition portion is provided between the second connecting portion and the second abutting portion. The second transition portion is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly from the second connecting portion to the second abutting portion. The angle between the second transition portion and the first transition portion is greater than zero and less than 45 degrees.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, the length of the lower elastic bar in the extension direction is set to 2 to 4 times the length of the upper elastic bar in the extension direction.

[0010] According to an embodiment of this application, the thickness of the lower elastic bar in the vertical direction gradually increases from the end of the second abutment portion away from the second connecting portion along the length direction of the lower elastic bar toward the second connecting portion.

[0011] According to an embodiment of this application, the slide plate device for a turnout further includes a support member. The support member is disposed in the receiving groove, located below the second abutment portion.

[0012] According to an embodiment of this application, both ends of the slide table are provided with vertically extending openings that connect to the receiving groove.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, a first recess is formed inward at one end of the slide table near the base rail. The first recess extends longitudinally, and the inclination angle of the top wall of the first recess is greater than the inclination angle of the edge of the upper surface of the rail leg.

[0014] According to an embodiment of this application, the pad assembly includes a base layer, a main pad layer, and a pad layer. The base layer is disposed on the sleeper. The main pad layer is disposed on the base layer, and the slide table is integrally formed on the main pad layer. The top surface of the main pad layer forms the bottom wall of a receiving groove. The pad layer is disposed between the main pad layer and the main rail.

[0015] According to an embodiment of this application, a second recess is formed inward at the bottom of the end of the slide table near the base rail.

[0016] According to an embodiment of this application, the portion of the main pad layer located in the receiving groove is recessed downwards.

[0017] This application also provides a turnout, including a pair of main rails, a pair of switch rails, multiple pairs of slide plate assemblies suitable for the turnout, and a switch machine. The pair of main rails extends longitudinally and is arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction. The pair of switch rails extends longitudinally and is respectively located on the working side of the corresponding main rail, arranged transversely adjacent to the corresponding main rail. The multiple pairs of slide plate assemblies suitable for the turnout are distributed longitudinally at intervals. The pair of main rails is mounted on multiple pairs of base plate assemblies, the pair of switch rails is slidably mounted on multiple pairs of slide plates, and the switch machine is configured to drive the pair of switch rails to synchronously reciprocate laterally to switch the turnout's operating direction.

[0018] According to the embodiments of this application, a slide plate device and a turnout applicable to a turnout are constructed by using upper and lower elastic bars stacked vertically to form a first elastic bar. When the first connecting assembly is tightened, the first connecting part and the second connecting part are clamped simultaneously. The first abutting part of the upper elastic bar presses upward against the top wall of the receiving groove, and the slide plate itself provides a supporting reaction force for the upper elastic bar. Meanwhile, the second abutting part of the lower elastic bar presses downward against the rail leg of the main rail, elastically pressing the rail leg against the pad assembly. Therefore, the force of the entire clamping system is self-balancing within the slide plate, eliminating the need for additional support structures. This reconstructs the force transmission path of the elastic clamping system on the working side of the main rail in the turnout area, enabling long-term stability of clamping force and longitudinal resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 The illustration schematically shows a slide plate device for a turnout according to an embodiment of the present application and a transverse sectional view of the turnout;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic illustration Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a slide plate device suitable for turnouts is shown;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic illustration Figure 2 Top view;

[0023] Figure 4 The illustration shows the removal Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of some of the pad components and the slide table;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic illustration Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first elastic bar and the first connecting component shown;

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic illustration Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the upper elastic bar shown;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic illustration Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the lower elastic bar shown;

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic illustration Figure 5 The front view;

[0028] Figure 9 Schematic illustration Figure 6 The front view;

[0029] Figure 10 Schematic illustration Figure 7 The front view;

[0030] Figure 11 This schematic diagram shows a simplified representation of the bending moment distribution of a portion of the first elastic bar in its operational state.

[0031] Figure 12 Schematic illustration Figure 2 The front view;

[0032] Figure 13 Schematic illustration Figure 4 The front view;

[0033] Figure 14 Schematic illustration Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main pad layer, slide table, and support components shown;

[0034] Figure 15 Schematic illustration Figure 14 The front view;

[0035] Figure 16 Schematic illustration Figure 15 The left view.

[0036] In the accompanying drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0037] 1. Pad assembly; 11. Main pad layer; 12. Base layer; 13. Pad layer;

[0038] 2. Basic rail; 21. Rail legs;

[0039] 3. Slide table; 31. Receiving groove; 32. Opening; 33. First recess; 34. Second recess;

[0040] 4. First spring bar; 41. Lower spring bar; 411. Second connecting part; 412. Second transition part; 413. Second abutting part; 42. Upper spring bar; 420. Support surface; 421. First connecting part; 422. First transition part; 423. First abutting part; 43. Through hole;

[0041] 5. First connecting assembly; 51. First bolt; 52. First nut;

[0042] 6. Support component; 7. Second connecting assembly; 8. Mounting base; 9. Second spring bar; 10. Third connecting assembly; 100. Adjusting block; 110. Switch rail. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0045] All terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0046] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," the expression should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or systems having A, B, and C. Similarly, when using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C," the expression should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by those skilled in the art. For example, "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or systems having A, B, and C.

[0047] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Throughout the drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding this application.

[0048] The sliding plate device for turnouts described in this application is applied to the switch section of railway turnouts and is arranged in pairs at certain intervals on the sleepers below the left and right main rails along the longitudinal direction of the turnout. This device provides a stable bearing foundation and elastic clamping fixation for the main rails, ensuring the gauge and positional accuracy of the main rails. Furthermore, the top surface of the sliding plate provides a low-friction sliding support surface for the switch rails. Combined with the driving force of the switch machine, this allows the switch rails to move smoothly back and forth laterally, enabling the switching of the turnout's vertical and lateral operating directions. This device is adaptable to various turnout models of conventional railways, heavy-haul railways, and high-speed railways, and is particularly suitable for line scenarios with high train loads, high traffic density, and high requirements for structural durability and ease of maintenance.

[0049] Turnouts are used in railway tracks to achieve track switching. The slide plate is a component of the turnout switch, used to support the stock rail and provide a continuous sliding support surface for the switch rail, ensuring that the switch rail can smoothly complete the lateral reciprocating switching action. To maintain track gauge accuracy and ensure train operation stability, both the working and non-working sides of the stock rail need to be equipped with elastic clamping structures for reliable fixation. The non-working side of the stock rail has ample space, and the clamping structure can be independently arranged on the sleeper or pad. However, on the working side of the stock rail, due to the dual constraints of the vertically protruding slide plate structure and the lateral sliding space of the switch rail, it is difficult to independently install a clamping device on the outside of the slide plate. Therefore, the elastic clamping structure on the working side is set inside the slide plate, using the slide plate to achieve elastic clamping of the stock rail legs.

[0050] In related technologies, the elastic clamping structure of slide plates often adopts a single elastic bar or a pin combined with a spring sheet. The slide table needs to be machined with dedicated positioning grooves, pin holes, and other structures to accommodate the installation of the elastic element. This involves many processing steps, high precision requirements, and poor versatility between different product models. From the perspective of stress performance, the support between the elastic element and the slide table is mostly in line contact, with a small contact area. The dynamic load when the train passes is concentrated on the narrow contact line. Under long-term cyclic action, the elastic bar is prone to fatigue deformation or even breakage, resulting in a decrease in clamping performance. At the same time, the lever arm adjustment space of the single elastic bar structure is limited, and it is difficult to achieve a good match between the relative positions of the force application point, support point, and clamping point. Stress bending and loss occur during force transmission, resulting in unstable clamping force output and insufficient longitudinal resistance retention capacity.

[0051] Figure 1 The schematic illustration shows a slide plate device for a turnout and a cross-sectional view of the turnout according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 Schematic illustration Figure 1 The diagram shows a three-dimensional schematic of a slide plate device suitable for turnouts. Figure 3 Schematic illustration Figure 2 Top view. Figure 4 The illustration shows the removal Figure 2A three-dimensional schematic diagram of some of the pad components and the slide table. Figure 5 Schematic illustration Figure 4 The diagram shows a three-dimensional representation of the first elastic bar and the first connecting component. Figure 6 Schematic illustration Figure 5 The diagram shows a three-dimensional representation of the upper spring bar. Figure 7 Schematic illustration Figure 5 The diagram shows a three-dimensional representation of the lower spring bar.

[0052] like Figures 1-7 As shown, this application provides a slide plate device suitable for turnouts, including a pad assembly 1, a slide platform 3, a first elastic bar 4, and a first connecting assembly 5. The pad assembly 1 is disposed on the sleeper and is configured to support the main rail 2. The slide platform 3 protrudes vertically upward integrally from the pad assembly 1 on the working side of the main rail 2 and is configured to slidably support the switch rail 110. The slide platform 3 has a receiving groove 31 that extends laterally through it. The first elastic bar 4 is located in the receiving groove 31 and includes a lower elastic bar 41 and an upper elastic bar 42 located above the lower elastic bar 41. The upper elastic bar 42 includes a first connecting portion 421 away from the main rail 2 and a first abutting portion 423 opposite to the first connecting portion 421. The lower elastic bar 41 includes a second connecting portion 411 away from the main rail 2 and a second abutting portion 413 opposite to the second connecting portion 411. The first connecting assembly 5 is configured to connect the first connecting portion 421 and the second connecting portion 411, such that the first abutting portion 423 elastically abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove 31, while the second abutting portion 413 elastically abuts the rail leg 21 of the basic rail 2 against the pad assembly 1.

[0053] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As can be seen, the pad assembly 1 is generally rectangular flat, with its lateral width covering the horizontal projection area of ​​the basic rail 2 and the slide table 3. The outer contour dimensions of the plate are adapted to the bearing surface of the sleeper. Two second connecting components 7 respectively install the lateral ends of the pad assembly 1 onto the sleeper. Specifically, by pre-reserving anchoring holes at the lateral ends of the pad assembly 1, matching anchoring bolts can pass through the holes to fix the entire device to the top surface of the sleeper, restricting the lateral movement of the device and ensuring that the upper load is evenly transferred to the lower sleeper. A vulcanized layer is provided at the edge anchoring position of the pad assembly 1. This vulcanized layer is bonded to the pad body using a vulcanization process. The contact area with the body is increased by the use of grooves and chamfered structures, improving the bonding firmness. This type of vulcanization structure is mostly used in passenger dedicated high-speed railway scenarios, and is generally not used in conventional railways and urban rail transit scenarios.

[0054] In some exemplary embodiments, the slide table 3 integrally protrudes upward from the upper surface of the pad assembly 1, has an approximately inverted trapezoidal cross-section, and its top is a horizontal sliding surface. The slide table 3 and the pad assembly 1 are integrally cast. (Refer to...) Figure 2 , Figure 4 The receiving groove 31 extends transversely through the left and right sidewalls of the slide table 3. The groove cross-section can be rectangular or other configurations adapted to the assembly deformation of the first elastic bar 4. The receiving groove 31 is open at both ends transversely, and the vertical height inside the groove provides a margin for the assembly and elastic deformation of the first elastic bar 4. The first elastic bar 4 is housed inside the receiving groove 31 of the slide table 3 and will not encroach on the transverse sliding space of the switch rail 110. The second abutment part 413 of the lower elastic bar 41 is provided with a fitting arc that matches the shape of the rail leg 21 of the main rail 2. During the clamping operation, the second abutment part 413 will not have local sharp corner hard contact, preventing the second abutment part 413 from scratching or damaging the surface of the rail leg 21 under the action of train load.

[0055] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The upper elastic bar 42 and the lower elastic bar 41 are stacked one on top of the other in the receiving groove 31. The first connecting part 421 and the second connecting part 411 are aligned and overlapped. The first abutting part 423 of the upper elastic bar 42 presses upward against the top of the receiving groove 31, and the second abutting part 413 of the lower elastic bar 41 presses downward against the rail leg 21 of the base rail 2. The two abutting ends generate elastic forces in opposite directions. The first elastic bar 4 is arranged in a cantilever shape along the transverse direction. The first connecting part 421 and the second connecting part 411 are the restraining ends of the cantilever, and the first abutting part 423 and the second abutting part 413 are the movable force-bearing ends of the cantilever. The first elastic bar 4 is made of high fatigue spring steel and continuously outputs clamping force by its own elastic deformation. Unlike rigid clamping structures, when the base rail 2 experiences slight shaking or the parts experience slight wear, the first elastic bar 4 can still maintain close contact with the corresponding structure.

[0056] According to the above embodiments of this application, by employing an upper elastic bar 42 and a lower elastic bar 41 stacked vertically to form a first elastic bar 4, when the first connecting assembly 5 is tightened, the first connecting part 421 and the second connecting part 411 are clamped simultaneously. The first abutting part 423 of the upper elastic bar 42 presses upward against the top wall of the receiving groove 31, and the slide table 3 itself provides a supporting reaction force for the upper elastic bar 42. Furthermore, the second abutting part 413 of the lower elastic bar 41 presses downward against the rail leg 21 of the basic rail 2, elastically pressing the rail leg 21 of the basic rail 2 against the pad assembly 1. Therefore, the force of the entire clamping system forms a self-balancing force within the slide table 3, eliminating the need for additional support structures. This reconstructs the force transmission path of the elastic clamping system on the working side of the basic rail 2 in the switching area, enabling long-term maintenance of stable clamping force and longitudinal resistance.

[0057] Figure 8 Schematic illustration Figure 5 The front view. Figure 9 Schematic illustration Figure 6 The front view. Figure 10 Schematic illustration Figure 7 The front view.

[0058] like Figures 8-10 As shown, the first connecting assembly 5 includes a first bolt 51 and a first nut. The bolt 51 passes through the first connecting portion 421 and the second connecting portion 411 and is threadedly engaged with the first nut. At least a portion of the upper surface of the upper spring bar 42 forms a support surface 420 that abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove 31. A first transition portion 422 is provided between the first connecting portion 421 and the first abutting portion 423. The first transition portion 422 is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly 1 from the first connecting portion 421 to the first abutting portion 423. The upper surface of the first abutting portion 423 is parallel to the top wall of the receiving groove 31 to form the support surface 420. A second transition portion 412 is provided between the second connecting portion 411 and the second abutting portion 413. The second transition portion 412 is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly 1 from the second connecting portion 411 to the second abutting portion 413. The angle between the second transition portion 412 and the first transition portion 422 is greater than zero and less than 45 degrees.

[0059] In some exemplary embodiments, the first connecting component 5 clamps the upper spring bar 42 and the lower spring bar 41, but does not lock it to the pad assembly 1. The pad assembly 1 has a clearance hole, and the first nut 52 is placed inside this clearance hole. A gap is maintained between the inner wall of the clearance hole and the side wall of the first nut 52. The clearance hole does not restrict the displacement of the first bolt 51 and the first nut 52 as the first spring bar 4 deforms. The clearance hole on the pad assembly 1 can also play a preliminary positioning role for the first nut 52, reducing the difficulty of alignment during on-site assembly.

[0060] In some exemplary embodiments, when the first nut 52 is tightened, the bolt head of the first bolt 51 presses downward against the first connecting portion 421, and the first nut 52 pushes upward against the second connecting portion 411. The bolt head and nut form a bidirectional clamping force, simultaneously clamping the first connecting portion 421 and the second connecting portion 411. The clamping force drives the first abutment portion 423 to press upward against the top wall of the receiving groove 31, and the top wall of the slide table 3 provides a downward counter-supporting force to the upper elastic bar 42. Simultaneously, the second abutment portion 413 presses downward against the rail leg 21 of the basic rail 2, and the rail leg 21 provides an upward counter-force. The slide table 3 provides unilateral support and constraint to the upper elastic bar 42, and the bottom wall of the receiving groove 31 does not bear the downward pressure load of the lower elastic bar 41.

[0061] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 8On-site assembly and disassembly can be performed using socket tools, eliminating the need for custom-made special fixtures. The first connecting part 421 of the upper spring bar 42 and the second connecting part 411 of the lower spring bar 41 have coaxially arranged through holes 43. The first bolt 51 passes through both through holes 43 from top to bottom. An assembly gap is provided between the bolt shank and the inner wall of the through hole 43, simplifying assembly alignment and increasing the tolerance for errors during on-site assembly. Rotating the first nut 52 changes the clamping distance, adjusting the bending deformation of the upper spring bar 42 and the lower spring bar 41, thereby adjusting the initial clamping force value of the device.

[0062] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 9 The first transition section 422 of the upper elastic bar 42 is a gently sloping section with a smooth, rounded transition, connecting the horizontal first connecting section 421 and the first abutting section 423. There are no sharp edges at the bend, which can reduce stress concentration. After locking, the first transition section 422 undergoes elastic bending, continuously providing upward pushing force.

[0063] Reference Figure 7 , Figure 8 The second transition section 412 of the lower elastic bar 41 also rises smoothly and extends to the second abutment section 413. Both the first transition section 422 and the second transition section 412 are inclined upwards, forming an acute angle between them with their openings facing the base rail 2. In the stable assembly state after the bolts are pre-tightened, this acute angle is maintained in the range of 10°-45°. During the assembly process, as the first bolt 51 is continuously tightened, the angle between the two sets of transition sections will gradually narrow from the initial larger angle to this range, ensuring that the load is smoothly transmitted along the transition section and that there is no concentrated high-stress area at the bending position of the first elastic bar 4.

[0064] In some exemplary embodiments, the support surface 420 is formed on the top surface of the first abutment portion 423 of the upper elastic bar 42, and its area is adapted to the internal space size of the receiving groove 31. It forms a surface contact with the top of the receiving groove 31 to bear load and meet the stress dispersion requirements. The overlapping and fitting areas of the first connecting portion 421 and the second connecting portion 411 maintain planar contact within the corresponding range of bolt tightening, without expanding the fitting area. This avoids excessively large fitting range constraining the elastic deformation of the upper elastic bar 42 and affecting the applied force state.

[0065] According to the above embodiments of this application, bolts and nuts are used as fastening components, and sleeves can be used to complete the assembly and disassembly operations. No customized matching tooling is required on site, simplifying the on-site operation process. The upper spring bar 42 is provided with a support plane parallel to the top wall of the receiving groove 31, replacing the linear support structure, expanding the contact area between the upper spring bar 42 and the slide table 3, so that the load can be evenly distributed, reducing the wear of the inner wall of the slide table 3 and the fatigue cracking of the spring bar. The transition section is arranged at an inclination, and the lever arm and force direction of the first spring bar 4 are adjusted by the inclination angle to optimize the load transfer path. The included angle between the first transition section 422 and the second transition section 412 is controlled to be an acute angle less than or equal to 45 degrees, so that the load transfer process turns smoothly, reducing local stress concentration, extending the service life of the structure, and maintaining the clamping effect for a long time.

[0066] According to an embodiment of this application, the length of the lower elastic bar 41 in the extending direction is set to 2 to 4 times the length of the upper elastic bar 42 in the extending direction.

[0067] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 5 , Figure 8 As shown, the lateral extension length of the lower elastic bar 41 is significantly greater than that of the upper elastic bar 42. The second abutment part 413 of the lower elastic bar 41 can extend from the receiving groove 31 and directly rest on the rail leg 21 of the basic rail. Setting the length ratio to 2 to 4 times results in different effective cantilever lengths, which can balance the structural stiffness and the clamping coverage. When the ratio is too small, the cantilever length of the lower elastic bar 41 is insufficient, the clamping coverage is limited, the elastic deformation is small, and the clamping force adjustment space is limited. When the ratio is too large, the cantilever length of the lower elastic bar 41 is too long, the vertical stiffness decreases, and the deformation under heavy load impact is likely to exceed the reasonable range, which is not conducive to the stability of the clamping state.

[0068] According to the above embodiments of this application, the length of the lower elastic bar 41 is set to be 2 to 4 times that of the upper elastic bar 42. The end of the lower elastic bar 41 can extend to the outside of the receiving groove 31 and fit against the rail leg 21, so that the load is evenly applied to the surface of the rail leg 21. The length ratio of 2 to 4 times forms a suitable lever arm ratio, the deformation of the lower elastic bar 41 is gradual, the fluctuation of the clamping value is small when the train load fluctuates, and the two problems of limited adjustment range caused by too short lever arm and permanent deformation caused by too long cantilever arm are avoided, which is compatible with the rail leg 21 specifications of the standard basic rail 2 on the market.

[0069] Figure 11 The schematic diagram shows a simplified representation of the bending moment distribution of a portion of the first elastic bar in its operational state.

[0070] like Figure 11 As shown, the thickness of the lower elastic bar 41 in the vertical direction gradually increases from the end of the second abutment portion 413 away from the second connecting portion 411 along the length direction of the lower elastic bar 41 toward the second connecting portion 411.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 11 As shown, the lower elastic bar 41 is in a cantilevered state, with the second connecting part 411 being the constrained end of the cantilever and the second abutting part 413 being the free end. The bending moment value of the cross section gradually increases from the second abutting part 413 to the second connecting part 411. Corresponding to the above bending moment change law, the cross-sectional thickness of the lower elastic bar 41 changes continuously and gradually along the length direction, gradually thickening from the second abutting part 413 to the second connecting part 411; the thickness change is smooth throughout, without any right-angle step structure with abrupt thickness changes, avoiding additional stress concentration at the abrupt thickness change location. It should be noted that there is a bending inflection point between the second abutting part 413 and the second transition part 412. This inflection point is the angle change of the structural bending, and the thickness at the corresponding position still maintains a continuous transition without any abrupt thickness changes.

[0072] In some exemplary embodiments, the free end of the second abutment portion 413 has a smaller thickness, which allows the end to better adapt to the small tilt angle and running vibration displacement of the rail limb 21 surface and maintain a surface contact and pressing state; the thickness is greater near the second connection portion 411, which makes the structure more resistant to bending and can withstand higher bending moment loads, reducing the risk of breakage at the restraint end position.

[0073] In some exemplary embodiments, the upper elastic bar 42 is also in a cantilevered state, with the first connecting part 421 as the constrained end and the first abutting part 423 as the free end. The bending moment gradually increases from the first abutting part 423 to the first connecting part 421. Due to its relatively short length, the overall bending moment variation of the upper elastic bar 42 is small. A structure of uniform thickness can be used to meet the requirements for bending resistance and force application. Alternatively, the thickness can be slightly adjusted according to the internal space of the receiving groove 31 to adapt to assembly and force requirements. The supporting surface 420 of the upper elastic bar 42 remains flat, ensuring close contact with the top wall of the receiving groove 31. The constrained end is clamped and fixed by the first bolt 51, resulting in a stable overall force state.

[0074] According to the above embodiments of this application, a gradually varying thickness structure is designed with reference to the bending moment change of the lower elastic bar 41. This makes the connection end less prone to breakage when subjected to large bending moments, improving the load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance without increasing its own weight. The thickness of the abutment end is relatively small, which can adapt to the slight tilt angle and vibration displacement of the rail limb 21 and maintain a complete fit.

[0075] Figure 12 Schematic illustration Figure 2 The front view. Figure 13 Schematic illustration Figure 4 The front view. Figure 14 Schematic illustration Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main pad, slide table, and support components is shown. Figure 15 Schematic illustration Figure 14 The front view. Figure 16 Schematic illustration Figure 15 The left view.

[0076] like Figures 12-16 As shown, the slide plate device for turnouts also includes a support member 6. The support member 6 is disposed in the receiving groove 31, located below the second abutment portion 413.

[0077] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 14 , Figure 16 The support member 6 is a long block-shaped component extending longitudinally along the turnout. Its cross-section in the transverse direction is, for example, triangular. It is made of wear-resistant cast steel and is arranged below the second abutment part 413. The support member 6 is placed on the top surface of the pad assembly 1 at the bottom of the receiving groove 31. The top surface of the pad assembly 1 serves as the bottom wall of the receiving groove 31 and provides vertical support for the support member 6. Furthermore, the support member 6 is stably installed on the bottom wall of the receiving groove 31, for example, by welding. This constrains the support member 6 in the vertical, transverse, and longitudinal positions, making it less prone to vertical jumping or shifting under long-term train vibration conditions.

[0078] In some exemplary embodiments, after the first connecting component 5 is pre-tightened, the top surface of the support member 6 and the lower surface of the second abutment portion 413 are arranged opposite each other, with a predetermined gap between them. When the lower elastic bar 41 is subjected to a vertical load and undergoes downward elastic deformation, and the deformation reaches the value of the aforementioned gap, the lower surface of the second abutment portion 413 comes into contact with the top surface of the support member 6, and the support member 6 forms a vertical block on the lower elastic bar 41, thereby limiting the lower elastic bar 41 from continuing to deform downward and preventing the lower elastic bar 41 from undergoing irreversible plastic bending due to excessive deformation.

[0079] In some exemplary embodiments, when it is necessary to adjust the initial preload of the device or adapt to the basic rail 2 with different height specifications, the operator can replace the support member 6 with a different thickness. When a support member 6 with a greater vertical thickness is selected, after the first connecting component 5 is preloaded, the top surface of the support member 6 can directly press against the lower surface of the second abutment part 413, thereby changing the initial pre-deformation degree of the lower elastic bar 41; by adjusting the thickness of the support member 6, it is possible to adapt to the basic rail 2 with different rail heights without replacing the main body structure of the first elastic bar 4.

[0080] According to the above embodiments of this application, a support member 6 is installed on the lower side of the second abutment portion 413 to limit the downward deformation limit of the lower elastic bar 41 and prevent the lower elastic bar 41 from irreversibly bending after being subjected to heavy load impact. By replacing the support member 6 with one of different thicknesses, the starting position of the downward deformation limit of the lower elastic bar 41 can be adjusted to adapt to the deformation limitation requirements under different pre-tensioning conditions. It can adapt to rail members 21 of different heights without replacing the main body structure of the first elastic bar 4, reducing on-site spare parts reserves and modification expenses.

[0081] According to the embodiments of this application, both ends of the slide table 3 are provided with openings 32 that extend vertically and connect to the receiving groove 31.

[0082] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 14 The top wall of the slide table 3 has two openings 32, which are rectangular in shape, for example. The two openings 32 are arranged laterally, corresponding to the two ends of the receiving groove 31. The size of the openings 32 is large enough to allow the first elastic bar 4 to be pulled out smoothly. Of the two openings 32, the opening 32 on the side away from the base rail 2 is used to avoid the first connecting assembly 5 and serves as the operating port for the disassembly and assembly of the first elastic bar 4. The opening 32 on the side closer to the base rail 2 is convenient for the operator to adjust the position so that the second abutment part 413 of the lower elastic bar 41 extends accurately above the rail leg 21.

[0083] In some exemplary embodiments, both openings 32 are connected to the transversely extending receiving groove 31, forming a channel for the installation and removal of the first spring clip 4. When replacing the first spring clip 4 on-site, the operator can directly pull out the original first spring clip 4 laterally from the opening 32 on the side away from the base rail 2 and push the new first spring clip 4 laterally in, without lifting the base rail 2 or disassembling the upper structure of the slide table 3, making the operation convenient. At the same time, the connecting openings 32 can promote air circulation inside the receiving groove 31, expelling accumulated dust and water from the groove.

[0084] According to the above embodiments of this application, vertical through openings 32 are opened at both ends of the slide table 3 in the horizontal direction, so that the staff can take out and put in the first spring bar 4 from the side without lifting the basic rail 2 and removing the support structure of the switch rail 110, thus reducing the time spent on on-site maintenance.

[0085] According to an embodiment of this application, a first recess 33 is formed inward at one end of the slide table 3 near the basic rail 2. The first recess 33 extends longitudinally, and the inclination angle of the top wall of the first recess 33 is greater than the inclination angle of the edge of the upper surface of the rail limb 21.

[0086] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 16The first recess 33 is formed on the side of the slide table 3 facing the main rail 2, and extends vertically and is continuously arranged along the longitudinal length of the turnout. The top wall of the first recess 33 is an inclined surface, and the inclination direction is consistent with the inclination direction of the upper surface of the rail limb 21. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the top wall of the first recess 33 is greater than the inclination angle of the edge of the upper surface of the rail limb 21. When the first elastic clip 4 is in the clamping state, there is a gap between the top wall of the first recess 33 and the upper surface of the rail limb 21, providing clearance space for the rail limb 21 and avoiding contact friction and impact. When the first elastic clip 4 fails to clamp and the main rail 2 undergoes upward displacement, the top wall of the first recess 33 can contact the upper surface of the rail limb 21, preventing the main rail 2 from continuing to move upward, limiting the lifting range of the main rail 2, and playing a role in preventing detachment and limiting the movement.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, the inner vertical wall of the first recess 33 is located on the side of the base rail 2 near the switch rail 110. This wall can prevent the base rail 2 from shifting laterally toward the switch rail 110, constrain the lateral inward displacement of the base rail 2, avoid excessive reduction of the track gauge, and help maintain the track gauge accuracy of the line.

[0088] According to the above embodiments of this application, a first recess 33 is provided on the side of the slide table 3 facing the main rail 2. The top wall of the first recess 33 is designed to be inclined at a larger angle in the same direction as the rail limb 21 to avoid the normal movement of the main rail 2 and to limit the upward lifting range of the main rail 2 in the event of failure of the first elastic clip 4, thereby improving the safety of track operation. The inner wall of the first recess 33 can limit the lateral displacement of the main rail 2 in the direction of the switch rail 110, control the range of gauge reduction, and ensure the accuracy of track gauge and the smoothness of train operation.

[0089] According to an embodiment of this application, the pad assembly 1 includes a base layer 12, a main pad layer 11, and a pad layer 13. The base layer 12 is disposed on the sleeper. The main pad layer 11 is disposed on the base layer 12, and a slide table 3 is integrally formed on the main pad layer 11. The top surface of the main pad layer 11 forms the bottom wall of a receiving groove 31. The pad layer 13 is disposed between the main pad layer 11 and the base rail 2. A second recess 34 is formed inwardly at the bottom of the slide table 3 at the end closest to the base rail 2.

[0090] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1As shown, the pad assembly 1 adopts a three-layer composite structure, with each layer having distinct functions and materials. The base layer 12, for example, is a high-strength steel plate, directly attached to the top surface of the sleeper to distribute the concentrated load from the upper part, preventing local crushing of the sleeper, and simultaneously improving the overall planar stiffness of the pad assembly 1 to prevent warping deformation. The main pad layer 11, for example, is made of cast steel. The slide table 3 and the main pad layer 11 are integrally cast, forming a continuous integral structure that ensures the continuity of force transmission and structural integrity. The upper surface of the main pad layer 11 also forms the bottom wall of the receiving groove 31, providing an installation reference surface for the first elastic bar 4 and the support member 6. The pad layer 13, for example, is made of an elastic wear-resistant material and is laid between the main pad layer 11 and the bottom of the base rail 2.

[0091] According to the above embodiments of this application, the pad assembly 1 is divided into a three-layer structure: a base layer 12, a main pad layer 11, and a pad layer 13. The base layer 12 is laid on the surface of the sleeper to improve the flatness of the contact plane. The main pad layer 11 is integrally formed with the slide table 3. The pad layer 13 can buffer wheel-rail impact vibration and reduce noise. At the same time, by replacing the pad layer 13 with different thicknesses, the rail surface elevation of the basic rail 2 can be adjusted.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1 , Figure 16 The second recess 34 is located on the lower part of the slide platform 3 near the main rail 2. The second recess 34 is below the first recess 33 and is vertically connected to the first recess 33. The second recess 34 is further recessed into the interior of the slide platform 3 and extends longitudinally along the turnout. The second recess 34 forms an inwardly extending operating space at the lower part of the slide platform 3, which facilitates the replacement of the pad layer 13 on the pad assembly 1 by the staff. It also facilitates the adjustment of the vertical elevation of the main rail 2 by replacing the pad layer 13 with different thicknesses, adapting to different track laying conditions.

[0093] According to the above embodiments of this application, the second recess 34 facilitates the replacement of the padding layer 13. Furthermore, the second recess 34 can avoid the rail base structure of the basic rail 2, preventing assembly interference. Simultaneously, the second recess 34 can reduce the amount of component material used, lowering processing weight and manufacturing costs.

[0094] According to an embodiment of this application, the portion of the main pad layer 11 located in the receiving groove 31 is recessed downwards.

[0095] In some exemplary embodiments, the area of ​​the main pad layer 11 located below the receiving groove 31 is recessed downward to expand the vertical internal space of the receiving groove 31, providing room for the assembly and elastic deformation of the first elastic bar 4. At the same time, the recessed structure can reduce the amount of material used and reduce the weight of the component.

[0096] According to the above embodiments of this application, the main pad layer 11 is recessed downward in the area corresponding to the receiving groove 31, increasing the vertical space inside the groove. The first elastic bar 4 will not touch the top surface of the main pad layer 11 during the bending process, and the pressing action is not affected by friction.

[0097] According to the embodiments of this application, both the upper spring bar 42 and the lower spring bar 41 have through holes 43 in the vertical direction. The through holes 43 also extend in the length direction of the upper spring bar 42 or the lower spring bar 41. That is to say, both the upper spring bar 42 and the lower spring bar 41 have through holes 43 in the vertical direction. The through holes 43 extend along the length direction of the corresponding spring bar to reduce the weight of the first spring bar 4.

[0098] According to an embodiment of this application, the slide plate device for a turnout further includes a mounting base 8, a second elastic bar 9, a third connecting assembly 10, and an adjusting block 100. The mounting base 8 is disposed on the main pad layer 11 and located on the non-working side of the main rail 2. The third connecting assembly 10 mounts the second elastic bar 9 to the mounting base 8, for example, as a bolt assembly. The adjusting block 100 has an L-shaped transverse cross-section, with one side wall embedded in the gap between the mounting base 8 and the end face of the pad layer 13, and the other side wall pressed against the upper side of the non-working end of the main rail 2 by the second elastic bar 9.

[0099] According to the above embodiments of this application, the working side of the basic rail 2 is clamped by the first elastic bar 4, while the non-working side is clamped by the second elastic bar 9 via the adjusting block 100. The two sides work together to form a bidirectional clamp, jointly restricting the lateral movement and vertical lifting of the basic rail 2, thus improving the overall stability of the clamping system. By replacing the adjusting block 100 with different thicknesses, basic rails 2 of different specifications can be adapted to cooperate with the first elastic bar 4 on the working side, meeting the clamping requirements of the basic rail 2 under different track parameters, ensuring the track gauge accuracy and the reliability of the clamping structure.

[0100] This application also provides a turnout, including a pair of main rails 2, a pair of switch rails 110, multiple pairs of slide plate assemblies suitable for the turnout, and a switch machine. The pair of main rails 2 extend longitudinally and are arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction. The pair of switch rails 110 extend longitudinally and are respectively located on the working side of the corresponding main rail 2, arranged adjacent to the corresponding main rail 2 in the transverse direction. The multiple pairs of slide plate assemblies suitable for the turnout are distributed at longitudinal intervals. The pair of main rails 2 are mounted on multiple pairs of base plate assemblies 1, the pair of switch rails 110 are slidably mounted on multiple pairs of slide plates 3, and the switch machine is configured to drive the pair of switch rails 110 to synchronously reciprocate in the transverse direction to switch the turnout's operating direction.

[0101] In some exemplary embodiments, reference is made to Figure 1As shown, the left and right main rails 2 of the turnout are arranged symmetrically. Each main rail 2 is equipped with a set of slide plate devices. Multiple sets of slide plate devices are evenly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the turnout at the designed intervals, forming multi-point continuous clamping and support for the main rails 2. The bottom of the switch rail 110 is in direct contact with the top surface of the slide plate 3. The switch machine connects the two switch rails 110 through the transmission rod and outputs lateral driving force, which drives the two switch rails 110 to move laterally synchronously, so that one switch rail 110 is in close contact with the corresponding side of the main rail 2, and the other switch rail 110 is disengaged from the corresponding side of the main rail 2, thereby realizing the switching of the turnout line opening direction.

[0102] According to the above embodiments of this application, multiple slide plates 3 provide vertical support and lateral sliding support for the switch rail 110, while multiple first elastic bars 4 form a longitudinal multi-point continuous clamping constraint on the corresponding side of the base rail 2. During long-term operation, the lateral displacement and vertical lifting of the base rail 2 are stably limited, and the longitudinal resistance of the fasteners decreases slightly, effectively reducing the frequency of track faults. Therefore, the slide plate device and turnout provided by this application can stably meet the performance requirements of clamping force and longitudinal resistance of the fasteners on the base rail 2 of heavy-load and high-frequency lines for a long period of time. Furthermore, the first connecting component 5 is easy to disassemble, and the top wall of the slide plate 3 has an opening 32 for easy installation or replacement of the first elastic bars 4.

[0103] In some exemplary embodiments, the overall length and mounting hole positions of the slide table 3 are consistent with the existing slide table, and the overall external dimensions of the slide plate device match the existing slide plate. It can be directly replaced and put into use without modifying the existing wiring foundation, resulting in low modification costs. The slide table 3 does not require additional machining of special mounting structures such as pin slots and positioning holes. Its simple and regular configuration can reduce casting and machining processes, improve production yield, and reduce mass production costs.

[0104] The embodiments of this application have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A slide plate device suitable for turnouts, characterized in that, include: The pad assembly, set on the sleeper, is configured to support the base rail; The slide table, integrally protruding vertically upward from the pad assembly on the working side of the base rail and configured to slidably support the tip rail, has a receiving groove extending laterally through the slide table; The first spring bar, located in the receiving groove, includes a lower spring bar and an upper spring bar located above the lower spring bar. The upper spring bar includes a first connecting portion away from the basic rail and a first abutting portion opposite to the first connecting portion. The lower spring bar includes a second connecting portion away from the basic rail and a second abutting portion opposite to the second connecting portion. as well as A first connecting assembly is configured to connect the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, such that the first abutting portion elastically abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove, while the second abutting portion elastically abuts the rail leg of the base rail against the pad assembly.

2. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first connecting assembly includes a first bolt and a first nut, wherein the bolt thread passes through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion and is threadedly engaged with the first nut; At least a portion of the upper surface of the upper spring bar forms a support surface that abuts against the top wall of the receiving groove.

3. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first transition portion is provided between the first connecting portion and the first abutting portion, and the first transition portion is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly from the first connecting portion to the first abutting portion; The upper surface of the first abutment portion is parallel to the top wall of the receiving groove to form the support surface.

4. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second transition portion is provided between the second connecting portion and the second abutting portion, and the second transition portion is inclined upward relative to the pad assembly from the second connecting portion to the second abutting portion; The angle between the second transition portion and the first transition portion is greater than zero and less than 45 degrees.

5. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the lower elastic bar in the extension direction is set to be 2 to 4 times the length of the upper elastic bar in the extension direction.

6. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the lower elastic bar in the vertical direction gradually increases from the end of the second abutment portion away from the second connecting portion along the extension direction of the lower elastic bar toward the second connecting portion.

7. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A support member is disposed in the receiving groove, located below the second abutment portion.

8. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the slide table are provided with vertically extending openings that connect to the receiving groove.

9. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide table has a first recess formed inward at one end near the base rail. The first recess extends longitudinally, and the inclination angle of the top wall of the first recess is greater than the inclination angle of the edge of the upper surface of the rail leg.

10. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pad assembly includes: The base layer is installed on the sleepers; A main pad layer is disposed on the base layer, the slide table is integrally formed on the main pad layer, and the top surface of the main pad layer forms the bottom wall of the receiving groove; and A pad layer is disposed between the main pad layer and the base rail.

11. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 10, characterized in that, The bottom of the slide table near the base rail forms a second indentation.

12. The slide plate device for turnouts according to claim 10, characterized in that, The portion of the main pad layer located in the receiving groove is recessed downwards.

13. A turnout, characterized in that, include: A pair of basic rails, both extending longitudinally and arranged symmetrically in the transverse direction; A pair of switch rails, both extending longitudinally and respectively located on the working side of the corresponding base rail, are arranged adjacent to the corresponding base rail in the transverse direction. Multiple pairs of slide plate devices suitable for turnouts according to any one of claims 1 to 12 are distributed longitudinally at intervals; and switch machine; In this configuration, a pair of the base rails are disposed on multiple pairs of the pad assemblies, a pair of the switch rails are slidably disposed on multiple pairs of the slide tables, and the switch machine is configured to drive a pair of the switch rails to slide synchronously in a lateral reciprocating motion to switch the turnout opening direction.

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