A milling head, a milling machine and a working machine

Abstract

The application discloses a milling head, a milling and excavating machine and engineering machinery, and the milling head comprises a cutter hub connected with a main shaft, wherein the cutter hub comprises an upper cutter hub in a cylindrical shape and a lower cutter hub in a conical shape arranged at one end of the upper cutter hub; a plurality of large teeth for crushing material on a working surface are arranged on the lower cutter hub; a plurality of small teeth for trimming the working surface are arranged on the upper cutter hub; and the cutting diameter of the small teeth is greater than that of the large teeth. The application realizes milling and excavating of a cement pavement around a manhole cover, and improves the flatness of a milling and excavating surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering machinery technology, specifically relating to a milling head, a milling machine, and engineering machinery. Background Technology

[0002] Rotary milling of the road surface around a manhole cover is a process aimed at breaking the material around the manhole cover to form a circular pit, thereby facilitating the repair or replacement of the manhole cover. However, the road structure varies from place to place. Some roads are constructed with cement filling the area around the manhole cover. For cement roads, ordinary manhole cover milling devices used for breaking asphalt materials cannot be used.

[0003] In contrast, the milling cutter teeth and cutter holders of the manhole cover used for crushing cement materials are too large and the number of them is too small. The flatness of the working surface after operation is poor and cannot meet the requirements of municipal engineering and other projects for the flatness of the working surface.

[0004] The existing technology also has the following drawbacks:

[0005] Milling operations for manhole covers require a relatively deep working depth, but traditional vertical milling machine cutters have blind spots, which limits the working depth.

[0006] Compared to traditional vertical milling, manhole cover milling requires the machine to revolve around the manhole cover, which increases the duration of radial force exposure and thus the requirements for the machine's ability to withstand radial force.

[0007] Traditional vertical milling machines typically have large milling head diameters to withstand greater radial forces. When used in manhole cover repair operations, this results in excessive cutting of material around the manhole cover, leading to material waste during repairs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a milling head, a milling machine, and engineering machinery, which enables milling of cement pavement around manhole covers and improves the flatness of the milling surface.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] In a first aspect, a milling head is provided, comprising: a cutter hub connected to a spindle drive, the cutter hub including an upper cutter hub in the shape of a cylinder and a lower cutter hub in the shape of a cone disposed at one end of the upper cutter hub; a plurality of large teeth mounted on the lower cutter hub for crushing materials on the working surface; and a plurality of small teeth mounted on the upper cutter hub for trimming the working surface; wherein the cutting diameter of the small teeth is greater than the cutting diameter of the large teeth.

[0011] Furthermore, the diameter of the upper tool hub is larger than the diameter of the lower tool hub.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of small teeth is greater than the number of large teeth.

[0013] In a second aspect, a milling machine is provided, comprising: a motor; a main shaft drivenly connected to the output end of the motor; and the milling head described in the first aspect, wherein the milling head is drivenly connected to the main shaft via a flat key.

[0014] Furthermore, the spindle includes a working section for mounting the milling head and a transmission section for mounting the bearing housing; one end of the transmission section is connected to the output end of the motor via an internal spline and engages with a fastening nut via an external thread, and the other end of the transmission section is provided with a boss; a second bearing, a spacer, and a first bearing are sequentially installed between the fastening nut and the boss.

[0015] Furthermore, the cutting diameter of the small tooth is larger than the diameter of the bearing housing.

[0016] Furthermore, the first bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing used to withstand radial force; the second bearing is an angular contact ball bearing used to withstand axial force.

[0017] Furthermore, the milling depth of the milling machine = large tooth milling depth + small tooth milling depth + bearing seat depth.

[0018] Furthermore, the motor is mounted on the bearing housing via a motor mounting plate.

[0019] Thirdly, a type of construction machinery is provided, which is equipped with the milling machine described in the second aspect.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) The present invention uses a cutter hub connected to the main shaft drive. The cutter hub includes an upper cutter hub in the shape of a cylinder and a lower cutter hub in the shape of a cone at one end of the upper cutter hub; several large teeth are installed on the lower cutter hub for crushing the material on the working surface; several small teeth are installed on the upper cutter hub for trimming the working surface; the cutting diameter of the small teeth is larger than that of the large teeth, which realizes the milling of the cement road surface around the manhole cover and improves the flatness of the milling working surface.

[0022] (2) The milling head bearing and spindle of the present invention can withstand the reaction force generated by milling cement. At the same time, the milling section and the transmission section are separated, so the diameter of the milling head is small. The end face of the milling head is a large tooth and a large tooth seat that can mill cement materials, and the cylindrical surface of the milling head is a small tooth and a small tooth seat for fine repair. It can realize the end milling of hard materials such as cement, and then the cylindrical surface small cutter teeth are used to fine repair the working surface, realizing the operation capability of crushing and fine repair, thereby saving repair materials.

[0023] (3) The milling head and spindle of the present invention use a flat key or spline to transmit torque, and the torque transmission does not rely on the expansion sleeve, thus improving reliability;

[0024] (4) The milling head of the present invention has cutting teeth arranged at the center of the end face, which eliminates the blind spot in operation and makes the working depth of the milling head not limited by the structure of the milling head, thus meeting the depth requirements of the milling of manhole cover. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a milling machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Longitudinal cross-section;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a milling head provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the end face of the milling head;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the blade hub structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main shaft structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the milling depth in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Motor; 2. Bearing housing; 3. Spindle; 31. External thread; 32. Boss; 33. Flat key; 34. Internal spline; 4. Milling head; 41. Small gear seat; 42. Small gear; 43. Tool hub; 431. Upper tool hub; 432. Lower tool hub; 44. Large gear seat; 45. Large gear; 5. Bearing 1; 6. Bearing 2; 7. Motor mounting plate; 8. Spacer; 9. Fastening nut. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] like Figures 2-6 As shown, a milling head includes: a cutter hub 43 that is drivenly connected to a spindle 3; the cutter hub 43 includes an upper cutter hub 431 that is cylindrical and a lower cutter hub 432 that is conical and disposed at one end of the upper cutter hub 431; a plurality of large teeth 45 mounted on the lower cutter hub 432 for crushing materials on the working surface; and a plurality of small teeth 42 mounted on the upper cutter hub 431 for trimming the working surface; the cutting diameter of the small teeth 42 is larger than the cutting diameter of the large teeth 45.

[0036] The diameter of the upper cutter hub 431 is larger than the diameter of the lower cutter hub 432. Small teeth 42 are mounted on the upper cutter hub 431 via small tooth holders 41; large teeth 45 are mounted on the lower cutter hub 432 via large tooth holders 44; the number of small teeth 42 is greater than the number of large teeth 45. This invention enables milling of cement pavement around manhole covers and improves the smoothness of the milling surface.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] Based on the milling head described in Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a milling machine, such as... Figures 1-7 As shown, it includes: a motor 1, a main shaft 3 that is drivenly connected to the output end of the motor 1, and a milling head 4 as described in Embodiment 1. The milling head 4 is drivenly connected to the main shaft 3 via a flat key 33.

[0039] Motor 1 can be a hydraulic motor or an electric motor, etc. Motor 1 is fixed on motor mounting plate 7, motor mounting plate 7 is fixed on bearing seat 2, and the external spline of the output shaft of motor 1 is engaged with the internal spline 34 of the transmission section of main shaft 3.

[0040] The milling head 4 is installed below the bearing housing 2, and the diameter of the bearing housing 2 is smaller than the milling diameter of the milling head 4.

[0041] Bearing 5 is a cylindrical roller bearing, mainly used to bear radial forces; bearing 6 is an angular contact ball bearing, mainly used to bear axial forces. Bearings 5 ​​and 6 are mounted in bearing housing 2. Figure 2 The indicated direction is the standard direction. Bearing 5 is located at the lower part of bearing housing 2, and bearing 6, consisting of two angular contact ball bearings, is located at the upper part of bearing housing 2. The outer rings of bearings 5 ​​and 6 mate with bearing housing 2. The spindle 3 is mounted on bearings 5 ​​and 6, and mates with the inner rings of bearings 5 ​​and 6. When the milling head 4 rotates to cut the material, it is subjected to both radial and axial forces. Bearing 5, a cylindrical roller bearing, only bears the radial force, while bearings 6, paired angular contact ball bearings, bear both axial and radial forces.

[0042] The upper center of the spindle 3 has an internal spline 34 and an external thread 31. The lower part of the spindle 3 has a flat key 33. The internal spline 34 is matched with the output end of the motor 1, and the flat key 33 is matched with the milling head 4. The lower part of the spindle 3 has a boss 32, which is matched with the inner ring of the bearing 5. The spindle 3 fixes the bearing 5 and the bearing 6 on the lower boss 32 of the spindle 3 by fastening the nut 9 and matching the external thread 31.

[0043] Spacer 8 is installed between bearing 5 and bearing 6, and together with fastening nut 9, it fixes bearing 5 and bearing 6 on spindle 3.

[0044] The milling diameter of the milling head 4 is slightly larger than the diameter of the bearing seat 2. The small tooth 42 is installed on the small tooth seat 41, and the large tooth 45 is installed on the large tooth seat 44. The small tooth seat 41 and the large tooth seat 44 are welded to the cutter hub 43.

[0045] The cutter hub 43 includes an upper cutter hub 431 and a lower cutter hub 432. The upper cutter hub 431 is cylindrical with two grooves on one side of the cylindrical end and bolt mounting holes. The lower cutter hub 432 is conical with a diameter smaller than that of the upper cutter hub 431. The cutting diameter formed by the small tooth 42 after installation is slightly larger than that formed by the large tooth 45. On a milling head 4, the number of small tooth seats 41 and small teeth 42 is greater than the number of large tooth seats 44 and large teeth 45. Because the diameter of the lower cutter hub 432 is smaller than that of the upper cutter hub 431, although the large tooth seats 44 and large teeth 45 are larger than the small tooth seats 41 and small teeth 42, after welding and installation, it can still be ensured that the cutting diameter formed by the small tooth 42 is slightly larger than that formed by the large tooth 45. Furthermore, the number of small tooth seats 41 and small teeth 42 is greater than the number of large tooth seats 44 and large teeth 45, making the cutting spacing of the small tooth 42 smaller than that of the large tooth 45, allowing the small tooth to mill a smoother working surface.

[0046] The milling head 4 is positioned below the bearing housing 2. This allows the spindle 3, bearing 5, and bearing 6 to meet the stress requirements of the working conditions, while also allowing the milling head 4 to reduce its cutting diameter without being restricted by the bearing housing 2. Theoretically, the milling depth of the milling head is equal to the height of the milling head 4. However, considering the actual working depth requirements, the designed cutting diameter of the milling head 4 should be slightly larger than the diameter of the bearing housing 2. Although no cutter holder or cutting teeth are arranged at the bearing housing 2, the milling depth of the milling head can still be increased by relying on a fixed operating method. Theoretically, the increased depth is the height h3 of the portion of the bearing housing 2 whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the milling head 4. Figure 7 As shown, the arrangement height of the large tooth 45 is defined as the large tooth milling depth h1, the arrangement height of the small tooth 42 is defined as the small tooth milling depth h2, and the height of the part of the bearing seat 2 where no cutter head and cutter teeth are arranged and whose diameter is smaller than the cutting diameter of the milling head 4 is defined as the bearing seat depth h3. Therefore, the maximum milling depth of the milling head is the sum of the three depths, that is, the milling depth h of the milling machine = large tooth milling depth h1 + small tooth milling depth h2 + bearing seat depth h3.

[0047] When the manhole cover is milled, the motor 1 outputs torque to drive the spindle 3 to rotate through the internal spline 34. The spindle 3 drives the milling head 4 to rotate through the flat key 33. The milling head 4 rotates to cut the material.

[0048] The fixed operating mode is as follows: When the milling head 4 cuts the material, the large tooth 45 preferentially cuts the broken material vertically downwards, and the large tooth seat 44 can withstand a large reaction force, such as... Figure 4As shown, large teeth 45 are evenly arranged on the lower end face of the milling head 4 (at the blind zone M), so that the milling head 4 is not restricted by the blind zone M when it descends vertically. After descending to a certain depth (the maximum depth in a single operation does not exceed the arrangement height of the large teeth 45), it begins to move in a circular motion around the manhole cover. After one circular motion, the milling head 4 begins to cut the crushed material vertically downward for the second time. At this time, the small teeth 42 begin to cut the material. Since the cutting diameter formed by the small teeth 42 after installation is slightly larger than the cutting diameter formed by the large teeth 45, the small teeth re-mill the material of the difference in cutting diameter to achieve the purpose of shaping and smoothing. At this point, the force is relatively small. After descending to a certain depth (the maximum depth in a single operation does not exceed the arrangement height of the small tooth 42), it begins to move in a circular motion around the manhole cover, completing one round of shaping operation. After one round of circular motion, the milling head 4 begins to cut and crush the material vertically downward for the third time. At this point, the depth exceeds the arrangement height of the small tooth 42. However, since the diameter of the bearing seat 2 is smaller than the milling diameter of the milling head 4, there is no material interference when the bearing seat 2 descends. It begins to move in a circular motion around the manhole cover. The material at the depth of the bearing seat 2 has been crushed. Therefore, although no cutter holder or cutter teeth are arranged at the bearing seat 2, it is still unaffected.

[0049] Since the cutting diameter formed by the small tooth 42 after installation is slightly larger than the cutting diameter formed by the large tooth 45, the milling diameter of the milling head 4 is the cutting diameter of the small tooth 42.

[0050] Since the cutting diameter formed by the small tooth 42 after installation is slightly larger than that formed by the large tooth 45, the cutting diameter of the milling head 4 corresponds to the cutting diameter of the small tooth 42 or the cutting diameter of the large tooth 45 at different depths. The required depth in most working conditions is greater than the designed milling depth of the large tooth, so as to achieve the purpose of modifying the shape of the small tooth 42.

[0051] This invention minimizes the milling diameter of the milling head while ensuring that the bearing housing 2, main shaft 3, bearing 1 5, and bearing 2 6 can withstand the reaction force of crushed cement and other materials, and at the same time ensures sufficient milling depth and flatness of the milling working surface.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Based on the milling machine described in Embodiment 2, this embodiment provides an engineering machine, such as an excavator, which is equipped with the milling machine described in Embodiment 2.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A milling head, characterized in that, include: The tool hub (43) is connected to the main spindle (3) for transmission. The tool hub (43) includes an upper tool hub (431) in the shape of a cylinder and a lower tool hub (432) in the shape of a cone disposed at one end of the upper tool hub (431). Several large teeth (45) are installed on the lower cutter hub (432) for crushing materials on the working surface. Installed on the upper cutter hub (431), a number of small teeth (42) are used to trim the working surface. The cutting diameter of the small tooth (42) is greater than that of the large tooth (45).

2. The milling head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the upper cutting hub (431) is larger than the diameter of the lower cutting hub (432).

3. The milling head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of small teeth (42) is greater than the number of large teeth (45).

4. A milling machine, characterized in that, include: Motor (1); The main shaft (3) is connected to the output end of the motor (1) for transmission. The milling head (4) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the milling head (4) is connected to the spindle (3) via a flat key (33).

5. The milling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spindle (3) includes a working section for mounting the milling head (4) and a transmission section for mounting the bearing housing (2); One end of the transmission section is connected to the output end of the motor (1) via an internal spline (34) and is engaged with the fastening nut (9) via an external thread (31). The other end of the transmission section is provided with a boss (32). Bearing 2 (6), spacer (8) and bearing 1 (5) are installed sequentially between the fastening nut (9) and the boss (32).

6. The milling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cutting diameter of the small tooth (42) is greater than the diameter of the bearing seat (2).

7. The milling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first bearing (5) is a cylindrical roller bearing used to bear radial force; the second bearing (6) is an angular contact ball bearing used to bear axial force.

8. The milling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The milling depth of the milling machine = large tooth milling depth + small tooth milling depth + bearing seat depth.

9. The milling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The motor (1) is mounted on the bearing housing (2) via a motor mounting plate (7).

10. An engineering machinery, characterized in that, The engineering machinery is equipped with a milling machine as described in any one of claims 4 to 9.

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