Bridge pier energy dissipation protection device and protection method under seismic-impact sequential action

Abstract

The application provides a bridge pier energy dissipation protection device under the action of earthquake-impact sequence, which is sequentially provided with an inner isolation cushion layer, a seismic energy dissipation layer, a displacement limiting regulation layer, a honeycomb energy absorption layer and an outer protective shell along the radial direction of the bridge pier body from inside to outside; the inner isolation cushion layer is used for providing a flexible buffer interface between the bridge pier body and the protection device; the seismic energy dissipation layer is arranged outside the inner isolation cushion layer and is used for dissipating the energy generated by the reciprocating action of the earthquake through plastic deformation; the displacement limiting regulation layer is arranged outside the seismic energy dissipation layer, has a preset gap and can be closed to participate in force limiting after the relative displacement exceeds a preset threshold, so as to control the starting time of the outer functional layer. The application establishes a four-stage grading classification protection mechanism according to the sequence action characteristics of the railway bridge pier earthquake and secondary disaster impact, and overcomes the deficiency that the single seismic energy dissipation technology is designed only for a single disaster action form.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge disaster prevention and mitigation technology, specifically a bridge pier energy dissipation protection device and its protection method under earthquake-impact sequence action. Background Technology

[0002] Bridges are a crucial component of transportation lifelines. In high-intensity earthquake zones, bridges not only face threats from earthquakes of varying magnitudes (minor, moderate, and major), but are also highly susceptible to secondary geological disasters (rockfalls, landslides, mudslides, etc.) and impacts from vehicles and ships after an earthquake. This sequential effect of "earthquake first, impact later" exhibits significant staged and cumulative destructive effects: after experiencing repeated earthquakes, bridge piers suffer residual displacement, damage to plastic hinge zones, or deformation of protective components. Subsequent external transient impacts on top of this damage lead to cumulative pier damage, amplified impact response, and difficult post-disaster repair. To address this engineering challenge, existing technologies primarily focus on two independent branches: seismic energy dissipation and collision energy absorption.

[0003] Existing seismic energy dissipation technologies for bridge piers typically employ methods such as ductile design, seismic isolation and damping design, replaceable energy-dissipating components, and sway self-resetting systems. These methods reduce seismic response through energy dissipation via plastic hinges, dampers, energy-dissipating steel components, or replaceable energy-dissipating components. While these technologies focus on dissipating seismic energy and controlling pier deformation, they often fail to adequately consider the remaining protective capacity of piers after experiencing minor, moderate, or major earthquakes, and are also insufficient to provide crushing energy absorption, peak energy reduction, and replaceable sacrificial protection functions for post-earthquake impacts.

[0004] Existing bridge pier collision protection and energy absorption technologies are typically designed to withstand impacts from ships, vehicles, floating objects, falling rocks, or debris flows. These technologies employ methods such as steel enclosure structures, rubber fenders, composite material sheaths, honeycomb energy-absorbing boxes, or energy-dissipating collision protection facilities to absorb external impact energy. While these technologies focus on reducing the peak value of transient impacts, they often fail to adequately consider the reciprocating relative displacement between the pier and protective devices under minor, moderate, and major earthquakes; the operational status of energy-dissipating components; the remaining bearing capacity of the pier after an earthquake; and the coupling effects between post-earthquake impact and damage from preceding earthquakes.

[0005] Therefore, existing earthquake or impact protection designs for bridge piers only consider the impact of individual disasters. Single seismic energy dissipation technologies are insufficient to bear the function of post-earthquake impact energy absorption, and single anti-collision energy absorption technologies are also insufficient to bear the function of earthquake graded energy dissipation and displacement regulation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a bridge pier energy dissipation protection device and its protection method under earthquake-impact sequence action, which can classify energy transfer, dissipate energy in stages, and protect bridge piers in stages according to different stages of earthquake and impact.

[0007] The present invention provides a bridge pier energy dissipation protection device under earthquake-impact sequence action. The device comprises, from the inside to the outside, an inner isolation pad, an earthquake energy dissipation layer, a displacement limiting and regulating layer, a honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, and an outer protective shell arranged radially from the inside to the outside of the bridge pier body. The inner isolation pad provides a flexible buffer interface between the bridge pier body and the protection device. The earthquake energy dissipation layer is located outside the inner isolation pad and dissipates the energy generated by the reciprocating earthquake through plastic deformation. The displacement limiting and regulating layer is located outside the earthquake energy dissipation layer, has a preset gap, and can close after the relative displacement exceeds a preset threshold to participate in force transmission limiting, thereby controlling the activation timing of the outer functional layer. The honeycomb energy-absorbing layer is located outside the displacement limiting and regulating layer and absorbs the energy generated by the post-earthquake external impact through crushing deformation. The outer protective shell, as the outermost component, directly bears and disperses the external impact load to the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer.

[0008] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned protective device, a pier connecting assembly is further included. The pier connecting assembly is fixedly installed around the pier body and sandwiched between the inner isolation pad layer and the seismic energy dissipation layer. The pier connecting assembly includes a segmented circumferential clamp arranged along the circumference of the pier and a vertical connecting rib extending along the height direction of the pier. The segmented circumferential clamp and the vertical connecting rib are cross-connected to form an integral skeleton.

[0009] In one embodiment of the aforementioned protective device, the seismic energy dissipation layer includes multiple replaceable seismic energy dissipation units spaced apart along the circumference and height of the pier body; each replaceable seismic energy dissipation unit includes a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, a low-yield-point steel energy dissipation plate, and a high-damping rubber layer; the low-yield-point steel energy dissipation plate is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate to undergo concentrated plastic deformation under reciprocating displacement to dissipate energy; the high-damping rubber layer is bonded to the low-yield-point steel energy dissipation plate to provide additional damping and improve energy dissipation stability.

[0010] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned protective device, the displacement limiting and adjusting layer includes a limiting block, a shear pin, a guide groove, a sliding pad layer, and a buffer pad.

[0011] The limiting block is fixed to the outside of the seismic energy dissipation layer or the inside of the honeycomb energy absorption layer, and forms the preset gap with the opposite bearing surface; the shear pin is inserted between adjacent components on both sides of the displacement limiting and adjusting layer, and is used to be sheared to release the constraint when the force exceeds the limit; the guide groove extends along the height direction of the pier body, and is used to guide the honeycomb energy absorption layer to undergo controlled sliding; the sliding pad is laid between the surfaces of adjacent relatively sliding components; the buffer pad is set between components that may undergo rigid collision.

[0012] In one embodiment of the aforementioned protective device, the displacement limiting control layer further includes an electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism; the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism includes a metal induction trigger plug, a magnetic field generator, an induction coil, an induction detection module, and pop-out locking teeth; the metal induction trigger plug moves synchronously with the bridge pier side component; the magnetic field generator and the induction coil are arranged opposite to each other, and are used to generate an induction signal in the induction coil when the metal induction trigger plug moves to the magnetic field area; the induction detection module is electrically connected to the induction coil, and is used to output a locking control signal when the induction signal reaches a preset trigger threshold; the pop-out locking teeth respond to the locking control signal, extend and engage with the corresponding locking structure on the metal induction trigger plug to restrict its reverse retraction, so that the displacement limiting control layer switches from the initial flexible control state and remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state.

[0013] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned protective device, the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism further includes a rectifier energy storage module. The rectifier energy storage module is electrically connected between the induction coil and the induction detection module, and is used to rectify and store the electrical energy generated by the induction coil to supply energy to the induction detection module or the pop-out locking teeth.

[0014] In one embodiment of the aforementioned protective device, the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer includes multiple replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing boxes arranged in sections and segments along the circumference and height of the pier body; each replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box includes an outer frame, a honeycomb core, a front sealing plate, a rear sealing plate, and high-strength bolts; the honeycomb core is filled inside the outer frame; the front sealing plate and the rear sealing plate are respectively installed at the front end and rear end of the honeycomb core in the impact direction; the high-strength bolts detachably connect the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box to adjacent components.

[0015] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned protective device, the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box adopts a drawer-type replaceable structure, with its upper and lower ends slidingly engaged with the guide groove and locked in place by the high-strength bolts, thereby achieving independent and quick disassembly and assembly along the direction of the guide groove.

[0016] In one embodiment of the above-mentioned protective device, the components of at least one or more layers among the inner isolation pad, earthquake energy dissipation layer, displacement limiting and regulating layer, honeycomb energy absorption layer and outer protective shell are connected in a modular and detachable manner, which is used to replace damaged components independently after a disaster.

[0017] A method for graded energy dissipation protection of bridge piers utilizing the above-mentioned protective device includes the following steps:

[0018] During minor earthquakes or operational vibrations, the minute relative displacement between the protective device and the pier body only causes elastic deformation or small damping energy dissipation of the inner isolation pad and earthquake energy dissipation layer. At this time, the preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer remains open, the honeycomb energy absorption layer does not participate in the force, and the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism does not start.

[0019] During the intermediate earthquake phase, relative displacement causes the earthquake energy dissipation layer to enter a hysteretic energy dissipation state to dissipate the main earthquake energy. The preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer has not been completely closed, the honeycomb energy absorption layer is not used as the main load-bearing component, and the electromagnetic induction triggering state memory locking mechanism is not activated.

[0020] During the major earthquake phase, the relative displacement causes the preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer to close to participate in the pressure limiting, while the seismic energy continues to be introduced into the seismic energy dissipation layer for full energy dissipation; during this phase, the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism is triggered and its pop-out locking teeth extend to lock, so that the displacement limiting control layer remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state.

[0021] During the post-earthquake impact phase, the external impact first acts on the outer protective shell and is transmitted to the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, causing the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer to undergo crushing deformation to absorb the impact energy. At the same time, the displacement limiting and regulating layer, which is in a post-earthquake enhanced limiting state, participates in force transmission and limits the peak force transmitted to the already damaged bridge pier body.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. In response to the sequential effects of earthquakes and secondary disasters on railway bridge piers, a four-stage graded protection mechanism was established, consisting of small earthquake isolation and buffering, moderate earthquake energy dissipation and reduction, large earthquake limiting energy dissipation, and post-earthquake impact energy absorption protection. This mechanism overcomes the shortcomings of existing single seismic energy dissipation technologies or single anti-collision energy absorption technologies that are designed only for a single type of disaster. By diverting the reciprocating energy of earthquakes and the transient impact energy after earthquakes to different energy dissipation and absorption paths, a graded protection effect of preventing false starts in small earthquakes, prioritizing energy dissipation in moderate earthquakes, limiting protection in large earthquakes, and absorbing energy after earthquakes is achieved. This provides a reliable technical solution for the safe service of bridges in high-intensity earthquake zones under combined disasters.

[0024] 2. By using components such as preset gaps, limiting blocks, shear pins, sliding pads, and guides in the displacement limiting control layer, threshold triggering and force transmission path control are achieved; this enables each functional layer to be triggered and work collaboratively in an orderly manner according to the design sequence, avoiding mutual interference between seismic energy dissipation components and impact energy absorption components.

[0025] 3. Furthermore, the electromagnetic induction-triggered state memory locking mechanism in the displacement limit control layer realizes the state memory and enhanced limit function after a major earthquake. The relative displacement under a major earthquake drives the metal induction trigger plug to cut the magnetic field and generate an induction signal. The locking action is driven by the threshold recognition of amplitude and duration. During minor and moderate earthquakes, the locking is not initiated if the induction signal is lower than the trigger threshold, effectively avoiding accidental locking under non-design conditions and ensuring the independent working space of the earthquake energy dissipation layer. The electrical energy generated by the induction is stored by the rectifier energy storage module and then used to power the locking mechanism. After locking, the mechanical positioning of the pop-out locking teeth and the self-locking effect of the wedge friction component continuously maintain the limit state, without relying on continuous external power supply, adapting to the extreme working conditions of power outage after an earthquake. The locking state can limit the excessive retraction of the protective device during the rebound of the pier, reduce the rebound and secondary impact risk under the post-earthquake impact, and ensure that the post-earthquake impact stably enters the preset controlled protection path.

[0026] 4. The seismic energy dissipation unit, honeycomb energy absorption box, shear pin, limit block and outer protective shell all adopt a modular and detachable structure. After the disaster, the corresponding module can be judged to meet the replacement conditions according to the yield state of the seismic energy dissipation unit, the crushing state of the impact energy absorption unit and the shearing state of the shear pin, and can be disassembled and replaced independently without the need for extensive repair of the pier body. Since the main damage is concentrated on the replaceable parts, the amount of repair work of the pier body is reduced, and the rapid repair of railway bridges after earthquake and post-earthquake impact combined disasters can be realized. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the displacement limiting and control layer.

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the connection structure between the honeycomb box and the guide groove.

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A top-view structural diagram of the central protective device.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the protective device in use under minor earthquake conditions.

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the use status of the displacement limiting and control layer under minor earthquake conditions.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the protective device in use under moderate earthquake conditions.

[0035] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the usage status of the displacement limiting and control layer under moderate earthquake conditions.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage status of this protective device under a major earthquake.

[0037] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the usage status of the mid-displacement limiting and regulating layer under a major earthquake.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage status of this protective device under post-earthquake impact conditions.

[0039] Figure 13 for Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the use status of the mid-displacement limiting and regulating layer under post-earthquake impact conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The relevant technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, the bridge pier energy dissipation protection device under earthquake-impact sequence action is disposed on the outside of the bridge pier body 2. The bridge superstructure 1 is disposed on the top of the bridge pier body, and the lower end of the bridge pier body is connected to the base 9. The protection device is arranged around the bridge pier body and includes, from the inside out, an inner isolation pad 8, a bridge pier connecting component 5, an earthquake energy dissipation layer 7, a displacement limiting and regulating layer 6, a honeycomb energy absorption layer 4, and an outer protective shell 3.

[0042] The pier connection assembly 5 is used to reliably connect the entire protective device to the outer periphery of the pier body 2. The pier connection assembly includes a split circumferential clamp 52, a vertical connecting rib 51, an anchoring lug 53, and a detachable fastener 54.

[0043] The segmented circumferential clamps 52 are arranged in a closed or semi-closed ring along the circumference of the pier body 2, and each segment is connected and fixed by a detachable fastener 54. The vertical connecting ribs 51 extend along the height direction of the pier body and intersect with the segmented circumferential clamps to enhance the overall rigidity of the pier connection assembly 5. The anchoring lugs 53 are fixed to the segmented circumferential clamps and the vertical connecting ribs for connection with other functional layers of the protective device.

[0044] The inner isolation pad 8 is sandwiched between the outer wall of the pier body 2 and the segmented circumferential clamp 52 to avoid rigid direct contact between the pier connecting component 5 and the pier body, reduce local stress concentration, and provide a buffering effect under minor earthquakes. The inner isolation pad is made of rubber pads, composite elastic pads, polyurethane pads, or other flexible materials.

[0045] The seismic energy dissipation layer 7 is arranged adjacent to the outer side of the pier connection assembly 5. It is designed to dissipate seismic input energy by undergoing yielding, shearing, bending, friction, tension / compression, or hysteretic deformation under the reciprocating relative displacement caused by an earthquake. The seismic energy dissipation layer consists of several replaceable seismic energy dissipation units, which are spaced apart along the circumferential and height directions of the pier body 2. Each replaceable seismic energy dissipation unit includes a first connecting plate 71, a second connecting plate 74, a low-yield-point steel energy dissipation plate 73, and a high-damping rubber layer 72.

[0046] The first connecting plate 71 is fixedly connected to the pier connecting assembly 5, and the second connecting plate 74 is fixedly connected to a component on one side of the displacement limiting and adjusting layer 6. A low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate 73 is connected between the first and second connecting plates, with its yield zone and connecting zone separated to concentrate plastic deformation within the predetermined yield zone. A high-damping rubber layer 72 is attached to one or both sides of the low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate, or can fill the holes, corrugated grooves, or gaps between adjacent energy-dissipating plates. Under seismic reciprocating action, it works with the low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate to generate shear, bending, tension, compression, or frictional energy dissipation, thereby improving initial damping and enhancing cyclic energy dissipation stability.

[0047] The low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate 73 can be a perforated plate, corrugated plate, U-shaped plate, X-shaped yield plate, dog-bone weakening plate, or steel plate with necking yield section, so that plastic deformation is concentrated in the predetermined yield zone; the high-damping rubber layer 72 is used to improve initial damping, reduce rigid contact, and improve cyclic energy dissipation stability. In other optional embodiments, the seismic energy dissipation layer can also be one or more of the following: shape memory alloy parts, friction damping parts, viscous damping parts, ECC confinement layer, UHPC confinement layer, or FRP confinement layer, to replace or supplement the low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating unit.

[0048] The displacement limiting and control layer 6 is located between the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 and the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4, and is used to control the activation sequence, force transmission amplitude, maximum deformation, and common working phase of the seismic energy dissipation path and impact energy absorption path. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the displacement limiting control layer 6 includes a control layer fixing seat, a sliding pad layer 61, a buffer pad 62, a shear pin 63, a honeycomb box guide groove 64, a limiting block 65, an end stop structure, and an electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism.

[0049] The regulating layer fixing seat is used to install the honeycomb box guide groove 64, shear pin fixing ear plate, end stop structure and electromagnetic locking seat. The regulating layer fixing seat and the earthquake energy dissipation layer 7 have a preset gap, as well as a sliding pad layer 61 and a buffer pad 62, so that the earthquake energy dissipation layer 7 can dissipate energy independently during normal operation, small earthquake and moderate earthquake stages, and the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4 does not participate in the main stress in advance.

[0050] The limiting block 65 is fixed to the outer component of the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 or the inner component of the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4; a gap is preset between the limiting block and the corresponding bearing surface to ensure that the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4 does not participate in the stress in advance during the small and moderate earthquake stages; when the relative displacement reaches the preset threshold due to the large earthquake or post-earthquake impact, the limiting block contacts the corresponding bearing surface and participates in the bearing pressure to limit the maximum relative deformation between the pier body 2 and the protective device.

[0051] The axis of the shear pin 63 is preferably perpendicular to the predetermined sliding direction of the honeycomb energy-absorbing box, and it passes between the connecting ear plate of the outer frame or rear limiting plate of the honeycomb energy-absorbing box and the connecting ear plate of the control layer fixing seat; it is used to maintain the stability of the outer protective module under normal operation, minor earthquakes and moderate earthquakes, and to yield or shear when the large earthquake exceeds the limit or the post-earthquake impact exceeds the limit, so as to release part of the constraint and concentrate the damage on the replaceable parts. The honeycomb box guide groove 64 extends along the height direction of the pier body 2 and is fixed on the vertical guide support column or the outer mounting frame, and is used to guide the honeycomb energy-absorbing box of the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4 to slide or deform in a predetermined direction in a controlled manner; the guide grooves of each layer of honeycomb boxes are connected by the vertical guide support column to form an integral mounting skeleton. The sliding pad layer 61 is laid between the surfaces of adjacent relatively sliding components to reduce frictional resistance and control sliding behavior. The buffer pad 62 is set between components that may come into contact or collide to buffer the impact and reduce rigid collisions.

[0052] The electromagnetic induction-triggered state memory locking mechanism includes a metal induction trigger plug 691, a compression spring 692, a magnetic field generator 693, an induction coil 694, an induction detection module 695, and a pop-out locking tooth 696.

[0053] The metal induction trigger plug 691 is connected to the connecting plate of the pier connecting assembly 5 or the seismic energy dissipation layer 7, and can move towards the displacement limiting and adjusting layer 6 with the relative displacement of the pier side members. Preferably, the metal induction trigger plug does not insert into the pier body, nor does it directly pass through the main deformation areas of the inner isolation layer and the seismic energy dissipation layer. Instead, it connects to the pier side members through connecting lugs, and is arranged from the side or outside, bypassing the main energy dissipation area. When it is necessary to pass through local members, a sleeve-type reserved channel and a low-friction bushing can be provided to avoid weakening the main deformation function of the energy dissipation layer and the isolation layer. A compression spring 692 is provided between the metal induction trigger plug and the adjacent mounting member to provide pre-tightening, buffering, or reset assistance.

[0054] A magnetic field generator 693 is disposed within the fixed base or electromagnetic locking base of the displacement limiting and adjusting layer 6, and is used to generate a magnetic field near the movement path of the metal induction trigger plug. The magnetic field generator is preferably a permanent magnet, but can also be an electromagnetic coil or a combination of a permanent magnet and an electromagnetic coil. An induction coil 694 is disposed around or near the magnetic field region of the movement channel of the metal induction trigger plug. When the metal induction trigger plug enters the magnetic field region under seismic action and causes a change in the magnetic flux of the induction coil, the induction coil generates an induced current, an induced voltage, or a pulse signal.

[0055] The induction detection module 695 is electrically connected to the induction coil 694 and is used to detect the induced current, induced voltage, pulse amplitude, pulse duration, or combinations thereof generated by the induction coil. When the detected value reaches a preset trigger threshold, it outputs a locking control signal. The induction detection module can be mounted on a fixed base, an outer mounting frame, or an electromagnetic locking base of the displacement limiting control layer 6. A rectifier energy storage module can also be installed between the induction coil and the induction detection module. This module rectifies and stores the electrical energy generated by the induction coil in an energy storage capacitor or supercapacitor to power the induction detection module or the locking actuator, improving reliability under power outage conditions after an earthquake.

[0056] The pop-out locking teeth 696 are disposed within the electromagnetic locking seat or the control layer fixing seat, and are arranged correspondingly to the locking groove or limiting step on the metal induction trigger plug. When the sensing detection module outputs a locking control signal, the pop-out locking teeth extend under the action of the electromagnetic attracting component, the elastic pre-tightening component, or the energy storage and release mechanism, and engage with the locking groove or limiting step on the metal induction trigger plug, thereby restricting the reverse retraction of the metal induction trigger plug and keeping the displacement limiting control layer 6 in the enhanced limiting state after the earthquake.

[0057] In other alternative embodiments, the electromagnetic induction-triggered state memory locking mechanism may further include a wedge-shaped friction clamp and a friction locking plate. The wedge-shaped friction clamp or friction locking plate is disposed on one or both sides of the metal induction trigger plug and can press the metal induction trigger plug under the action of electromagnetic attraction force, elastic preload force, or impact reaction force to form a friction self-locking or locking state. A pop-out locking tooth is used to provide reliable limiting, and the wedge-shaped friction clamp or friction locking plate is used to provide auxiliary locking and friction energy dissipation.

[0058] The honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4 is located on the outside of the displacement limiting and regulating layer 6, and is used to undergo crushing deformation and absorb impact energy under external impact after an earthquake. The honeycomb energy-absorbing layer consists of several replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing boxes, which are arranged in blocks along the circumference of the pier body 2 and in sections along the height direction, so as to facilitate local disassembly and replacement after impact.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, each replaceable cellular energy-absorbing box includes an outer frame 44, a cellular core 43, a front sealing plate 42, a rear sealing plate 45, and high-strength bolts 41 as module connectors.

[0060] The outer frame 44 forms the external support skeleton of the honeycomb energy-absorbing box, and the honeycomb core 43 fills the internal space of the outer frame. The front sealing plate 42 and the rear sealing plate 45 are respectively covered on the front and rear ends of the honeycomb core along the impact direction to close the outer frame and form axial constraint on the honeycomb core. High-strength bolts 41 detachably connect and fix the honeycomb energy-absorbing box to the outer protective shell 3, the displacement limiting and adjusting layer 6, and adjacent honeycomb energy-absorbing boxes.

[0061] The shape of the honeycomb core can be hexagonal honeycomb, round hole honeycomb, gradient honeycomb, negative Poisson's ratio honeycomb, corrugated honeycomb or foam-filled honeycomb; the honeycomb core material can be aluminum alloy, low carbon steel, low yield point steel, stainless steel, FRP composite material, basalt fiber composite material, foamed aluminum, rubber-filled metal honeycomb or a combination of multiple materials.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box adopts a drawer-type replaceable structure, with its upper and lower ends slidingly engaged with the guide groove 64. During installation, the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box is pushed into the predetermined installation position inside the outer protective shell 3 along the guide groove, and then locked in place by high-strength bolts 41; during disassembly, the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box can be pulled out along the guide groove by loosening or removing the high-strength bolts, allowing for independent replacement.

[0063] The outer protective shell 3 is located on the outermost side of the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4. As the outermost component of the protective device, it directly withstands the impact of falling rocks, floating objects, vehicles, ships, or other external forces, and disperses the local impact force to the inner honeycomb energy-absorbing layer. The outer protective shell is made of steel plate, composite material plate, UHPC thin-walled plate, or steel-concrete composite plate. Its outer surface can be set as an arc surface or a flow guiding surface to improve the impact force dispersion capability, and drainage holes, mud discharge holes, or inspection holes can be opened as needed.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, the connections between the functional layers of the above-mentioned protective device are all detachable. The replaceable seismic energy dissipation unit in the seismic energy dissipation layer 7, the replaceable honeycomb energy absorption box in the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4, the shear pin 63 and the limiting block 65 in the displacement limiting and adjusting layer 6, and the outer protective shell 3 can all be detachably connected to adjacent components via bolts, slots, guide rails, buckles, pressure plates, or pins. The electromagnetic locking seat is detachably fixed to the adjusting layer fixing seat, the vertical guide support column, or the outer mounting frame via a connecting plate and high-strength bolts.

[0065] The overall function and working principle of the protective device in this embodiment are as follows.

[0066] like Figure 6 As shown, under minor earthquake conditions, the relative displacement between the pier body 2 and the protective device is small, and the inner isolation layer 8 and the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 only undergo elastic deformation or small-amplitude damping energy dissipation. At this time, the preset gap in the displacement limiting and regulating layer 6 remains open, the limiting block 65 does not contact the corresponding bearing surface, the shear pin 63 does not yield or shear, and the honeycomb energy absorbing layer 4 does not participate in the main stress, thereby effectively preventing the honeycomb energy absorbing layer 4 from being mistakenly activated and prematurely crushed under minor earthquakes or operational vibrations. Meanwhile, as... Figure 7 As shown, the metal induction trigger plug only undergoes a slight displacement and does not enter the effective magnetic field induction area, or the induced current, induced voltage or pulse signal generated by the induction coil is lower than the preset trigger threshold. The induction detection module does not output a locking control signal, the pop-out locking teeth do not extend, and the protective device maintains the initial flexible control state.

[0067] like Figure 8 As shown, under moderate earthquake conditions, a significant reciprocating relative displacement occurs between the pier body 2 and the protective device. This relative displacement is transmitted to the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 via the pier connecting component 5, causing the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 to enter a hysteretic energy dissipation state. A large amount of seismic input energy is dissipated through the reciprocating deformation of the low-yield-point steel energy dissipation plate 73 and the high-damping rubber layer 72. During this stage, the preset gaps in the displacement limiting and regulating layer 6 are not yet fully closed, and the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4 is not yet used as a primary load-bearing component. Figure 9As shown, at this time, the metal induction trigger plug can travel a certain distance with the bridge pier connecting component or the outer connecting plate of the earthquake energy dissipation layer, and may cause the induction coil to generate an induction signal. However, since the amplitude, duration or corresponding displacement of the induction signal does not reach the large earthquake trigger threshold, the locking actuator does not move, and the electromagnetic locking seat is still in the waiting-to-trigger state, so as to avoid the honeycomb energy absorption layer from being crushed prematurely under the reciprocating action of the moderate earthquake.

[0068] like Figure 10 As shown, under a major earthquake, the relative displacement between the pier body 2 and the protective device further increases, and the seismic energy dissipation layer 7 enters a state of full yielding and energy dissipation. When the relative displacement reaches a preset threshold, the preset gap in the displacement limiting and regulating layer 6 gradually closes, the limiting block 65 contacts the corresponding bearing surface and participates in bearing pressure, and the guide groove 64 and the sliding pad layer 61 jointly guide and control the protective device to undergo controlled deformation along the preset direction. The shear pin 63 enters a shear state according to the design bearing capacity, thereby limiting the excessive relative displacement between the pier body 2 and the protective device, reducing damage and irreparable deformation in the pier's plastic hinge zone. Figure 11 As shown, simultaneously, the metal induction trigger plug rapidly enters the magnetic field region formed by the magnetic field generator, causing a significant change in the magnetic flux of the induction coil and generating an induced current, induced voltage, or pulse signal that reaches a preset trigger threshold. After the induction detection module detects that the induced signal has reached the preset trigger threshold, it outputs a locking control signal, causing the pop-out locking teeth to extend and engage with the locking groove or limiting step on the metal induction trigger plug, thereby restricting the reverse retraction of the metal induction trigger plug. Thus, the displacement limiting control layer 6 switches from the initial flexible control state and remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state. After the earthquake, even if the bridge pier body rebounds or the earthquake energy dissipation layer shows a partial recovery trend, because the pop-out locking teeth have already engaged with the locking groove or limiting step, the metal induction trigger plug cannot completely retract in the reverse direction, and the displacement limiting control layer remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state, achieving state memory after the major earthquake.

[0069] like Figure 12 As shown, under post-earthquake impact conditions, the pier body 2 may have already undergone seismic action and produced certain residual deformation or damage. At this time, the external impact first acts on the outer protective shell 3. The outer protective shell diffuses the local impact force and then transmits it to the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4. The honeycomb core 43 in the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer undergoes axial crushing deformation under the joint constraint of the front sealing plate 42, the rear sealing plate 45, and the outer frame 44, absorbing a large amount of post-earthquake impact energy. Figure 13As shown, since the displacement limiting control layer has been maintained in a post-earthquake enhanced limiting state, subsequent impacts can directly enter the controlled protection path of "outer protective shell dispersing impact—honeycomb energy-absorbing box crushing and absorbing energy—shear pin releasing peak value—honeycomb box guide groove controlling sliding—limiting block limiting maximum displacement". As the crushing stroke of the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer increases, the limiting block 65 in the displacement limiting control layer 6 further participates in force transmission. When the impact transmission force exceeds the design value, the shear pin 63 yields or shears, causing the honeycomb energy-absorbing box to release its initial lock and slide in a controlled manner along the honeycomb box guide groove. After sliding to the preset stroke, it is restricted from further movement by the limiting block and the end stop structure, thereby prolonging the impact time and effectively reducing the peak impact force transmitted to the already damaged bridge pier body. At the same time, the pop-out locking teeth and locking groove maintain the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state, limiting the excessive retraction of the outer module or control mechanism, and reducing the risk of rebound and secondary impact after the post-earthquake impact.

[0070] Through the aforementioned structural arrangement of layers from the inside out, this protective device achieves energy diversion and path classification of seismic action and post-earthquake impact.

[0071] The reciprocating energy of the earthquake is preferentially dissipated by the seismic energy dissipation layer 7, which is close to the pier body 2. The transient impact energy after the earthquake is preferentially absorbed by the crushing of the outer honeycomb energy-absorbing layer 4. The excessive displacement and peak force are released, limited, and regulated by the displacement limiting and control layer 6. Each functional layer is triggered and works in an orderly and coordinated manner according to the hierarchical order of isolation and buffering for minor earthquakes, energy dissipation and reduction for moderate earthquakes, limiting and dissipating energy for major earthquakes, and post-earthquake impact energy absorption protection. This avoids mutual interference between the seismic energy dissipation components and the impact energy-absorbing components.

[0072] In this embodiment, the seismic energy dissipation layer and the honeycomb energy absorption layer form a mutually beneficial relationship through a displacement limiting control layer. During the earthquake phase, the seismic energy dissipation layer prioritizes energy dissipation, and the preset gap and electromagnetic induction triggering threshold work together to prevent the honeycomb energy absorption layer from being falsely activated, thereby preserving the post-earthquake energy absorption capacity of the honeycomb energy absorption layer. After a major earthquake, the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism switches the protection system from the initial flexible control state and maintains it in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state. During the post-earthquake impact phase, the honeycomb energy absorption box is controlled to slide and crush under the action of shear pin release, honeycomb box guide groove constraint, and limiting block limitation, thus protecting the already damaged bridge piers and the seismic energy dissipation layer in the reverse direction.

[0073] After a disaster, based on the yielding state of the earthquake energy dissipation layer 7, the crushing state of the honeycomb energy absorption layer 4, the shearing state of the shear pin 63 in the displacement limiting and regulating layer 6, the deformation state of the outer protective shell 3, the locking state of the pop-out locking teeth, and the working state of the electromagnetic induction triggering mechanism, it can be determined whether the corresponding components meet the replacement conditions. Replaceable earthquake energy dissipation units, replaceable honeycomb energy absorption boxes, shear pins, limiting blocks 65, electromagnetic locking components, or outer protective shells that meet the replacement conditions can be independently disassembled and replaced without extensive repair of the pier body 2, thereby achieving rapid recovery of railway bridges after complex disasters.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although detailed descriptions have been provided with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge pier energy dissipation protection device under earthquake-impact sequence action, characterized in that: The protective device consists of an inner isolation pad, an earthquake energy dissipation layer, a displacement limiting and regulating layer, a honeycomb energy absorption layer, and an outer protective shell arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside along the radial direction of the pier body. The inner isolation layer is used to provide a flexible buffer interface between the pier body and the protective device; the seismic energy dissipation layer is set on the outside of the inner isolation layer to dissipate the energy generated by the seismic reciprocating action through plastic deformation. The displacement limiting and control layer is set on the outside of the seismic energy dissipation layer. It has a preset gap and can close after the relative displacement exceeds a preset threshold to participate in force transmission limiting, thereby controlling the activation timing of the outer functional layer. The honeycomb energy-absorbing layer is disposed on the outside of the displacement limiting and regulating layer to absorb the energy generated by the external impact after the earthquake through crushing deformation; the outer protective shell, as the outermost component, is used to directly bear and disperse the external impact load to the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer.

2. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a pier connection assembly, which is fixedly installed around the pier body and sandwiched between the inner isolation cushion layer and the seismic energy dissipation layer; the pier connection assembly includes a segmented circumferential clamp arranged along the circumference of the pier and a vertical connecting rib extending along the height of the pier, and the segmented circumferential clamp and the vertical connecting rib are cross-connected to form an integral skeleton.

3. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The seismic energy dissipation layer includes multiple replaceable seismic energy dissipation units arranged at intervals along the circumference and height of the pier body; each replaceable seismic energy dissipation unit includes a first connecting plate, a second connecting plate, a low yield point steel energy dissipation plate, and a high damping rubber layer. A low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate is connected between the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate to dissipate energy by undergoing concentrated plastic deformation under reciprocating displacement; a high-damping rubber layer is bonded to the low-yield-point steel energy-dissipating plate to provide additional damping and improve energy dissipation stability.

4. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The displacement limiting and adjusting layer includes a limiting block, a shear pin, a guide groove, a sliding pad layer, and a buffer pad; The limiting block is fixed to the outside of the seismic energy dissipation layer or the inside of the honeycomb energy absorption layer, and forms the preset gap with the opposite bearing surface; the shear pin is inserted between adjacent components on both sides of the displacement limiting and adjusting layer, and is used to be sheared to release the constraint when the force exceeds the limit; the guide groove extends along the height direction of the pier body, and is used to guide the honeycomb energy absorption layer to undergo controlled sliding; the sliding pad is laid between the surfaces of adjacent relatively sliding components; the buffer pad is set between components that may undergo rigid collision.

5. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement limiting control layer also includes an electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism; the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism includes a metal induction trigger plug, a magnetic field generator, an induction coil, an induction detection module, and pop-out locking teeth. The metal induction trigger plug moves synchronously with the bridge pier side component; the magnetic field generator and the induction coil are arranged opposite to each other, and are used to cause the induction coil to generate an induction signal when the metal induction trigger plug moves to the magnetic field area; the induction detection module is electrically connected to the induction coil, and is used to output a locking control signal when the induction signal reaches a preset trigger threshold; the pop-out locking tooth responds to the locking control signal and extends and engages with the corresponding locking structure on the metal induction trigger plug to restrict its reverse retraction, so that the displacement limiting control layer switches from the initial flexible control state and remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state.

6. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The electromagnetic induction-triggered state memory locking mechanism also includes a rectifier energy storage module, which is electrically connected between the induction coil and the induction detection module. The rectifier energy storage module is used to rectify and store the electrical energy generated by the induction coil to supply power to the induction detection module or the pop-out locking teeth.

7. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The honeycomb energy-absorbing layer includes multiple replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing boxes arranged in blocks and segments along the circumference and height of the pier body; each replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box includes an outer frame, a honeycomb core, a front sealing plate, a rear sealing plate, and high-strength bolts; The honeycomb core is filled inside the outer frame; The front and rear sealing plates are respectively installed at the front and rear ends of the honeycomb core in the impact direction; high-strength bolts detachably connect the replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box to the adjacent components.

8. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The replaceable honeycomb energy-absorbing box adopts a drawer-type replaceable structure. Its upper and lower ends slide in conjunction with the guide groove and are locked in place by the high-strength bolts, so as to realize independent and quick disassembly and assembly along the direction of the guide groove.

9. The energy dissipation protection device for bridge piers under earthquake-impact sequence action as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The components of at least one or more of the inner isolation pad, seismic energy dissipation layer, displacement limiting and regulating layer, honeycomb energy absorption layer, and outer protective shell are modularly and detachably connected, allowing for independent replacement of damaged components after a disaster.

10. A method for protecting bridge piers from energy loss using the protective device described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During minor earthquakes or operational vibrations, the minute relative displacement between the protective device and the pier body only causes elastic deformation or small damping energy dissipation of the inner isolation pad and earthquake energy dissipation layer. At this time, the preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer remains open, the honeycomb energy absorption layer does not participate in the force, and the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism does not start. During the intermediate earthquake phase, relative displacement causes the earthquake energy dissipation layer to enter a hysteretic energy dissipation state to dissipate the main earthquake energy. The preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer has not been completely closed, the honeycomb energy absorption layer is not used as the main load-bearing component, and the electromagnetic induction triggering state memory locking mechanism is not activated. During the major earthquake phase, the relative displacement causes the preset gap of the displacement limiting control layer to close to participate in the pressure limiting, while the seismic energy continues to be introduced into the seismic energy dissipation layer for full energy dissipation; during this phase, the electromagnetic induction triggered state memory locking mechanism is triggered and its pop-out locking teeth extend to lock, so that the displacement limiting control layer remains in the post-earthquake enhanced limiting state. During the post-earthquake impact phase, the external impact first acts on the outer protective shell and is transmitted to the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer, causing the honeycomb energy-absorbing layer to undergo crushing deformation to absorb the impact energy. At the same time, the displacement limiting and regulating layer, which is in a post-earthquake enhanced limiting state, participates in force transmission and limits the peak force transmitted to the already damaged bridge pier body.

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