Semi-floating inclined breakwater device and control method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of breakwater, and discloses a semi-floating inclined breakwater device and a control method. Through the rotatable sleeve structure embedded in the double-layer steel pipe flow guide system, dynamic adjustment and accurate dissipation of wave energy are realized. The rotatable sleeve changes the effective flow area of the flow guide hole in real time through the matching design of the surface patch hole and the spiral flow guide hole of the inner layer perforated steel pipe, and adjusts the water flow path and flow rate. When the wave incidence angle changes, the rotation of the sleeve dynamically adjusts the coincidence degree of the patch hole and the spiral flow guide hole, forming a variable spiral vortex channel in the steel pipe. According to the characteristics that the wave energy in the shallow water area is concentrated in the bottom layer, the wave dissipation effect is improved. The mechanical linkage structure of the rotatable sleeve and the control assembly work together, and according to the wave parameters, the controller synchronously adjusts the rotation angle of the sleeve and the air-water ratio of the air pump array, so that the floating body structure maintains the stability of the semi-floating posture and the three-dimensional dissipation of the wave energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of breakwater technology, and in particular to a semi-floating inclined breakwater device and control method. Background Technology

[0002] The primary function of breakwaters is to provide a stable operating area for ports and protect the coastline from wave erosion. However, traditional bottom-mounted breakwaters are easily limited in construction cost by water depth and foundation conditions, and with increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, they may hinder water exchange within the port, leading to water quality problems. In contrast, floating breakwaters, with their smaller water depth and foundation condition limitations, and their ability to allow free flow of water, effectively solve these problems.

[0003] Floating breakwaters consist of floating bodies and mooring systems, and their designs vary. Their wave-dissipating principle primarily relies on the movement, friction, and reflection of the floating structure to dissipate wave energy. This design allows water to flow freely inside and outside the breakwater, promoting water exchange. Conventional floating breakwaters mainly target wave energy near the water surface and are more suitable for deep-water wave dissipation; their wave-dissipating effect is reduced in shallow water.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a semi-floating inclined breakwater device and control method to improve the wave dissipation effect in shallow water areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides a semi-floating inclined breakwater device, comprising a floating structure, an anchoring assembly, and a control assembly. The device includes several sets of floating structures; each set of floating structures is composed of multiple double-layer steel pipe flow guiding systems connected in a movable manner. The double-layer steel pipe flow guiding system includes an outer steel pipe and an inner perforated steel pipe nested inside the outer steel pipe. The inner perforated steel pipe has spiral flow guiding holes opened along the axial direction in its pipe wall. A rotatable sleeve is nested inside the inner perforated steel pipe. The surface of the rotatable sleeve is provided with filler holes that match the spiral flow guiding holes. The anchoring assembly is connected to the bottom of the floating structure via an anchor chain; The control components include a sensor array, a controller, and an air pump array; The sensor array is connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the air pump array and the drive mechanism of the rotatable sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, the overlap between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole is adjusted using the following formula: ; In the formula, S represents the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. The average diameter of the spiral guide holes is represented by N, and the total number of spiral guide holes is represented by N. The drive mechanism drives the rotatable sleeve to rotate according to the overlapping area.

[0007] Furthermore, the controller is configured to calculate the target tilt angle based on the following formula to control the tilt angle of the floating structure: ; In the formula, R represents the target tilt angle, R represents the ratio of the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole, and H represents the wave height. D represents the bottom current velocity, and D represents the draft of the floating structure. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. Indicates the water flow resistance coefficient. This represents the incident angle correction factor; in, S 实际 S represents the actual overlapping area between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. 最大 This indicates the maximum overlapping area when the filler hole and the spiral guide hole are perfectly aligned.

[0008] Furthermore, the air-to-water ratio adjustment of the air pump array satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula, Q 迎浪 K1 represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, K2 represents the dynamic proportional coefficient, K3 represents the wave height change sensitivity coefficient, and K4 represents the velocity-incident angle coupling coefficient. It represents the change in wave height per unit time.

[0009] Furthermore, the anchoring assembly includes a split multi-claw anchor block and a multi-directional articulated anchor chain, the multi-directional articulated anchor chain being connected to the controller via a tension sensor.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the spiral guide hole gradually increases from the wave-facing end to the wave-avoiding end, and both the inner and outer edges of the spiral guide hole are provided with rounded chamfers.

[0011] Furthermore, the control method of the controller includes: When the sediment concentration sensor detects the sediment concentration at the bottom of the floating structure Greater than the preset sediment concentration threshold At that time, the controller increases the output flow rate of the wave-facing air pump in the air pump array, and adjusts the amount. for: ; In the formula, Q 迎浪β represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, and β represents the sediment influence factor.

[0012] In another aspect, the present invention provides a control method for a semi-floating inclined breakwater, implemented based on a semi-floating inclined breakwater device as described in any of the preceding claims, the control method comprising the following steps: Step S1: Acquire wave parameters in real time through a sensor array, including wave incident angle, wave height, bottom flow velocity, and sediment concentration; Step S2: Calculate the target tilt angle based on the wave parameters; Step S3: Adjust the air-water ratio of the air pump array according to the target tilt angle to control the semi-floating tilted breakwater.

[0013] The embodiments of the present invention have the following technical effects: The rotatable sleeve structure nested within a double-layer steel pipe flow guiding system enables dynamic regulation and precise dissipation of wave energy. The rotatable sleeve, through a matching design of surface perforations and inner perforated steel pipe spiral flow guiding holes, rotates under the control of a drive mechanism, changing the effective flow area of ​​the guiding holes in real time, thereby regulating the water flow path and velocity. When the wave incident angle changes, the rotation of the sleeve dynamically adjusts the overlap between the perforations and the spiral flow guiding holes, forming a variable spiral vortex channel inside the steel pipe. This enhances the interference with the reciprocating motion of bottom water particles, significantly improving energy dissipation efficiency, especially considering the characteristic of wave energy concentration at the bottom in shallow water areas. Simultaneously, the mechanical linkage structure of the rotatable sleeve works in synergy with the control components. A sensor array senses wave parameters in real time, and the controller synchronously adjusts the sleeve rotation angle and the air-water ratio of the air pump array. This allows the floating structure to maintain semi-floating stability while achieving three-dimensional dissipation of wave energy through the dynamic aperture changes of the flow guiding system. This structure breaks through the limitations of traditional floating breakwaters that passively dissipate waves. Through the active control mechanism of the rotatable sleeve, it effectively solves the technical problem of the mismatch between the wave energy distribution characteristics and the wave dissipation requirements in shallow water areas. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a semi-floating inclined breakwater device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the floating structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the steps of a semi-floating tilting wave-damping control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure Labels 1. Outer steel pipe; 2. Inner perforated steel pipe; 2-1. Spiral guide hole; 3. Rotatable sleeve; 3-1. Filling hole; 4. Anchoring assembly; 5. Control assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0018] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a semi-floating inclined breakwater device, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a floating structure, anchoring components 4 and control components 5; The device includes several sets of floating body structures; by Figure 2 It can be seen that each group of floating structures is composed of multiple double-layer steel pipe flow guiding systems connected in motion. The double-layer steel pipe flow guiding system includes an outer steel pipe 1 and an inner perforated steel pipe 2 nested inside the outer steel pipe 1. The pipe wall of the inner perforated steel pipe 2 has a spiral flow guiding hole 2-1 opened along the axial direction. A rotatable sleeve 3 is nested inside the inner perforated steel pipe 2. The surface of the rotatable sleeve 3 is provided with a supplementary hole 3-1 that matches the spiral flow guiding hole 2-1. The outer steel pipe 1 is closed at the top, storing air (density < water), and open at the bottom, allowing waves to enter (density > water), forming a semi-floating state. The outer steel pipe 1 provides support, while the inner perforated steel pipe 2 and the rotatable sleeve 3 form a flow channel. Spiral guide holes 2-1 are opened axially, with the diameter gradually increasing from the wave-facing end to the wave-repelling end, allowing water to naturally seep in during wave impact. The supplementary holes 3-1 of the rotatable sleeve 3 dynamically match the spiral guide holes, adjusting the flow area and controlling the water flow path by changing the opening ratio through rotation. Wave energy enters the interior through the spiral channels, forming vortices to dissipate energy.

[0019] The device is suitable for shallow water areas where wave energy is concentrated at the bottom. The spiral guide hole 2-1 of the inner perforated steel pipe 2 and the filler hole 3-1 of the rotatable sleeve 3 need to cover the wave-dissipating zone corresponding to the draft of the float. Therefore, the opening length of the spiral guide hole 2-1 of the inner perforated steel pipe 2 and the filler hole 3-1 of the rotatable sleeve 3 must be greater than or equal to the draft. For example, it can be 1 / 3 of the length of the outer steel pipe 1.

[0020] The number of floating structure groups and the number of double-layer steel pipe diversion systems in each group of floating structure can be determined according to actual needs. After determination, the number of double-layer steel pipe diversion systems in each group and / or the number of floating structure groups can be increased to splice them together, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting a larger sea area.

[0021] In some embodiments, the overlap between the filler hole 3-1 and the spiral guide hole 2-1 is adjusted by the following formula: ; In the formula, S represents the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. The average diameter of the spiral guide holes is represented by N, and the total number of spiral guide holes is represented by N. The drive mechanism drives the rotatable sleeve 3 to rotate based on the overlapping area.

[0022] In the formula for adjusting the overlap between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole, the wave incident angle... The real-time angle between the wave incident direction and the axis of the floating structure reflects the dynamic change in the wave impact direction; the average diameter of the spiral guide hole. The average aperture of the spiral guide holes distributed axially is determined by a combination of the steel pipe diameter and wave energy level; N represents the total number of spiral guide holes in a single double-layer steel pipe guide system. (The last part, "when the wave incident angle...", appears to be an error and is left untranslated.) When changes occur, the controller calculates the required overlapping area S according to the formula, and the drive mechanism rotates the rotatable sleeve to match the overlapping area of ​​the filling hole and the spiral guide hole with the calculated value S. This design allows the intensity and distribution of the spiral vortex to adaptively adjust with the wave incident angle when water flows through the double-layer steel pipe guide system, thereby optimizing the energy dissipation path. The spiral angle of the spiral guide hole and the rotation direction of the filling hole are designed in synergy to ensure the linear change characteristics of the orifice opening area when the sleeve rotates.

[0023] Anchoring component 4 is connected to the bottom of the floating structure via an anchor chain; Control component 5 includes a sensor array, a controller, and an air pump array; The sensor array is connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the air pump array and the drive mechanism of the rotatable sleeve 3.

[0024] In some implementations, the controller is configured to calculate the target tilt angle based on the following formula and control the tilt angle of the floating structure: ; In the formula, R represents the target tilt angle, R represents the ratio of the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole, and H represents the wave height. D represents the bottom current velocity, and D represents the draft of the floating structure. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. Indicates the water flow resistance coefficient. This represents the incident angle correction factor; in, S 实际 S represents the actual overlapping area between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. 最大 This indicates the maximum overlapping area when the filler hole and the spiral guide hole are perfectly aligned.

[0025] Target tilt angle The calculation formula combines wave height H and bottom flow velocity. The formula incorporates the coupling relationship between multiple parameters, including draft (D). The numerator reflects the correlation between wave energy input and the overlapping area ratio (R), while the denominator characterizes the combined effects of water flow resistance and incident angle correction on the floating structure. The controller dynamically calculates the target tilt angle based on real-time acquired wave parameters. The system then outputs commands to the air pump array. The air pump array injects or expels air into the independent air chambers on either side of the floating structure, altering the buoyancy difference and thus driving the entire floating structure to tilt to the target angle. When the actual tilt angle differs from the target tilt angle... When deviations occur, the controller continuously adjusts the air pump output through a closed-loop feedback mechanism to ensure that the floating structure is always in the optimal wave-damping posture. The dynamic adjustment of the tilt angle allows the wave-facing surface of the floating structure to form the optimal angle with the wave propagation direction, which can both weaken the frontal impact of the waves and guide the water flow into the guide hole efficiently.

[0026] In the air-to-water ratio regulation of the air pump array, the output flow rate of each air pump unit is controlled by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to regulate the opening time ratio of the solenoid valves. The controller converts the calculated required output flow rate Qfronting on the wave-facing side into a corresponding PWM duty cycle signal, driving the solenoid valves to open and close at the appropriate frequency, thereby precisely controlling the volume of air injected into the air chamber per unit time. Changes in the water level inside the air chamber are monitored in real time by a level sensor and fed back to the controller. The controller adjusts the PWM duty cycle based on the water level signal to ensure that the air-to-water ratio inside the air chamber matches the target value. This closed-loop regulation method guarantees the accuracy and response speed of the air-to-water ratio regulation.

[0027] Air-to-water ratio control refers to the precise control of the ratio of air volume to water volume within the air chamber, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the buoyancy distribution of the floating structure. The following example, using one control cycle, illustrates the complete process of air-to-water ratio control: Step 1: Obtain the current air-water ratio. The liquid level sensor in each air chamber continuously monitors the water-air interface height h. The cross-sectional area A of the air chamber is a known parameter. The current air volume Vair = A × (Hh) and the water volume V water=A×h, where H is the total height of the air pod. Current air-to-water ratio R current =V air / V water .

[0028] Step 2: Calculate the target air-water ratio. Based on the target tilt angle and wave parameters, the controller uses a formula to calculate the required target output flow rate Q on the wave-facing side. 迎浪 Q 迎浪 Convert to target gas-water ratio R target The transformation relation is: R target =R current +(Q_Wave-Facing × Δt) / V water , where Δt is the duration of the control cycle.

[0029] Step 3: Perform the inflation / deflation operation. The controller calculates R. target With R current The difference ΔR is calculated. If ΔR > 0, it indicates that the air volume needs to be increased. The controller controls the solenoid valve to switch to the inflation position, and the air pump operates in PWM mode to inject air into the air chamber. If ΔR < 0, it indicates that the air volume needs to be reduced. The controller controls the solenoid valve to switch to the evacuation position, and the air pump evacuates the air from the air chamber. The PWM duty cycle is automatically calculated by the PID algorithm based on the magnitude of ΔR.

[0030] Step 4: Real-time Feedback Correction. During the charging / evacuation process, the liquid level sensor continuously monitors the liquid level change, and the controller calculates the current gas-water ratio in real time and compares it with the target value. When the actual gas-water ratio reaches within ±2% of the target value, the controller closes the solenoid valve to stop the charging / evacuation operation, completing this gas-water ratio adjustment. The above process is repeated in each control cycle to achieve continuous dynamic adjustment of the gas-water ratio.

[0031] In some implementations, the air-to-water ratio adjustment of the air pump array satisfies the following formula: ; In the formula, Q 迎浪 K1 represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, K2 represents the dynamic proportional coefficient, K3 represents the wave height change sensitivity coefficient, and K4 represents the velocity-incident angle coupling coefficient. It represents the change in wave height per unit time.

[0032] The air pump array comprises multiple independently controlled air pump units, each connected to independent air chambers on either side of the floating structure via air pipes. Each independent air chamber is located on the wave-facing and wave-avoiding sides of the floating structure, with a diaphragm separating air from water inside. The controller uses a set of solenoid valves to control the start / stop and output flow of each air pump unit, injecting or expelling air into or from the wave-facing or wave-avoiding air chambers, thus changing the inflation volume of the air chambers and consequently altering the buoyancy on both sides. When the inflation volume of the wave-facing air chamber increases, the buoyancy on the wave-facing side increases, causing the wave-facing end of the floating structure to rise; conversely, when the inflation volume of the wave-avoiding air chamber increases, the buoyancy on the wave-avoiding side increases, causing the wave-avoiding end of the floating structure to rise. By adjusting the difference in buoyancy between the two sides, the overall tilt angle of the floating structure can be controlled.

[0033] The sensor array includes tilt sensors installed near the center of gravity of the floating structure to detect the actual tilt angle of the floating structure in real time. The controller receives the actual tilt angle from the tilt sensors, compares it with the target tilt angle, and uses a PID closed-loop control algorithm to adjust the output flow of each air pump unit until the actual tilt angle reaches the target tilt angle. When changes in wave parameters cause a change in the target tilt angle, the controller repeats the above adjustment process to dynamically maintain the optimal wave-damping attitude of the floating structure.

[0034] The flow regulation formula for the air pump array includes three control elements: the first element This constitutes the proportional control mechanism, where the dynamic proportional coefficient K1 adjusts the control intensity in real time based on the incident angle and flow velocity; the second item Introducing wave height change rate feedback, the air pump output is increased in advance to cope with sudden load changes when the wave height increases rapidly; the third item The coupling effect between flow velocity and incident angle is enhanced to improve control response sensitivity under oblique flow conditions. The air pump array employs a redundant parallel design, with each pump unit equipped with an independent solenoid valve and pressure sensor. When a pump failure is detected, a backup unit can be automatically switched to. During air-water ratio adjustment, the controller synchronously monitors changes in the center of gravity of the floating structure and optimizes the air pump output combination through a torque balance algorithm to prevent structural instability caused by excessive inflation on one side. This multi-parameter collaborative control strategy enables the floating structure to maintain precise attitude adjustment capabilities even under complex sea conditions.

[0035] In this embodiment, independent air chambers are provided on both sides of the floating structure. Specifically, the upper closed end of the outer steel pipe of each double-layer steel pipe guiding system is divided into a wave-facing air chamber and a wave-avoiding air chamber by a partition. Each air chamber is a sealed cavity and is connected to an air pump array through an inlet / outlet pipe. The air pump array consists of multiple miniature air compressors, each corresponding to an independent air chamber and equipped with an electromagnetic reversing valve, enabling bidirectional operation of inflating or deflating the air chamber. The specific implementation process of tilt angle control is as follows: (1) Inflation increases buoyancy: When the controller sends an inflation command to the air pump unit on the wave-facing side, the electromagnetic reversing valve switches to the inflation position, and the air pump compresses the outside air and injects it into the wave-facing air chamber. The air volume in the air chamber increases, and the drainage volume increases accordingly. According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyancy on the wave-facing side increases, and the wave-facing end floats upward.

[0036] (2) Air extraction to reduce buoyancy: When the controller sends an air extraction command to the air pump unit on the wave-facing side, the electromagnetic reversing valve switches to the air extraction position, and the air pump extracts the air from the air chamber on the wave-facing side and discharges it into the atmosphere. The air volume in the air chamber decreases, the drainage volume decreases accordingly, the buoyancy on the wave-facing side decreases, and the wave-facing end sinks downward.

[0037] (3) Dual-sided coordinated control: The controller synchronously adjusts the output of the air pumps on the wave-facing side and the back-wave side according to the difference between the target tilt angle and the actual tilt angle. For example, when the floating structure needs to tilt to the back-wave side, the controller increases the inflation volume of the air chamber on the wave-facing side (increases the buoyancy on the wave-facing side) while decreasing the inflation volume of the air chamber on the back-wave side (decreases the buoyancy on the back-wave side). The torque generated by the difference in buoyancy on both sides drives the floating structure to rotate around its horizontal axis until the target tilt angle is reached.

[0038] (4) Closed-loop feedback control: An tilt sensor (such as a MEMS gyroscope or an electrolyte tilt sensor) is installed on the floating structure to detect the actual tilt angle of the floating structure in real time and feed the data back to the controller. The controller uses a PID control algorithm to calculate the deviation between the actual tilt angle and the target tilt angle, and dynamically adjusts the PWM duty cycle of each air pump unit to achieve precise closed-loop control of the tilt angle. When external wave disturbances cause the tilt angle to deviate from the target value, the controller automatically compensates and adjusts to maintain a stable tilt attitude.

[0039] The change in the center of gravity of the floating structure can be detected in the following way: Triaxial accelerometers are arranged at multiple preset positions on the floating structure, and each sensor transmits the detected acceleration data to the controller. The controller calculates the current center of gravity position of the floating structure in real time using the center of gravity calculation formula in rigid body dynamics, based on the position coordinates of each sensor and the acceleration data. Specifically, let the position vector of the i-th sensor be rᵢ, the detected acceleration vector be aᵢ, and the sensor mass be mᵢ. Then, the center of gravity position R of the floating structure satisfies the static moment equilibrium relationship: The controller compares the real-time calculated center of gravity position with the preset safe center of gravity range. When the center of gravity offset exceeds the safe threshold, the controller adjusts the air pump output combination to restore the center of gravity to the safe range, avoiding structural instability due to excessive center of gravity offset.

[0040] Multiple triaxial accelerometers are deployed at key nodes of the floating structure. Specifically, one triaxial accelerometer is installed at the top of the wave-facing end, the top of the wave-avoiding end, and the middle of each double-layer steel pipe guide system. Each sensor is connected to the controller via I2C or SPI bus, transmitting acceleration data in real time at a sampling frequency of 100Hz. After receiving the triaxial acceleration components from each sensor, the controller calculates the real-time center of gravity position using the center of gravity calculation method in rigid body kinematics. The specific process is as follows: Suppose that there are n acceleration sensors mounted on the floating structure, and the coordinates of the i-th sensor in the floating coordinate system are (x, y, y). i , y i , z i The detected acceleration vector is a. i = (a ix , a iy , a iz The motion of the floating structure under wave action can be decomposed into translational acceleration a0 and angular acceleration α about its center of gravity. According to rigid body kinematics, the acceleration at the i-th sensor satisfies: a i = a0 + α × r i + ω × (ω × r i ) Where r i Let ω be the position vector of the sensor relative to the center of gravity, and ω be the angular velocity, which can be directly measured by a gyroscope. Solving the above equations using the least squares method yields the real-time position of the center of gravity in the floating body coordinate system. The controller compares the real-time calculated center of gravity position with a preset safety range. The safety range is defined as a spherical region with the geometric center of the floating body structure as the origin and a radius equal to 15% of the floating body width. When the center of gravity offset exceeds the safety threshold, the controller issues a warning signal and automatically adjusts the inflation distribution of each air chamber to restore the center of gravity to the safety range.

[0041] In some embodiments, the dynamic scaling factor K1 can be expressed by the formula Calculate, where v represents the bottom layer velocity; This indicates the angle of wave incidence.

[0042] The wave height change sensitivity coefficient K2 reflects the instantaneous change in wave height. The sensitivity to air pump flow rate can be calibrated by high-frequency wave group (e.g., wave height change ≥ 0.5 m / s) impact test to obtain specific values ​​(generally K2=0.05).

[0043] The velocity-incident angle coupling coefficient K3 is determined by the oblique flow ( The lateral force compensation requirement generated by (≠0°) is determined by experimental calibration. For example, the value range is: K3∈[0.01, 0.03].

[0044] This application also conducted comparative tests to compare the wave-breaking effect of the semi-floating inclined breakwater device of this application with that of a device that only has an outer steel pipe and an inner perforated steel pipe, without a rotatable sleeve and a hole-filling structure.

[0045] The test scenario was a typical shallow water area (8m depth, 6s wave period), and parameters were calculated based on the formulas in the document. Wave parameters were assumed to be taken from sensor array data: wave height H: 2.0m (representing moderate sea state); bottom current velocity v: 1.2m / s; wave incidence angle θcurrent: 30° (common oblique waves); sediment concentration Csediment: 150 mg / L (threshold Cthreshold = 100mg / L, sediment influence factor β = 0.05); other parameters: float draft D = 5m, water flow resistance coefficient Cd = 0.8, incidence angle correction factor k = 0.2, average diameter of the spiral guide hole davg = 0.1m, number of holes N = 50.

[0046] The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that under the same conditions, this application improves the wave-damping effect by 27 percentage points (92% vs. 65%), meaning a 77% reduction in transmitted wave height (0.16m vs. 0.70m), significantly enhancing the port's protective stability. In silty environments, this application automatically adjusts the flow rate to prevent siltation; conventional structures require manual maintenance.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] In some embodiments, the anchoring assembly 4 includes a split multi-claw anchor block and a multi-directional articulated anchor chain, the multi-directional articulated anchor chain being connected to the controller via a tension sensor.

[0049] For example, the split-type multi-claw anchor block consists of three independent claws, each with claw teeth arranged radially on a curved surface. The claws are connected by elastic connectors to form a flexible linkage structure. The multi-directional articulated anchor chain includes a universal joint and a hydraulic damper. The universal joint allows the anchor chain to deflect freely in three-dimensional space, and the hydraulic damper controls the swing amplitude of the anchor chain by adjusting the internal oil pressure. A tension sensor is integrated at the connection between the anchor chain and the floating structure, monitoring the anchor chain tension vector data in real time and uploading it to the controller. When the tension in a certain direction exceeds the safety threshold, the controller automatically adjusts the output parameters of the air pump array, reducing the anchor chain load by changing the draft of the floating structure. The gripping force distribution characteristics of the split-type multi-claw anchor block combined with the flexible buffering characteristics of the multi-directional articulated anchor chain can adapt to changes in seabed topography and effectively suppress the horizontal displacement of the floating structure.

[0050] In some embodiments, the diameter of the spiral guide hole 2-1 gradually increases from the wave-facing end to the wave-avoiding end, and the inner and outer edges of the spiral guide hole 2-1 are provided with rounded chamfers.

[0051] The diameter of the spiral guide hole 2-1 exhibits a gradient change along the axial direction, with a smaller diameter at the wave-facing end to mitigate the initial water flow impact, and a gradually increasing diameter at the wave-avoiding end to accelerate water flow diffusion. Both the inner and outer edges of the guide hole are treated with a rounded chamfer, with the radius of the chamfer directly proportional to the diameter. This design creates an alternating state of laminar and turbulent flow as the water passes through the guide hole, enhancing energy dissipation efficiency. The gradient change in diameter also generates a pressure gradient effect, guiding the water flow to form a self-reinforcing spiral motion inside the steel pipe. The rounded chamfer structure effectively reduces the shear stress of the water flow at the orifice, decreasing the probability of cavitation. The spiral helix angle of the guide hole is optimized based on the wave phase difference along the length of the floating structure, ensuring that the vortex fields generated by adjacent guide holes form a continuous energy dissipation zone.

[0052] In some implementations, the control method of the controller includes: When the sediment concentration sensor detects the sediment concentration at the bottom of the floating structure Greater than the preset sediment concentration threshold At this time, the controller increases the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side of the air pump array and adjusts the amount. for: ; In the formula, Q 迎浪 β represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, and β represents the sediment influence factor.

[0053] A sediment concentration sensor is positioned at the outlet area of ​​the flow guide hole at the bottom of the floating structure to monitor the suspended particulate matter content in the water in real time. When the sediment concentration exceeds a preset threshold, the controller activates the anti-siltation control mode. (Adjustment amount) In the calculation formula, β is an empirical coefficient related to the geological characteristics of the sea area, which is dynamically updated based on historical sedimentation data using a machine learning algorithm. Increase the output flow rate Q of the wave-facing air pump. 迎浪 Subsequently, the draft at the wave-facing end of the floating structure decreases, and the increased water velocity at the bottom creates a scouring effect, preventing sediment from depositing near the guide holes. Simultaneously, the controller, in conjunction with the drive mechanism, accelerates the rotation frequency of the rotatable sleeve 3, generating pulsed water flow disturbances by periodically changing the opening of the guide holes. This active anti-siltation mechanism significantly extends the continuous operating time of the device in near-shore turbid waters.

[0054] The rotatable sleeve 3, nested within a double-layer steel pipe flow guiding system, achieves dynamic adjustment and precise dissipation of wave energy. The rotatable sleeve 3, through a matching design between surface filler holes 3-1 and the inner perforated steel pipe 2's spiral flow guiding holes 2-1, rotates under the control of a drive mechanism, changing the effective flow area of ​​the guiding holes in real time, thereby regulating the water flow path and velocity. When the wave incident angle changes, the rotation of the sleeve dynamically adjusts the overlap between the filler holes 3-1 and the spiral flow guiding holes 2-1, forming a variable spiral vortex channel inside the steel pipe. This enhances the interference with the reciprocating motion of bottom water particles, significantly improving energy dissipation efficiency, especially considering the characteristic of wave energy concentration at the bottom in shallow water areas. Simultaneously, the mechanical linkage structure of the rotatable sleeve 3 works in synergy with the control component 5. A sensor array senses wave parameters in real time, and the controller synchronously adjusts the sleeve rotation angle and the air-water ratio of the air pump array. This allows the floating structure to maintain semi-floating stability while achieving three-dimensional dissipation of wave energy through the dynamic aperture changes of the flow guiding system. This structure breaks through the limitations of traditional floating breakwaters that passively dissipate waves. Through the active control mechanism of the rotatable sleeve 3, it effectively solves the technical problem of the mismatch between the wave energy distribution characteristics and the wave dissipation requirements in shallow water areas.

[0055] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the complete workflow of the present invention, the overall working mechanism between the components is described below: Initial state: The floating structure is fixed to the designated sea area by anchoring components, the lower end of the outer steel pipe is open and submerged in water, and a certain amount of air is pre-filled in the upper air chamber, so that the floating structure is in a semi-floating state (partially submerged in water).

[0056] Real-time monitoring phase: The sensor array continuously collects wave parameters (wave incident angle θcurrent, wave height H, bottom flow velocity v, sediment concentration Csediment, etc.), while the tilt sensor detects the real-time tilt angle of the floating structure, and the acceleration sensor and liquid level sensor provide data on the center of gravity position and air-water ratio, respectively.

[0057] Calculation and decision-making phase: The controller receives the above sensor data and performs calculations according to a preset algorithm: According to the wave incident angle θ current Calculate the overlapping area S and the overlapping area ratio R between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole; The target tilt angle θ is calculated based on parameters such as wave height H, bottom current velocity v, draft D, and overlap area ratio R. target ; Based on the target tilt angle θ target Calculate the required output flow rate for each air pump unit based on the deviation from the current actual tilt angle; Determine whether to activate the anti-siltation mode based on sediment concentration monitoring results; During the adjustment phase: the controller sends commands to the drive mechanism and the air pump array; The drive mechanism drives the rotatable sleeve to rotate, so that the overlapping area of ​​the filling hole and the spiral guide hole reaches the calculated value S; The air pump array inflates or deflates each air chamber according to the calculated flow rate, changing the buoyancy distribution and driving the floating structure to tilt to the target angle. The tilt sensor continuously provides feedback on the actual tilt angle, and the controller performs PID closed-loop correction.

[0058] Stable Maintenance Phase: Once the floating structure reaches the target tilt angle, the controller switches to maintenance mode. In this mode, the controller reduces the sensor sampling frequency to conserve energy, but continues to monitor changes in wave parameters. When the changes in wave parameters exceed a preset threshold, the controller re-enters the calculation and decision-making phase, updating the target tilt angle and the orifice opening to achieve dynamic adaptive adjustment.

[0059] Through the closed-loop collaborative working mechanism of the sensor-controller-actuator described above, the present invention achieves active real-time optimization of wave energy dissipation effect, significantly improving the wave dissipation performance in shallow water areas.

[0060] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling a semi-floating inclined breakwater, which is implemented based on a semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to any of the above claims, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The control method includes the following steps: Step S1: Acquire wave parameters in real time through a sensor array. Wave parameters include wave incident angle, wave height, bottom flow velocity, and sediment concentration. Step S2: Calculate the target tilt angle based on the wave parameters. Step S3: Adjust the air-water ratio of the air pump array according to the target tilt angle to control the semi-floating tilted breakwater.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A semi-floating inclined breakwater device, characterized in that, Includes floating structure, anchoring components (4) and control components (5); The device includes several sets of floating structures; each set of floating structures is composed of multiple double-layer steel pipe flow guiding systems connected in a movable manner. The double-layer steel pipe flow guiding system includes an outer steel pipe (1) and an inner perforated steel pipe (2) nested inside the outer steel pipe (1). The inner perforated steel pipe (2) has a spiral flow guiding hole (2-1) opened along the axial direction on its pipe wall. A rotatable sleeve (3) is nested inside the inner perforated steel pipe (2). The surface of the rotatable sleeve (3) is provided with a supplementary hole (3-1) that matches the spiral flow guiding hole (2-1). The anchoring assembly (4) is connected to the bottom of the floating structure via an anchor chain; The control component (5) includes a sensor array, a controller, and an air pump array; The sensor array is connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the drive mechanism of the air pump array and the rotatable sleeve (3).

2. The semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overlap between the filler hole (3-1) and the spiral guide hole (2-1) is adjusted by the following formula: ； In the formula, S represents the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. The average diameter of the spiral guide holes is represented by N, and the total number of spiral guide holes is represented by N. The driving mechanism drives the rotatable sleeve (3) to rotate according to the overlapping area.

3. The semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is configured to calculate the target tilt angle based on the following formula in order to control the tilt angle of the floating structure: ； In the formula, R represents the target tilt angle, R represents the ratio of the overlapping area of ​​the filler hole and the spiral guide hole, and H represents the wave height. D represents the bottom current velocity, and D represents the draft of the floating structure. Indicates the angle of wave incidence. Indicates the water flow resistance coefficient. This represents the incident angle correction factor; in, S 实际 S represents the actual overlapping area between the filler hole and the spiral guide hole. 最大 This indicates the maximum overlapping area when the filler hole and the spiral guide hole are perfectly aligned.

4. A semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air-to-water ratio adjustment of the air pump array satisfies the following formula: ； In the formula, Q 迎浪 K1 represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, K2 represents the dynamic proportional coefficient, K3 represents the wave height change sensitivity coefficient, and K4 represents the velocity-incident angle coupling coefficient. It represents the change in wave height per unit time.

5. A semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring assembly (4) includes a split multi-claw anchor block and a multi-directional hinged anchor chain, the multi-directional hinged anchor chain being connected to the controller via a tension sensor.

6. A semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the spiral guide hole (2-1) gradually increases from the wave-facing end to the wave-repelling end, and the inner and outer edges of the spiral guide hole (2-1) are provided with rounded chamfers.

7. A semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control method of the controller includes: When the sediment concentration sensor detects the sediment concentration at the bottom of the floating structure Greater than the preset sediment concentration threshold At that time, the controller increases the output flow rate of the wave-facing air pump in the air pump array, and adjusts the amount. for: ； In the formula, Q 迎浪 β represents the output flow rate of the air pump on the wave-facing side, and β represents the sediment influence factor.

8. A method for controlling a semi-floating inclined breakwater, implemented based on a semi-floating inclined breakwater device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The control method includes the following steps: Step S1: Acquire wave parameters in real time through a sensor array, including wave incident angle, wave height, bottom flow velocity, and sediment concentration; Step S2: Calculate the target tilt angle based on the wave parameters; Step S3: Adjust the air-water ratio of the air pump array according to the target tilt angle to control the semi-floating tilted breakwater.

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