Civil foundation pit earthwork excavation construction setting-out calibration device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wire marking devices, in particular to a civil foundation pit earthwork excavation construction wire marking calibration device, which provides a civil foundation pit earthwork excavation construction wire marking calibration device, which comprises an operation table, a plurality of line markers are arranged at the upper end of the operation table, the line markers comprise two movable line markers and one fixed line marker, telescopic mechanisms are arranged at the two sides of the operation table, the two movable line markers are both installed on the corresponding telescopic mechanisms, when the moving wheels rotate, the telescopic mechanisms can be expanded and moved to the outside, a transmission assembly is further arranged at the upper end of the operation table, the transmission assembly comprises movable friction wheels, when the friction wheels move, the moving speed of the telescopic mechanisms expanding to the outside can be adjusted, the transmission assembly further comprises movable movable shafts, when the movable shafts move, the telescopic mechanisms can be fixed at specified positions; the device can realize multi-line synchronous line marking operation, the calibration of multiple marks can be simultaneously completed in single construction, and the construction efficiency of foundation pit wire marking is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of setting-out devices, and in particular to a setting-out and calibration device for civil engineering foundation pit and trench excavation. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of excavation of foundation pits for civil engineering, setting out and marking is the core procedure for controlling the excavation boundary, excavation depth and slope gradient of the foundation pit, which directly determines the positional accuracy and forming quality of the foundation pit excavation. Currently used conventional line marking devices have many shortcomings in practical applications: Traditional line marking devices can only draw a single line in a single operation. When multiple sets of lines, such as parallel excavation lines and layered control lines, are required for foundation pit construction, the device needs to be moved repeatedly and the line needs to be repositioned repeatedly. This is not only cumbersome and inefficient, but also prone to cumulative errors due to multiple positioning, reducing the overall accuracy of the line marking. At the same time, existing line marking devices have relatively limited functions, mostly supporting only the drawing of straight lines. When dealing with the line marking requirements of special line types such as foundation pit slope lines and corner arc lines, additional tools are needed to complete the line marking manually, which is difficult to operate and the line quality is hard to guarantee. In addition, the marking interval of traditional devices cannot be flexibly adjusted according to construction needs. For foundation pit line marking operations of different scales and design parameters, it is often necessary to change to different specifications of equipment. The device has poor versatility, which increases the equipment cost and on-site debugging time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and layout marking device that enables simultaneous multi-line marking operations. Multiple marking lines can be marked in a single construction operation, eliminating the tedious process of repeated positioning and layout using traditional devices, significantly improving the construction efficiency of foundation pit layout, and effectively solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is as follows: A civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device includes an operating platform with movable wheels at both ends. Multiple marking devices are mounted on the upper part of the operating platform, including two movable marking devices and one fixed marking device. Telescopic mechanisms are located on both sides of the operating platform, with each movable marking device mounted on its corresponding telescopic mechanism. When the movable wheels rotate, the telescopic mechanisms can extend outwards. A transmission assembly is also provided on the upper part of the operating platform. The transmission assembly includes movable friction wheels, which adjust the outward extension speed of the telescopic mechanisms as the friction wheels move. The transmission assembly also includes a movable shaft, which fixes the telescopic mechanisms in a designated position as the movable shaft moves.

[0005] The telescopic mechanism includes scissor-type telescopic frames. Each of the two scissor-type telescopic frames has a long connecting plate at its outer end. The movable marking device is fixed to the long connecting plate. The inner wall of the operating table has two movable square sliders. The inner wall of the long connecting plate is slidably connected to a secondary slider. One side of the inner end of each scissor-type telescopic frame is hinged to the operating table, and the other side of the inner end of each scissor-type telescopic frame is hinged to the corresponding square slider. One side of the outer end of each scissor-type telescopic frame is hinged to the long connecting plate, and the other side of the outer end of each scissor-type telescopic frame is hinged to the corresponding secondary slider.

[0006] The upper end of the operating platform is provided with a friction disc that can rotate and cooperate with the friction wheel. The upper end of the operating platform is provided with a long rotating shaft, and the friction wheel is slidably connected to the outer surface of the long rotating shaft. The upper end of the operating platform is also provided with a first threaded rod that can rotate. A key-shaped seat is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod, and the friction wheel is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the key-shaped seat.

[0007] Two driving pulleys are fixed to the front end of the outer surface of the long rotating shaft. Driven pulleys are rotatably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating platform. The driving pulleys and driven pulleys are connected by a belt. Switching seats are slidably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating platform. Movable shafts are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the switching seats. Second threaded rods are also rotatably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating platform. The inner wall of the driven pulleys is provided with a connecting shaft. The inner walls of the connecting shafts and the second threaded rods are provided with spline grooves that cooperate with the movable shafts.

[0008] Square sleeves are also provided on both sides of the upper end of the operating platform. The inner wall of each square sleeve is provided with an incomplete thread block that mates with the second threaded rod.

[0009] Both sides of the front end of the square sleeve are provided with T-shaped seats. Both T-shaped seats are hinged to the outer end faces of the two T-shaped seats and can swing up and down. The incomplete threaded blocks are slidably connected to the inner wall of the square sleeve. Both sides of the incomplete threaded blocks are provided with short pins. The inner wall of the swing rod is provided with long keyways that cooperate with the short pins.

[0010] Each of the swing arms is rotatably connected to a first pull pin, and each of the T-shaped seats is slidably connected to a small slider that can move up and down. Each of the small sliders is rotatably connected to a second pull pin, and a tension spring is provided between the first pull pin and the second pull pin.

[0011] The inner wall of the second pull pin is rotatably connected with a movable pin, and the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the operating table are provided with multiple first wedge plates and second wedge plates that cooperate with the movable pins.

[0012] The first wedge plate and the second wedge plate are slidably connected to the upper surface of the operating table. The first wedge plate and the second wedge plate are both equipped with locking components. The locking components include an arched seat. The inner wall of the arched seat is slidably connected with a pin. A spring washer is fixed to the outer surface of the pin. A first spring that cooperates with the spring washer is sleeved on the outer surface of the pin. The upper surface of the operating table is provided with multiple slots that cooperate with the pin.

[0013] The inner wall of the operating table is provided with multiple long guide rods, and the square sliders are all slidably connected to the outer surface of the corresponding long guide rods. The outer surface of each long guide rod is also fitted with a long spring that cooperates with the square slider.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: When using the domestically produced foundation pit excavation and layout marking device, first, according to the layout dimensions, marking interval requirements, and preset stroke of the foundation pit, pull the pull ring upwards to move the pin upwards and disengage it from the slot on the operating table surface. Adjust the front and rear positions of the first and second wedge plates on the upper part of the operating table accordingly. After adjusting to the target position, release the pull ring. The first spring pushes the spring pad and pin downwards to reset and engage with the corresponding slot, completing the wedge plate position locking. This presets the reciprocating stroke and start and end points of the square slider and square sleeve. Next, according to the line type requirements of the marking, rotate the first handle to rotate the first threaded rod. The friction wheel is driven to move axially along the long rotating shaft by the threaded transmission of the key seat, changing the contact radius and transmission ratio between the friction wheel and the friction disc, thus completing the pre-adjustment of the lateral movement speed of the scribing. If multiple parallel straight lines need to be drawn, first move the switching seats on both sides forward, causing the movable shaft to slide forward along the spline groove of the second threaded rod, so that the movable shaft disengages from the spline groove of the inner connecting shaft of the driven pulley. At the same time, adjust the lateral spacing of the two movable scribing devices. After adjustment, the incomplete threaded block and the second threaded rod maintain a self-locking state of thread engagement, so that the scissor telescopic frame and the movable scribing device are stably maintained in the specified lateral direction. Position the device, then hold the handle and push it to move it in a straight line along the preset path of the foundation pit. During the movement, the rear wheel rotates synchronously, and the paint bucket continuously supplies painting paint to the fixed marking device and the moving marking devices on both sides. Each marking device simultaneously lays down the marking line on the foundation pit surface, completing the marking of multiple parallel straight lines in one go. If it is necessary to draw oblique lines or arc marking lines, keep the spline grooves of the movable shaft and the connecting shaft in a meshed state. While pushing the device to move in a straight line, the rear wheel rotates, driving the coaxial first bevel gear to rotate synchronously. The first bevel gear drives the upper second bevel gear and the friction disc to rotate through meshing transmission. The friction disc rubs against the end face. The transmission drives the friction wheel to rotate synchronously with the long rotating shaft. The two driving pulleys at the front end of the long rotating shaft drive the driven pulleys and connecting shaft on both sides to rotate through belts. The connecting shaft drives the movable shaft and the second threaded rod to rotate synchronously through spline engagement. The second threaded rod drives the square sleeve and square slider to move forward along the long guide rod through the threaded transmission with the incomplete threaded block. When the square slider moves forward, it drives the scissor telescopic frame to gradually unfold outward, driving the long connecting plate and the moving line marker to move smoothly outward. This allows the moving line marker to generate continuous lateral displacement while the device moves in a straight line, thereby drawing uniform oblique lines or arc-shaped markings on the pit surface.When the square sleeve moves forward to the preset front end position, the front end of the live pin contacts the inclined surface of the first wedge plate. As the square sleeve continues to move forward, the live pin moves up along the inclined surface of the first wedge plate, causing the small slider and the second pull pin to move up synchronously along the inner wall of the T-shaped seat. When the small slider and the second pull pin move up to the flip point, the direction of the tension spring reverses, instantly driving the swing arm to swing upward. The swing arm, through the engagement of the long keyway and the short pin on the inner wall, drives the incomplete thread block to slide upward along the inner wall of the square sleeve, causing the incomplete thread block to disengage from the second thread rod. At this time, the elastic force of the long spring... The square slider, square sleeve, and incomplete threaded block are pushed to move rapidly backward along the long guide rod to reset, causing the scissor-type telescopic frame to gradually retract and the moving scribing device to move inward. When the square sleeve moves to the preset reset position, the live pin contacts the inclined surface of the second wedge plate and moves downward along the inclined surface, causing the small slider and the second pull pin to move down along the T-shaped seat to the flipping point. The tension spring flips again, driving the swing arm to swing downward, causing the incomplete threaded block to move down and re-engage with the second threaded rod, completing one full variable pitch scribing cycle. During operation, the handle can be turned to cooperate with the steering mechanism of the front wheel. The device's travel direction can be adjusted to adapt to the routing and cornering requirements of different areas within the foundation pit. It enables simultaneous multi-line marking operations, allowing multiple lines to be marked in a single operation, eliminating the tedious process of repeated positioning and marking using traditional devices, significantly improving the efficiency of foundation pit marking. Simultaneously, it avoids the cumulative errors caused by multiple positioning, ensuring marking accuracy. The marking interval can be flexibly adjusted according to actual on-site construction needs, adapting to the marking requirements of foundation pits of different sizes, different excavation layers, and different slope parameters. The device is highly versatile and requires no frequent equipment replacement. This reduces construction equipment costs; during straight-line operations, it can draw straight lines as well as diagonal lines, and also supports the laying out of curved lines. It meets diverse laying-out needs such as straight boundaries, sloping slopes, and rounded corners of foundation pits without additional auxiliary tools, making it widely applicable and adaptable to the laying-out requirements of complex foundation pits. The overall operation is convenient, with flexible on-site adjustments, effectively shortening the laying-out preparation cycle before foundation pit excavation, ensuring the standardization and accuracy of foundation pit excavation operations, and facilitating the efficient and orderly progress of civil engineering foundation pit construction. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a first isometric drawing of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and calibration device according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a second isometric drawing of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and calibration device according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear wheel installation of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and setting-out device according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the friction disc installation of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and setting-out calibration device according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the first threaded rod of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and marking device according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the second threaded rod of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and marking device according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the movable shaft of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and layout marking device according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a long guide rod for a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and setting-out device according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the square sleeve base of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and setting-out device according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the operating platform of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and layout marking device according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the pin installation of a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and marking device for setting out and marking.

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a scissor-type telescopic frame for a civil engineering foundation pit excavation and marking device according to the present invention.

[0027] Numbering in the diagram: 1-Operating table, 2-Front wheel, 3-Rear wheel, 4-Handle, 5-Paint bucket, 6-First bevel gear, 7-Second bevel gear, 8-Friction disc, 9-Friction wheel, 10-Long rotating shaft, 11-Driving pulley, 12-Key-shaped seat, 13-First threaded rod, 14-First handle, 15-Driven pulley, 16-Connecting shaft, 17-Switching seat, 18-Moving shaft, 19-Second threaded rod, 20-Long guide rod, 21-Long spring, 22-Square slider, 23-Square sleeve, 24-Incomplete Threaded block, 25-short pin, 26-rocker arm, 27-long keyway, 28-first pull pin, 29-tension spring, 30-second pull pin, 31-live pin, 32-small slider, 33-T-shaped seat, 34-first wedge plate, 35-second wedge plate, 36-arch seat, 37-first spring, 38-spring washer, 39-pin, 40-pull ring, 41-scissor telescopic frame, 42-long connecting plate, 43-drive bar, 44-moving scribing device, 45-secondary slider, 46-slot, 47-fixed scribing device. Detailed Implementation

[0028] like Figures 1-12 As shown, the present invention provides a civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device, including an operating platform 1. The operating platform 1 is equipped with movable wheels at both the front and rear ends. The upper end of the operating platform 1 is equipped with multiple marking devices, including two movable marking devices 44 and one fixed marking device 47. Telescopic mechanisms are provided on both sides of the operating platform 1. The two movable marking devices 44 are installed on the corresponding telescopic mechanisms. When the movable wheels rotate, the telescopic mechanisms can be extended and moved outward. The upper end of the operating platform 1 is also equipped with a transmission assembly, which includes a movable friction wheel 9. When the friction wheel 9 moves, it can adjust the outward movement speed of the telescopic mechanism. The transmission assembly also includes a movable shaft 18. When the movable shaft 18 moves, it can fix the telescopic mechanism in a designated position.

[0029] like Figures 1-6As shown, the moving wheels include two front wheels 2 and two rear wheels 3. A handle 4 is also provided on the rear side of the upper end of the operating platform 1, facilitating the movement of the device. A steering mechanism is also provided at the lower end of the two front wheels 2, controlled by the handle 4. When the handle 4 is rotated, it drives the front wheels 2 to deflect, thereby adjusting the direction of movement of the device. The steering mechanism is existing technology and will not be described further. The operating platform 1 is used to support and install components such as the marking device and the telescopic mechanism. A paint bucket 5 is also provided on the front side of the upper end of the operating platform 1, providing paint to the marking device. The fixed marking device 47 is installed in the middle of the operating platform 1, allowing the marking device to mark lines on the pit surface when the device moves. The paint bucket 5 and the marking device are existing technologies. The technology will not be elaborated further; when the device moves, it can drive the rear wheel 3 to rotate, thus enabling the two telescopic mechanisms to extend outwards, i.e., driving the movable line marker 44 to move outwards or inwards; through the provided transmission component, i.e., the movable friction wheel 9, when the device moves linearly at a fixed speed, the fixed line marker 47 can draw straight lines, and the rear wheel 3 rotates at a uniform speed. When the friction wheel 9 moves, it can adjust the speed at which the telescopic mechanism moves outwards or inwards, i.e., the movable line marker 44 can draw diagonal lines or arcs. Through the provided movable shaft 18, when the movable shaft 18 moves, it can fix the telescopic mechanism in a designated position, i.e., when the telescopic mechanism and the movable line marker 44 move... When the outer side extends or retracts to the designated position, the drive shaft 18 moves, fixing the movable line marker 44 in the designated position. This means that when the device moves in a straight line, the movable line marker 44 can draw straight lines. The device can perform multiple line marking operations in a single movement, and the interval between the lines can be adjusted according to actual needs. This device enables simultaneous multi-line marking operations, completing the marking of multiple lines in a single construction phase. This eliminates the tedious process of repeated positioning and line laying in traditional devices, significantly improving the construction efficiency of foundation pit layout while avoiding cumulative errors from multiple positioning, ensuring layout accuracy. The interval between the lines can be flexibly adjusted according to actual on-site construction needs. Adaptable to different sizes of foundation pits, different excavation layers, and different slope parameters, this device is highly versatile, eliminating the need for frequent equipment changes and reducing construction equipment costs. During straight-line operations, it can draw straight lines as well as diagonal lines, and also supports the laying out of curved lines. It meets diverse laying-out needs for foundation pits, including straight boundaries, diagonal slopes, and rounded corners, without the need for additional auxiliary tools. Its wide applicability allows it to handle complex foundation pit laying-out requirements. The overall operation is convenient, with flexible on-site adjustments, effectively shortening the preparation period for foundation pit excavation, ensuring the standardization and accuracy of foundation pit excavation operations, and facilitating the efficient and orderly progress of civil engineering foundation pit construction.

[0030] The telescopic mechanism includes a scissor-type telescopic frame 41. The outer ends of the two scissor-type telescopic frames 41 are provided with long connecting plates 42. The movable marking device 44 is fixedly connected to the long connecting plate 42. The inner wall of the operating table 1 is provided with two movable square sliders 22. The inner wall of the long connecting plate 42 is slidably connected with a secondary slider 45. One side of the inner end of the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 is hinged to the operating table 1, and the other side of the inner end of the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 is hinged to the corresponding square slider 22. One side of the outer end of the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 is hinged to the long connecting plate 42, and the other side of the outer end of the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 is hinged to the corresponding secondary slider 45.

[0031] like Figure 8 and Figure 12 As shown, the square slider 22 can slide back and forth on the inner wall of the operating table 1, and the installation and shape of the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 are as follows. Figure 12 As shown, the auxiliary slider 45 can slide back and forth on the inner wall of the long connecting plate 42. When the square slider 22 moves forward or backward, it can drive the scissor telescopic frame 41 to expand outward or close inward simultaneously. That is, the auxiliary slider 45 can slide back and forth on the inner wall of the long connecting plate 42, and the movable marking device 44 can move inward or outward.

[0032] The upper end of the operating table 1 is provided with a friction disc 8 that can rotate and cooperate with the friction wheel 9. The upper end of the operating table 1 is provided with a long rotating shaft 10. The friction wheel 9 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the long rotating shaft 10. The upper end of the operating table 1 is also provided with a first threaded rod 13 that can rotate. A key seat 12 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod 13. The friction wheel 9 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the key seat 12.

[0033] like Figures 3-5As shown, two rear wheels 3 are rotatably connected to the lower end of the operating platform 1. A first bevel gear 6 is coaxially fixed to the inner side of the two rear wheels 3. A second bevel gear 7 meshes with the upper end of the first bevel gear 6. A friction disc 8 is coaxially fixed to the upper end of the second bevel gear 7, meaning that when the device moves and the rear wheels 3 rotate, the friction disc 8 can be driven to rotate. Two bearing plates are fixed to the upper surface of the operating platform 1. The long rotating shaft 10 and the first threaded rod 13 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the two bearing plates, thus limiting the long rotating shaft 10 and the first threaded rod 13 to only rotate. A first handle 14 is fixed to one side of the outer surface of the first threaded rod 13. The first handle 14 facilitates the rotation of the first threaded rod 13. A motor can also be used to drive the first threaded rod 13 to rotate instead of the first handle 14. The friction wheel 9 and the long rotating shaft 10 are splined connected. When the friction wheel 9 rotates, it can drive the long rotating shaft 10 to rotate, and the friction wheel 9 can also move left and right on the outer surface of the long rotating shaft 10. When the friction disc 8 rotates, it can drive the friction wheel 9 and the long rotating shaft 10 to rotate through contact friction with the friction wheel 9. When the first threaded rod 13 rotates, it can drive the key seat 12 and the friction wheel 9 to move forward or backward through the threaded connection with the key seat 12. When the friction wheel 9 moves forward or backward, it can change the contact position with the friction disc 8. That is, when the rotation speed of the friction disc 8 is fixed, it can change the transmission ratio with the friction wheel 9, so that the friction wheel 9 and the long rotating shaft 10 rotate faster or slower. When the transmission ratio changes, it can control the unfolding or retracting speed of the scissor telescopic frame 41. With the movement of the device, it can perform diagonal or arc-shaped operations.

[0034] Two drive pulleys 11 are fixedly connected to the front end of the outer surface of the long rotating shaft 10. Driven pulleys 15 are rotatably connected to both sides of the upper end of the operating table 1. The drive pulleys 11 and driven pulleys 15 are connected by belts. Switching seats 17 are slidably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating table 1. Movable shafts 18 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the switching seats 17. Second threaded rods 19 are also rotatably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating table 1. The inner wall of the driven pulleys 15 is provided with connecting shafts 16. The inner walls of the connecting shafts 16 and the second threaded rods 19 are provided with spline grooves that cooperate with the movable shafts 18.

[0035] like Figures 5-7As shown, bearing seats are rotatably connected to the outer surface of the connecting shaft 16, and the bottom ends of the bearing seats are fixed to the upper surface of the operating table 1, limiting the driven pulley 15 and the connecting shaft 16 to rotate only. That is, when the long rotating shaft 10 and the driving pulley 11 rotate, they can drive the driven pulley 15 and the connecting shaft 16 to rotate. Chains and sprockets can also be used to replace pulleys for transmission. The switching seat 17 can slide back and forth on the inner wall of the operating table 1. There is a certain friction between the switching seat 17 and the operating table 1, that is, when the switching seat 17 is not driven to move, the switching seat 17, the movable shaft 18, etc. will not move on the upper end of the operating table 1. Bearing seats are rotatably connected to both sides of the outer surface of the second threaded rod 19, and the bottom ends of the bearing seats are fixed to the upper surface of the operating table 1, limiting the second threaded rod 19 to rotate only. The movable shaft 18 is slidably connected back and forth to the inner wall of the spline groove of the second threaded rod 19. By setting the spline groove of the connecting shaft 16 and the movable shaft, With the cooperation of 18, when the switching seat 17 and the movable shaft 18 move forward to the top, the movable shaft 18 can disengage from the spline groove of the connecting shaft 16. When the movable shaft 18 moves backward to the top, the movable shaft 18 can engage with the connecting shaft 16. That is, when the connecting shaft 16 rotates, it can drive the movable shaft 18 and the second threaded rod 19 to rotate. When the second threaded rod 19 rotates, it can drive the scissor telescopic frame 41 to unfold or retract, that is, drive the movable scribing device 44 to move inward or outward. When the movable scribing device 44 needs to draw a straight line at a specified position, after controlling the movable scribing device 44 to move to the specified position, it disengages from the connecting shaft 16 by driving the movable shaft 18 to move forward. At this time, the movable scribing device 44 no longer moves inward or outward. That is, at this time, the movable scribing device 44 is fixed at the specified position. When the device moves, the movable scribing device 44 can perform a straight line drawing operation.

[0036] The upper end of the operating table 1 is also provided with square sleeve seats 23 on both sides, and the inner wall of the square sleeve seats 23 is provided with incomplete threaded blocks 24 that cooperate with the second threaded rod 19.

[0037] like Figures 8-9 As shown, the square sleeve 23 is fixed to the upper surface of the corresponding square slider 22, meaning that the square sleeve 23 can only move back and forth. With the cooperation of the incomplete threaded block 24 and the second threaded rod 19, when the second threaded rod 19 rotates, it can drive the incomplete threaded block 24, the square sleeve 23, the square slider 22, etc. to move forward or backward synchronously, that is, drive the scissor telescopic frame 41 to unfold outward or retract inward. Furthermore, the threaded connection between the second threaded rod 19 and the incomplete threaded block 24 also has a self-locking function, that is, when the second threaded rod 19 does not rotate, the positions of the scissor telescopic frame 41, the movable marking device 44, etc. are fixed, so that the movable marking device 44 can work stably.

[0038] Both sides of the front end of the square sleeve 23 are provided with T-shaped seats 33. Both T-shaped seats 33 are hinged to the outer end faces of the two T-shaped seats 33 and can swing up and down. The incomplete threaded blocks 24 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the square sleeve 23. Both sides of the incomplete threaded blocks 24 are provided with short pins 25. The inner wall of the swing rods 26 is provided with long keyways 27 that cooperate with the short pins 25.

[0039] like Figure 9 As shown, the T-shaped seat 33 is fixed to the front surface of the square sleeve seat 23, and the incomplete threaded block 24 can slide up and down on the inner wall of the square sleeve seat 23. When the rocker arm 26 swings up and down, the short pin 25 and the long keyway 27 can be engaged to drive the short pin 25 and the incomplete threaded block 24 to move up and down. That is, when the incomplete threaded block 24 moves upward, it can disengage from the second threaded rod 19. In other words, when the rocker arm 26 swings up and down, it can control the incomplete threaded block 24 to disengage from or engage with the second threaded rod 19.

[0040] Each of the swing rods 26 is rotatably connected to a first pull pin 28, and each of the inner walls of the T-shaped seat 33 is slidably connected to a small slider 32 that can move up and down. Each of the small sliders 32 is rotatably connected to a second pull pin 30, and a tension spring 29 is provided between the first pull pin 28 and the second pull pin 30.

[0041] like Figure 9 As shown, the small slider 32 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the T-shaped seat 33 and can slide up and down; the tension spring 29 always exerts a pulling force on the first pull pin 28 and the second pull pin 30. Through the first pull pin 28, the second pull pin 30 and the tension spring 29, when the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 move upward, they can drive the front end of the tension spring 29 to move upward. At this time, the length of the tension spring 29 will change. At this time, it will not immediately drive the rocker arm 26 to swing upward. When the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 move upward to the designated position, that is, when they move upward to the upper end of the position collinear with the rocker arm 26, under the pulling force of the tension spring 29, they can drive the rocker arm 26 to swing upward, that is, drive the incomplete threaded block 24 to move upward and disengage from the second threaded rod 19. Similarly, when the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 move downward to the designated position, they can drive the incomplete threaded block 24 to move downward and re-engage with the second threaded rod 19.

[0042] The inner wall of the second pull pin 30 is rotatably connected with a movable pin 31. The front and rear sides of the upper surface of the operating table 1 are provided with a plurality of first wedge plates 34 and second wedge plates 35 that cooperate with the movable pin 31.

[0043] like Figures 10-11As shown, with the cooperation of the first wedge plate 34, the second wedge plate 35, and the live pin 31, the square sleeve 23 and the incomplete threaded block 24 can automatically switch and reset when they move to the designated position. That is, when the second threaded rod 19 rotates, it can drive the incomplete threaded block 24, the square sleeve 23, and the live pin 31 to move forward synchronously. When the live pin 31 moves forward to the designated position, that is, when the live pin 31 moves forward to meet the inclined surface of the first wedge plate 34, when the live pin 31 continues to move forward, under the contact engagement with the inclined surface, it can cause the live pin 31, the small slider 32, and the second pull pin 30 to move upward synchronously. When the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 move upward, the rocker arm 26 will not swing immediately, that is, the incomplete threaded block 24 will not move upward immediately. That is, the incomplete threaded block 24 will still engage with the second threaded rod 19. When the live pin 31 moves upward to the designated position... When the small slider 32, the second pull pin 30, etc., move upward to the designated position, the swing arm 26 can swing upward, that is, the corresponding incomplete threaded block 24 moves downward and disengages from the second threaded rod 19. At this time, under the elastic force of the long spring 21, the square slider 22, the square sleeve 23, the incomplete threaded block 24, etc. can be pushed backward to reset, that is, the corresponding live pin 31 moves backward to reset. When the live pin 31 moves backward to meet the inclined surface of the second wedge plate 35, under the contact engagement with the second wedge, the live pin 31 can move downward. That is, at this time, the swing arm 26 will not immediately swing downward and the incomplete threaded block 24 will not move downward. When the live pin 31 moves downward to the designated position, the incomplete threaded block 24 can move downward and engage with the second threaded rod 19 again. Through the first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35, the device can be quickly reset after use.

[0044] The first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35 are slidably connected to the upper surface of the operating table 1. The first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35 are both provided with locking components. The locking components include an arched seat 36. The inner wall of the arched seat 36 is slidably connected with a pin 39. A spring pad 38 is fixed to the outer surface of the pin 39. A first spring 37 that cooperates with the spring pad 38 is sleeved on the outer surface of the pin 39. The upper surface of the operating table 1 is provided with a plurality of slots 46 that cooperate with the pin 39.

[0045] like Figures 10-11As shown, the first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35 are slidably connected to the upper surface of the operating table 1. The arched seats 36 are all fixed to one side end face of the corresponding first wedge plate 34 and second wedge plate 35. The pins 39 are all slidably connected to the inner wall of the arched seats 36. The upper surface of each pin 39 is fixed with a pull ring 40, which facilitates the up and down movement of the pins 39. One end of the first spring 37 is fixed to the lower surface of the arched seat 36, and the other end of the first spring 37 is fixed to the spring pad 38. The first spring 37 always exerts a downward driving force on the spring pad 38, so that the pins 39 are also exerted a downward driving force, allowing the pins 39 to be in the lowest position under normal conditions and to be stably connected to the slot 46. When the pin 39 engages with the slot 46, it can fix the first wedge block or the second wedge block. When it is necessary to adjust the initial position of the first wedge block or the second wedge block, it can drive the pull ring 40 to move upward, which can move the pin 39 upward. Even if the pin 39 disengages from the slot 46, the first wedge block and the second wedge block can move to the designated position. By adjusting the position of the first wedge block or the second wedge block, the stroke of the square sleeve 23, the incomplete thread block 24, the square slider 22, etc., can be changed, as well as the initial position and the end position of the square slider 22 can be changed. The initial position of the first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35 can be adjusted according to the stroke of the device and the scribing length.

[0046] The inner wall of the operating table 1 is provided with multiple long guide rods 20, and the square sliders 22 are all slidably connected to the outer surface of the corresponding long guide rods 20. The outer surface of the long guide rods 20 is also fitted with long springs 21 that cooperate with the square sliders 22.

[0047] like Figure 8As shown, the long guide rods 20 are all fixed to the inner wall of the operating table 1. The square slider 22 can slide back and forth on the outer surface of the long guide rods 20. One end of the long spring 21 is fixed to the inner wall of the operating table 1, and the other end of the long spring 21 is fixed to the square slider 22. The long spring 21 always has a backward driving force on the square slider 22. That is, when the incomplete threaded block 24 disengages from the second threaded rod 19, the square slider 22, the square sleeve 23, the incomplete threaded block 24, etc., can move backward and reset under the elastic force of the long spring 21. When multiple... When operating parallel straight lines, by pre-adjusting the positions of the two corresponding movable scribing devices 44, the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 can be kept in a fixed state under the engagement of the incomplete threaded block 24 and the second threaded rod 19. That is, the movable scribing device 44 is in a fixed state and will not move on the operating table 1. At this time, the switching seat 17 is moved forward, so that the movable shaft 18 is disengaged from the connecting shaft 16. That is, when the device moves, the scribing device can be opened to realize the operation of scribing multiple straight lines. When it is necessary to fix the scribing device 47 to scribing straight lines... When the line marking device 44 marks diagonal or curved lines, the initial position of the friction wheel 9 is pre-adjusted by driving the first threaded rod 13. When the device moves in a straight line, the line marking device is activated and begins operation. The movement of the device also drives the rear wheel 3 to rotate, which in turn drives the corresponding second threaded rod 19 to rotate. This causes the incomplete thread block 24, square sleeve 23, and square slider 22 to move forward synchronously. When the square slider 22 moves forward, the corresponding scissor-type telescopic frame 41 can unfold outward, meaning the corresponding line marking device 44 moves outward. This allows the movable scribing device 44 to perform diagonal or arc scribing operations. When the square sleeve 23 moves forward to the designated position, even when the live pin 31 moves forward to meet the inclined surface of the first wedge plate 34, the incomplete thread block 24 can move upward to disengage from the second thread rod 19. That is, the corresponding square slider 22, square sleeve 23, incomplete thread block 24, etc. can move backward to reset under the elastic force of the long spring 21. In other words, the scissor telescopic frame 41 retracts to the designated position, and the movable scribing device 44 resets to the designated position.

[0048] When using the local foundation pit excavation and marking device, first, according to the layout dimensions, marking interval requirements, and preset stroke of the foundation pit, pull the pull ring 40 upward to move the pin 39 upward and disengage it from the slot 46 on the surface of the operating table 1. Adjust the front and rear positions of the first wedge plate 34 and the second wedge plate 35 on the upper end of the operating table 1 accordingly. After adjusting to the target position, release the pull ring 40. The first spring 37 pushes the spring pad 38 and the pin 39 downward to reset and lock into the corresponding slot 46, completing the position locking of the wedge plate. This presets the reciprocating stroke and start and end points of the square slider 22 and the square sleeve 23. Then, according to the line type requirements of the marking line, rotate the first handle 14 to drive the first threaded rod 13. Rotation drives the friction wheel 9 to move axially along the long rotating shaft 10 via the threaded transmission of the key seat 12, changing the contact radius and transmission ratio between the friction wheel 9 and the friction disc 8, thus completing the pre-adjustment of the lateral movement speed of the scribing. If multiple parallel straight lines need to be drawn, first move the switching seats 17 on both sides forward, causing the movable shaft 18 to slide forward along the spline groove of the second threaded rod 19, so that the movable shaft 18 disengages from the spline groove of the inner connecting shaft 16 of the driven pulley 15. At the same time, adjust the lateral spacing of the two movable scribing devices 44. After adjustment, the incomplete threaded block 24 and the second threaded rod 19 maintain a self-locking state of threaded engagement, so that the scissor telescopic frame 41 and the movable scribing device 44 are stably maintained at the specified position. In the horizontal position, hold handle 4 and push the device to move in a straight line along the preset path of the foundation pit. During the movement, the rear wheel 3 rotates synchronously, and the paint bucket 5 continuously supplies marking paint to the fixed marking device 47 and the two moving marking devices 44 on both sides. Each marking device simultaneously lays down the marking line on the foundation pit surface, completing the marking of multiple parallel straight lines at one time. If it is necessary to draw oblique lines or arc marking lines, keep the spline groove of the movable shaft 18 and the connecting shaft 16 in a meshing state. While pushing the device to move in a straight line, the rear wheel 3 rotates, driving the coaxial first bevel gear 6 to rotate synchronously. The first bevel gear 6 drives the upper second bevel gear 7 and the friction disk 8 to rotate through meshing transmission. The friction disk 8 drives the friction wheel 9 and the friction disk 8 through end face friction transmission. The long rotating shaft 10 rotates synchronously. The two driving pulleys 11 at the front end of the long rotating shaft 10 drive the driven pulleys 15 and the connecting shaft 16 on both sides to rotate through belts. The connecting shaft 16 drives the movable shaft 18 and the second threaded rod 19 to rotate synchronously through spline engagement. The second threaded rod 19 drives the square sleeve 23 and the square slider 22 to move forward along the long guide rod 20 through thread transmission with the incomplete thread block 24. When the square slider 22 moves forward, it drives the scissor telescopic frame 41 to gradually unfold outward, driving the long connecting plate 42 and the moving line marker 44 to move smoothly outward, so that the moving line marker 44 generates continuous lateral displacement while the device moves in a straight line, thereby drawing uniform oblique lines or arc-shaped markings on the pit surface.When the square sleeve 23 moves forward to the preset front end position, the front end of the movable pin 31 contacts the inclined surface of the first wedge plate 34. As the square sleeve 23 continues to move forward, the movable pin 31 moves up along the inclined surface of the first wedge plate 34, causing the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 to move up synchronously along the inner wall of the T-shaped seat 33. When the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 move up to the flipping point, the tension direction of the tension spring 29 is reversed, instantly driving the swing rod 26 to swing upward. The swing rod 26, through the cooperation of the long keyway 27 and the short pin 25 on the inner wall, drives the incomplete thread block 24 to slide upward along the inner wall of the square sleeve 23, causing the incomplete thread block 24 to... Disengaged from the second threaded rod 19, the elastic force of the long spring 21 pushes the square slider 22, square sleeve 23, and incomplete thread block 24 to move rapidly backward along the long guide rod 20 to reset, causing the scissor-type telescopic frame 41 to gradually retract and the moving scribing device 44 to move inward. When the square sleeve 23 moves backward to the preset reset position, the live pin 31 contacts the inclined surface of the second wedge plate 35 and moves downward along the inclined surface, causing the small slider 32 and the second pull pin 30 to move down along the T-shaped seat 33 to the flipping point. The tension spring 29 flips again, driving the swing rod 26 to swing downward, causing the incomplete thread block 24 to move down and re-engage with the second threaded rod 19. This device completes a full cycle of variable-pitch line marking. During operation, the direction of travel can be adjusted by rotating handle 4 in conjunction with the steering mechanism of the front wheel 2, adapting to the line marking needs of different areas and corners in the foundation pit. This device enables simultaneous multi-line marking operations, allowing multiple lines to be marked simultaneously in a single operation, eliminating the tedious process of repeated positioning and marking using traditional devices, significantly improving the efficiency of foundation pit marking. It also avoids the cumulative errors caused by multiple positioning, ensuring marking accuracy. The marking interval can be flexibly adjusted according to actual on-site construction needs, adapting to foundation pits of different sizes, different excavation layers, and different slope parameters. The device is highly versatile and requires minimal equipment replacement, reducing construction equipment costs. It can draw straight lines and diagonal lines during straight-line operations, and also supports the laying out of curved lines. It meets diverse laying-out needs for foundation pits, including straight boundaries, slopes, and corner arcs, without the need for additional auxiliary tools. Its wide applicability allows it to adapt to the laying-out requirements of complex foundation pits. The overall operation is convenient, with flexible on-site adjustments, effectively shortening the laying-out preparation period before foundation pit excavation, ensuring the standardization and accuracy of foundation pit excavation operations, and facilitating the efficient and orderly progress of civil engineering foundation pit construction.

Claims

1. A device for setting out and marking lines during earthwork excavation in civil engineering foundation pits, comprising an operating table (1), characterized in that: The operating table (1) is equipped with moving wheels at both the front and rear ends. The upper end of the operating table (1) is equipped with multiple scribing devices, including two moving scribing devices (44) and one fixed scribing device (47). The operating table (1) is equipped with telescopic mechanisms on both sides. The two moving scribing devices (44) are installed on the corresponding telescopic mechanisms. When the moving wheels rotate, the telescopic mechanisms can be extended outward. The upper end of the operating table (1) is also equipped with a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a movable friction wheel (9). When the friction wheel (9) moves, the speed at which the telescopic mechanism extends outward can be adjusted. The transmission assembly also includes a movable shaft (18). When the movable shaft (18) moves, the telescopic mechanism can be fixed in a designated position.

2. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic mechanism includes a scissor telescopic frame (41), and the outer ends of the two scissor telescopic frames (41) are provided with long connecting plates (42). The movable marking device (44) is fixed on the long connecting plate (42). The inner wall of the operating table (1) is provided with two movable square sliders (22). The inner wall of the long connecting plate (42) is slidably connected with a secondary slider (45). One side of the inner end of the scissor telescopic frame (41) is hinged to the operating table (1), and the other side of the inner end of the scissor telescopic frame (41) is hinged to the corresponding square slider (22). One side of the outer end of the scissor telescopic frame (41) is hinged to the long connecting plate (42), and the other side of the outer end of the scissor telescopic frame (41) is hinged to the corresponding secondary slider (45).

3. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the operating table (1) is provided with a friction disc (8) that can rotate and cooperate with the friction wheel (9). The upper end of the operating table (1) is provided with a long rotating shaft (10). The friction wheel (9) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the long rotating shaft (10). The upper end of the operating table (1) is also provided with a first threaded rod (13) that can rotate. A key seat (12) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the first threaded rod (13). The friction wheel (9) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the lower end of the key seat (12).

4. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Two driving pulleys (11) are fixed to the front end of the outer surface of the long rotating shaft (10). Driven pulleys (15) are rotatably connected to both sides of the upper end of the operating table (1). The driving pulleys (11) and driven pulleys (15) are connected by belts. Switching seats (17) are slidably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating table (1). Movable shafts (18) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the switching seats (17). Second threaded rods (19) are also rotatably connected to both sides of the upper surface of the operating table (1). Connecting shafts (16) are provided on the inner walls of the driven pulleys (15). Spline grooves that cooperate with the movable shafts (18) are opened on the inner walls of the connecting shafts (16) and the second threaded rods (19).

5. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The upper sides of the operating table (1) are also provided with square sleeves (23), and the inner walls of the square sleeves (23) are provided with incomplete thread blocks (24) that cooperate with the second threaded rod (19).

6. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the square sleeve (23) is provided with T-shaped seats (33) on both sides. The outer end face of the two T-shaped seats (33) is hinged with a swing rod (26) that can swing up and down. The incomplete threaded block (24) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the square sleeve (23). The two end faces of the incomplete threaded block (24) are provided with short pins (25). The inner wall of the swing rod (26) is provided with long keyways (27) that cooperate with the short pins (25).

7. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the swing rods (26) is rotatably connected to a first pull pin (28), and each of the inner walls of the T-shaped seat (33) is slidably connected to a small slider (32) that can move up and down. Each of the small sliders (32) is rotatably connected to a second pull pin (30), and a tension spring (29) is provided between the first pull pin (28) and the second pull pin (30).

8. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the second pull pin (30) is rotatably connected with a live pin (31), and the front and rear sides of the upper surface of the operating table (1) are provided with a number of first wedge plates (34) and second wedge plates (35) that cooperate with the live pin (31).

9. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The first wedge plate (34) and the second wedge plate (35) are slidably connected to the upper surface of the operating table (1). The first wedge plate (34) and the second wedge plate (35) are provided with locking components. The locking components include an arched seat (36). The inner wall of the arched seat (36) is slidably connected with a pin (39). A spring pad (38) is fixed to the outer surface of the pin (39). A first spring (37) that cooperates with the spring pad (38) is sleeved on the outer surface of the pin (39). The upper surface of the operating table (1) is provided with multiple slots (46) that cooperate with the pin (39).

10. The civil engineering foundation pit excavation construction layout and marking device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the operating table (1) is provided with multiple long guide rods (20), and the square sliders (22) are all slidably connected to the outer surface of the corresponding long guide rods (20). The outer surface of the long guide rods (20) is also fitted with long springs (21) that cooperate with the square sliders (22).

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