Construction method of SSP type stable soil vegetation protection slope

Abstract

The application relates to a construction method of a SSP type stable soil vegetation protection slope, which comprises the following steps: S1, slope surface excavation and slope surface correction are carried out according to set slope size; S2, vegetation hole construction is carried out on the excavated and shaped slope surface, a PVC pipe is sleeved in the vegetation hole, the PVC pipe extends to a preset distance above the slope surface, a plurality of root system penetrating holes are drilled on the pipe wall of the PVC pipe, and then nutrient soil and a spray-attached SSP stable soil vegetation protection base material are backfilled in the PVC pipe from bottom to top; S3, galvanized iron wire mesh is laid on the slope surface, and the galvanized iron wire mesh is anchored on the slope surface by using an anchoring part; S4, a cement stable soil base layer is sprayed on the slope surface, the cement stable soil base layer fully covers the connection part of the galvanized iron wire mesh and the anchoring part, then a fiber stable soil surface layer is sprayed on the cement stable soil base layer, and the upper end of the PVC pipe is exposed from the surface of the fiber stable soil surface layer; and S5, shrubs are planted in the PVC pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of slope protection construction, specifically to a method for constructing SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection. Background Technology

[0002] Slope protection is a crucial component of geotechnical engineering construction, fulfilling the dual requirements of ensuring structural stability and restoring the ecological environment. It is widely used in slope management scenarios such as urban infrastructure, road engineering, and site development. SSP-type stabilized soil vegetated slope protection combines the structural strength of engineering protection with the ecological benefits of vegetation protection. It effectively addresses slope instability and soil erosion while simultaneously achieving slope greening. This aligns with the current development requirements of prioritizing both ecological protection and engineering safety in engineering construction, making it one of the preferred solutions for protecting steep slopes and embankment / cut slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve one or more technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: This invention provides a construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection, including the following steps: S1, excavate and correct the slope according to the set slope dimensions; S2, vegetation holes are constructed on the excavated slope, PVC pipes are inserted into the vegetation holes, and the PVC pipes extend to a predetermined distance above the slope. Multiple root penetration holes are drilled on the wall of the PVC pipes. Nutrient soil and SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate are backfilled into the PVC pipes from bottom to top. S3, Lay galvanized wire mesh on the slope and anchor the galvanized wire mesh to the slope with anchoring components; S4, a cement-stabilized soil base layer is sprayed onto the slope, which fully covers the galvanized wire mesh and the connection of the anchoring parts. Then, a fiber-stabilized soil surface layer is sprayed onto the cement-stabilized soil base layer, with the upper end of the PVC pipe exposed from the surface of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer. S5, shrubs are planted inside the PVC pipe.

[0005] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection construction method of this invention combines engineering protection and ecological vegetation dual technologies, which can ensure the slope's anti-sliding and anti-overturning capabilities while achieving slope greening through vegetation holes and surface seed spraying, thus restoring the slope's ecological environment and meeting the high requirements of water conservation and environmental impact assessment.

[0006] This invention organically combines slope protection structure with plant root system. The plant root system can further reinforce the slope surface in the later stage, improve the durability of slope protection, reduce the later maintenance cost, and is suitable for slope engineering in areas prone to typhoons and rainy seasons.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, in S1, the slope is first excavated to the remaining first thickness, then mechanically brushed to the remaining second thickness, and then manually brushed to the remaining thickness of 0, wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness.

[0009] The advantage of adopting the above-mentioned further solutions is that it avoids damaging the slope structure due to excessive mechanical brushing force or depth.

[0010] Furthermore, in S2, the planting holes are constructed in a quincunx pattern, with a distance of 150-250cm between adjacent planting holes, a hole diameter of 10-15cm, and a planting hole depth of 22-27cm. The preset distance is 12~18cm, the diameter of the root penetration hole is 0.8~1.2cm, the spacing between two adjacent root penetration holes is 4~6cm, and the multiple root penetration holes on each PVC pipe are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0011] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that by opening multiple root penetration holes in the PVC pipe, the bonding between the PVC pipe and the plant roots can be enhanced.

[0012] Furthermore, in S3, the anchoring component includes a limiting anchor. An anchoring hole is first opened on the slope, and then the limiting anchor is anchored in the anchoring hole. The upper end of the limiting anchor is bent to make the limiting anchor have an L-shaped structure.

[0013] Furthermore, in S3, the anchoring component includes an anti-slip anchor bolt. An anchoring holes are first opened on the slope, and then the anti-slip anchor bolt is anchored in the anchoring holes. The upper end of the anti-slip anchor bolt is bent, so that the anti-slip anchor bolt has a crutch structure with one end longer and the other end shorter.

[0014] Furthermore, the total length of the anti-slip anchor is 115cm~125cm, the length of the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor is 95cm~105cm, the length of the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor is 6~7cm, and the distance between the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor and the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor is 6~8cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in S4, the spraying thickness of the cement-stabilized soil base layer is 6-9 cm, and the spraying thickness of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer is 3-5 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in S4, plant seeds are incorporated into the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer.

[0017] Furthermore, in S2, the process of backfilling nutrient soil and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate in the PVC pipe from bottom to top includes backfilling nutrient soil in the 0-25cm section of the PVC pipe and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate in the 26-40cm section.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes S6, which involves covering the surface of the fiber-stabilized soil layer with a shade net.

[0019] This invention adopts a graded protection construction approach to adapt to the protection needs of different slope heights, effectively improving the structural stability of steep slopes. Key parameters such as slope ratio and anchorage depth are controllable, solving the problem of poor adaptability of traditional single-protection methods.

[0020] This invention standardizes and streamlines the construction process, with clear connections between each step. It clarifies the key points of construction involving the coordination of machinery and manual labor, effectively avoiding construction quality problems such as over-excavation, slope damage, and uneven spraying, thereby improving the overall quality of slope protection construction.

[0021] This invention achieves both structural stability and vegetation effect of SSP-type stabilized soil vegetated slope protection through a series of standardized construction procedures, including surveying and setting out, slope trimming, construction of vegetation holes, anchoring protection, and spraying of stabilized soil. It also incorporates a graded protection design concept. This ensures that key parameters such as slope ratio, anchoring depth, and spraying thickness meet design requirements, thereby improving the durability and ecological properties of slope protection. It is suitable for slope engineering with different elevation differences and geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slope surface after construction of the SSP type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the planting holes on the slope surface according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the limiting anchors and anti-slip anchors of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection of the present invention. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the middle section structure; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring structure of the anti-slip anchor bolt of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting anchor of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-slip anchor bolt of the present invention.

[0023] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Slope surface; 2. Vegetation holes; 3. PVC pipe; 4. Nutrient soil layer; 5. SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate layer; 6. Galvanized wire mesh; 7. Limiting anchors; 8. Anti-slip anchors; 9. Cement stabilized soil base layer; 10. Fiber stabilized soil surface layer; 11. Anchor holes. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 like Figures 1-8 As shown in this embodiment, a construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection includes the following steps: S1, excavate slope 1 and correct slope 1 according to the set slope size; S2, constructing planting holes 2 on the excavated slope 1, inserting PVC pipes 3 into the planting holes 2, and extending the PVC pipes 3 to a predetermined distance above the slope 1 (the specific extension length can be designed according to needs). Multiple root penetration holes are drilled on the pipe wall of the PVC pipes 3. Nutrient soil and SSP stabilized soil planting slope protection substrate are backfilled from bottom to top in the PVC pipes 3 to form nutrient soil layer 4 and SSP stabilized soil planting slope protection substrate layer 5. SSP stabilized soil planting slope protection substrate can be purchased commercially and is a commonly used material in construction.

[0026] Specifically, the process of backfilling nutrient soil and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate into the PVC pipe from bottom to top includes backfilling nutrient soil in the 0-25cm section (corresponding to the part below the slope) and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate in the 26-39cm section (corresponding to the part above the slope), so that the substrate and nutrient soil are connected, and the bonding between the structure and the plant roots is enhanced.

[0027] S3, lay galvanized wire mesh 6 on slope 1 and anchor the galvanized wire mesh 6 to slope 1 with anchoring parts; the galvanized wire mesh 6 is No. 14 galvanized wire mesh with a horizontal and vertical spacing of 6cm.

[0028] S4. A cement-stabilized soil base layer 9 is sprayed onto slope 1, completely covering the galvanized wire mesh 6 and the anchor points, with no exposed areas. Then, a fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10 is sprayed onto the cement-stabilized soil base layer 9, completely covering the galvanized wire mesh after spraying, ensuring uniform application. The upper end of the PVC pipe 3 protrudes from the surface of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10. The cement-stabilized soil base layer 9 should be sprayed evenly from bottom to top to ensure a dense and flat base. Plant seeds are mixed into the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10 according to design requirements. After spraying, it must completely cover the galvanized wire mesh, ensuring uniform application and no missed areas. After the surface layer is sprayed, the surface should be flat, uniform in color, and free from cracking or peeling.

[0029] S5, shrubs are planted inside the PVC pipe 3.

[0030] In S4, the sprayed thickness of the cement-stabilized soil base layer 9 is 6-9 cm (preferably 8 cm), and the sprayed thickness of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10 is 3-5 cm (preferably 4 cm). Plant seeds are mixed into the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10.

[0031] Both SSP stabilized soil for vegetation slope protection and nutrient soil are commercially available and are commonly used materials for slope construction. Alternatively, the SSP stabilized soil for vegetation slope protection can be prepared by the construction personnel based on their experience. This preparation mainly includes soil, cement, ecological conditioner, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and a small amount of medium-coarse sand, rice husks, coconut coir, and grass, shrub, and flower seeds. The specific proportions can be adjusted according to the actual situation. The soil is generally 8-10 ml. 3 Medium to coarse sand is generally 0~2 m 3 The usual quantities are: cement and ecological conditioner 400 kg, organic fertilizer 150 kg, compound fertilizer 3 kg, grass, shrub, and flower seeds 38 g, and rice husks and coconut coir 1-1.5 m³. 3 The specific details can be adjusted, added, or subtracted according to the actual situation. The fiber-stabilized soil surface layer 10 can use the same material as the SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate, with appropriate adjustments to the proportions. Grass, shrubs, flowers, and seeds are not required; instead, the proportions of cement, organic fertilizer, ecological conditioner, and compound fertilizer should be increased.

[0032] This embodiment describes a construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection. Before construction, surface drainage and safety preparations are carried out, and on-site training is conducted for construction personnel to clarify key construction techniques and safety regulations. Construction is laid out according to the design drawings, marking the specific location of the slope protection, demarcating the excavation area, and setting up stakes. The main axis of the slope protection and the inner and outer edge stakes are accurately measured, with a stake every 5 meters on curved sections. Protective stakes are installed for important construction control stakes to ensure positional accuracy.

[0033] The slope excavation process employs a combination of excavators and manual labor, strictly adhering to the designed slope dimensions and burial depth. After excavation to the designed depth, the slope is promptly leveled and compacted. If soft soil is encountered, it is removed after approval by the supervising engineer, and high-quality, tested fill material is used and compacted in layers. The soil base must be leveled and compacted, removing any water-soaked soft soil. If the bearing capacity is insufficient, it is replaced with permeable and stable materials and compacted to the design elevation. If the rock base has holes or cracks, it is filled with saturated cement mortar or small-aggregate concrete. Any discrepancies between the geology and the design must be promptly reported to the design department.

[0034] This embodiment presents an SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection construction method that combines engineering protection with ecological vegetation technology. While ensuring the slope's resistance to sliding and overturning, it achieves slope greening through planting holes and surface seed spraying, restoring the slope's ecological environment and meeting the high requirements of water conservation and environmental impact assessment. This embodiment organically integrates the slope protection structure with the plant root system. The vegetation root system can further reinforce the slope surface in the later stages, improving the slope's durability and reducing later maintenance costs. It is suitable for slope engineering in areas prone to typhoons and rainy seasons.

[0035] Example 2 Based on Example 1, in S1 of this example, slope 1 is first excavated to the remaining first thickness (e.g., 100cm), then mechanically brushed down to the remaining second thickness, and finally manually brushed down to the remaining thickness of 0. The second thickness is less than the first thickness. This avoids damaging the slope structure due to excessive mechanical brushing force or depth. During slope trimming, loose soil is first removed and pits are filled. When mechanical brushing reaches the remaining 20cm thickness, manual brushing is used for another 20cm to prevent damage to the slope structure. The brushing process is strictly controlled according to a 1:1.5 slope ratio. After trimming, the slope surface must be flat, compacted, and have a smooth line. Subsequent protective construction is immediately carried out after inspection and approval. Throughout the construction process, unobstructed drainage is maintained on the slope surface, natural waterways are preserved, and water accumulation is avoided.

[0036] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, in S2 of this embodiment, the planting holes 2 are arranged in a quincunx pattern (one in the middle and four around it forming a rectangle). The distance between adjacent planting holes 2 is 150-250cm (preferably 200cm), the diameter of the planting holes 2 is 10-15cm (preferably 12cm), and the depth of the planting holes 2 is 22-27cm (preferably 25cm). The preset distance is 12-18cm (preferably 15cm). The diameter of the root penetration hole is 0.8-1.2cm (preferably 1cm), and the distance between two adjacent root penetration holes is 4-6cm (preferably 5cm). Multiple root penetration holes on each PVC pipe 3 are arranged in a quincunx pattern. By opening multiple root penetration holes on the PVC pipe, the bonding between the PVC pipe and the plant roots can be enhanced.

[0037] Example 4 Based on any of the above embodiments, in S3 of this embodiment, the anchoring component includes a limiting anchor 7. Anchoring holes 11 are first opened on the slope surface 1, and then the limiting anchor 7 is anchored within the anchoring holes 11. The upper end of the limiting anchor 7 is bent, making it L-shaped. The limiting anchor 7 is a 6mm diameter steel bar, L-shaped (35cm long straight section, 5cm bent section), spaced 50cm x 50cm apart. The limiting anchor 7 is firmly anchored, and the galvanized wire mesh adheres tightly to the slope surface without any gaps or wrinkles.

[0038] Example 5 Based on any of the above embodiments, in S3 of this embodiment, the anchoring component includes an anti-slip anchor bolt 8. Anchoring holes 11 are first opened on the slope 1, and then the anti-slip anchor bolt 8 is anchored within the anchoring holes 11. The upper end of the anti-slip anchor bolt 8 is bent, giving it a crutch-like structure with one end longer than the other. The anti-slip anchor bolt 8 is made of 16mm diameter anchor bar, with a length of 120cm (100cm long straight section, 6.5cm bend at the top, and a bend width of 7cm), and is installed at a spacing of 200cm × 200cm.

[0039] Specifically, the total length of the anti-slip anchor 8 is 115cm~125cm, the length of the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor 8 is 95cm~105cm, the length of the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor 8 is 6~7cm, and the distance between the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor 8 and the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor 8 is 6~8cm.

[0040] Example 6 Based on any of the above embodiments, this embodiment of the SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection construction method further includes S6, covering the surface of the fiber stabilized soil surface layer 10 with a shade net. After the surface layer is sprayed, the slope is immediately covered with a shade net to avoid direct sunlight and rain erosion. A sprinkler system is installed at the top or bottom of the slope according to design requirements to ensure uniform irrigation covering the entire slope. Routine maintenance management is carried out, with regular checks on seed germination and vegetation growth. Water is replenished promptly, and pests and diseases are controlled until the vegetation germinates, the root system matures, and a stable ecological protective layer is formed.

[0041] Through the various steps of the above embodiments, combined with Figures 1 to 8 The detailed structural diagrams and construction illustrations shown demonstrate that those skilled in the art can successfully implement SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection construction in slope engineering projects with different elevation differences and geological conditions, ensuring that the structural stability, anti-sliding capacity, and ecological vegetation effect of the slope protection meet the standards simultaneously, and achieving the synergistic goal of engineering safety and ecological environment restoration.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "inner", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0046] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, excavate and correct the slope according to the set slope dimensions; S2, vegetation holes are constructed on the excavated slope, PVC pipes are inserted into the vegetation holes, and the PVC pipes extend to a predetermined distance above the slope. Multiple root penetration holes are drilled on the wall of the PVC pipes. Nutrient soil and SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection substrate are backfilled into the PVC pipes from bottom to top. S3, Lay galvanized wire mesh on the slope and anchor the galvanized wire mesh to the slope with anchoring components; S4, a cement-stabilized soil base layer is sprayed onto the slope, which fully covers the galvanized wire mesh and the connection of the anchoring parts. Then, a fiber-stabilized soil surface layer is sprayed onto the cement-stabilized soil base layer, with the upper end of the PVC pipe exposed from the surface of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer. S5, shrubs are planted inside the PVC pipe.

2. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the slope is first excavated to the remaining first thickness, then mechanically brushed to the remaining second thickness, and then manually brushed to the remaining thickness of 0. The second thickness is less than the first thickness.

3. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the planting holes are constructed in a quincunx pattern, with a distance of 150-250cm between adjacent planting holes, a hole diameter of 10-15cm, and a depth of 22-27cm. The preset distance is 12~18cm, the diameter of the root penetration hole is 0.8~1.2cm, the spacing between two adjacent root penetration holes is 4~6cm, and the multiple root penetration holes on each PVC pipe are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

4. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the anchoring component includes a limiting anchor. An anchoring hole is first opened on the slope, and then the limiting anchor is anchored in the anchoring hole. The upper end of the limiting anchor is bent so that the limiting anchor has an L-shaped structure.

5. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the anchoring component includes an anti-slip anchor bolt. An anchoring holes are first opened on the slope, and then the anti-slip anchor bolt is anchored in the anchoring holes. The upper end of the anti-slip anchor bolt is bent so that the anti-slip anchor bolt has a crutch structure with one end longer and the other end shorter.

6. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The total length of the anti-slip anchor is 115cm~125cm, the length of the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor is 95cm~105cm, the length of the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor is 6~7cm, and the distance between the straight segment at the longer end of the anti-slip anchor and the straight segment at the shorter end of the anti-slip anchor is 6~8cm.

7. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the spray thickness of the cement-stabilized soil base layer is 6-9 cm, and the spray thickness of the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer is 3-5 cm.

8. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, plant seeds are incorporated into the fiber-stabilized soil surface layer.

9. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the process of backfilling nutrient soil and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection material in the PVC pipe from bottom to top includes backfilling nutrient soil in the 0~25cm section of the PVC pipe and spraying SSP stabilized soil vegetation slope protection material in the 26~40cm section.

10. The construction method for SSP-type stabilized soil vegetation slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes S6, which covers the surface of the fiber-stabilized soil layer with shade netting.

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