An annular rubber vibration isolation support suitable for a pile foundation fixed type offshore photovoltaic support

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of annular rubber vibration isolation support suitable for pile foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic support, belong to structural engineering shock absorption and isolation technical field.It includes annular laminated rubber vibration isolation support body, replaceable shear pin box, outer detachable flexible protection component, replaceable shear pin box is installed in annular laminated rubber vibration isolation support body, outer detachable flexible protection component is covered with and set in the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body, and its upper and lower ends are respectively detachably connected with the upper end plate and the lower end plate, and the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body is protected.Solve offshore photovoltaic support difficult to consider normal wind and wave constraint and earthquake isolation, marine environment is prone to core trigger component failure and difficult to replace, rubber body is exposed to aging, large displacement lacks limiting and high replacement cost after earthquake problem, realize the automatic switching of normal wind and wave constraint and earthquake isolation two working conditions, simple structure, response is reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic supports, belonging to the field of structural engineering vibration reduction and isolation technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of new energy installed capacity, onshore centralized photovoltaic projects are constrained by factors such as land resources, ecological protection, land use quotas, and grid connection conditions. Offshore and nearshore photovoltaics are gradually becoming one of the important directions for the development of the photovoltaic industry. Nearshore photovoltaic projects are usually arranged in tidal flats, intertidal zones, nearshore shallow waters, or spaces around marine aquaculture, ports, and islands and reefs. They have advantages such as not occupying additional land resources, being able to be developed in combination with offshore wind power and marine ranching, and being easy to form large-scale continuous arrays, thus having strong engineering application demand.

[0003] For fixed, large-scale nearshore photovoltaic (PV) projects, the support system typically includes pile foundations inserted into the seabed or seafloor soil, pile top or column top connecting components, and an upper inclined support frame, truss, or double-layer grid structure to support the PV modules. This type of structure is characterized by its lightweight, large area, and array-like arrangement; however, it is constantly exposed to the marine environment and must withstand various environmental factors, including wind, waves, currents, tides, water level changes, wave impact, salt spray corrosion, wet-dry cycles, strong sunlight, and ultraviolet radiation. In seismically fortified areas, the nearshore PV support structure must also consider the impact of seismic forces on the piles, upper grid structure, connecting nodes, and PV modules.

[0004] Traditional seismic isolation bearings for buildings and bridges are primarily designed for seismic action, with the basic goal of extending the structural period and reducing the seismic response of the superstructure through horizontal deformation of the bearings during an earthquake. However, for offshore photovoltaic support structures, using only conventional seismic isolation bearings has the following shortcomings:

[0005] First, conventional seismic isolation bearings have insufficient horizontal stiffness under normal service conditions, making it difficult to meet the wind and wave resistance requirements of offshore photovoltaic (PV) structures. Offshore PV systems are large in area, relatively lightweight, and have numerous support points. Long-term wind and wave action can cause small-amplitude, high-frequency vibrations in the upper support structure and PV panels. If the bearings remain in a low-stiffness state for an extended period, it can easily lead to loosening of the support connections, fatigue damage, and deformation of the PV modules. In other words, offshore PV support structures have a specific requirement: the bearings should have high horizontal restraint capacity under normal wind and wave service conditions, but should be able to release from locking after an earthquake or extreme horizontal load reaching a set threshold, allowing the seismic isolation bearings to enter a working state. Existing seismic isolation bearings cannot simultaneously meet these two contradictory working state requirements.

[0006] Secondly, while some existing wind-resistant and seismic-resistant bearings, friction pendulum bearings, or seismic isolation limiting devices employ techniques such as wind-resistant pins, shear pins, limiting plates, or mechanical locking components to achieve normal operating condition limiting and seismic condition release, these devices are primarily designed for bridges, buildings, or general onshore engineering environments. Their connectors, pins, locking mechanisms, sliding pairs, or triggering components are often exposed to the external environment or rely on complex mechanical structures. For nearshore photovoltaic projects, the high salt spray, high humidity, and strong sunlight environment makes complex exposed mechanisms prone to corrosion, wear, jamming, or inaccurate triggering force. Furthermore, offshore maintenance is extremely inconvenient, making it difficult to guarantee the durability and reliability of traditional triggering components.

[0007] Third, while annular laminated rubber bearings can withstand vertical loads and provide horizontal shear isolation, the exposed surfaces of the rubber material are prone to hardening, cracking, aging, or deterioration of the bonding interface when subjected to salt spray, humidity, sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, ozone, and pollutants during long-term service in marine environments. This leads to a decrease in seismic isolation performance or even failure. Current technology lacks a protective structure that can effectively shield and protect the annular laminated rubber body without affecting the horizontal deformation of the bearing, and is also easy to replace individually.

[0008] Fourth, the superstructure and photovoltaic modules of offshore photovoltaic systems are highly sensitive to relative displacement and local collisions. Under seismic loading, excessive horizontal displacement of the supports may cause misalignment of the upper and lower end plates, damage to connection nodes, or detachment of the superstructure. Existing seismic isolation bearings lack specific designs for offshore photovoltaic structures in terms of large displacement limiting.

[0009] Fifth, there are numerous support points for offshore photovoltaic systems. If the entire support needs to be replaced after each earthquake or extreme event, the construction and operation and maintenance costs will be too high, making it difficult to meet the economic requirements of offshore array photovoltaic projects.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic supports in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to address the following problems: conventional seismic isolation bearings cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of wind and wave restraint during normal service and seismic isolation; core triggering components are prone to corrosion and jamming failure in high-salt-spray and high-humidity environments at sea; the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body is prone to aging and deterioration; there is a lack of limiting protection under large displacement conditions; and the overall replacement cost of the bearing after an earthquake is too high. A brief overview of this invention is provided below to offer a basic understanding of certain aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this overview is not an exhaustive summary of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or essential parts of the invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0013] An annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic support includes an annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body, a replaceable shear pin box, and an externally detachable flexible protective component. The replaceable shear pin box is installed inside the annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body. The annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body includes an upper end plate, a lower end plate, an annular laminated rubber body, and an inspection cover plate. The annular laminated rubber body is installed between the upper end plate and the lower end plate. The replaceable shear pin box is built into the annular laminated rubber body. An inspection hole is provided on the upper end plate, corresponding to the upper position of the replaceable shear pin box. The inspection cover plate is detachably covered on the inspection hole.

[0014] The outer detachable flexible protective component is wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body, and its upper and lower ends are detachably connected to the upper end plate and the lower end plate, respectively, to protect the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body.

[0015] Preferably, an annular limiting cylinder is fixedly provided on the lower side of the upper end plate, and a central core column is fixedly provided on the upper side of the lower end plate. The annular limiting cylinder and the central core column are coaxially arranged and the annular limiting cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the central core column, forming an annular cavity between them. The replaceable shear pin box is provided in the annular cavity and is located in the inner hole area of ​​the annular laminated rubber body.

[0016] Preferably, the replaceable shear pin box includes an upper pin box, a lower pin box, and a weakening shear pin. The upper pin box is fixedly connected to the annular limiting cylinder, the lower pin box is fixedly connected to the central core column, and the weakening shear pin is disposed between the upper pin box and the lower pin box. It is used to horizontally lock the upper pin box and the lower pin box under normal service conditions, and to shear or yield when the horizontal force reaches a set threshold to release the horizontal lock.

[0017] Preferably, the replaceable shear pin box further includes an elastic gap-eliminating bushing and a dustproof sealing plug. The upper pin box and / or the lower pin box are provided with mounting holes for the shear pin to pass through. The elastic gap-eliminating bushing is disposed between the shear pin and the wall of the mounting hole. The dustproof sealing plug is disposed between the upper pin box and the lower pin box to seal the working area of ​​the shear pin.

[0018] Preferably, the outer wall of the lower pin box forms a limiting bearing surface. When the weakening shear pin is sheared and the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate and the lower end plate reaches a set limit, the inner wall of the annular limiting cylinder contacts the limiting bearing surface to limit the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate and the lower end plate.

[0019] Preferably, the upper pin box is provided with a connecting ear plate, and the connecting ear plate is connected to the connecting ear plate provided inside the annular limiting cylinder by an upper connecting bolt; the lower pin box is provided with a lower pin box connecting hole, and the lower pin box connecting hole is connected to the core column connecting threaded hole at the top of the central core column by a lower fixing bolt.

[0020] Preferably, the outer detachable flexible protective component includes two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves, end clamping rings, and vertical splicing clamping strips. The two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves are joined together and cover the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body. The end clamping rings press and fix the upper and lower ends of the semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves to the upper end plate and the lower end plate, respectively. The vertical splicing clamping strips clamp and fix the vertical mating edges of the two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves.

[0021] Preferably, the semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath has an upper thickened sealing edge at the upper end, a lower thickened sealing edge at the lower end, and a vertically thickened splicing edge at the vertical mating edge; the outer edges of the upper and lower end plates are respectively provided with protective cover connection interfaces, the upper thickened sealing edge and the lower thickened sealing edge respectively cooperate with the corresponding protective cover connection interface, and are pressed and fixed by end clamping rings; the semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath is made of weather-resistant rubber material, and a corrugated deformation section is provided in its middle.

[0022] Preferably, a cover sealing ring is provided between the inspection cover and the upper end plate, and the inspection cover is pressed and sealed to the upper end plate by cover fasteners.

[0023] Preferably, the annular laminated rubber body is formed by vulcanizing multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates, with a through hole in the middle, and the replaceable shear pin box is disposed in the through hole; the annular laminated rubber body is fixedly connected to the upper end plate and the lower end plate as a whole by vulcanization.

[0024] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention, by setting a replaceable shear pin box, under normal wind and wave service conditions, weakens the shear pin to horizontally lock the upper and lower pin boxes, giving the support high horizontal constraint stiffness, effectively resisting the cyclic action of wind and waves, and reducing the small sway of the upper photovoltaic grid; when an earthquake or extreme horizontal action reaches a set threshold, the weakened shear pin shears or yields, the upper and lower pin boxes are released from horizontal locking, and the annular laminated rubber body enters the horizontal shear vibration isolation state, effectively reducing the transmission of seismic action to the upper structure, realizing the automatic switching between normal wind and wave constraint and seismic vibration isolation working states, with a simple structure and reliable response;

[0026] 2. This invention centrally houses the core triggering components, such as the weakening shear pin and the elastic gap-eliminating bushing, inside a replaceable shear pin box. A dustproof sealing plug encloses the working area of ​​the weakening shear pin, effectively preventing the entry of salt spray, water vapor, and dust from the high-salt-spray, high-humidity-heat environment at sea, thus avoiding corrosion, jamming, or inaccurate triggering force of the triggering components. Simultaneously, the elastic gap-eliminating bushing is positioned between the weakening shear pin and the wall of the mounting hole, ensuring a stable fit between the shear pin and the hole wall. This reduces the risk of impact, wear, and fatigue under long-term wind and wave cycles, guaranteeing the long-term stability and accuracy of the triggering threshold.

[0027] 3. This invention effectively shields the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body through an externally detachable flexible protective component, blocking salt spray, rainwater, moisture, ultraviolet rays, and pollutants from directly affecting the rubber body surface and delaying rubber aging; the semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath has a corrugated deformation section in the middle, which can flexibly deform with the horizontal shear deformation and angular deformation of the annular laminated rubber body, without constraining the vibration isolation function of the support; and the flexible protective component can be disassembled and replaced separately if damaged, without disassembling the support body;

[0028] 4. The present invention uses an annular limiting cylinder, a central core column, and a limiting bearing surface set on the outer side wall of the lower pin box to form a central limiting system. When the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate and the lower end plate reaches the set limit value, the inner wall of the annular limiting cylinder contacts the limiting bearing surface, effectively limiting the maximum relative horizontal displacement, preventing excessive shear deformation of the support or dislodging of the upper structure, and improving the safety of the offshore photovoltaic support structure under seismic action.

[0029] 5. This invention centrally arranges vulnerable and triggering components in a replaceable shear pin box, and allows for top-level disassembly and assembly through the inspection hole on the upper end plate. After an earthquake, only the inspection cover needs to be opened, and the shear pin box can be completely removed and replaced through the inspection hole to restore the normal service function of the support. The support body remains undamaged, achieving the maintenance goal of "replacing small components to restore the function of the large support". This avoids the high construction costs and long-term downtime losses caused by replacing the entire support after an earthquake, and is especially suitable for application scenarios with a large number of support points and difficult construction and maintenance in offshore photovoltaic projects. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic systems.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fitting of an annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic support;

[0032] Figure 3 An exploded view of a ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic systems;

[0033] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the annular limiting cylinder and the replaceable shear pin box;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a 3D view of the replaceable shear pin box;

[0037] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the replaceable shear pin box;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of a replaceable shear pin box;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a 3D view of the detachable flexible protective component on the outside;

[0040] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the detachable flexible protective component on the outside.

[0041] In the diagram: 1- Annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body, 11- Upper end plate, 111- Inspection hole, 12- Lower end plate, 13- Annular laminated rubber body, 14- Inspection cover plate, 15- Cover plate sealing ring, 16- Cover plate fastener, 17- Annular limiting cylinder, 171- Inner connecting ear plate, 18- Central core column, 181- Core column connecting threaded hole, 19- Protective cover connecting interface, 2- Replaceable shear pin box, 21- Upper pin box, 211- Pin box connecting ear plate, 22- Upper connecting screw 23-Lower pin box, 231-Lower pin box connecting hole, 232-Limiting pressure bearing surface, 24-Dustproof sealing plug, 25-Weakening shear pin, 26-Elastic gap-eliminating bushing, 27-Lower fixing bolt, 3-Outer detachable flexible protective component, 31-Semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath, 311-Upper thickened sealing edge, 312-Lower thickened sealing edge, 313-Vertical thickened splicing edge, 32-End clamping ring, 33-Vertical splicing clamping strip, 34-Protective component connecting bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0043] The connections mentioned in this invention are divided into fixed connections and detachable connections. Fixed connections, also known as non-detachable connections, include but are not limited to conventional fixed connection methods such as folded connections, riveted connections, adhesive connections, and welded connections. Detachable connections include but are not limited to conventional disassembly methods such as threaded connections, snap-fit ​​connections, pin connections, and hinged connections. When a specific connection method is not explicitly defined, it is assumed that at least one existing connection method can always be found to achieve the function, and those skilled in the art can choose according to their needs. For example, a welded connection can be chosen for fixed connections, and a hinged connection can be chosen for detachable connections.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, this embodiment provides an annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic support, including an annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body 1, a replaceable shear pin box 2, and an outer detachable flexible protective component 3.

[0046] The annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body 1 is equipped with a replaceable shear pin box 2. The annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body 1 includes an upper end plate 11, a lower end plate 12, an annular laminated rubber body 13, and a maintenance cover plate 14.

[0047] The upper end plate 11 is used to connect with the upper photovoltaic grid, truss, or conversion node; the lower end plate 12 is used to connect with the lower piles, column top connecting plate, or foundation conversion component. This embodiment provides a ring rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic supports. During normal service, the vertical load of the upper structure is transferred through the upper end plate 11 to the ring laminated rubber body 13, and then to the lower end plate 12 and the lower piles.

[0048] An annular laminated rubber body 13 is installed between the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12. Preferably, the annular laminated rubber body 13 is formed by vulcanizing multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates, and has a through hole in the middle to accommodate the replaceable shear pin box 2, the annular limiting cylinder 17, and the central core 18. The annular laminated rubber body 13 is integrally connected to the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12 through factory vulcanization, thereby ensuring reliable transmission of vertical loads and horizontal shear forces. The annular laminated rubber body 13 contains the replaceable shear pin box 2, and the replaceable shear pin box 2 does not bear vertical constant load, so as to ensure that the triggering performance of the weakened shear pin 25 is not affected by vertical pressure.

[0049] An inspection hole 111 is provided on the upper end plate 11, corresponding to the upper position of the replaceable shear pin box 2. The inspection hole 111 is used for the installation, inspection, and replacement of the replaceable shear pin box 2. An inspection cover 14 is detachably provided over the inspection hole 111 to seal the central maintenance area during normal service, preventing salt spray, moisture, dust, and contaminants from entering the support. Preferably, a cover sealing ring 15 is provided between the inspection cover 14 and the upper end plate 11, and the inspection cover 14 is pressed and sealed to the upper end plate 11 by cover fasteners 16, such as screws or bolts.

[0050] An annular limiting cylinder 17 is fixedly disposed on the lower side of the upper end plate 11. Preferably, the annular limiting cylinder 17 is welded to the upper end plate 11 or integrally formed. A central core column 18 is fixedly disposed on the upper side of the lower end plate 12. Preferably, the central core column 18 is welded to the lower end plate 12 or integrally formed. The annular limiting cylinder 17 and the central core column 18 are coaxially arranged, and the annular limiting cylinder 17 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the central core column 18, forming an annular cavity between them. A replaceable shear pin box 2 is disposed in the annular cavity and is located in the inner hole area of ​​the annular laminated rubber body 13. The annular limiting cylinder 17, the central core column 18, and the shear pin box 2 together constitute the central limiting system of the support.

[0051] The replaceable shear pin box 2 is the core triggering component for realizing the dual-state working mechanism. The replaceable shear pin box 2 includes an upper pin box 21, a lower pin box 23, a weakening shear pin 25, an elastic gap-eliminating bushing 26, and a dustproof sealing plug 24.

[0052] The upper pin box 21 is fixedly connected to the annular limiting cylinder 17. Specifically, the upper pin box 21 is provided with four connecting ear plates 211, which are arranged equidistantly in a circumferential array. The connecting ear plates 211 are connected to the connecting ear plates 171 provided on the inner side of the annular limiting cylinder 17 by upper connecting bolts 22. Preferably, the connecting ear plates 211 can be provided with elongated holes or installation gaps to accommodate assembly errors and avoid transmitting unnecessary vertical loads to the shear pin box. The lower pin box 23 is fixedly connected to the central core column 18. Specifically, the lower pin box 23 is provided with a lower pin box connecting hole 231, which is connected to the core column connecting threaded hole 181 at the top of the central core column 18 by lower fixing bolts 27.

[0053] A shear pin 25 is disposed between the upper pin box 21 and the lower pin box 23. It is used to horizontally lock the upper pin box 21 and the lower pin box 23 under normal service conditions, and to shear or yield when the horizontal force reaches a set threshold to release the horizontal lock. The number, diameter, material strength, weakening section size, and arrangement of the shear pins 25 can be determined based on normal wind and wave action and seismic fortification action. The design principle is: no shearing or significant damage should occur under normal wind and wave cycles; the pins should shear or yield after the horizontal seismic force exceeds a set threshold, thus achieving support state switching.

[0054] The upper pin box 21 and / or lower pin box 23 are provided with mounting holes through which the shear pin 25 passes. An elastic backlash-eliminating bushing 26 is disposed between the shear pin 25 and the wall of the mounting hole to ensure stable contact between the shear pin and the hole wall, reducing the risk of impact, wear, and fatigue under long-term wind and wave circulation. The elastic backlash-eliminating bushing 26 can be made of polyurethane, rubber, elastic rolled bushing, or other materials or components with elastic backlash-eliminating functions.

[0055] A dustproof sealing plug 24 is disposed between the upper pin box 21 and the lower pin box 23 to seal the working area of ​​the weakening shear pin 25 and prevent salt spray, moisture and dust from entering the working area of ​​the shear pin. The dustproof sealing plug 24 may be made of weather-resistant rubber or elastic sealing material.

[0056] The outer wall of the lower pin box 23 forms a limiting bearing surface 232. When the weakening shear pin 25 is sheared and the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12 reaches the set limit, the inner wall of the annular limiting cylinder 17 contacts the limiting bearing surface 232 to limit the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12, and prevent the support from undergoing excessive shear deformation or the upper structure from dislodging.

[0057] The replaceable shear pin box 2 can be disassembled and assembled through the inspection hole 111 on the upper end plate 11. After an earthquake, if the weakening shear pin 25 breaks, the inspection cover plate 14 can be opened, the upper connecting bolt 22 and the lower fixing bolt 27 can be removed, the entire shear pin box can be taken out and replaced with a new shear pin box, or the weakening shear pin 25 and the elastic backlash elimination bushing 26 can be replaced, thereby restoring the support to normal wind and wave service condition.

[0058] The outer removable flexible protective component 3 is used to protect the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body 13, reducing the aging effects of the marine environment on the rubber material. For example... Figures 10 to 11 As shown, the outer detachable flexible protective component 3 includes two semi-annular corrugated flexible sheaths 31, end clamping rings 32, and vertical splicing clamping strips 33.

[0059] Two semi-annular corrugated flexible sheaths 31 are fitted together to cover the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body 13. The semi-annular corrugated flexible sheaths 31 adopt a two-lobed structure, which facilitates the external wrapping of the annular laminated rubber body 13 after the support is installed. A corrugated deformation section is provided in the middle of the semi-annular corrugated flexible sheaths 31 to accommodate the horizontal shear deformation and small angular deformation of the annular laminated rubber body 13 during the seismic isolation process.

[0060] The semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath 31 has an upper thickened sealing edge 311 at its upper end, a lower thickened sealing edge 312 at its lower end, and a vertical thickened splicing edge 313 at its vertical mating edge. Protective cover connection interfaces 19 are respectively provided on the outer edges of the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12. The upper thickened sealing edge 311 and the lower thickened sealing edge 312 mate with their corresponding protective cover connection interfaces 19 and are secured by end clamping rings 32. The end clamping rings 32 can be made of stainless steel, galvanized steel, or corrosion-resistant composite materials, and can adopt a segmented structure for easy on-site installation and disassembly.

[0061] The vertically thickened splicing edges 313 of the two semi-annular corrugated flexible sheaths 31 meet each other, and an integrally formed rib-groove sealing structure or an elastic sealing strip can be provided between the splicing edges. The vertical splicing clamping strip 33 is set on the outside of the splicing edge and clamps the two sheaths together by the protective component connecting bolts 34, thereby forming a detachable sealed splicing structure.

[0062] The semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath 31 is preferably made of weather-resistant rubber material that is resistant to salt spray, ultraviolet rays, ozone, and damp heat aging, such as EPDM rubber, neoprene rubber, or fabric-reinforced rubber. The outer detachable flexible protective component 3 does not participate in the vertical load-bearing and horizontal vibration isolation of the support, but is only used as a durable protective component. The outer detachable flexible protective component 3 can block salt spray, rainwater, moisture, ultraviolet rays, and pollutants from directly acting on the outer surface of the annular laminated rubber body 13, and can also undergo flexible deformation with the horizontal shear deformation of the support, without significantly constraining the vibration isolation function of the support. After it is damaged or aged, it can be replaced separately by removing the end clamping ring 32 and the vertical splicing clamping strip 33 without disassembling the annular laminated rubber support body.

[0063] This embodiment of an annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic systems has two main working states. The working method of the annular rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-based fixed offshore photovoltaic systems is as follows:

[0064] Under normal wind and wave operation, the vertical load transmitted by the upper photovoltaic grid is transferred to the lower piles via the upper end plate 11, the annular laminated rubber body 13, and the lower end plate 12. The horizontal load generated by the wind and wave circulation is transmitted through the horizontal locking path formed by the annular limiting cylinder 17, the upper pin box 21, the weakening shear pin 25, the lower pin box 23, and the central core column 18, giving the supports high horizontal constraint stiffness and reducing small-amplitude swaying of the upper photovoltaic structure.

[0065] Once the seismic force reaches the set threshold, the weakening shear pin 25 shears or yields, and the upper pin box 21 and lower pin box 23 are released from horizontal locking. At this time, horizontal shear deformation can occur between the upper end plate 11 and the lower end plate 12 through the annular laminated rubber body 13, and the support enters the vibration isolation state, thereby reducing the transmission of seismic force to the upper photovoltaic support and photovoltaic modules.

[0066] When the relative horizontal displacement caused by the earthquake further increases to the set limit, the annular limiting cylinder 17 comes into contact with the limiting bearing surface 232 of the central core column 18 or the lower pin box 23, so that the support enters the limiting state and prevents excessive relative displacement between the upper and lower end plates.

[0067] After an earthquake, the inspection cover 14 of the upper end plate 11 can be opened, and the replaceable shear pin box 2 can be disassembled through the inspection hole 111. A new shear pin box can be installed, or the weakening shear pin 25, the elastic gap-reducing bushing 26, and the dustproof sealing plug 24 can be replaced, thereby restoring the support to normal wind and wave service condition. If the outer flexible protective component 3 ages or is damaged, the end clamping ring 32 and the vertical splicing clamping strip 33 can be removed and replaced separately.

[0068] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic systems, characterized in that: The system includes an annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body (1), a replaceable shear pin box (2), and an externally detachable flexible protective component (3). The annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body (1) is equipped with a replaceable shear pin box (2). The annular laminated rubber vibration isolation bearing body (1) includes an upper end plate (11), a lower end plate (12), an annular laminated rubber body (13), and a maintenance cover plate (14). The annular laminated rubber body (13) is installed between the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12). The annular laminated rubber body (13) contains a replaceable shear pin box (2). The upper end plate (11) is provided with a maintenance hole (111), which corresponds to the upper position of the replaceable shear pin box (2). The maintenance cover plate (14) is detachably covered on the maintenance hole (111). The outer detachable flexible protective component (3) is wrapped around the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body (13), and its upper and lower ends are detachably connected to the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12) respectively, to protect the exposed surface of the annular laminated rubber body (13).

2. The annular rubber vibration isolation bearing for a pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular limiting cylinder (17) is fixedly provided on the lower side of the upper end plate (11), and a central core column (18) is fixedly provided on the upper side of the lower end plate (12). The annular limiting cylinder (17) and the central core column (18) are coaxially arranged and the annular limiting cylinder (17) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the central core column (18), forming an annular cavity between them. The replaceable shear pin box (2) is provided in the annular cavity and is located in the inner hole area of ​​the annular laminated rubber body (13).

3. The annular rubber vibration isolation bearing for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic systems according to claim 1, characterized in that: The replaceable shear pin box (2) includes an upper pin box (21), a lower pin box (23), and a weakening shear pin (25). The upper pin box (21) is fixedly connected to the annular limiting cylinder (17), and the lower pin box (23) is fixedly connected to the central core column (18). The weakening shear pin (25) is disposed between the upper pin box (21) and the lower pin box (23) for horizontally locking the upper pin box (21) and the lower pin box (23) under normal service conditions, and shearing or yielding to release the horizontal lock when the horizontal force reaches a set threshold.

4. The annular rubber vibration isolation bearing for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic systems according to claim 3, characterized in that: The replaceable shear pin box (2) further includes an elastic gap-free bushing (26) and a dustproof sealing plug (24). The upper pin box (21) and / or the lower pin box (23) are provided with mounting holes for the shear pin (25) to pass through. The elastic gap-free bushing (26) is disposed between the shear pin (25) and the wall of the mounting hole. The dustproof sealing plug (24) is disposed between the upper pin box (21) and the lower pin box (23) to seal the working area of ​​the shear pin (25).

5. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic supports according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer wall of the lower pin box (23) forms a limiting bearing surface (232). When the weakening shear pin (25) is sheared and the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12) reaches a set limit, the inner wall of the annular limiting cylinder (17) contacts the limiting bearing surface (232) to limit the relative horizontal displacement between the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12).

6. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic support according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper pin box (21) is provided with a connecting ear plate (211), and the connecting ear plate (211) is connected to the connecting ear plate (171) provided inside the annular limiting cylinder (17) by an upper connecting bolt (22); the lower pin box (23) is provided with a lower pin box connecting hole (231), and the lower pin box connecting hole (231) is connected to the core column connecting threaded hole (181) at the top of the central core column (18) by a lower fixing bolt (27).

7. The annular rubber vibration isolation bearing for a pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer detachable flexible protective component (3) includes two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves (31), end clamping rings (32), and vertical splicing clamping strips (33). The two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves (31) are fitted together and cover the outer periphery of the annular laminated rubber body (13). The end clamping rings (32) clamp and fix the upper and lower ends of the semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves (31) to the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12), respectively. The vertical splicing clamping strips (33) clamp and fix the vertical mating edges of the two semi-annular corrugated flexible sleeves (31).

8. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic supports according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper end of the semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath (31) is provided with an upper thickened sealing edge (311), the lower end is provided with a lower thickened sealing edge (312), and the vertical butt joint edge is provided with a vertical thickened splicing edge (313). The outer edges of the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12) are respectively provided with protective cover connection interfaces (19). The upper thickened sealing edge (311) and the lower thickened sealing edge (312) respectively cooperate with the corresponding protective cover connection interface (19) and are pressed and fixed by the end clamping ring (32). The semi-annular corrugated flexible sheath (31) is made of weather-resistant rubber material, and a corrugated deformation section is provided in the middle.

9. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing suitable for pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic supports according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cover sealing ring (15) is provided between the maintenance cover plate (14) and the upper end plate (11), and the maintenance cover plate (14) is pressed and sealed to the upper end plate (11) by cover plate fasteners (16).

10. A ring-shaped rubber vibration isolation bearing for a pile-foundation fixed offshore photovoltaic support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular laminated rubber body (13) is formed by vulcanizing multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates, and a through hole is provided in the middle. The replaceable shear pin box (2) is provided in the through hole. The annular laminated rubber body (13) is fixedly connected to the upper end plate (11) and the lower end plate (12) by vulcanization.

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