Pre-laid waterproof roll tenon and mortise locking structure and construction method

Abstract

The application discloses a pre-laid waterproof roll tenon-mortise locking structure and a construction method, and belongs to the technical field of buildings. The structure comprises a three-dimensional cavity tenon-mortise functional layer made of thermoplastic polyolefin material and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer, and the two are integrally formed into a continuous material body. The tenon-mortise functional layer is provided with a plurality of locking units, each unit is provided with a locking opening open to the post-cast concrete and a locking cavity in communication with the locking opening, and the transverse size of the locking cavity is greater than the corresponding size of the locking opening. When pouring, the cement slurry enters the locking cavity through the opening, and forms a geometrically limited concrete locking body after solidification, so that mechanical mortise locking connection is realized. The application does not need to rely on chemical adhesives, and can form reliable sealing and anti-pulling anchoring with the post-cast concrete by using the three-dimensional cavity structure on the surface of the thermoplastic polyolefin roll, so that the interface bonding stability of the waterproof layer of the underground engineering is effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building technology, specifically relating to the tenon and mortise locking structure and construction method of pre-laid waterproof membrane. Background Technology

[0002] Underground engineering waterproofing structures are constantly exposed to the combined effects of soil, groundwater, and the main structure. The waterproofing layer must function as a water barrier and withstand the interface effects caused by concrete shrinkage, base settlement, and long-term water pressure. Pre-laid waterproof membranes are laid on the base layer before the main concrete is poured. After the main concrete hardens, a relatively stable positional relationship is formed between the membrane and the membrane. This method is suitable for underground projects where working space is limited or it is difficult to construct from the outside. Due to the difficulty of maintenance after the underground structure is completed, a reliable interface constraint relationship must be maintained between the membrane and the main concrete.

[0003] Existing pre-laid waterproof membranes are typically bonded to poured concrete using adhesive layers, reactive layers, granular layers, or surface roughening structures. Chemical bonding pathways can be affected by changes in the properties of the adhesive materials and construction contamination under long-term humid and hot environments. Membranes relying on reactive adhesive layers are easily contaminated during construction, leading to a reduction in effective bonding area. While surface granules or shallow uneven structures can increase the contact area, the interfacial interaction remains primarily based on friction or shallow interlocking.

[0004] Another type of technology employs protruding anchoring components or cavity structures, where post-cast concrete surrounds the protruding component or enters the cavity to generate mechanical action. Protruding anchoring components occupy construction space, and the anchoring load is concentrated at the root of the component. Cavities with equal-width grooves or openings and internal dimensions allow cement grout to enter, but the solidified filler has a direct exit path along the original entry direction, and pull-out resistance depends on interfacial friction. Embedded cavity structures can reduce the assembly steps of individual anchors, but an effective geometric relationship must be established between the internal space and the entry space to achieve stable pull-out resistance.

[0005] If the mortise and tenon functional structure is connected to the waterproof main sheet through a secondary composite method, an independent interlayer failure path may form between the functional layer and the main sheet. The opening size, internal dimensions, height, and wall thickness of the locking cavity need to be designed collaboratively to accommodate both the entry of grout during construction and geometric confinement after curing. Furthermore, the vibration conditions during concrete construction directly affect the filling degree of the locking cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to allow the post-poured concrete to enter the locking space without relying on a reactive adhesive layer, and to form a geometrically confined pull-out mechanical connection after curing, while simultaneously reducing independent interlayer failure paths between the functional structure and the main sheet. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tenon-and-mortise locking structure and construction method for pre-laid waterproof membrane. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: in the scenario of pre-laid waterproofing in underground engineering, how to enable the post-poured concrete to enter the locking space on the waterproof membrane during the construction stage without using a reactive adhesive layer as the main locking mechanism on the side of the post-poured concrete, and to form a geometrically restricted pull-out mechanical connection after curing, while reducing the independent interlayer failure paths between the tenon-and-mortise functional structure and the main waterproof membrane.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] The pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon-and-mortise locking structure includes a three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer. Its key feature is that the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer are integrally formed as a continuous material body. The three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer has multiple tenon-and-mortise locking units. Each tenon-and-mortise locking unit has a locking opening facing the subsequently poured concrete and a locking cavity communicating with the locking opening. The locking cavity forms a locking area with a transverse dimension larger than the corresponding transverse dimension of the locking opening along the direction of the locking opening towards the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer. Cement slurry in the subsequently poured concrete can enter the locking cavity through the locking opening and, after curing, form a concrete locking body continuously connected to the subsequently poured concrete. The concrete locking body is geometrically constrained along the direction in which the pre-laid waterproof membrane separates from the subsequently poured concrete by the locking opening and the locking cavity wall.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, multiple mortise and tenon locking units are distributed in a matrix along the length and width directions of the three-dimensional cavity mortise and tenon functional layer, and the center distance between adjacent mortise and tenon locking units is 15mm to 40mm.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the width of the locking opening to the width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 0.4 to 0.7, the height of the tenon and mortise locking unit is 4 mm to 8 mm, and the thickness of the locking cavity wall is 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal section of the locking cavity is a trapezoid that gradually expands from the locking opening toward the bottom of the locking cavity, and the angle between the wall of the locking cavity and the bottom of the locking cavity is 75° to 85°.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer are integrally molded by injection molding using synthetic resin blended materials, and no secondary bonding adhesive layer is provided between the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synthetic resin blend material comprises polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin, and includes at least one of mineral filler, stabilizer, antioxidant and compatibilizer. The mineral filler is at least one of calcium carbonate and talc, and the compatibilizer is at least one of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer is 1.5mm to 4mm, the thickness of the matrix of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer is 2mm to 6mm, and the overall thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane is 4mm to 10mm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer has a self-adhesive region for construction positioning on the side opposite to the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer. The self-adhesive region contains at least one of styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer and polyurethane elastomer.

[0016] This invention also discloses a construction method for a pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon-and-mortise locking structure, comprising: cleaning the substrate and laying the pre-laid waterproof membrane on the substrate. The pre-laid waterproof membrane includes a three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer integrally forming a continuous material body and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer. The three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer has multiple tenon-and-mortise locking units. Each tenon-and-mortise locking unit has a locking opening facing the post-poured concrete and a locking cavity communicating with the locking opening. The locking cavity forms a locking area with a lateral dimension larger than the corresponding lateral dimension of the locking opening, and the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer faces... For the area where post-cast concrete is to be formed; after completing the positioning of the pre-laid waterproof membrane and the construction of the structural steel reinforcement, pour the post-cast concrete, and vibrate it while the post-cast concrete is in a fluid state, so that the cement slurry passes through the locking opening and enters the locking cavity; maintain the relative position of the pre-laid waterproof membrane and the post-cast concrete, so that the cement slurry entering the locking cavity and the post-cast concrete solidify synchronously and form a concrete locking body. The concrete locking body is geometrically restricted by the locking opening and the locking cavity wall and forms a pull-out mechanical interlocking connection with the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer; cure the post-cast concrete until it reaches the design strength.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after cleaning the base layer, the base layer is kept flat, firm and without sharp protrusions. Adjacent pre-laid waterproof membranes are overlapped with an overlap width of not less than 80mm, and the overlap area is treated with overlap adhesive tape.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, fixing members are set around the pre-laid waterproof membrane and at the overlapping parts, and the distance between adjacent fixing positions is 500mm to 1000mm. During the construction of structural steel reinforcement, temporary walkway boards are set on the pre-laid waterproof membrane to distribute the construction load.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the post-cast concrete is poured in layers, with each layer having a thickness of 300mm to 500mm and a vibration time of 15s to 20s. During the vibration process, cement slurry continuously enters the locking cavity until the locking cavity is filled with cement slurry for forming a concrete locking body.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, after the post-cast concrete is poured, it is kept moist and cured for no less than 7 days, so that the concrete locking body in the locking cavity can form the bearing strength synchronously with the post-cast concrete.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking cavity wall includes a first inclined wall segment extending outward from the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer and a second inclined wall segment extending from the first inclined wall segment to the locking opening, wherein the angle between the first inclined wall segment and the plane containing the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer is . The angle between the second inclined wall segment and the first inclined wall segment is ,in, and The intersection of the first inclined wall segment and the second inclined wall segment forms an inwardly bent locking step protruding towards the interior of the locking cavity; between two adjacent tenon and mortise locking units, the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer also forms an outer venting stress equalization groove, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the outer venting stress equalization groove and the locking opening is... The height of the tenon and mortise locking unit is ,satisfy:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula: The vertical distance between the bottom of the outer exhaust stress equalization groove and the locking opening is in mm; The height of the tenon and mortise locking unit is in mm.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the locking cavity has an annular slurry anchoring groove recessed into the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer, the depth of which is... The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer is ,satisfy:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula: The depth of the annular grout anchoring groove is in mm; The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer is in mm; the inner surface of the first inclined wall section has micro-nano-level uneven rough texture evenly distributed along the circumference, and the arithmetic mean deviation of the surface roughness of the micro-nano-level uneven rough texture is... for to .

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention integrates a three-dimensional hollow mortise and tenon functional layer with a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer to form a continuous material body. Furthermore, it constructs mortise and tenon locking units with locking openings and enlarged lateral dimensions on the functional layer, thereby altering the connection method between pre-laid waterproof membrane and post-poured concrete. The cement slurry in the post-poured concrete, in a flowing state, can smoothly pass through the locking openings into the locking cavities. After curing, the resulting concrete locking body is mechanically locked due to geometric limitations, establishing a pull-out resistant mechanical interlocking connection that does not rely on chemical adhesives.

[0029] Furthermore, when the locking cavity wall adopts a double-angle structure and forms an inwardly bent locking step, the concrete locking body generates a double-interlocked reverse buckling engagement surface at the step. The pull-out load is borne in stages, effectively reducing stress concentration at the edge of the locking opening, avoiding elastic expansion failure of the locking opening under pull-out conditions, and significantly improving pull-out peel strength and interfacial shear bearing capacity. An outer venting stress homogenization groove is provided to offer a lateral overflow channel for cement slurry during the pouring stage and promote gas discharge from the locking cavity, improving the filling quality of the locking cavity. During the curing shrinkage stage, this groove absorbs deformation stress and reduces the generation of interfacial shrinkage microcracks. An annular slurry anchoring groove is provided to form an annular rigid anchoring protrusion at the bottom of the locking cavity, enhancing the ability to resist horizontal shear slippage. The micro-nano-level rough texture formed on the inner surface of the first inclined wall section micro-interlocks with the hardened cement crystals, further improving the interfacial static friction engagement force. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tenon and mortise locking structure described in this invention.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] 1- Synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer, 2- Mortise and tenon locking unit, 3- Three-dimensional cavity mortise and tenon functional layer. Detailed Implementation

[0034] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0035] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0036] The pre-applied waterproof membrane consists of a three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1. The three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 is located on the side facing the subsequently poured concrete after construction, while the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is located on the side facing the substrate. The two parts form a continuous material body.

[0037] The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 is used to form a space for cement slurry to enter and a mechanical locking space after the concrete has cured. The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is used to maintain continuous waterproofing and bear the load transmitted by the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3. The two parts are connected without being connected by an independent secondary adhesive layer that bears the main locking load.

[0038] The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 is equipped with multiple tenon and mortise locking units 2. The tenon and mortise locking units 2 are not independent anchor plates extending into the back-poured concrete, but rather form a locking space inside the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 that can receive cement grout.

[0039] The tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2 has a locking opening, a locking cavity, and a locking cavity wall. The locking opening is located at the end of the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2 facing the post-cast concrete. The locking cavity extends from the locking opening toward the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1, and forms a lateral dimension larger than the locking opening in at least a certain region.

[0040] The lateral dimension refers to the cross-sectional dimension intersecting the main direction of cement slurry entry. For circular or near-circular locking openings, the lateral dimension can be understood as the opening diameter; for rectangular, trapezoidal, or irregular openings, the lateral dimension can be expressed as the effective width corresponding to the main pull-out direction. The locking cavity does not require a unique cross-sectional shape, as long as there is a locking area within the cavity that prevents the cured concrete lock from directly exiting through the locking opening while maintaining its overall shape.

[0041] The locking opening serves two different functions during construction. When the post-cast concrete is in a flowing state, the locking opening is a pathway for cement grout to enter the locking cavity. After the post-cast concrete has cured, the locking opening also constitutes a restricted area that the concrete locking body needs to pass through when moving in the release direction.

[0042] The inner locking region of the locking cavity has a corresponding lateral dimension larger than that of the locking opening. When the cement grout is in a flowing state, it can flow through the smaller locking opening to the wider locking region. After the cement grout solidifies into a concrete locking body, the concrete locking body maintains the outwardly expanding contour formed by the locking region, and therefore cannot pass through the locking opening as a whole without local deformation or damage.

[0043] During the fluidization stage, the cement grout has the ability to enter the locking cavity through the locking opening. This ability is influenced by the size of the locking opening, the fluidity of the concrete grout, aggregate distribution, pouring pressure, vibration method, and the depth of the locking cavity. The locking structure is primarily filled with cement grout and fine-particle components that can pass through the locking opening; it is not required that all coarse aggregate enter the locking cavity.

[0044] The size of coarse aggregate in the post-cast concrete may be larger than the locking opening. The fact that not all coarse aggregate enters the locking cavity does not affect the locking principle. The cement paste entering the locking cavity and the fine particles that can pass through the opening solidify to form a concrete locking body, which maintains a continuous connection with the external main concrete through the concrete portion at the locking opening.

[0045] During the process of cement grout entering the locking cavity, air in the locking cavity needs to be expelled through the locking opening. Pouring and vibration cause the grout to flow continuously around the locking opening, which can reduce local air retention. After the locking cavity is filled with a continuous grout, it enters the hydration and solidification stage.

[0046] After the post-cast concrete has cured, the grout entering the locking cavity forms a concrete locking body. The concrete locking body and the post-cast concrete located outside the locking opening are formed continuously during the hydration process; therefore, the concrete locking body is not an anchor that is assembled separately later.

[0047] When the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is subjected to peeling or pull-out forces away from the direction of the post-cast concrete, the load is transferred to the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 and the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2. The locking cavity wall attempts to move relative to the concrete locking body. Since the lateral dimension of the concrete locking body inside the locking cavity is larger than the locking opening, the concrete locking body cannot directly exit from the locking opening, thus generating mechanical pull-out restraint.

[0048] After the mechanical pull-out restraint is formed, the load is transferred along the locking cavity wall to the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3. The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 then distributes the load to the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1. Since the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 form a continuous material body, the load path does not need to pass through the independent adhesive interface that bears the main mechanical locking load.

[0049] The locking opening cannot be reduced indefinitely. If the locking opening is too small, the resistance to cement grout entry increases, and unfilled areas may form inside the locking cavity; if the locking opening is too large, the geometric constraints on the concrete locking body exiting through the locking opening decrease. Therefore, the dimensions of the locking opening and the internal dimensions of the locking cavity are mutually restrictive structural parameters.

[0050] In some embodiments, the ratio of the width of the locking opening to the width of the bottom of the locking cavity can be from 0.4 to 0.7. Taking a locking opening width of 6 mm and a locking cavity bottom width of 10 mm as an example, the total lateral expansion of the locking cavity relative to the locking opening on both sides is 4 mm. When the locking opening is in the middle position, a 2 mm lateral geometric constraint area is formed on each side.

[0051] When the width ratio is close to 0.4, the locking cavity expands significantly, and the lateral confinement area formed after the concrete locking body hardens increases accordingly, but the entry cross-section provided by the locking opening decreases. During construction, it is necessary to ensure that the locking cavity is fully filled by observing the flow state of the cement slurry and vibrating the surface.

[0052] When the width ratio is close to 0.7, the width of the locking opening increases relative to the width inside the locking cavity, improving the cement grout entry conditions and relatively reducing the geometric shoulder size available after curing. Therefore, a range of 0.4 to 0.7 is used to configure the structure between cement grout entry conditions and mechanical restraint conditions.

[0053] The height of the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2 can be 4mm to 8mm. The thickness of the locking cavity wall can be 1mm to 3mm. Increasing the height can provide more fillable space, but it will also increase the amount of material used and affect the surface construction conditions of the roll material. If the locking cavity wall is too thin, it is prone to deformation under the load of trampling, reinforcement construction and pouring, while if it is too thick, it will reduce the effective space of the locking cavity.

[0054] The tenon and mortise locking unit 2 can form a matrix along the length and width of the roll material. The center-to-center distance ranges from 15mm to 40mm. When formally determining the quantity per unit area, it is calculated based on the actual matrix form using the center-to-center distance and the effective area of ​​the roll material, avoiding the simultaneous use of inconsistent center-to-center distance and quantity ranges.

[0055] The matrix arrangement allows multiple tenon-and-mortise locking units 2 to form discrete locking positions on the surface of the roll material. When a single tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2 is subjected to a load, the load is distributed to adjacent areas through the three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1. As the number of locking units per unit area increases, the number of locking positions involved in load transfer increases, but the structural complexity of the roll material surface and the amount of material used also change.

[0056] The locking cavity can have a trapezoidal longitudinal section. In the trapezoidal structure, the locking opening is located on the narrower side of the trapezoid, and the bottom of the locking cavity is located on the wider side of the trapezoid. The wall of the locking cavity forms an inclined surface between the locking opening and the bottom of the locking cavity.

[0057] The angle between the locking cavity wall and the bottom of the locking cavity can be between 75° and 85°. This angle describes the extent to which the locking cavity extends from the locking opening towards the bottom of the locking cavity. The specific angle is based on the angle between the plane containing the bottom of the locking cavity and the inner surface of the locking cavity wall.

[0058] The trapezoidal shape of the locking cavity does not alter the core function relationship. Cement grout still enters through the locking opening, expands to both sides inside the locking cavity, and forms a concrete locking body with an outwardly expanding profile after curing.

[0059] In some embodiments, the locking cavity wall may adopt a double-angle structure, specifically including a first inclined wall segment extending outward from the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 and a second inclined wall segment extending from the first inclined wall segment to the locking opening. The angle between the first inclined wall segment and the plane containing the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is [insert angle here]. The inward fold angle between the second inclined wall segment and the first inclined wall segment is ,satisfy and The intersection of the first and second inclined wall sections forms an inwardly bent locking step that protrudes into the locking cavity. This causes the locking cavity to form a double-stepped variable cross-section that narrows first and then widens as it extends from the opening to the bottom. The solidified concrete locking body forms a double-interlocking reverse-clamping mechanical interlocking surface at the step, which significantly improves the pull-out resistance.

[0060] Furthermore, in the non-cavity area between two adjacent tenon-and-mortise locking units 2, the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 can also form an outer stress-equalizing groove for venting. The vertical distance between the bottom of this groove and the locking opening is... The height of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2 is ,satisfy The outer venting stress homogenization groove provides a lateral overflow channel for the squeezed cement slurry during concrete pouring, facilitating the discharge of gas from the locking cavity; during concrete curing and shrinkage, it plays a role in homogenizing and releasing deformation stress, reducing interfacial shrinkage microcracks.

[0061] Furthermore, the bottom of the locking cavity can be provided with an annular slurry anchoring groove that is recessed into the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1. The depth of the annular slurry anchoring groove is... The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is ,satisfy The groove allows the concrete lock body to form a ring-shaped rigid anchoring protrusion on the substrate, effectively resisting horizontal shear slippage. The inner surface of the first inclined wall section also has a micro-nano-level uneven rough texture evenly distributed along the circumference, with an arithmetic mean deviation of its surface roughness. for to It can form micro-intercalation with hardened cement crystals, further enhancing the static frictional interlocking force at the interface.

[0062] The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 provides continuous waterproofing and bears the load transmitted by the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3. The synthetic resin blend material can be composed of polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin as the base resin system.

[0063] Polypropylene resin possesses high rigidity and heat resistance, which enhances its ability to maintain the structural contour of the mortise and tenon joint functional layer 3. Polyethylene resin exhibits good flexibility and impact resistance, reducing the risk of brittle damage to continuous polymer materials under conditions of localized deformation of the substrate or low-temperature construction.

[0064] When polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin are used together, both the material processing flow state and the final structural properties need to be considered. After the base resin system is melt-plasticized, it needs to enter the molding space to form the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 and the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3.

[0065] Synthetic resin blends can also incorporate at least one of the following: mineral fillers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, and compatibilizers, depending on processing requirements. Mineral fillers, such as calcium carbonate or talc, are used to adjust the material's processing properties and post-molding stiffness.

[0066] The particle size of the mineral filler can range from 5 μm to 25 μm. Excessively large particle sizes can affect the surface continuity of the thin-walled locking cavity, while smaller particle sizes allow for more uniform dispersion in the polyolefin resin system. The specific particle size is determined based on the actual raw materials and processing equipment.

[0067] Antioxidants are used to slow down the rate at which the resin's oxidative properties deteriorate during melt processing and use. UV stabilizers are used to reduce the effects of photoaging when the roofing membrane is stored, transported, or installed under sunlight. While the roofing membrane is typically not directly exposed to sunlight after the underground structure is put into use, sunlight may still be present during the production and construction phases.

[0068] Compatibilizers can be maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene or maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, used to improve the blending state of polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin, so that the two types of resins form a more stable interfacial bonding relationship.

[0069] All components are calculated based on the total mass of the same batch of materials as 100%. During production, the actual amount of base resin and functional additives added is determined first, and then the mass percentage of each component is calculated based on the total mass. The sum of the mass percentages of all components in any specific formulation is 100%.

[0070] The three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 can be formed by injection molding. The processing temperature is 220℃ to 250℃, the injection pressure is 80MPa to 120MPa, the mold temperature is 20℃ to 40℃, and the molding cycle is 15s to 40s. The injection pressure forces the molten resin into the molding space corresponding to the locking cavity wall and the sheet area. After molding, a continuous material structure with the three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is formed.

[0071] The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 can be 1.5mm to 4mm. The matrix thickness of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 can be 2mm to 6mm. The overall thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane can be 4mm to 10mm.

[0072] The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 ensures continuous waterproofing and bears the locking load. The thickness of the matrix of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 provides the structural foundation for the tenon and mortise locking unit 2. The protrusion height of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2, the thickness of the functional layer matrix, and the thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 together affect the actual cross-sectional dimensions of the roll material.

[0073] The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 may also have a self-adhesive area for construction positioning. The self-adhesive area is located on the side facing away from the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3, that is, the side facing the substrate during construction.

[0074] The self-adhesive area can contain styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer or polyurethane elastomer. The function of the self-adhesive area is to reduce displacement of the membrane before reinforcement installation and concrete pouring.

[0075] The self-adhesive area is not located between the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the post-poured concrete, and does not participate in the mechanical locking of the concrete locking body. The bonding mechanism on the post-poured concrete side still consists of the locking opening, the locking cavity, and the concrete locking body.

[0076] During construction, the base layer can be a concrete subbase or other underground engineering base layer that meets the pre-laying conditions. The base surface should be cleaned of scum, debris, and standing water, and any sharp protrusions that may puncture the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 should be removed.

[0077] The flatness of the substrate should be controlled according to the construction requirements of the corresponding underground waterproofing project, for example, the height difference should not exceed 5mm per square meter. If there are sharp protrusions in the substrate, they should be cleaned or repaired before laying the pre-laid waterproof membrane.

[0078] When laying the pre-laid waterproof membrane, the three-dimensional hollow tenon and mortise functional layer 3 faces the side of the subsequent structural steel reinforcement and post-poured concrete. The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 faces the base layer.

[0079] During the installation of the roll material, it should be kept in a naturally flat state to avoid artificial stretching that could create prestress and form wrinkles that could affect subsequent steel reinforcement and concrete pouring. After installation, the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2 should have its locking opening facing the space to be poured.

[0080] Adjacent pre-laid waterproof membranes may overlap with a width of not less than 80mm, and overlap adhesive tape shall be used at the overlap. The overlap adhesive tape shall be used to seal the construction joints between the membranes, and shall not be part of the mechanical locking mechanism between the post-poured concrete and the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3.

[0081] After the overlap is completed, a pressure roller can be used to roll it, keeping the overlap flat and reducing local air trapping. The pressure roller operation does not change the locking cavity structure of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3.

[0082] After pre-laying, fasteners can be installed around the perimeter of the membrane and at the overlaps. The spacing between the fasteners can be 500mm to 1000mm. The fasteners can be plastic fixing pads or metal fasteners suitable for pre-laying waterproof membranes.

[0083] The function of the fasteners is to maintain the position of the pre-laid waterproof membrane before the subsequent concrete pouring. The fasteners do not provide the main tenon and mortise locking function after the subsequent concrete has cured.

[0084] When construction workers are tying structural steel bars, temporary walkways can be used to distribute localized trampling loads and prevent the ends of the steel bars from directly concentrating on the tenon and mortise locking unit 2. During the hoisting of steel bars, the sharp ends of the steel bars should be controlled to prevent direct impact on the surface of the roofing membrane.

[0085] The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 is made of a synthetic resin blend material with certain flexibility and structural rigidity. When subjected to short-term local loads, the material can undergo elastic deformation within an allowable range and maintain the basic geometric relationship between the locking opening and the locking cavity after the load is removed.

[0086] During the pouring of post-concrete, the tenon and mortise locking unit 2 faces upwards when the base slab is under construction, and faces the area to be poured when the side wall or other structure is under construction. After the post-concrete comes into contact with the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3, cement slurry covers the outer surface of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2.

[0087] The post-cast concrete can be poured in layers, with each layer being 300mm to 500mm thick. Layered pouring is used to control the volume of each pour, ensuring that the concrete near the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 is properly vibrated.

[0088] Vibration causes the grout inside the post-poured concrete to redistribute and expel some local air. Under the combined action of vibration, gravity, and local pouring pressure, the cement grout passes through the locking opening and enters the locking cavity.

[0089] The vibrator should be operated according to the concrete construction requirements. The vibration time can be controlled between 15 and 20 seconds. The control objective of vibration is to make the concrete near the surface of the membrane dense and to allow the cement slurry to enter the locking cavity through the locking opening, rather than directly impacting the three-dimensional hollow mortise and tenon functional layer 3 with the vibrator.

[0090] As cement grout continues to enter, the air in the locking cavity is expelled through the locking opening until the locking cavity is filled with enough grout to form a continuous concrete locking body.

[0091] When the width of the locking opening is smaller than the diameter of some coarse aggregate particles, the coarse aggregate remains outside the locking opening, while cement slurry and smaller particles enter the locking cavity. After curing, the concrete locking body formed inside the locking cavity remains continuous with the subsequent pouring of the main concrete.

[0092] After the post-cast concrete is poured, the hydration and strength formation stages begin. The cement slurry inside the locking cavity hydrates synchronously with the external post-cast concrete. As the hydration products form, a concrete locking body is formed inside the locking cavity.

[0093] The concrete locking body is continuously connected to the external post-cast concrete through the concrete neck at the locking opening. The laterally extended portion inside the locking cavity forms a mechanical limiting portion relative to the locking opening.

[0094] After the post-concrete pouring is completed, it can be covered with plastic film for moisture retention and curing, and the curing time should not be less than 7 days.

[0095] The locking condition is achieved when the concrete locking body has reached a strength sufficient to maintain the internal geometry of the locking cavity. During construction, it is not necessary to separately disassemble or activate the tenon and mortise components. The tenon and mortise locking process is complete once the post-poured concrete reaches the design strength requirements.

[0096] Pre-laid waterproof membrane can be used for basement floor slabs. During the construction of the basement floor slab, the pre-laid waterproof membrane is laid flat on the concrete cushion layer, with the three-dimensional hollow tenon and mortise functional layer 3 facing upwards, and the structural steel reinforcement located above the membrane. The subsequent concrete is poured from above.

[0097] Pre-applied waterproof membranes can also be used in locations requiring pre-applied waterproofing, such as underground utility tunnels, underground stations, and tunnels. While the direction of gravity may change under different construction orientations, the locking mechanism remains based on cement slurry entering the locking cavity through the locking opening and forming geometric constraints after curing.

[0098] To facilitate a better understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific implementation examples.

[0099] Example 1: A three-dimensional hollow mortise and tenon functional layer 3 is integrally formed with a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1. The mortise and tenon locking units 2 are arranged in a matrix. The locking opening is located at the upper end of the mortise and tenon locking unit 2, and the locking cavity expands from the locking opening towards the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1.

[0100] The following dimensions are adopted: center distance of tenon and mortise locking unit 2 25mm, locking opening width 6mm, bottom width of locking cavity 10mm, height of tenon and mortise locking unit 2 6mm, wall thickness of locking cavity 2mm.

[0101] The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is 2.5 mm. The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 are integrally molded using the same synthetic resin blending system.

[0102] The tenon and mortise locking units 2 are arranged with a center-to-center distance of 25mm along the length and width of the roll material. The locking opening width of a single tenon and mortise locking unit 2 is smaller than the bottom width of the locking cavity, so that the locking cavity forms an inner lateral expansion area.

[0103] During construction, clean the concrete base layer, removing scum, debris, accumulated water, and sharp protrusions. After cleaning the base layer, lay the three-dimensional hollow mortise and tenon functional layer 3 with the top facing upwards.

[0104] Adjacent rolls of material should overlap with a width of not less than 80mm. The overlap area should be treated with overlap tape and then rolled. Fixtures should be installed around the perimeter of the roll and at the overlap areas to restrict movement of the roll during rebar installation.

[0105] Temporary walkways are laid in key pedestrian areas during structural reinforcement construction. These temporary walkways are used to distribute the concentrated loads caused by people walking on them.

[0106] The post-cast concrete is poured in layers. Each layer of concrete is vibrated after it is laid. After the post-cast concrete comes into contact with the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3, cement grout covers and locks the opening.

[0107] Vibration forces the cement grout through a 6mm locking opening into a 10mm wide locking cavity. Once inside, the grout expands to both sides of the locking cavity, while air inside the cavity is expelled through the locking opening.

[0108] The lateral geometry of a single symmetrical locking cavity is used for illustration. The bottom width of the locking cavity is 4 mm wider than the locking opening, so in the symmetrical state, there is a 2 mm lateral expansion area on each side of the locking opening.

[0109] The fluidized slurry can enter the expansion region through the locking opening. The slurry does not require the solid structure to pass through an opening smaller than itself; instead, it occupies the expansion region by utilizing the flow of liquid material and space filling.

[0110] After the post-cast concrete is poured, it is covered and kept moist for curing. The grout in the locking cavity hydrates simultaneously with the post-cast concrete.

[0111] The solidified concrete locking body has an outward expansion portion with a bottom width of 10mm inside the locking cavity, while the concrete locking body and the main body post-poured concrete remain continuous through the locking opening area.

[0112] When the pre-laid waterproof membrane is subjected to a force away from the direction of the subsequently poured concrete, the concrete locking body cannot be completely removed through the 6mm locking opening without local material deformation or damage. The mechanical restraint load is transferred from the locking cavity wall to the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3, and then to the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1.

[0113] After curing, a continuous waterproof layer is formed, creating a mechanical interlocking relationship between it and the main concrete.

[0114] Example 2: Based on Example 1, a trapezoidal locking cavity is further defined.

[0115] The width of the locking opening is 5mm, the width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 12mm, the height of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2 is 7mm, and the angle between the wall of the locking cavity and the bottom of the locking cavity is 80°.

[0116] The ratio of the width of the locking opening to the bottom width of the locking cavity is 5 divided by 12, resulting in approximately 0.417, which falls within the range of 0.4 to 0.7.

[0117] Similar to Example 1, during construction, the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 faces the post-poured concrete. The post-poured concrete is poured in layers and vibrated, allowing cement slurry to pass through the locking opening and fill the locking cavity.

[0118] When the cement grout first enters the 5mm locking opening, it is limited by the lateral range of the locking opening. After entering the locking cavity, as the locking cavity gradually expands towards the bottom, the cement grout can continue to fill to both sides.

[0119] The bottom width of the locking cavity is 12mm, creating a 7mm total lateral dimension difference relative to the 5mm locking opening. In the case of a symmetrical structure, a 3.5mm geometric expansion area is formed on each side.

[0120] After the post-poured concrete enters the curing stage, the grout inside the locking cavity forms a concrete locking body corresponding to the contour of the trapezoidal locking cavity. The concrete locking body is wider than the locking opening near the bottom of the locking cavity.

[0121] When the roll material is subjected to a load in the detachment direction, geometric interference occurs between the locking cavity wall and the outward expansion of the concrete locking body. The load is transferred to the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 through the locking cavity wall and the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3.

[0122] Example 3: The basic structure is the same as that of Example 1, except that a self-adhesive area is provided on the side of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 facing the substrate.

[0123] The self-adhesive area is formed of a material containing styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer or polyurethane elastomer, and is used to temporarily position the roll material relative to the base layer before the subsequent concrete is poured.

[0124] The self-adhesive area is located only on one side of the base layer. The side of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 facing the post-poured concrete still uses locking openings, locking cavities and concrete locking bodies to form a mechanical interlock.

[0125] During construction, the substrate is cleaned and the roll material is laid. The self-adhesive area provides temporary constraint between the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 and the substrate during the construction phase. After confirming the roll material laying position, the overlap of adjacent roll materials is completed.

[0126] Temporary walkways were used during the construction of the structural reinforcement. The self-adhesive area and surrounding fasteners together restricted the significant movement of the membrane due to personnel walking, dragging of reinforcement, or material handling.

[0127] The post-cast concrete is poured in layers. Cement slurry enters the locking cavity and forms a concrete locking body during the curing stage. After the concrete locking body is formed, the long-term connection on one side of the post-cast concrete mainly relies on mechanical interlocking.

[0128] During the construction of the basement floor slab, a concrete subbase can be used as the base layer. After the roofing membrane is laid, the structural steel reinforcement is tied, and then the concrete is poured from above the roofing membrane.

[0129] In the construction of underground utility tunnels, underground stations, or tunnels, as long as the rolled material can be pre-laid before the subsequent concrete pouring and the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer faces the space to be poured, the same technical process of cement slurry entry, synchronous curing, and geometric locking can be adopted.

[0130] Example 4: The locking process is illustrated using the same dimensions as in Example 1.

[0131] The width of the locking opening is 6mm, the bottom width of the locking cavity is 10mm, the height of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2 is 6mm, the wall thickness of the locking cavity is 2mm, and the center distance between adjacent tenon and mortise locking units 2 is 25mm.

[0132] The construction workers lay the roll material on the base layer, with the three-dimensional hollow mortise and tenon functional layer 3 facing upwards. Adjacent rolls are overlapped with an overlap width of not less than 80mm, and the rolls and overlaps are secured in place by fasteners.

[0133] After the structural reinforcement is completed, the post-concrete is poured in layers with a thickness of 300mm to 500mm. After the post-concrete reaches the surface of the membrane, it is covered with tenon and mortise locking unit 2.

[0134] The flowing cement slurry contacts the 6mm locking opening. Vibration redistributes the slurry near the membrane surface, allowing cement slurry and fine particles that can pass through the locking opening to enter the locking cavity. Larger coarse aggregates that cannot pass through the locking opening remain in the main concrete area outside the locking opening.

[0135] After entering the locking cavity, the cement grout expands into the lateral region corresponding to a bottom width of 10mm. The bottom of the locking cavity is 4mm wider than the locking opening, forming a 2mm lateral expansion on each side in the symmetrical structure. During the flow stage, the cement grout occupies the expansion regions on both sides.

[0136] As cement grout enters, air inside the locking cavity is expelled through the locking opening. Vibration time can be controlled between 15 and 20 seconds, and adjusted according to the density of the main concrete. During construction, avoid direct impact of the vibrator on the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2.

[0137] After curing, the cement grout in the locking cavity forms a concrete locking body that is continuously connected to the subsequently poured concrete. The concrete locking body forms an outward expansion portion with a corresponding width of 10mm inside the locking cavity, while the position of the concrete locking body leading to the external subsequently poured concrete is limited by a 6mm locking opening.

[0138] When the pre-laid waterproof membrane is subjected to a force away from the direction of the subsequently poured concrete, the 10mm internal concrete locking body cannot directly pass through the 6mm locking opening while maintaining the overall outline, thus generating mechanical pull-out restraint. The load is transferred through the locking cavity wall to the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3, and then to the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1.

[0139] The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 transfers the localized load to the surrounding continuous material area while maintaining the continuity of the waterproof sheet. There is no secondary adhesive interface between the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 that bears the main locking load.

[0140] After the post-poured concrete has completed its moisture retention and curing and reached the design strength required by the corresponding engineering structural design documents, the grout entry stage, the locking cavity filling stage, the synchronous curing stage, and the geometric pull-out locking stage constitute a complete construction and service state transition process.

[0141] Example 5: This example provides a pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon and mortise locking structure with double-angle locking wall and outer venting stress homogenization structure.

[0142] The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 are integrally injection molded into a continuous material body using blended resin material. The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1... The thickness is 2.5mm. The base thickness of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 is 3.0mm, and the overall thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane is 8.5mm. The height of the tenon and mortise locking unit 2 is... The width of the locking opening is 5.5 mm, and the lateral width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 11.0 mm.

[0143] The locking cavity wall is composed of a first inclined wall segment and a second inclined wall segment along the cross-sectional direction. The first inclined wall segment extends inclinedly outward from the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1, and the angle between the first inclined wall segment and the horizontal reference plane where the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is located is... The angle is 80°. The second inclined wall segment extends from the end of the first inclined wall segment toward the locking opening, and the inward fold angle between the second inclined wall segment and the first inclined wall segment is 80°. The angle is 115°. Because the first and second inclined wall segments form an angle in space, the transition area where they intersect creates an inwardly curved locking step that continuously surrounds the locking cavity circumferentially. This inwardly curved locking step causes the locking cavity to form a double-stepped variable cross-section that first narrows inward and then suddenly widens outward as it extends from the locking opening towards the bottom.

[0144] In the non-cavity solid area between two adjacent tenon-and-mortise locking units 2, a three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 is provided with an outer venting stress equalization groove. The cross-section of the outer venting stress equalization groove is a rounded trapezoid. The vertical distance between the bottom of the outer venting stress equalization groove and the outer surface plane where the locking opening is located is... The vertical distance between the bottom of the outer venting stress homogenization groove and the locking opening is 2.7mm. Height of mortise and tenon locking unit 2 The ratio is 0.45, falling within the range of 0.35 to 0.60.

[0145] The bottom of the locking cavity also features an integrally molded annular grout anchoring groove. This annular grout anchoring groove is arranged around the geometric center of the bottom of the locking cavity, and its depth... The depth of the annular grout anchoring groove is 0.50 mm. Thickness of polymer sheet layer 1 blended with synthetic resin The ratio is 0.20, falling within the range of 0.15 to 0.30. The inner surface of the first inclined wall section forms a micro-nano-level rough texture under the electro-discharge micro-etching process on the mold core surface, with an arithmetic mean deviation of its surface roughness. for .

[0146] During production, 65 parts by weight of impact-resistant copolymer polypropylene resin, 25 parts by weight of low-density polyethylene resin, 5 parts by weight of fine talc powder with a particle size of 10 μm, and 5 parts by weight of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene compatibilizer are added to a high-speed mixer and mixed evenly. The mixture is then fed into a screw extruder and melted and plasticized at 230°C. The melt is then injected into a preheated (30°C) double-step injection mold cavity. The injection pressure is set to 100 MPa, and the holding time is set to 12 seconds. After cooling and setting, the material is demolded to obtain an integrally molded pre-laid waterproof membrane.

[0147] During construction, the concrete basement slab surface is cleaned, and the pre-laid waterproof membrane of this embodiment is laid, with the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 facing upwards. Adjacent pre-laid waterproof membranes overlap by 100mm and are sealed and compacted using special overlap adhesive tape. After the structural reinforcement is tied, post-cast concrete with a strength grade of C35 is poured.

[0148] Under the layered pouring of post-cast concrete and the vibration of the immersion vibrator, the fluid cement grout rapidly covers the tenon-and-mortise locking unit 2. Driven by its own weight and high-frequency vibration field, the fluid cement grout passes through the 5.5mm locking opening, is guided by the second inclined wall section, and flows deep into the locking cavity, completely filling the bottom annular grout anchoring groove. During the process of the cement grout filling the locking cavity, the gas that was originally inside the locking cavity is discharged outward along the locking opening; at the same time, the outer venting stress homogenization groove between adjacent tenon-and-mortise locking units 2 provides a lateral micro-expansion and lateral overflow channel for the cement grout that is compressed on the outside, avoiding local underfilling and void defects in the locking cavity caused by air resistance.

[0149] After pouring, the concrete is kept moist for 14 days to allow the cement slurry inside the locking cavity to hydrate and harden synchronously with the subsequent concrete, forming a high-density concrete locking body. The concrete locking body forms a 0.50mm deep annular embedded root at the bottom of the locking cavity, and forms a double-interlocking reverse-clamping mechanical engagement surface at the inward-bending locking step.

[0150] The interfacial mechanics and anti-water-passing performance of the pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon-and-mortise locking structure prepared in this embodiment were tested. The samples of this embodiment, Example 1, and Comparative Example 1 were respectively cast with C35 concrete and cured for 28 days. The pull-out peel strength, interfacial shear bearing capacity, and anti-water-passing performance under 0.8MPa water pressure were then tested.

[0151] Test results show that the double-angled locking wall and slurry anchoring structure of this embodiment improve the pull-out peel strength by about 51% and the interfacial shear limit load by about 44% compared with Example 1. Moreover, there is no water leakage under constant pressure of 0.8MPa for 24 hours. In contrast, the comparative example 1 with a straight cylindrical wall of equal width experienced severe interfacial water leakage when the pressure was raised to 0.3MPa.

[0152] When subjected to tensile loads, the pull-out load is not directly applied to a single inclined plane, but rather is borne in stages by the inwardly bent locking step and the first inclined wall section. Due to the included angle... At an angle of 115°, the pull-out load is decomposed on the surface of the inward-bending locking step into a normal pressure component perpendicular to the second inclined wall segment and a shear resistance component along the first inclined wall segment. This graded load transfer path significantly reduces the stress concentration peak at the edge of the locking cavity wall, preventing the locking opening from undergoing instantaneous trumpet-shaped elastic expansion failure under strong pull-out conditions.

[0153] The bottom annular grout anchoring groove creates a rigid annular anchoring protrusion on the base, preventing minute rigid body slippage of the concrete lock body under horizontal shear force. The micro-nano-level rough texture on the inner surface of the first inclined wall section (…) The micro-intercalation of the hardened cement microcrystals further improves the static frictional interlocking force between the matrix and the concrete interface.

[0154] The outer venting stress homogenizing groove between adjacent tenon and mortise locking units 2 not only eliminates air resistance during concrete pouring in the construction stage, but also acts as a stress homogenizing and releasing island during the curing and shrinkage process of the post-poured concrete. The minute volume shrinkage stress during the hydration and hardening of the post-poured concrete is absorbed by the outer venting stress homogenizing groove, preventing the generation and penetration of shrinkage micro-cracks at the interface between the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer 3 and the post-poured concrete, thus eliminating water seepage channels.

[0155] Example 6: This example further illustrates the parameter boundary configuration of the double-angle locking wall structure.

[0156] Based on Example 5, the geometric dimensions and material ratios of each structure were adjusted:

[0157] Height of mortise and tenon locking unit 2 The thickness is 8.0 mm, the width of the locking opening is 4.5 mm, the lateral width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 11.25 mm, and the ratio of the width of the locking opening to the width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 0.40. The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is... It is 3.5mm.

[0158] The angle between the first inclined wall section and the horizontal reference plane where the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer 1 is located Adjusted to 76°. The inward fold angle between the second inclined wall segment and the first inclined wall segment. Adjusted to 122°. The vertical distance between the bottom of the outer venting stress homogenization groove and the locking opening. Set to 3.2mm, so that Depth of the annular grout anchoring groove Setting it to 0.95mm makes The arithmetic mean deviation of the surface roughness of the micro-nano-level uneven rough texture on the inner surface of the first inclined wall section. Set as .

[0159] In the synthetic resin blend, the impact copolymer polypropylene resin is 70 parts by mass, the high-density polyethylene resin is 20 parts by mass, the fine calcium carbonate filler is 6 parts by mass, and the maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene compatibilizer is 4 parts by mass.

[0160] This technology was applied in the pre-laying waterproofing project for the cast-in-place side walls of underground utility tunnels. The pre-laid waterproof membrane was vertically suspended and laid inside the retaining piles, with the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer 3 facing the space of the cast-in-place side wall. C40 high-flow self-compacting concrete was then poured.

[0161] Under the conditions of high lateral hydrostatic pressure and gravity flow shear during sidewall casting, due to the included angle The angle is 76°, forming an extremely deep, large-angle interlocking back angle inside the locking cavity. After the concrete locking body cures, it firmly embeds itself in this large-angle back angle, with a measured pull-out peel strength of 5.20 N / mm. A 0.95 mm deep annular grout anchoring groove... The synergistic effect of the micro-nano rough texture resisted a continuous gravity shear load of up to 210.3 kN / m² in the vertical direction of the sidewall. No relative sagging displacement was observed on the surface of the roll material, and the entire interface remained free from leakage and water seepage for 48 hours under a water pressure of 1.0 MPa.

[0162] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0163] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon-and-mortise locking structure, comprising a three-dimensional hollow tenon-and-mortise functional layer and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer, characterized in that: The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer are integrated to form a continuous material body. The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer has multiple tenon and mortise locking units. Each tenon and mortise locking unit has a locking opening that faces the post-poured concrete and a locking cavity that communicates with the locking opening. The locking cavity forms a locking area with a transverse dimension larger than the transverse dimension corresponding to the locking opening along the direction of the locking opening toward the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer. The cement slurry in the post-poured concrete can enter the locking cavity through the locking opening and form a concrete locking body that is continuously connected to the post-poured concrete after curing. The concrete locking body is geometrically restricted by the locking opening and the locking cavity wall along the direction of the pre-laid waterproof membrane separating from the post-poured concrete.

2. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple mortise and tenon locking units are distributed in a matrix along the length and width of the three-dimensional cavity mortise and tenon functional layer, with the center distance between adjacent mortise and tenon locking units ranging from 15mm to 40mm.

3. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the width of the locking opening to the width of the bottom of the locking cavity is 0.4 to 0.7, the height of the tenon and mortise locking unit is 4 mm to 8 mm, and the thickness of the locking cavity wall is 1 mm to 3 mm.

4. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 3, characterized in that: The longitudinal section of the locking cavity is a trapezoid that gradually widens from the locking opening toward the bottom of the locking cavity, and the angle between the wall of the locking cavity and the bottom of the locking cavity is 75° to 85°.

5. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer are integrally molded using synthetic resin blended materials through injection molding. No secondary bonding adhesive layer is set between the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer and the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer.

6. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 5, characterized in that: The synthetic resin blend material includes polypropylene resin and polyethylene resin, and contains at least one of mineral filler, stabilizer, antioxidant and compatibilizer. The mineral filler is at least one of calcium carbonate and talc, and the compatibilizer is at least one of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene.

7. The pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon and mortise locking structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer is 1.5mm to 4mm, the thickness of the matrix of the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer is 2mm to 6mm, and the overall thickness of the pre-laid waterproof membrane is 4mm to 10mm.

8. The tenon-and-mortise locking structure for pre-laid waterproof membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer has a self-adhesive area for construction positioning on the side opposite to the three-dimensional cavity tenon and mortise functional layer. The self-adhesive area contains at least one of styrene-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer and polyurethane elastomer.

9. A construction method for a pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon-and-mortise locking structure, characterized in that, The pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon and mortise locking structure according to any one of claims 1-8 includes: The substrate is cleaned and pre-laid waterproof membrane is laid on it. The pre-laid waterproof membrane includes a three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer that forms a continuous material body and a synthetic resin blended polymer sheet layer. The three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer has multiple tenon-and-mortise locking units. Each tenon-and-mortise locking unit has a locking opening facing the post-poured concrete and a locking cavity communicating with the locking opening. The locking cavity forms a locking area with a lateral dimension larger than the corresponding lateral dimension of the locking opening, and the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer faces the area where the post-poured concrete will be formed. After the pre-laid waterproof membrane is positioned and the structural reinforcement is constructed, the post-poured concrete is poured. While the post-poured concrete is in a flowing state, it is vibrated to allow cement slurry to pass through the locking opening and enter the locking cavity. The relative position of the pre-laid waterproof membrane and the post-poured concrete is maintained so that the cement slurry entering the locking cavity and the post-poured concrete solidify synchronously to form a concrete locking body. The concrete locking body is geometrically restricted by the locking opening and the locking cavity wall to form a pull-out mechanical interlocking connection with the three-dimensional cavity tenon-and-mortise functional layer. The post-poured concrete is cured until it reaches the design strength.

10. The construction method of the pre-laid waterproof membrane tenon and mortise locking structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: After cleaning the base layer, ensure that it is flat, firm, and free of sharp protrusions. Overlap adjacent pre-laid waterproof membranes with an overlap width of not less than 80mm, and use overlap tape to treat the overlap area.

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